THE SPY & REGISTER. SATURDAY MORNING, Sept. 2,1848 .d.G EN CIES. V. B. 'PALMER is duly authorized to receive subscrip tions and advertisements for taus paper, iu the cities of Philadelphia, New York, Baltimore, and Boston, arid receipt therefor. E. W. Qum, Philadelphia. ..TACOS lil. Wirstas.arsra„ Lancaster city WU..l.lAut A. YEllicL, Trtivelling Agent 08.011 GE PRATT, N 0.151., Nassau Street. New York. W/T.AAA3/ TitolisoN, S. E. Corner of Baltimore and South streets, Baharms, (Er if any or our subscribers, in town, should not be served regularly with the• Spy," by our new carrier, they will please, call at the office, NEW Jars, COURT House, &C.—WO are pleased to learn that the County Cominisaioners of this county are at last. taking measures towards the erection of a new county Jail. The subject has been urged upon them by different Grand Juries as far back as 1830, at which time the building was already considered insufficient and insecure. The present energetic and humane Commissioners, how. ever, are determined that there shall be no more complaints about the insufficient accommodations in the Lancaster county jail. Humanity, as well as economy demand the reform. The Chester county prison has, we understand, been visited by the Commissioners, with the .riew of the erection of one similar in plan and character to it. The Grand Jury, in their last report, also recom. mend the erection of a new Court House and coun ty Offices, in some other, than the central and most business part of the city. The Court House is not only too small for the proper transaction of all the public business of this great and flourishing coml. ty, but being situated as it is, in the midst of the bustle and confusion of the city, it is Mien impos sible to proceed wills business on the part of the Court; it being impossible at many times to hear witnesses while being examined on the stand. The Poor House and Hospital, arc said to be in good condition. bit —got PRINCIPLEP..—As conductors of a neu tral press, we can not be expected to express a pref trance for this or that principle; but we must re tain the privilege of recommending such of our friends as seem well fitted for any office, to which ever party they may belong. Under the head of "Appointments,' we find that Gov. Johnson has appointed William Linker " Head afeesurer." Since Phrenology has become an item in the bill of rights, or expediencies, we sincerely hope that the claims of our friend, Professor Isaac Dowell, will not bo forgotten. His apparatus for measu ring the organs is ample and accurate, and al though no Duelists ourselves, we go for Dowel for "Head Measurer." I=l HOLDEN'S DOLLAR 31SOAZINE.-TliO present num ber confirms the favorable opinion we have hereto. fore expressed, of the. merits of this valuable publi cation. To families it is what has long been a desideratum, an attractive, useful, and entertaining miscellany; and the price is so very low as to make it the cheapest as well es the best magazine for persons of all ages and conditions, with which wo arc acquainted. Its embellishments arc good; and he must be fastidious indeed, who can not find something to please him, in the great variety which it furnishes. Address, post paid, (Marks E. Holden, N. York I=l LADIES' FAIR.-It will be seen by reference to a notice in another column of to-day's paper, that the Ladies of Rev. Mr. Marlin's (Catholic) congre. gallon of York, purpose holding a Fair for the sale of fancy and useful articles. We !earn that the proceeds are to be appropriated towards the pur chase of a parsonage house. Those of our readers in Columbia and elsewhere, who feel an interest in the object in view are res• ventrally invited to attend, when they will have an opportunity of contributing to the undertaking, in this moat pleasant manner. ===l:l GUBERNATORIAL NOMINATIONS.--The Democratic State Convention which assembled et Harrisburg OD the 30th ultimo., nominated Mosaic Los°. srarrtz, on the fifth ballot, by a vote of 83, to 23 for Col. Bigler, and 25 for Judge Black—a major ity of 35 over both the others. He was then unan• imously nominated for Governor of Pennsylvania. The Whig Convention, on the 31st, nominated the present acting Governor, Wri.t.i.tat F. JOI/NBON, by acclamation. ~~diir. A LADY, in correcting some misstatements of the editor of the Cincinnati Commercial, expresses her doubts as to the possible gentility of conductors and agents on railroads. If we knew tho fair—is she fair 7—correspondent of the Home Journal, we should invito her to pass over our railroads, on her next trip to the Empire city, and be convinced that there arc " gentlemen" in every rank and of every vocation here, if not at the Queen city. Caws_—The Grand Jury, in their report to the last Quarter Sessions of the Peace for Lancaster county, speak very encouragingly of the diminu tion of crime in our county. it being the longest term in the year, yet the criminal owes brought under their notice, are less in number as well ea enormity. =I PLAINFIELD BANE.—It is announced in the New York Sun that the affairs of the Plainfield Bank have at length been wound up, and there are soul. cleat asset:it* pay all the notes in full, This news pill bo rather mortifying to those who wereinduced to part with the notes at the rate of 60 cents on the dollar a few months since. Tar. UNtors MAGAZINZ.—The September No. of this interesting magazine is before us. The cm. banishments for the prevent month aro "The Lost Oil!dm," " The Solitary," t. Fashions," See. The tales, essays, poems, &.e., are excellent. TOE COI.IIIIIBIAN AIAGAZINE for September ie re. attired. The embelliebments are "Monument in Greenwood Cemetery" and " Miranda." The eon. tributiona an usual,—good. ====l SEASON Oa-ca.—The Cape May Season is over. It has been one of unprecedented throng, pleasure and profit Reception of Lien Cochran and his Dien. We noticed in our last paper the "pop visit" which Lieut. Cochran paid us, previous to his and his men's final discharge from the service of the United States Army. We now have the pleasure of an• nouncing to our readers that the Lieutenant and his brave companions in arms (who did the work, as be says) have received their final and honorable discharge; and in anticipation of their return to their families and friends, our citizens have made extensive preparations to give them a hearty "Welcome Home" to the scenes of their youth, which they had left to defend the rights abd honor of their country, and which they had but a faint, glithmering hope of ever again seeing. The following committee has been appointed by the general " Reception Committee" to meet our heroic friends on their arrival at Wrightsville and escort them into town: J. J. Gault, J. Mack, A. P. Mod erwell, A. R. Spangler, J. H. Hunter, Geo. Wulf, N. Sutton, Samuel Shoch, R. Mullison, .1. A. Hook, Wm. Matthiot, J. AV. Cottrell, and J. W. nailer, who will arrive at the east end of the bridge THIS MORNING AT 10 O'CLOCK, where they will be received by our citizens and escorted; in grand procession, through town as per the following FROGR,AMTOTE. ORDER OF THE PROCESSION. Chief Marshal'and Aids. Music—Mechanic? Band. Committee of Arrangements. Lieut. Theodore D. Cochran and Men. Invited Guests. Orator of the day. Chief Burgess and Town Council. L 0. of 0. F. S. of T. 0. of U. A. M. Citizens &c. Retie or PROCE3moN.—Form in Front Street, opposite tho Bridge, move down Front to Union street, up Uniou to Second, up Second to Locust, down Locust to Front, up Front to Walnut, up Walnut to Fourth, down Fourth to Locust, down Locust to the Town Hall, where an Oration will be dela/red by Col. Philip Gossler, after which Dinner will be served up at the Washington Hotel. SAMUEL SHOCH, Chief Marshal. Toms. COLLINS, t J. F. Hoorroet. A. R. Spangler, Wm. Brown, J. S. Given, and Js mos Myers, Assistant Marshals. Columbia, September 2, 1848. POMOLOGICAL CONVENTIONL-A Convention of Fruit Growers is to be held at Judson's Hotel, in New York, commencing on the 10th of October. The objects of the meeting arc to compare fruits from various sources and localities, with a view of arriving at correct conclusions as to their merits, to settle doubtful points respecting them, and to as sist in determining the synonymes, by which the same fruit is known in different parts ()film coon. try, and generally to elicit and disseminate porno logical information, and to maintain a cordial spirit of intercourse among the horticulturists. Persons attending the Convention arc requested to bring with them, carefully labelled, specimens of all fruits grown in their vicinity that may be worthy of no. tire, and if possible a small branch of leaves of each variety. Agricultural and Horticultural Societies arc in• sited to send delegates anti transmit at an early day a list of their delegates to T. B. Wakeman Secretary of the American Institute New York. ANOTIIER DIFFICULTY WITII Mrrxrco.—The Gal veston News, of the Sth, in speaking of the evacua tion of Vera Cruz, has the following paragraph, which wo have not seen previously noticed. The information is derived from Captain Simpson, of the steamer Southener, who says, that when he left on the 2Gth ult., there were eighteen private mer chant vessels in port, which had come loaded with goods, not knowing that the custle and city and custom house, and whole country, had been deliv ered up to the Mexican autliortries. Immediately as these vessels arrived in port, Mexican officers were sent on board and ordered to take charge of them; and this was their situation when the South eerier left. It was said that they all had on board articles that were contraband, according to some Mexican law, and were therefore liable to forfeiture. =GE= A Bre or ROSSANCE.—Among the most devoted advocates of the Ten Hour System in Allegheny city is a young and strikingly beautiful girl, who passes among her companions as the "Unknown." Sho attends all tho meetings, exhibits deep interest in the proceedings, and is said to be the master spirit among the girls—directing all their move.. ments, but without partaking in any illegal acts. Sho is pale, dark eyed girl, with flowing tresses, delicate features, and an expresion of peculiar in. telligence, dignity, and self-posession. Iler figure is correspondingly good. She is said to be a native of Kentucky, and takes part in the movements from purely disinterested motives—not being herself au operative. Joan of Arc may perchance be rivalled by this damsel, and if her arm be as dangerous as her glances, she will be scarcely less formidable. =2 PRESUME rut. ELECTION LAW.-By the act of April 11th, 1846, Assessors are required to open their books immediately after the 2d Tuesday of October, and era reqnired to assess any white freeman ma king application to them at any time within ten days of the time fixed by law for the election of electors for President and Vico President, and to make out lists for the officers of said election, and deliver the same to them on or before eight o'clock on the morning of the election. Vessm. son LIBERIA.-A vessel will leave New Orleans for Liberia in December next. Colored people residing in any of the States in the Valley of the Mississippi, who intend going to Liberia to settle, can be accommodated with a passage in the vessel, by applying to the Rev. William McLain, Washington city, or to Rec. A. ?►S. Cowan, Frank. fort, Ky. 33 An enormous fish, of the whale kind. was Int." ly stranded at Auguadilliv, Porto Rico, measuring fourteen yards long and being twelve yard. in cir cumference at the thickest part. Qrly Woritt '2lbroab. SEVEN DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE. The Britannia arrived at Boston on Saturday, 26th ult., at 2 o'clock, having made the passage from Liverpool in fourteen days. The only material change in the aspect of Irish affairs, is the utter prostration of the hopes of the people, in the arrest of O'Brien and the principal leaders. The fact is, the people showed themselves to be utterly unprepared for a conflict with the British Government; and, at the first overt act of rebellion, forsook their leaders. After O'Brien's arrest, he is said to have expres. sect himself satisfied of the hopelessness of accom plishing his object, and that he was induced to leave his retreat in the mountains because the fut. titer he went, the more the people seemed to fear to harbor him or hold any communication with him. He was arrested at the railroad station at Thurlcs, whilst in the act of procuring a ticket for I Limerick. There, it is said, he intended to take refuge among his friends. Immediately after his arrest, ho was marched to Bridewell, and subse quently conveyed to Dublin, and lodged in KAl mainham jail. His crime is that or high treason, the penalty of which, if enforced, is death. It is intimated in the European Times that the soundness of Mr. Smith O'Brien's intellect was so much doubted, that some of his friend, and rela tions were about to take out a commission of lu nacy, in order to adjudicate on that point. For the sake of the unfortunate gentlemon,and his wife and children, it is hoped that proof to that effect may be given on his approaching trial. The Ist and 2d of Gco. IV., chapter 38, provides that when proof of insanity has been given, that the jury shall find specially as to such insanity, owl whether they Lave acquitted on that account. If so, the Court shall order the prisoner to he kept in strict custody until the plennue of the Lord-Lieutenant is known and he (the Lard• Lieutenant) may make orders for continuing such custody from time to time during pleasure, ' Mr. O'Brien is said to be cheerful, and his wife is allowed free access to him. Other friends arc I permitted to converse with him in the presence of the jail authorities. There does not appear to have been any serious disturbances iti any part of the country since the Cambria sailed, and necording to the English ac counts, it seems quite impossible there should he any so lung us the Government sustains its present attitude of repression. Numerous arrests continue to be made. We no. ticc many. Mr. Cam, Mr. Berger, ship-broker, and Mr. Noland, of the United States. O'Gorman,for whose arrest three hundred pounds is °trend, on attempting to escape from the calm try, was arrested by Coast Guard, after he had crossed the Shannon in an open boat. The notice was forthwith sent to the police, but before they arrived, O'Gorman had persuaded his captors that ho was a mere traveller from Derry to Clare, and was permitted to leave in a boat. He subsequent ly boarded a vessel bound down the Shannon for America, in which he escaped. A war steamer has been despatched after the vessel. Since the arrest of O'Brien, it is said, that, through the influence ore Catholic clergyman, pro. positions have been made front those against whom warrants have been issued, to surrender themselves, if a guarantee were given that the penalty of dealt should not be enforced against them. But a proclamation of the Government, warning all musters of emigrant ships, packets and sea•going vessels that the penally of treason would attach equally to them, should they be con cerned in favoring the escape ninny person whom they shall know as having been engaged in treason. able practices, is looked upon as a virtual answer to this proposition, and indicating the intention or the Government to snake no terms with the ;tn. ' eurgents. The chief consideration in Paris at the present moment, is the critical state of Northern Italy.— Numerous diplomatic meetings have taken place in Paris, and Lord Palmerston, in the English Parliament, hes stated that her Majesty's Govern ment are deeply sensible of the importance 01 ter minating the war, and expressed a strong desire on the part of the government, as well as on the part of the French government, to see its termina tion. Her Majesty's Ministers are already en. gaged, in conjunction with the French government, for that purpose. The last journals (*rim Paris aro wholly occupied with the Italian question. Funds have declined in consequence of the threatening aspect of af fairs. Two thousand of the insurgents of June have been transported to Brest, to be confined there till the government should determine upon their desti nation. It was expected that their families would be allowed to join them. An unsuccessful attempt was made on the .sth inst., to assassinate M. Tillers. A 'hot intended for him was received by a little girl seated at the gate, opposite the dwelling of M. lidera. A De. cree has been published removing the suspension pronounced on the 27th of Juno against twelve Radical Journals. Tho whole breadth of Lombardy has been re traced by the Piedmonteso army. They have bean defeated at every point, and the army is now ei ther shut op in Milan, or has crossed into their own dominions. Recent events in Lombardy have been rapid, de cisive and most unexpected. A short time ago, Charles Albert was a successful conqueror—almost all Lombardy was within his grasp. Now the whole breadth of Lombardy has been retraced by the Piedmontese army, and Charles Albert, utterly defeated at every point, is either shut up in Milan, or, perhaps, has crossed the Mincio into his own dominions. Tlio Prussian capital still contiues to be the scene of political cabal and excitement. The peo. plc are, for the moment, occupied with the renewal or the war with the Danes. The Russians have retired to Jassy ; and the af. fairs of Wallachia seem now to be settled by its occupation by the Turkish forces. The whole range of Eastern Europeseema more or less afflicted by the cholera. Last reports describe the King Of Sardinia's defeat and retreat to Cremona. Here he paused, doubtful whether to cross the Po, towards Placenza' and thus retire into Piedmont, or to fall back on Milan. He withdrew, however, along the upper bank of the Po to Codognu, and then took the man. ly course of moving towards Lodi, so as to place himself between the athancing Austrians and Mi lan. Radetsky, at the head of his army, followed up his successes, raised the peasantry in favor of the Austrians, and seems everywhere to be well re. ceived. He fulminated a fierce proclamatiou, ing upon the Lombards to lay down their arms, In which case a veil would be drawn over their past conduct, but threatening vengeance if they perse. vered in resistance. The question of peace or war between Denmark and Germany rests entirely in doubt whether Den. mark will recognize the German union. Should she recognize the union, negotiations will be im. tnediately commenced for the settlement of the dispute. If; ou the contrary, Denmark refuses her recognition, war will he at once resumed with the military forces of the whole of Germany. In a few words, all the Germans would rise as one man in defence of their nationality, and a desperate war be the result. THE LATEST By the arrival of the Niagara we have the fol lowing additional summary of news of the doings in different parts of Europe: In Ireland the accounts of the potato crops are gloomy, almost without exception or mitigation. Numerous arrests have taken place throughout the country. Among those arrested are Americans who bore a conspicuous part in the attempted re bellion. The Romon Catholic Clergy of Tuam have got up a memorial to the Queen on behalf of the State prisoners, praying that the prerogative of meicy should be exercised in favor or the traitors who recently took up tiring against the crown. An active rhase is kept up both by land and sea fur Mr. Richard O'Gorman. The State Trials ere progressing slowly. An armistice of 4.5 days has been concluded be tween the Austrians and the Piedmonlcse. The Italian journals announce the entrance of the Austrian army, and that the Duke of Modena had returned to his States, assisted by a foreign corps. Much uneasiness prevails in Paris as to the re sult of the publication of the report of the Insurrec tion Committee, and the debate which will follow. On the 6th of August, the Emperor of Austria and the Imperial family left Innspruck for Vienna, where they arc expected to arrive on the 12th and make a solemn entry. Tlie armistice between Prussia and Denmark has been definitely concluded and it is given to be un derstood that the French diplomatic negotiation has, in the latter instance, as in the former joined with England, aided in leading to pacific tendon• cies. Accounts from the Danubian provinces state that Col. Solomon a nd the Hospodar Odabaseo, the chiefs of the reactionary party, have overthrown the Pro visional Government of Wallachia and Bucharest, and the old Cortese° ministry have resumed the reigns of government. Accounts from Catalonia slate that a hand of, Republicans had invaded the province from Prance, and had entered the town of Mausanet do Cubrenis, where they pillaged the house of the Mayor and ex changed some shots with the troops, after which they joined a Montemolinist chief. Engagements between small bodies of insurgents and the Queen's troops arc reported, the most int portant being an encounter at Llona, when the in ' surgents. ZOO in number, headed by Marshall and other well known chiefs, were dispersed, after hay tng had four met, killed, several wounded and mnny horses captured. The Bologna Gazette of the 9th, contains impor tant news. It appears that on the afternoon of the Silt, the Austrian General Wilden, having levied a heavy contribution upon Bologna, and demanded hostages for the payment and for the subjection of the Bolognese. The people rose and time tocsin was sounded. A con2iet ensued, which is said to have been terrible. A telegraphic despatch, received at Turin on the 15?.th, at 7 o'clock, A. M., announces the arrival of Charles Albert at Alessandria. Gen. Walden, who bombarded Bologna, has been disavowed and recalled by his government. Paris wan tranquil on Thursday, but every pre caution to obvinle an outbreak hail been taken. The King of had arrived at Cologne on the 15tit. The reception was enthusiastic and his meeting with the Archduke was cordial. The King of the Belgians had addressed a con• gretulory letter to the Archduke John. The St. Petersburg Journal has received a but. Jelin from the Caucassus announcing the capture of the fortress of Ncsgliebell. The bombardment las ted Grieco hours, when the garrison took to flight. The Stettin grain markets were dull with little alteration in prices. ----.....,,.....J.÷410, INGENIOUS FRAUD UrON TILE POST OFFICE DE FARTmENT.—ThO reports of the special agents of the Post Office Department from time to time, detail some very ingenious attempts on imposition and fraud on the part or persons pretending to remit money by mail. Such occurrences are by no means rare, we are informed; but the following statement exhibits, perhaps more ingenuity and cool calcula tion than arc often resorted to.—lt is an extract from a recent report of the special agent in the sec tion where the case occurred; '• A man by the name bf \V F. Wright, of Cai ro, Greene county, New York, waa indebted to Rev. Mr. B—, of Westville, Connecticut, in the burn of one hundred dollars. Wright went to Cats kill, ten miles distant on the 29th of June last, and called on a clergyman, an acqusintanc of his, and while there, wrote a letter to Mr. B—.stating at the same time to his friend that he wished to re mit in the letter $lOO, and requesting him to ac company him (Wright) to the Catskill Bank for the purpose of obtaining a $lOO bank note in ex change for small bills. The note was placed iti the letter, a wafer obtained of the cashier, and ac companied by his witness, Wright preceded at once to the post office and deposited a letter in the letter bor. On reaching its place ofdestinati on, the letter was opened by the person to whom addressed, ir) the presence of the post-master,but the money was missing. At the bottom of the letter appeared the following notice, written in a very coarse, unnat ural hand; " Mr. B.: I take the liberty to borrow this money, but send the letter that you need not blame the man what sent it to you. POST BOY." Unquestionably a bold robery had been committed by some postmaster or post office cleric, and each one who was favored with an inspectionof the rifled letter expressed his opinion in turn, as to which of the officers through which the letter had passed, was most directly implicated. The case was at once put in the hands of the special agent of the Post Office Department, who, after a full investiga tion, arrived at the following result; The letter, with the message from" Post Boy " affixed, was prepared beforehand, noteven omitting a double and ragged seal. to give it the appearance of having been broken open. On the way from the bank to the post office, this letter was substituted for the one containing the money, and thus the hen. i est witness was completely duped, supposing he had seen theletter and money safely put in the office. In the course of the investigation,proof was ob tained which fixed this attempt at fraud so clearly upon Wright, that he admitted his guilt.—Wash. Union, A GLANCE AT THE STATE OF EUROPE. The peculiar characteristic of the political fer mentation which at present pervades nearly the whole of civilized Europe, is the simultaneous de velopment of Its democratic and national elements. While most of its states are involved in an inter nal struggle for the extension of political rights, most of its races are engaged in an external strug gle for the recognition of their several indepen dences. Europe was never so stirred before— certainly not by the Reformation, and hardly even by the ,invasions of the northern nations. A re action is at once raging against the arbitrary dis tribution of political power maintained by its gov ernments, and against the arbitrary, unjust, and unnatural territorial distribution made at the Con gress of Vienna. Europe, in a word, is in labor with the twin birth of constitutions and of nation alities. Of its five great powers, one alone is partially exempt. While Nature has drawn round Great Britain boundaries more lasting than those of the diplomatists of 1815, her constitution has been prepared by recent ameliorations for further exten sion, and strengthened ageinst the storm. Russia, if enjoying the internal repose tempora rily secured by the semi.eastern barbarism of her scattered tribes, has for years been wasting the blood of her thousands on the heights of the Cau- C 413139, is now secretly intriguing for more ex tended conquest, and is already marshalling her armies on the banks of the Vistula for (as we firmly hope) assured defeat and disgrace. Prus sia, battling with her pedant monarch in the streets of his capital fur her long-promised rights, is seek ing to round the territories of that great national ity which she hopes eventually to sway, with a few . green pastures torn from the Scandinavian peninsula. Austria, that anomalous agglomeration of repugnant races, a prey to central anarchy and provincial rebellion ' and already bereft of the iron crown, clings with blind tenacity to the territory of the doges. France is yet wailing over those who have fallen in the deadliest of social strug gles. Her cities arc beleaguered by her own ar mies, and the streets or her capital are as yet their battle-field ; but who that knows the proneness of her people to clamor for foreign conquest, and of her statesmen to seek a vent for social and politi cal agitation in her lust for national glory, shall say how soon the young generals who DOW sway her counsels :nay not seek a field for their own ambition and a solution of their financial difficul ties in a war of aggression—how soon the eagle or the cock, whichever the emblem of the hour, shall pounce upon the heights of Savoy, and seelt to spread either wing to the waters of the Rhine and of the Gulf of Genoa Of the minor states few present a more Iran. quillizing picture. The half:appreciated liberties of Spain, trodden down in the streets of Madrid by the iron heel of Narvaez, are finding a voice in the provincial risings of her factions. The throne of Portugal rocks under its infatuated occupant. The troops of the Neapnlitan Bourbon are bivou acking at once on the banks of the Adige, the heights of Calabria, and the flags of the Toledo. The Vicegerent of God signs in the Vatican dec larations of war dictated by the burghers of the Corso. Leopold of Tuscany is fain to inerg, the interests of his father-house in the rights of Ital ian independence ; and Charles Albert drowns the cries of internal sedition in the din of a national war. A dozen of political volcanoes are in activ. ity. Such, at this moment, is Europe! Without a doubt, this fermentation must result in a new distribution of territorial power as well us of political rights, and it is of the first moment that this distribution shall be such as may guaran. Ice a permanent and natural state of European i peace—a peace that shall leave no excuse fur the waste of national resources in the maintenance of monstrous standing armies, but shall enable the Tu. rlOlll4 states of Europe to devote all their energies to the development of their political and social wellbeing;—such a distribution, in fact, as shall leave the great changes which the future has doubtless in store (changes far greater than those even contemplated at present) to the peaceful and natural development of the affi'iities of races, tongues, and institutions, 1 To tiring about such a settlement, assuredly no faith is to be placed in a European Congress, from which all our experience has taught us to expect, not peace-making, but misehicfmaking. Just as little trust is to be placed in diplomatic mediation. Yet impartial and judicial advice from our own nation must have its value; and the heated combatants may benefit by her counsels, if given in the spirit of justice and impartiality. At the present moment, the case which most urgently calls for wholesome advice is Italy. A temporary lull of central anarchy has enabled the government of Austria to reinforce the army of Itadetzki with 25,000 men, and emboldened it to lay down as the basis of any settlement of the Ital. ian question, the retention of the Venetian territo ry and the Lotion Tyrol. Laid Palmerston has discreetly as well us gen erously refused to undertake a mediation on any such impracticable basis. Assuredly the resole. Lion is a wise ono ; and we trust that no endeavor will be spared to combat, by the most earnest counsel, an infatuation which, if persisted in, would in all probability let loose the flood-gates of a general European war, and without question end in the ignominious relinquishment by Austria of these territories, without even that adjustment of her financial burdens which some may consider that she has a right to demand, and which she is now in so fair a position to enforce. It is painful to ACC an influential journal and its intelligent cor respondent advocating the adoption of an arrange ment, which would have no other consequence than to leave both to Austrians and Italians a per petual inheritance of heart-burning, without a sin. glo correspondent advantage to either. We can make every allowance for the not un natural indignation of the statesmen of Austria at the successful enterprise of an ambitious rival, and for the still less unnatural desire of her generals to retrieve humiliating defeats, which would dic tate an adherence to their present determination; but we most earnestly deprecate the settlement of the Italian question upon any other basis than the entire abandonment by Austria of purely Italian territory—of every spot where Italian nationality and language arc established. The- interests of Europe—and, we firmly be. licve, the true interests of Austria herself—imper. atively require that the kingdom of Northern Italy shall at once assume u strong and definite position among the states of Europe. The port of Venice is indispensable to the full and free development of the internal resources of Lombardy; while that of Trieste is more than sufficient for the wants of Austrian commerce, even increased, as we hope it is soon to be, by her participation in that great int. tionality which is now struggling into shape, and by the reflux of German civilization through its channels towards that East front whence Teutonic barbarism flowed. The interests of Europe require that Austria shall withdraw within the line which divides the Littoral°, Elyria, and the Austrian Tyrol, from the Venetian territory, and from the properly Ital ian Tyrol. When this arrangement is consum mated, she herself will soon discover that the vul. gar traffic which consists in exchanging salt and iron for silk and hemp, and wine and cheese, will ho more to her honor and advantage then the rule of unwilling strangers, maintained by the brute violence of Croats and bristling fortresses. Free dom can never flourish on the banks of the Dan ube, if the same people are to maintain a hateful tyranny on those of the Adige. When you see a young lady who likes to be con. tinually playing with the gentlemen's hats, tryiag them on, &c., you may be sure she will, some day or other wear the "breeches." "Boy, what is your name?'" "Robert " , sir." "Well, what is your other namo?" " Bob. For the Columbia SpY• ODE TO THE SUSQUEHANNA. EEErmia Snake.like, sneaking Susquehanna, Hybrid : river and savanna, Agno breeding, Bull frog feeding ; Beautiful es a Sultana, Lovely, sickly Susquehanna! Never on thy wave the steamer Wakes the basking turtle—dreamer In the sun ; or break.' the slumber Unless, indeed, a raft of lumber Strike the rock With crashing shock, Of the mottled water Snake, Or Crane, or Heron make a break^ Upon the Morphean victim, tearing His Joseph garment past repairing. When seething 'heath the summer sun Thou 'rt very fair to look upon ; But death unto the looker's liver Ast thou,-thou syren-smiling river. (Do syrens smile, or only sing? My el.tssie lore a'int just the thing; would my memory bump were bigger, But if I err, I " cut the figure") And when the winter -torrents raise thee. The lumbermen and pilots praise thee, While the poet, Fancy's creature, Caught by loveliness of feature, Raises Pman and Hosanna To the charms ef Susquehanna. And doctors smile while gazing on thee; And pour their banisons upon thee. They love thee well, thou " gay deceiver," Exhaustless source of Bilious Fever: And thou art very beautiful, Although of " Ague Mixture" full; And there's a" world of romance" floating On and about thee—instance, boating ; When Gen'ral Butler's tin horn's tune, Beneath the softly radiant moon Is blended with the bass notes deep Of bull-frogs grumbling in their sleep. But, " false as fair," I here declare, • In solemn and emphatic verse, No song of praise To the I'll raise ; But rather the direct—reverse. Would that with tempests I could plague you, Vast fountain of the 3rd day ogee! =!= CHOLERA AND hltagurrisai.—Coneeiving that the following facts may be interesting at the present time, I beg to forward them for insertion in the Antheneum. The Manchester Guardian, quoting a letter from St. Petersburgh, says ;—" A very im. portant discovery has recently been made here, which clearly proves that the malady is in the air, and that, therefore, quarantines are utterly useless. The air here has had a very singular effect on the magnetic power. Whilst the cholera was at its height, the action of the magnet was nearly nen tt alized ; which, now the disease is gradually sub siding, assumes by degrees its former power. A magnetic block which used to carry 80 Ills, would, during the worst lime of the cholera, not carry above 13 lbs. Its strength has now increased a gain to 60lbs. The electro•mugnetie telegraph at one time would not work.; IL was also recently mentioned in the Lancet that, during the prevalence of Asiatic cholera in London, there was a cessation of the disease at St. Cite's after a violent thunder storm. It is worthy of notice that, in the present year, during the worst period of the cholera at St. Petershurgh, the potatoes in this country have been again attacked with disease. The following experiment tends to connect this also with the state of the atmosphere : Dividing a piece of sound potato into two, I passed About a dozen very weak electric shocks through one of them and placed both in a plate with a little water. In twenty-four hours the piece that had received the shock was brown and rotten at the part where the fluid had entered, and in four days it had become a mass of black and brown fetid tnatter. The ether piece was partially dissolved by the water, but not in the least discolored, and smelt perfectly fresh.—The Sherborns Journal, detailing the failure of the po tatoes near Taunton, says that fever is also very prevalent there, but cannot tell whether it is pro duced by the effluvium arising from the rotting crops, or whether the state of the atmosphere is the cause of both calamities. I leave the reader to make his own inferences as to the connexion axis. tang betaken the above. I am, &c. Portsmouth, Aug. 3. &nix J. LANE. WRIGHT'S Indian Vegetable Fill•, in addition to being, one of the best tint...Mhous medicine in the world, possesses a power in removing pains which is truly aston ishing. Four or five of said Indian Vegetable Pills, taken every night on going to bed, will in a short lime com pletely rid the body of those morbid humors which, if lodged in the liver. ore the cause of pain in the side, some. times extending through to the shoulder blade, difficulty of breathing, nausea and sickness. loss of appetite, cos tiveness, indigestion, flatulency, swarthy or yellow com plexion, and other 53 mptoins of an inflammation or torpid state of the Wright's Indian Vegetable Pills also thoroughly cleanse the stomach and bowels of all bilious humors, and other Minority. and therefore arc a certain cure for colic. dys entery. cholera :imams , and every other disorder of the intestines. They also aid and improve digestion, and eonsrqucntly give health and vigor to the whole frame, us well as drive disease of every name front the body. llgwartim or COCNTSIWEITS AND hat7ATIONS.--11eMcM• her. that the original and only genuine Indian Vegetable Pills have the written BignatUre of iVrI.LIAM Wninur on the top label of each box. irpTlic genuine for sale by FR't' dr SPANGLER, who are the only nuthorired Agents for Columbia. Also, by agents advertised in another columns. Principal Office, HD, Race Street, Philadelphia. Zlje ,iflarlicts. PHILADELPHIA. August 13, 1848 Flour—Ss 50 a 5 22 for good old stock Penna and Western, and $5 for good fresh ground ; Rye flour $3 814 a 3 1:173 ; Corn meal $2 75 2 87i. Grain—Wheat 81 10 a 1 12 for good Penn ; Rye 70 a 71 for Penn ; Corn 58 a 59 fur yellow Penn. Iron—PennaPigM3 a 27 per ton for Anthracite, and $25 a3O for Forge and Foundry Metal. Bar Iron ranges from 870 to 75, and Blooms $55 to 70. Lumber—The supplies are increasing. Cargo sales of Yellow Pine Boards at $l5 a 16 per M.; Susquehanna ,$ll a 15; Hemlock Joists, $7 a 7 50; Scantling 87 a 8. Laths—Ara in fair demand, with pales of 150,• 000 Eastern at $1 20 a 1 25 per M. BALTIMORE August, 31, 1848. The flour market at the elooe was firm, after an active demand at easier rates; sales at $ 5 37}.. Sales of white wheat at $1 OS a 1 18, and red wheat 81 04 a 1- 07; oats 33 a 35. Prrtsawto, August 31,1848 The flour market is firm. with good Eastern and• home demand. Sales at 84 373 a 4 44. Wheat commands 80 to 81 cents ; yellow corn 31; oats 195 Rye is lower. and barley is heavy and inactive.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers