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The Bureau of Animal Industry has:
Just prepared a short bulletin embody-
'ing a number of useful hints to poultry
raisers. In submitting the text to Seecre-
tary Wilson, Chief Melvin of the
Bureau stated that the article was pre-
pared with the special end in view of
furthering the purpose of his Bureau
to give the raisers of poultry, especially
the general farmer, the best informa-
tion” possible in @ very concise form.
The article is written by G. Arthur
Bell, Assistant Animal Husbandman of
the Bureau of Animal Industry.
“*® Selection of a Variety.
Pure breeds are desirable, says Mr.
Bell, as with these one has a flock of
"THE STANDARD BIRD.
-
GUY ELLIOTT MITCHELL
should be placed against the end of the
house opposite the door or under the
roost platform, and should be darkened.
It is well to have several small boxes
for shell, grit, beef scraps, etc., against
he walls about 16 to 18 inches above
the floor. If cement or wood floors are
used, a dust bath should be provided
for the fowls.
The Feeding of Hens. {
In order to obtain eggs, it is mneces-
sary to have healthy, vigorous stock,
properly fed, To do their best, hens
should be fed grain, animal, and green
food. They should be fed enough to
keep them in good condition but not
overfat, and should be induced to take
(Greatest Profit in Pure Br Fowls..
pd
Abe.
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PLYMOUTH ROCKS—A PAIR OF PRIZE WINNERS.
fowls which will produce carcases and
eggs of a much more uniform shape,
color, and size than will mongrels, all
of which aids in finding a ready sale.
If one already has a flock of mongrel
fowls and cannot afford to buy pure-
breeds, he should choose a purebreed
male bird of the breed preferred and
mate him with a few of the best mon-
grel females, This system, if carefully
followed for a few years, will give a
high-grade flock that will be practically
as good as purebreds, so far as market
conditions for dressed fowls and eggs
are concerned.
Choice of variety will depend largely
on the purpose for which the fowls are
kept—whether eggs alone,botheggs and
meat, or meat alone is the chief object;
whether white-shelled or brown shelled
eggs are desired; and whether sitters
or nonsitters are wanted.
Egg Breeds.—Nonsitters and produg-
ers of white-shelled eggs—Leghorns
and Minorcas.
General purpose breeds.—Sitters and
producers of brown-shelled eggs—Ply-
mouth Rocks, Wyandottes, Orphing-
tons, and Rhode Island Reds.
Meat Breeds. Sitters and producers
of brown-shelled eggs—Light Brahmas,
Cochins, and Langshans.
What Kind of Houses,
Location—Select an elevation hav-
ing a natural drainage away from the
building, a dry, porous soil, such as a
sandy of gravelly loam, being prefer-
able to a clay soil.
Erposure—As sunlight and warmth
are essential to the best success with
poultry, the buildings should face the
south, A southeastern exposure is pref-
erable to a southwestern one if a
direct southern exposure cannot be op-
tained.
Size of House.—The size of the house
will depend almost entirely on the
mumber of birds to be kept. If in flocks
of forty to sixty, about 5 square teet
of flour space should be allotted to
each hen, The building should be high
enough Tor the attendant to avoid
bumping his head against the ceiling.
A House for Fifty to Sixty Fowls.
The best house for fifty to sixty fowls
is 20 by 14 feet; front elevation 6%
feet, back elevation 51 feet, with
double pitch foof of unequal span, The
roof, if shingled, should have not less
than one-third pitch. If roofing paper is
used, one-quarter pitch will answer, In
the front, or south wall there should be
placed two windows about 1 foot from
the top and 3 feet from the ends; 8 by
10 inches is a good-sized pane to use
in a twelve-light sash, making the sash
about 3 by 9 inches high, and 2 feet 5
plenty of exercise. No set rules can be
given for feeding, as conditions vary,
and there are different methods of feed-
ing different breeds.
A good system to follow for winter
feeding is mash once a day and grain
scattered in the litter twice a day. The
mash may be fed dry or slightly moist-
ened. When the former, it is usually
put into a trough or hopper hung
against the wall and the fowls allowed
access to it at all times.
The mash fed at the Maine Experi-
ment Station is as follows, in the pro-
portions indicated:
200 pounds wheat bran.
100 pounds corn meal.
100 pounds wheat middlings.
100 pounds linseed meal.
100 pounds gluten meal.
\
+ The Great American Hen.
Rightfully comes she by the title,
for according to statistics the Ameri-
can hen yields more money annually
than any other one farm product. With
eggs as low as a cent a piece—a very
cheap and nutritious™ food—a well
bred hen laying about two hundred
eggs @ year has a value of $2. An
estimate is made that $1 a year will
keep her in comfortable if not luxuri-
ous, quarters. The trouble is that
milijons of barnyard scrubs do not
yield a hundred eggs a year.
According to Government authori-
ties the earning from the egg and
poultry industry amounts to about
$280,000,000. Cotton, the king of crops
with a value reaching up to $259,000,
000, is thus dethroned by the magnifi-
cient earnings of the fowl.
During 1905 the total value of all the
gold, silver, wool and sheep produced
in the United States was $272,000,000.
The wheat crop, considered the most
valuable of all agricultural products
had a value in the same period of
$229,000,000. The great American
hog, consumed at home and abroad,
was valued at about $186,529,035. The
sugar production of the country was
only $20,000,000. The combined value
of the oat and potato crops was only
$160,000,000, The industrioup little
gallus domesticus profluces enough
eggs to require a train of refrigerator
cars 900 miles long filled with 43,000,
000 crates, each of which holds 360
eggs. The value of the ezg as a food
product is equal to that of any food
stuff of its size. ~—
& -~
& Winter Egg-Laying Contest.
A novel egg-laying competition at
the Lady Warwick's Ladies’ Agricul-
tural College is reported by Consul
Daniels at Sheffield, England. ‘The
conclusions reached are that breed does
not govern £0 much as the laying
strain or families of a breed highly de-
veloped egg producers. The pen of
four Buff Orpingtons led from October
16 to November 16 by producing 49
eggs, and again November 16 to Decem-
ber 16 with 120 eggs. One thing the
present competition shows is the little
help it is to birds to be what show
enthusiasts call “beautifully marked,”
for as often as not it is the ordinary
looking competitors, birds a show
judge would laugh at, that have the
biggest total of egge to their credit.
In the winter laying competition what
stands a bird in good stead is not that
its father was the winner of a medal,
but that its mother and grandmother
100 pounds beef scrap.
GROUP OF YOUNG
Another mash may be mixed as fol-
lows, in the proportions indicated:
100 pounds corn meal.
100 pounds ground oats.
100 pounds wheat bran.
Young chickens should be fed a Iittle
at a time and often. If they are given
ground food alone, there is a great
danger of overfeeding. Very good re-
sults may be obtained by the feeding
entirely of cracked grains from the
time the chickens are hatched until
they reach maturity, There are on the
market many prepared chick feeds, con-
sisting of different mixtures of suitable
cracked grains, After the chickens are
five or six weeks old, the prepared chick
feed may be dropped and cracked corn,
cracked wheat, hulled oats; ete, fed to
inches wide. A door 21% by 6 feet r""v
be made in one of the end walls, ana
also a small door in the front wall, for
|
Pee
E
Go
SINGLE COMB BUFF LEGHORNS.
Cock was Awarded First Prize, St. Louls Exposition.
ths fowls to pass in and out
building,
Interior Arrangement,
Ths roost platform should be placed
in the rear of the house and extending
ite whole length. The platform should
be about 3 feet wide and 3 feet from
the floor, with the perches arranged
shout 8 or 10 inches higher. The nest
No. nin. -
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of the
oy
EE rE LF
them instead.
If the chickens can not get grass,
provide green feed such as lettuce and
RSE)
. 2
Sy
cabbage which are very good fu. ais
purpose. Some kind of meat, such as
green cut‘bone or meat scraps, is valu-
able as a food and 1t is well to keep in
a box where the chickens can help
themselves at all times. Water should
be provided from the start, placed in
wera wonderful layers, snd that iis
WHITE LEGHORNS, ™™
male parents also come of & goad 1ay-
ing strain
som I sane
Ducks don’t need water to thrive.
There are many farms in this country,
where thousands of these fowl are
raised each year for market, and where
there is not even a puddle for them to
flounder in. One of these establish-
ments #s gaid to furnish 20,000 ducks
a yeare gi...
St AR ——
Net the Laying Kind.
A few days ago a rather bashful
young woman went into a Southern
grocery store with some chickens to
sell. She inquired the price of fowls,
and at the same time put hers on the
counter. The clerk didn’t notice that
the chickens’ feet were tied, and asked
her if they would lay there, She bit
her handkerchief, turned her head, and
sald, “No, sir, they are roosters.”
N—-— -PF S HE F P ° 7 E E EP .- -P Ez WNLLL.ws L..bpop
Extending thc Weather Service.
In order that the work of the
Weather Bureau may be of greatest
possible benefit to the people of the
United States, and especially to that
class which Is dependent upon the
weather, Prof. Willis L. Moore, the
chief, has been making arrangements
by which such agriculturists as have
telephones and want the service, may
obtain weather forecasts within a few
minutes after the announcement of
telephonic advice as to the state of com-
ing weather, This iS operating in New
York, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Michigan
and other states. Recently the Weather
Bureau made arrangements for an ex-
tension of this service in Maryland,
Virginia and West Virginia.
Rn
The bloodhound is generally thought
to be very ferocious, while, on the con.
trary, it is really as gently as almost
any other kind of dog.
EE
The Pennsylvania Railroad is con-
templating cutting a tunnel through the
Allegheny Mountains, and the South.
ern Pacific will eventually tunnel the
Sierre Nevada range. ”
Tall persons usually live longer than
short ones, while those born in the
such a dish that the chickens not
get into it and get wet. you,
cm
spring have sounder constitutions than
those born during the other seasons.
WORTH GUESSED WRONG.
LORG
Missed ths Opportunity to Get Fam-
ous Horse Named After Him.
When a man becomes famous, all
the incidents of his past life are laid
bare. There is a great story going
around of how Nick Longworth came
near to attaining to fame some years
ago, in connection with horses.
“The story runs,” according to a
prominent horseman, “that some years
ago H. M. Ziegler, of Cincinnati, the
noted owner of thoroughbreds, and an
intimate friend of Mr. Longworth,
took the latter down to his Kentucky
thoroughbred farm to show him his
collection of fine yearlings,
“All of these yearlings were as yet
unnamed.
“ ‘I.ongworth,’” sald Ziegler, as they
strolled about the stalls, ‘you'd better
let me name one of these yearlings
after you. They're a swell bunch, and
almost all of them are well-nigh bouna
to do something big in the world.’
“<I don’t mind,’ was Longworth’s
WHITE COCHIN COCK.
First Prize Bird at New York Show in 1904.
reply. ‘But I'd like to be sure of be-
stowing my cherished name on a real
good one, I'd hate to have a bad one
running in my name. My friends of a
racing turn would be guying me all
the time about my namesake's perform-
ances.’
“ ‘Well,’ said Ziegler, ‘you’re a pretty
good judge of a race horse yourself.
Now here are two of my cracks in
these two stalls. I'll have ’em led out
into my paddock by one of the stable
hands, and you can look them over and
take your pick of them. Whichever
one you like the better I'll name after
you.’
“ ‘Done’ said Mr. Longworth, and the
two yearlings were led into the open.
“They were both fine lookers, but Mr.
Longworth liked the appearance of the
larger one of the two the better.
‘“ ‘That one,” he said, pointing to his
pick. ‘He looks good to me.’
“ ‘He’s christened “Nick Longworth,”
then,’ said Mr. Ziegler, and the colt was
duly named Nick Longworth and regis-
tered with the Jockey Club under that
name,
“Now, the other colt of the pair from
which Mr. Longworth made his selec-
tion was afterward named Hermis.
Sounds kind o’ familiar to you, eh,
that name. Hermis? Well, I should
think it would sound familiar, seeing
that, in the deliberate belief of many of
the most astute horsemen in this coun-
iry, Hermis was absolutely the finest
race horse ever foaled in the United
States, a speed and distance marvel,
a bulldog who never knew when he
was beaten, and an animal worthy to
be ranked with the very greatest race
horses of all time in this or any other
country.
“So much for Hermis, the o.e that
Mr. Longworth didn’t pick out. As for
the one that he did pick out, and that
was named Nick Longworth—well,
Nick was worth about $9.72 as a rac-
ing proposition, and that’s about all.
He could win a selling race once in a
while on Thursdays when the windwas
sou’sou’east by nor’, but hecouldn'tget
out of his own way in running with
even fair handicap horses, and he lost
about twenty times to one win, and
it really” did come to pass that Mr.
Longworth’s Cincinnati friends guyed
him unmercifully about his namesake
horse. Mr. Longworth never, of course,
told his guying friends that he’d actu-
ally had the chance to get so noble an
animal as Hermis named after him.
He probably felt that the situation was
bad enough as it was.
J — ——
THE NEGRO AS A FARMER,
Boeker Washington Says He is at
His Werst in Large Cities
Booker T. Washington in an address
at Washington, D. C., recently struck
a keynote when he stated that, “The
negro is at his worst in the crowded
life of a large city, and.at his best in
the rural districts where he owns and
cultivates the soil.
The speaker said the demand in the
South for negroes trained for teachers
and leaders in the class room, and the
factory was tremendous; but more
pressing yet was the demand from the
best white people of that section for
negroes to take charge of their farms,
dairies and other industries. This de-
mand is shown, he said, by the fact
that every one of the 525 students who
left Tuskegee last summer had been en-
gaged weeks before the end of the term,
Washington is solicited by mail, tele-
graph, and in person to furnish
trained negroes, and could have found
places for twice the number had they
been forthcoming,
“Association with the white people
has given the negro new wants, .de-
sires and ambitions,” sald Mr. Wash-
ington; “To these, education is neces:
sary, both to appreciate fully the newly
awakened feelings and to provide
means for their rational satisfaction.
Hence, from the most selfish point of
view, the right kind of education ig
beneficial for the negro.” : -
That the negro is not naturally an
idler is shown, the speaker said, by the
trebling of the South's industrial
wealth in the last twenty years, with.
out any appreciable increase in immi-
gration, This advance is due, he
thought, in great part to the well
directed labor of the negro. ,
————— II ss.
Cork, in spite of its buoyancy, will
not raise to the surface again from a
depth of 200 feet below the ocean’s sur
face, owing to the great pressure of
water, At any depth short of that it
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