History of Monmouth
County Farmers’ Exchange
County Farmers’ Giants and round stock are pooled
Exchange is the oldest and largest of |and each grower receives the same
The Monmouth
the farmers’ associations doing busi: | price according to whether he shipped
ess in the State. The main office of |Giants or round stock. No attempt is
the Exchange is located at Freehold, [made to establish definite grades
each sort, but the Exchange does in
ducing section in New Jersey. Be-|sist upon a good, straight, marketable
cause of the very highly developed |8rade, free from culls, scabby or rot-
state of the potato industry in Mon- [ted specimens.
mouth County, these farmers were the| The
of
the center of the rgeatest potato pro-
Monmouth County Exchange
first to feel the need of a selling agen- |does business on a 5 per cent basis
cy which would place the sale of their |both in selling the farme’s products
products in their own hands and maka [and in buying supplies for him. Part
them independent of the dealers who |of this is returned to the stockholders
were the principal purchasers. As a |in the form of dividends and the actual
result of a thorough study by a small |cost of carrying on the business is
group of potato growers of the possi-|about 2 1-2 per cent.
bilities of such an association, an or- [low rate and is made possible not
ganization was effected in 1908 with a [only by doing a very large volume of
This is a very
membership of 500, which has in-|selling, but also by the employment
creased to 1371 members at the pres-|of the office force and capital during
ent time. Shares were issued to the [the so-called “off-season” in the sale
amount of $100,000 with a par value ot |0of farm supplies, especially fertilizer.
$5 per share. In order to keep a few |This greatly “overhead”
individuals from contol of the organi- [charges and in fact makes a business
zation, there was a provison that no {enterprise of this kind feasible. Three
ony could buy more than 20 shares. |large warehouses with a total area of
This ciuse was later revoked as tho] 39,000 square feet are located at Free-
necessjty arose for a greater amount | hold, Marlboro and Hightstown. These
of capital.
reduces
are used mainly as mixing houses for
As has been suggested, the principal | high-grade fertilizers. In 1915 the Ex-
business of the Monmouth Exchange [change sold over seven thousand tons
is in the sale of potatoes direct from |of this commodity.
the field to the best markets. Some At the present time the paid-in capi:
fruits and vegetables also are sold, |tal stock is $75,450. No more stoci:
especially apples and asparagus. Po-|is sold, but a membership card is is-
tatoes are sold to every State in the [sued allowing any farmer to do busi-
Union as well as Canada, South Amer- | ness through the organization for a
ica, and Europe. The principal va-|term of five years. This certificate
riety handled is the American Gian, | costs $5.00 and is issued to eliminate
a long potato of medium quality, noted | the great amount of office work re-
Large quantities |auired in making out dividends, etc.,
for holders of but one or two shares.
One practice of the Monmouth
for its prolificacy.
of the round potatoes of the Green
Mountain and Cobbler types also ar=
handled. The long and the round po-|County Farmers’ Exchange deserves
tatoes are sold separately, the round-|mention. This is a system of notify-
stock grower receiving from ten to ing the loading agents at the various
twenty-five cents more a barrel than [shipping points when the market is
the grower of the “Giant.” weak or weather conditions unfavoi-
During the shipping season the |able asking they request shippers to
manager is in touch with all the mar- [hold up their shipments until the mar-
kets of the country by telephone and |ket has had an opportunity to clear
telegraph, a telegraph operator being |up the demand to strengthen again.
located in the Exchange offices. Quo-|This practice is gaining in favor with
tations are given and received by the the potato growers and it has hada a
manager during the day . In the even-|great influence in maintaining a steady
Ni
ing the returns from the sales of the price-lev
Nursery Inspection: The Importance
of Legislation Against Crop Pests
By HARRY B. WEISS, Chief Inspector, Bureau of Stat-
istic and Inspection, New Jersey State
Department of Agriculture
Introduction introduced insects and diseases to
When man began to transport plants [crchards and forests, their establish
from one place to another, he un-fment and spread in suburban residen-
consciously carried along their insect }tial districts means a depreciation m
enemies and fungous diseases. In |property value. The fact that intro-
fact, even before this and from the |duced pesis do not develop immedi-
earliest time, the distribution of pes‘s |ately in the sections where infested
has been in progress in a state of |shipments are received is no indica-
nature. However, nature in the form [cation that such pests have not been
of climatic factors and physical fea-}introduced and that they will not
tures has kept certain species within [eventually become established. When
certain geographical limits. Other [in numbers, easily
factors being equal, man has been able | overlooked, but it is only a question
to overcome mere physical obstacles, |of time before they develop headway
and as a result many of our now com-|at different points and by the time the
mon insect pests were at one time in- | public recognizes them for for what
troduced with plant products.
Sometimes insect pests are carried | taken place
public is
small they are
they are, considerable damage has
Even the health of the
in danger by the introduc-
which
in merchandise; sometimes their in-
truduction is accidental, as for exami- tion of instects might
ple, those species which might fly on |disease
carry
shipboard; but nursery stock is un-
doubtedly the source of
danger.
Here conditions are especially favor-
able for the transportation of pests
If this process of distribution were
allowed to go on unchecked by prop-
erly enforced legislation, every injuri-
cus insect and funguous disease would
te as widely distributed
earth as climate would permit. The
greatest
i < are 0 he
Their food supply is well taken care upon th
of and after the arrival of the stocl:,
it is further looked after and cared
In fact, the care which is lavished
need of inspection service constitutes
a barrier to the spread of pests. The
foundation of this barrier is sound
legislation against insects, and its ef-
fectiveness depends on the proper en-
forcement of the laws.
for.
upon the plant is unknowingly lavished
Fully one-half of
upon its enemies.
sects in the
the principal injurious ir
United States have been intruducesl
from foreign countries and many of | pig pag heen recognized by prac
them have flourished excec dingly well tically zl of the European powers, |
in their new home. The San Jose which have very stringent plant in-
scale, the codling moth, the elm leaf gpection laws, and absolutely prohibit
beetle, the Hessian fly, the cabbage lip. epiance of nursery stock from |
aphis, the cabba&2 in. ypijted States. Auerican
beetle are €X-|,.q agmitted only after a rigid in- |
only a small spection showing freedom from pests. |
maggot, the pea fruits |
worm, the asparagus
amples which comprise :
percentage of the total number of in : :
sects, which we have with us at pres-| The insect pests and plant diseases |
ent. The injuries inflicted by these that have entered during the past are
enormous and in [probably here for all time, but no
reasonabla | reasonable objectien can be made to
gypsy moth, liber: , the policy of safeguarding the future
1868, cost |interests of the people.
in !men, the dealers, the importers and |
interests |
imported pests are
many instances beyond
calculation. The
ated in Massachusetts in
|
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
The nursery- |
the State over one million dollars |
between 1890 and 1899 the large fruit and forest
appropriations : : :
af X are all protected by suitable inspection
and 4% not yet under perfect control.
In addition to the destructiveness of
and quarantine legislation.
mold in an oblong pan. Chill on the
Tested Recipes ice and serve, cut in slices and lay
on crisp lettuce leaves. Garnish with
spoonfuls of mayonnaise dressing.
Frozen Strawberries
This is a very simple dessert and
particularly good. Mash one
drain and season with salt, paprika | quart or ripe berries and -add two
and just enough milk to be absorbed cupfuls of sugar and one cupful of
by the vegetable. Chop one bunch of [pot water. Let stand for an hour and
Turn into the freezer,
Green Peas and Mint Jelly
Cook the (two cupfuls, |
shelled) with a few sprigs of mint, | jt is
peas
fresh mint and cook rapidly in two | chill on the ice.
and a half cupfuls of boiling water. |freeze slowly and when the mixture
Add one cupful of sugar and two | begins to congeal mix in a quarter of
tablespoonfuls of granulated gelatine |a pint of chilled double cream, whipped
softened in half a cupful of cold water. | solid. Continue to freeze until firm
Cool, strain, add a quarter of a cupful [and smooth.
each of orange and lemon juice and a| Creamed Peas in Bread Croustades
teaspoonful of tarragon vinegar. Color In a saucepan put one pint of
with a few drops of coloring matter [shelled peas, add enough boiling water
and set in a cold place. When it be-{to cover generously, and a slice of
gins to stiffen, fold in the peas and lemon. Bring quickly to, the boiling
point and then reduce the heat and
simmer gently until tender. When
cooked drain, add a quarter of a pint
of cream (or milk thickened with
one level teasponful of flour), sal
and paprika to taste and add two
tablespoonfuls of butter. Set over hot
water and let the seasoning steam in.
Serve in croustades of fried bread.
Strawberry Punch
Mash one pint of hulled berries and
place in a large bo wlwith a cupfui
of sugar, a bit of stick cinnamon, half
a cupful of cold tea, the juice of two
lemons and a finely sliced
Stand in the ice box to chill and ripen,
and just
orange.
previous to serving add a
pint of cracked ice, one pint of large,
hulled berries and three pints of cai-
bonated water. Serve in tall glasses
with long handled spoons, so that the
fruit can be eaten.
Cream of Green Peas
This is one of the most delicious
Wash
and shred the pods from two pounds
of peas, cover with a quart of boiling
water, add two slices of onion and
cook for forty minutes, then strain.
Cook the shelled peas in this liquor.
adding a
when
of the summer vegetable soups.
teaspoonful of sugar, and
tender press with the
through a pure sieve. Season
salt and paprika to taste and add a
cupful of rich crea msauce. Reheat
and stir in three tablespoonfuls of
whipped cream.
liquor
witn
Southern Strawberry Shortcake
Sift together two and a half cup-
fuls of flour, four teaspoonfuls of
baking powder, half a teaspoonful of
Rub in with the fingertips four levei
tablespoonfuls of shortening and we:
to a soft dough with about one cupfui
possible, pat out into a flat cake and
lay in the greased pan, drawing the
dough slightly away from the center
so that the upper crust will bake flat.
| Bake in a quick oven, split and spread
with softened butter. Divide a boxfu!
and a half of berries, mashing the
smaller ones and keeping about on:
third of the finest fruit for the top.
ries and let stand for half and hour
Use half the crushed fruit between
cn top and dust with powdered sugar
Serve immediately with thick chilled
remainder of the crushed, sweetened
fruit. The cake should be lukewarm
and the cream icy cold.
Nut Bread With Yeast
Three cups of flour, one cup of
chopped nut meats, one cup of scalded
milk,
water, one-half yeast cake, one table-
spoon of shortening, two tablespoons
one-quarter cup of lukewarm
of molasses.
Dissolve the yeast in a little of the
lukewarm water, then stir in remain-
ing water. Let the scalded milk be-
lukewarm and then add the
| yeast mixture. Add
| meats and half the flour and beat until
the whole mixture bubbles thoroughly.
Then add shortening and remainder
of the flour.
Knead for ten minutes,
greased bowl and leave in a warn:
When double the bulk
shape into
come
molasses, nut
place in
place to rise.
cut down, knead again,
small loaves and place into greased
rans. Cover and set in a warm place
to rise, then bake in a moderate oven
Nut Drop Cakes
Two and one-half cups of flour, two-
two cups of sour milk, one-quarter cup
| of molasses, one teaspoon of salt, one
teaspoon of cinnamon.
Sift dry ingredients together, add
milk, butter and molasses, nuts and |
Drop on a greased pan by
raisins.
spoonfuls and bake in a moderate
Curried Lamb
small onions
Heat about
Finely mince two
and one-half sour apple.
| three tablespoonfuls of drippings and |
{fry the mixture. Remove it anil |
[brown the lamb, cut in small pieces
| (about one and a half pounds lean
meat from the middle of the neck or
leg of lamb) Mix with onion . Mix
three tablespoonfuls of flour with ona |
teaspoonful of curry paste and one
tablespoonful of curry powder and
sprinkle juice of one-half lemon over
the meat. Cover the pan and cook
the curry very gently for ten minutes
to develop the flavors. Shake the pan |
from time to time to keep from burn-
ing. Add three-fourths of a pint of
vater gradually and mix
Put in the apple, one table-
stock or
smoothly.
spoonful of tomato sauce and one
tablespoonful of chutney. Season with |
salt and pepper and simmer gently
for about two hours, covering the pan |
closely. Shortly before the curry is |
to be dished boil some rice and ar-
range in a border around the lamb.
Ragout of Lamb
Cut into dice one pint of co'd|
roasted or boiled lamb. Add one small
onion cut fine, half a cupful of diced |
turnip and one-fourth cupful of grated
carrots. Salt and pepper to
Cover with boiling water and allow
to simmer until tender. Put the bones |
and trimmings into another dish, cover |
with cold water, and let simmer un-|
til the liquid is reduced one-half, then |
strain and remove the fat and add the
liquid to the ragout. When the meat
is tender remove the fat, add one table-
spoonful of brown sauce (made by
browning the flour and a teaspoonful
of Worcestershire sauce) and two
tablespoonfuls of currant jeily. |
taste. |
salt and one tablespoonful of sugar. |
of chilled milk, handle as little as |
Add sugar to taste to the mashed ber |
the split cake, place the large berries |
cream and a pitcher containing the |
thirds cup of raisins, one cup of sugar, |
‘The Furrow
News and Views About the Farm
The Origin of Pest Legislation
The San Jose scale deserves credit
for one thing, if nothing else, and that
is for bringing the agriculturists and
horticulturists of the country to a re-
alization of the necessity of having
what legisla:
lation. Pest laws in many States were
born out of the the fear of fruit grow
ers in the presence of the San Jose
scale.
This insect was first discovered in
the East in Virginia during 1893. In
1894, it was found in Maryland. Both
of these infestations were traced to a
New firm. A
later it was found in other eastern
States and in nearly every case the
source of infestation was one or two
New Jersey Thus New
Jersey has the unfortunate honor of
might be called insect
Jersey nursery Year
nurseries.
being responsible for the spread of the
scale along the Atlantic seaboard. It
was introduced originally into New
from California on Japanese
plums, California having obtained it
from North China upon the flowering
Chinese peach. In China, by the way,
the peach is commonly supposed to
Jersey
|have the mysterious power of driving
laway evil spirits or keeping them at
[a distance, and in Chinese and Japa
[nese folklore arrows made of peach
tree wood are frequently used for the
purpose of piercing the otherwise in-
[vulnerable hearts of devils . Unfortu
{nately, its mysterious powers over evil
spirits were evidently never effective
against the San Jose scale. Shortly
after the seriousness of this pest was
| forced upon the public, various States
| passed laws requiring that all nursery
[stock shipped into such States be pro
vided with a certificate of inspection,
and as time went on other States
adoupted means of protecting their
horticultural interests, until at present
very State has laws for the purposé
|
|
|
|
|
|
leases within its borders and for the
{purpose of keeping out undesirabla
pests. Some State laws are very dras-
ltic while others are weak in certain
|foints. Some of
[forced hecause the people do not be
[lieve in them, and others are enforced
All of them, however, are
them are not en-
only partly.
the outgrowth of a desire on the part
of the people to protect themselv-s
and their interests.
In New Jersey, the law providing for
the inspection of nurseries was enaci-
1898. In 1903, more complete
this,
ed in
{legislation was
[with supplementary laws in 1904 and
|1911, constitutes the foundation of our
| present inspection system. The work
in New Jersey was first attended wich
difficulties. There was a
among some nurserymen to avoid the
law’s requirements and sell, amon:
their neighbors at least, in defiance of
it. Gradually, however, they realized
that the regulations
benefit and were not restrictions, so
that at the present time there is per-
fect harmony between the nursery
men and officials enforcing the law,
and a Ccesire and willingness on the
part of each to co-operate as fully as
secured, and
tendency
were for their
possible.
The Accomplishments of Pest Leigs-
lation
Various benefits have been derived
by the different States under their
existing laws. Formerly the entomolo-
gist and the plant pathologist devoted
their entire attention to the study and
control of native species, but now their
| attention is directed toward exclusion.
AFTER ALL OTHERS FAIL
Consult the Old Reliable
DR. LOBB
Forty Years’ Continuous Practice
1209 Race St., Phila., Pa.
Guarantees to Cure Special Diseases
Office Hours: 9 a.m. to 9 p.m.
Write or call for free book
f controlling insects and plant dis-
By inspection systems faithfully car-
ried out the establishment of many
species of injurious insects and plant
diseases has been prevented. If such
work had been started many years
ago, its saving to the country at large
would have been enormous.
In New Jersey, by reason of the en
forcement of such legislation, the pur-
chaser of nursery stock is assured of
material to start
fruit grower who buys
clean with. The
hundreds of
trees with which to plant an orchard
and the commuter who carries a lone
fruit trea home for planting in his
back yard, are both sure of getting
clean stock only by reason of the in-
spection service, and in many cases
both are unaware that their interests
have been looked after by the State.
If sucn a service did not exist, the
San Jose scale would still continue to
be distributed everywhere, crown gall
would be more prevalent than it is
and various ofner diseases and insects
would be purchased by the buyer,
along with the stock. It is not meant
by this that nurserymen are dishonest
and would knowingly sell pest-infested
stock, but in many cases the nursery-
men themselves are unfamiliar with
18
such pes
The same protection is given to the
purchaser of ornamental stock. The
wealthy estate owner, who buys thou-
sands of ornamental trees and shrubs
for his private estate and the person
who buys a 10-cent rose bush are both
beneficiaries under the inspection
law, and 2s before, in many cases both
are unaware of its existence.
In addition, the inspection aids the
nurseryman by furnishing him with
an insect and disease record of his
nursery and help in combating pests
likely to become injurious. All tha!
the Bureau of Inspection requires °*
that he sell stock free from insects
This is a perfectly
and plant diseases.
fair and reasonable demand, which in
most cases is recognized as such.
Another result of inspection is the
prevention of the introduction of vari-
ous European pests by the inspection
of imported stock. Were it not for
this the State would be overrun with
foreign insects and diseases capabie
of causing considerable economic loss.
If the bureau accomplished nothing
else during an entire year except the
destruction of a single case of seri
ously infested stock, the cost of the
service would be well worth it, as the
amount expended would shrink to a
mere trifle compared with the amoun’
which would undoubtedly be expended
later in fighting the pest.
The brown-tail and gypsy moths
which are present in the New England
States have caused the Federal and
State governments an expenditure of
over $7,000,000, and the same govern-
ments together with private individ-
uals are spending $1,000,000 yearly
in an effort to prevent the increase and
spread of these insects. Both have
in the past entered New Jersey, but
the infestations have been promptly
eradicated. In one case, it was neces
sary to call upon the Federal govern-
ment for help. In the case of the
gypsy moth, the pest was found to the
extent of 198 egg masses in a nursery
block of evergreens. In co-operation
with the Bureau of ef Entomology,
uo, S. Agriculture, the
services of a number of experienced
Department of
moth scouts were secured, and begin-
ning at the point where the eg
found, the territory was scouted in
every direction for four or five miles.
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Money back if not satisfied
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Philadelphia, Pa.
2306 S. 23rd St.
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For Full Neolin Soles 5
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PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Millions in Fertilizer
FINE COOPERATIVE PLAN
FOR DEALERS
Write Today
DuBois Fertilizer Works
411 Perry Bld, Philadelphia
attention tc
430-32 Widener Bldg.
Walnut 2173-4
Prompt
RR
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dened - paying securities which are now selling at prices netting from 8
to 15 per cent or better. We solicit further inquiries on the following, or
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CITIES SER. BKRS. COSDEN & CO.
SUPERIOR OIL NIPISSING
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Our Unlisted Department is also at your service, should you desire quota
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Direct private wires to all principal markets enable us
PRICE, GUARD & CO.
BROKERS
New York Office: 32 Broadway, N. Y.
y all orders.
PHILADELPHA, PA.
Race 5117-8
Phone: Broad 2805
Deliveries
The block of evergreens where the
eggs were found was then placed
under quarantine and the trees therein
sprayed thoroughly three times during
the season. As a further precaution
the entire block was fenced in, the
being eight inches high and
coated on the top with tanglefoot. This
fence
was to prevent any caterpillars whica
might have escaped the previous treat-
away and in
In addition, the
ments from crawling
festing other treet.
infested block was gone over care-
fully, tree by tree, for several times
before the quarantine was lifted. In
this manner, the moth was
eradicated from the State:
gypsy
Another case is the present finding
by the plant pathologist of the white
pine blister rust, a serious disease of
white pines, in several localities in
New Jersey, and steps are now being
taken to stamp out the disease and
prevent its spread.
The inspection of stock arriving
from other States serves to prevent
being
Outside
undesirable material from
shipped into New
shippers are inclined to be careful if
they know that their plants will be
Jersey.
scrutinized before being accepted, and
as a recult, trees containing crown
gall, San Jose scale and other pests
will not find their way into shipments
destined for New Jersey. Therefore,
this phase of the service protects the
buyer, and as well serves the interest
of the State at large.
At different times, serious insect
pests have been intercepted and de
stroyed before getting a foothold in
the State, and the same applies to
plant diseases. These happenings oc¢
cur more or less regularly during the
inspection season and are taken as a
matter of course by the inspector,
but at the same time it must be re-
membered that a considerable service
is being rendered to the citizens of
the State. It should also be kept in
mind that the most careful and thor-
ough inspection in the country is not
an absolute guarantee against the in
troduction of pests. Insects may come
in along with the soil or packing,
or they may enter unobserved, on
account of the laxity of the inspector
or his ignorance of foreign pests. The
success of the service depends to a
certain extent on the personal element
which is never a fixed factor.
Again, many plant diseases have a
dormant period during which it is im-
possible to detect them. Fortunately,
however, the Federal government 1s
becoming more and more strict con-
cerning destructive foreign pests and
against
is establishing quarantines
plants likely to carry them.
: Where the Fairies Meet
When the mcon is at her zenith and
the soagbird is at rest,
In fancy 1 am speeding to the far-off
golden west;
I hear wee minstrels playing, old
melodies so sweet,
I'm back again in Ireland, where the
fairies used to meet.
Oh, charm of those surroundings that
beautified my home,
That dear old home in Ireland wher
my boyhood loved to roam
Though the picture might seem per-
fect, it would still be incomplete
If it did not show the valley where the
fairies used to meet.
I'm glad when I'm recalling all the
legends told me there,
And memory bears me fondly back to
my grandsire's chair.
Oh, how he'd thrill my fancies, till
my heart would faster beat,
walking through the valley
where the fairies used to mee...
While
And when clouds are lowering o'er
the brizhtest hopes of life,
Home thoughts come agleaming, (0
cheer me through the strife.
"Pig then I dream of Ireland, and my
heart hnows no defeat,
For some day I'll be once more, wher
the fairies used to meet.
—J. 8. ORMSBY.
Watercress Soup
Wash and part four good-sized po-
tatoes and boil them until tender in
| six cupfuls of water to which one tea-
spoonful of salt has been added. Put
[the boiled potatoes, while hot, through
To this
| puree add the potato water, let come
a vegetable ricer or sieve.
to a boil, and thicken slightly with
one tablespoonful each of flour and
butter cooked together. Add two cup-
fuls of watercress chopped fine, two
teaspoonfuls of salt, and three-eighths
teaspoonful of pepper. To measura
the watercress press it down into the
cup and then chop. Serve "hot with
crouons. If a thinner soup is desired,
add one cupful of hot water or milk.
preferably milk.—May yood House-
keeping.
Scrambled Lamb
Chop about two cupfuls of cold
lamb, mix with three tablespoonfuls
of hot water and two tablespoonfuls
of fat. Place on stove, and when hot,
break in three eggs and stir constantly
until the eggs begin to stiffen. Salt
pepper to taste and serve hot.
Making
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Main
Locust 5182-3-4-5-6.
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IT IS the use of your average fintelligence mixed
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MANY high class securities are selling at, ridicuously
LET US help vou to select a few good ones to Buy.
WRITE
WINSLOW TAYLOR & CO.
130 SOUTH 15TH STREET,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Money
made money who dared not
l JS /
Office
Dept. “A”
Race 5196-7-8.
Benefit From a Personal
Service
We solicit your brokerage business. Our long ex-
perience and eflicient organization enable us to render
flawless service.
We give personal attention to every account and
protect our clients at every
angle. Shares placed with
us for sale will secure the highest possible price, and
buying orders will receive prompt filling at the lowest
market figure.
We take the time and
trouble to give satisfactory
service to our clients. No account is too small for our
personal attention and none too large for our organized
ability.
Send us vour stocks, bonds, and general invest-
ments.
We will give them prompt, efficient attention.
Buv vour investments through us, for we know the
market thoroughly and can
render expert service.
Send for Circular “R-1"’
OONT
Z &
et,
Members Consolidated Stock Exchange of New York
7903.26.28 WIDENER BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
TELEPHONES—Walnut 4763-4-5
Direct Private Wires Connecting Offices
55 Broadway, New York
Race 3381-2
EERE