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Newton and Locke.
.8 EDITORS :—The surprise ex
. the-mind of your correspondent,
by Mr. Buckle's statement regarding
irodoxy of Newton and Locke, -was
very natural, and his no doubt
'elt by many •other readers of the
ay of Civilization." Newton—
his epitaph in Westminster .Abbey
s as "an ornament of the human
'ho asserted in his philosophy the
' of God, and exhibited in his con
m simplicity of the Gospel ;" Locke
whom, for a century or more,
without exaggeration, have been
Dante's notice of Aristotle,
head of the philosophical family,
iter of those who know": these
on are so frequently and. familiarly
to as examples of the highest in
paying homage to Christianity, that
naturally startled by the statement
bey did not hold the doctrine of the
respecting the Trinity. .
yet those who have any oonsidera-
Aintance with recent Sooinian Were
so aware that the upholders 'of the
no creed, are wont to claim both
and Locke as its adherents.; a
which has ooeasionally been honestly
;h a mere denial as founded upon
e, or as being pure misrepresents-
NoW as " only truth is beautiful,"
no thoughtful believer in the doe
of the Trinity would be shaken in
'id, though it should appear that
Newton nor Locke received it, it
ieems proper that the foundation,
' of rock or of sand, upon which
id the assumption of the Unitarians
the startling declarations" of Mr.
i, should be more generally known.
in we remember that Newton wrote
vely on theological •subjeots, and
mke published a treatise On " the
lablenese of Christianity," and a
rase of St. Paul's Epistles, it seems
that any room was left for doubt in
to the opinion or either of them on
iitient and central a doctrine. Yet
is the ease, as will appear from the
I g statement.
4, as to Sir Isaac Newton. From
Fe,
by Sir David Brewster, we gather
of the following particulars bearing
his alleged 'heresy. Our references
le to the first form or edition of the
which appeared in 1831; the greatly
id edition of it which was published
or eight years ago, not being at hand.
be premised that Sir Isaac was ex
sensitive to public
. opinion, and
dread 'of controversy was so great,
withheld for a time some of' his
mportant labors and most brilliant
iries, in order to avoid the disputes
'tendons to which they might give
At the same time, we are told, he
vedingly free in communicating to
'fidential friends his opinions and
'ceases and results of his researches.
tat remember, too, the character of
lin which he lived; notwithstanding
'volution, so illiberal and intolerant
‘e spirit of the time, that it was dan-.
for any one to publish opinions that
be construed into heterodoxy. Cer
a member of either of the two great
:shies, a Fellow of a College, could
io anything more likely to injure
'troy his worldly prospects.
chap. xvi, p. 254, of the Life, Sir
l Brewster says: " We know that Sir
was greatly offended at Mr. Whistou
;fug represented him as. an Arian,
to much did he resent the conduct of
Friend in ascribing to him heretical
ins, that he would not permit him to
toted a Fellow of the Royal Society
he was President." We do not
however, that he denied the truth ,
.t allegation. Indeed, when we con
the
i high and honorable character of
,n, the circumstances of the case lead
think that the representation did not
of denial and that he regarded
in as meriting resentment and pun-
It for needlessly exposing him to in
oy a breach of confidence in betraying.
.ieologioal views. The Mr. Whiston
referred to, is the one known to every
as the translator of Josephus; he was
itimate friend of Sir Isaac Newton,.
'tit his deputy and then his successor
lessor of Mathematics at Cambridge.
adopted and published Arian opia
e was expelled from the University;
Iprived of his office.
Jut the year 1890, Newton was much
ryed in researches respecting the
moies, and both in conversation and
ters, discussed the subject with his
Locke. In one of these letters, da-
February 7, 1690, he writes : " The
of man,(Dan. vii,) I take to be the same
the Word of God upon the white
in heaven, (Apoo. xii,) for both are to
the nations with a rod of iron;'but
'e are you certain that the Ancient of
is Christ ? Does Christ anywhere sit
a throne f" -
le time before this date, Sir Isaac
addressed two letters to Locke, eon
ig "an account of two notableeorrap
of Scripture." This treatise was
published in 1754, many years after
author's death. It relates to two texts
le t epistles of St. John and St. Paul.
. first is the celebrated passage, 1. John
7, and the second is 1. Tim. iii : .7
int is the mystery," etc. Both these
;es are rejected by Newton, the for- '
as spurious and the latter as a false
ig ; and their rejection is justified at
length. However, some orthodox
logiani have agreed with him in this,
the criticism would hardly ever have
rise to the charge of heresy. Yet
regarded by many as confirming the
egation of :Winston.
In a note on p. 254 of the Life, Sir David
ewater says : "We know not on what
thority Dr. Thomson , states, in his ,
istory of the Myst Society, that New- *I
, ' did not believe in the Trinity,' and '
lat Dr. Horsley . considered : . Newton's
pers . unfit for publication,_. because
ey contained proofs of his hostility
that doctrine." These papers were
tblished some years ago by Dr. Brewster,
I the enlarged edition of his Memoirs.
a the sketch of Newton's life in the New
anerioan Cyolopindia, it is said: " There
i n o doubt that Newton was hostile to the
Dctrine of the Trinit3r. Indeed, the pub
cation of several of his private papers. in
Ir D. Brewster's Memoir, places the filet
F his entertaining Arian opinions' beyond •
aestion."
*Vidi '1 maestro di color ahe sanno,
Seder fit:modes famiglia.
let IT.
VOL. XII. NO. 25
.ON Sr. CO,
PITTSBURGH, PA
In regard to Locke's deviation from ortho
doxy, it is not •possible, we believe, to affirm ,
anything so apparently conclusive as con
cerning Newton's: Yet we do not think
that Mr. Buckle's declaration does him in
justice. We think thus, though as we have
neither Locke's works nor Lord King's
Life of the philosopher within reach, we
are compelled to depend mostly upon mem
ory in our attempt to state - briefly what we
suppose to have been his relation to the
doctrines of the Church. On the one hand
'it is certain that Locke lived and died in
the communion of the' Clitireh Of Etiglaed
but this fact will not settle .his 'Soundness
In the faith, in the estimation of those who
remember that a distinguished Bishop of
Llandaff, was for Tears in 'the habit of talk
ing coarse Socinianism at his own Episco
pal table. Though. always thoughtful in
respect to .religion,.yet until a late period
of his life f LookeAppeits to haver looked at
Christianity rather as a philosopher end
statesman, than as an earnest inktilkinto
its personal elaima.. Conseientiouftiicrriples
as to important doctrines,. prevented him
from taking orders. , After the Revolution
of 1688, he was consulted by the king'and
his ministers, as .to the best modeof ad
justing the .distracted cow:Mien, Of relig
ious affairs in England. It wee-to-aid the
government -in effecting a reconciliation ind
union of the various sects and parties, that
he wrote his' treatise on . the Reasonahlettess
of Christianity. In writing this-Essay, his
point of view .was the- Church, tilt" great
historical Church in contradistinction to
all sects, or parties tending to become sects.
Tn it he tries t6.determine what points of
belief were common to all the Christian
sects, in order to aid in forming a plan of
union. Deeming the English Church the
most comprehensive basis of union, and
upholding its doctrine'as'true, and at the
same time explaining them so as to bring
them within the grasp of reason, he seems
to have thought that, all parties within its
pale, and all the, chief sects outside of it,
might be brought .to live toe s ether quietly
and harmoniously -within its fold. Hence
when, on the appearance of this treatise,
he was charged withtiocinianism, he would
never admit that he had written a word
against the doctrines of the Church. Nor
did .he, probably, in fact; ever publish a
sentence which conflicted- with those doe:
trines rationally- interpreted, as he, believed
that they ought to be interpreted. Still
many who did not pretend to discern 'SO - -
einianismin the treatise, thought it unsat
isfactory and latitudinarian, and that it be
trayed a great want of appreciation of the
supernatural element in Revelation. And
we believe that the book has Always been
more highly esteemed among Unitarians
than among the orthodox.
blorell in - his History of Modern Phil
osophy, page 511, speaks of Unitarianism
as "that system of Christianity Which
sprung originally from a sensational-philos
ophy."' 'And we know that the professors
of that creed, have long been accustomed
to appeal in support of their peculiar views,
with still more confidence to thephilatiplijr.
of Looke;than to his theological writings.
Certainly we suppose, his philosophy .has
done more for them .than his theology.;
The great historian, Dr:liarl Rase, in his
Compendium of Curch History—p. 498,.
Leipsio, 1858—has correctly defined Locke's
theological position, in a few words;
remarking that " his philosophy demanded
for sensational experience at least the lint
voice in the realm of spirit
. (ins Reiche der
Geister) and for every religious belief per
fect freedom, though he would not have it
said that he was hostile to the doctrines of
the Church." (obwohl er einen Gegensatz
wider die Sirchenlehre nicht wort hate?'
?collie.) •
When some years ago, with these prepos
sessions rPspectingt his religious opinions,
we read his. Life and Letters, edited' by.
Lord King, we were sorry to - be confirmed
in the impression that the great John
Locke was almost, if not altogether, a So
°in i an. According to recollection, a passage
in his Journal regarding the ante-Nicene
fathers, appeared to indicate this most
clearly, while the general tone of his allu
sions to the controversies of- the time, ap
peared to point in the game direction.. if
our impreasion is erroneous, we shall , be
thankful to have it corrected. How gladly
should we find ourselves mistaken! Who
that loves sound doctrine; would not rejoice
to see the names of bo Newton and
Locke ranged among those a! its recognized
friends, if not active supporters.
Report of , the Religious Uonditiou of Colleges,
Read before the Society of _lnquiry, Wes
tern Theological Seminary, Feb: 25th,
1864: Published by request.
A College is a miniature world. Isolat
ing itself from the great outer world, it
contains within itself complete sys
tem of politics and government; of aris
tocracy and democracy; of morality. and
religion. Here are the statesman and the
politician; the lawyer and the Physibian ;
thabusiness man and the gentleman; the
laborious, active thinker,, and the - lazy, in
dolent lounger; the man of faith, and the
man who will believe nothing which he
cannot understand; the min of intellect
and the man of heart. Here, too, are the
legalist, who boasts of his morality; the
rationalist, who makes reason his god ; and
the idealist, who 'believes only in mind and
spirit, but takes action on the eiatter. Tfie
active Christian too t is here, and the active
infidel; the cold professor, and the careless
sinner; the preacher of peace, and the fo
menter of strife. Here, too may be found
all the various motives, good or evil, which
impel men to action, both in secular and re
ligious affairs--ambition, pride of intellect,
self-love, - emulation, *We, lust, philan-'
thropy, patriotism, and love to God.
-Such is the tact and power with which a
young man's, principles, are tried, that they
are either.purified,,a4 the gold, or burned
up as the- chaff and stubble; and the young
man who came a respecter of religion, with
few exceptions, goes away either its avowed
friend, or open despiser. In word, it is
the great outer world acted in miniature.
If - this were all, we might pass it by'as we
would an historic drama in a theatre: But
whertwe remember that it is not M erely a play
ful mimicry of men and things, but the train
ing of athletes before the _public games—
the brigbtening of armor and sharpening
of weapons before; the deadly conflict—the,
drilling of, armies before the battle ; -.and
instead of them imitating the world, the
world is imitating them ; that these are tile
ver,y,men, who, in '.a few years, are to rule ,
the world, both civil and ecclesiastic; and
those the motives tad principles-which will
govers t them; it up then that the keen° ba.
•
.1 ,
( 36 . -, CV
,TI log ,
,Ai . riait
t 1 '
anntr
....Arts• t
s ...._.-i
R. E. W..
PITTSBURGH, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 9, 1864 WHOLE NO:
comes intensely interestin9, and the whole
affair becomes a reality of the greatest im
portance to every lover of God, or his
country.
They are representative men—they be
lon to the Church and State, and as such
are deserving of their attention, sympathy
and prayed,; and as such we present them
before, you to-day.
• This day has been set apart by all evan
gelical denominations throughout the land,
as a day of special prayer for Colleges, and
institutions of learning, and we are now
met for that purpose. • Your' Committee
have described, thus - at=-length, College
-men and College life, in order that the re
port might be, as is evidently intended, a
remembranner, and a stirrer-up of our zeal
and earnestness in their behalf, by present
ing before our minds the: student, in all his
importance, relations and necessities, with
every, possible incentive, whether eneourw
in g or - disceuregiag, to, wake us up to more
earnest prayer and wrestling at the throae
of grace in his behalf. ,
The reports from the Colleges, of their
religious condition, although not as favor
able as we might wish,, are yet, in the main,
encouraging. The statistical ; part of the
report is aft follows:.:
COLLEGES.,,
Amherst College, Massachusetts,
Beloit College, Wisconsin,
Brown University, R. I .
Bethany Collegd, Writ Va.,
Dartmouth. College,
Denison .University, Ohio,
Dickenson College, Pennsylvania,
Fraoklin College,
Franklin and Marshall Colleffe,
(lemma College, N. V., •
Hamilton College, N. Y.
Hanover College, Indiana,
Harvard College, Massachusetts,
Jefferson College, Pennsylvania,
KIIOX College, Illinois,
-Lafayette College, Pennsylvania,
Lawrence College, Wisconsin,
Madison University, N. Y.,
Marietta College, Ohio '
bliddleburj College, Vermont,
Oberlin eollege, Oslo,
Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg,
Princeton College, N. J.,
Rutgers College, N. J.,
Blinitleff College,
State University, Indiana,
Union College, New-York,
Bowdoin College,
University of Lewisburg, Pa.,
University of New-York, N. Y.,
University of Rochfieter, N. Y.,
University of Michigan,.
University of Vermont, '
Wabash College, • -.
Washington College, Pennsylvania,
Wesleyan University, Con nectiont,-
Wesleyan University. Ohio, .
Western Reserve College, Ohio,
Wittenberg College, Ohio,
Williams Voilege, Masachusetts,
Waterville, College, Maine.
Yale College, Mossachusett,
The Committee, last year, reported 22
Colleges; 3,384 Students, 1,308 Professors,
579 Candidates, and 18 Missionaries: This
gives an average attendance to each College,
kit year, of about 154 Students, 58 Profes
sors, 26 Candidates, and 1 Missionary. This
year the average is about 121 Students, 55
Professors, 25 Candidates, and 4 waver-,
sloes. The average decrease per College,
83 Students, 3 Professors, 1 Candidate:
From these figures it will appear that at
the beginning of the , year there -.tvere
2,090 non-professors "in attendance, 162 of
whom were converted, or about one in every
eighteen. The figures also show that . the
general attendance in College is less this
year than last; yet the proportion of candi
dates for the ministry is gretter.
Six Colleges report a revival during the
year. Hamilton: .College,', N. Y., reports
nineteen conversions. The revival has
ceased, but there is still a good degree of
interest. .
Shurtleff College "is now enjoying a
precious and powerful revival ; fifteen ve
made profession of their faith, and More
are inquiring!'
In Wabash College a revival immediate
ly followed the day of prayer, last Febru
ary, resulting in fifteen.conversions.
The University of Robliestei, N. Y., re
ports a revival during the year—ten con
versions. .
Wittenberg reports a revival last Winter.
The: Ohio Wesleyan Univerinty " is now
enjoying a very precious revival season.
More than, twenty students have professed
conversion within a- few days, ands many
more are: serious."
Several of the Colleges. make the re
quest: "Brethren, pray for us." -" We
desire an. interest in your prayers." Oth
ers have only the remark "No special in
terest here.'
From the Report of the Board of Edu
cation ; for the year 'ending May Ist, 1863, ,
we learn _the following facts : Up to the
year 1860, the number, .of candidates for
the ministry, received under its care was
steadily-increasing, but from that time the
number diminishes rapidly. In 1860 they
received 181 new candidates; in '1861,-
156; in 1862, 74; in 1863, 38. Showing
the alarming- decrease, in three years, of
275 candidates, or an average of about 90
per year; - the decrease-in 1863 alone being
143. -This' is a descending series,-in which
May 41st ; 1864, will , give the last of the
series.
These facts look rather discouraging, and
seem to indicate a swims diminution in the
ranks'of the ministry, just when they are
most needed. The full, effect of this rapid
.. change his - not yet been felt in our Semi 7
naries. The influx of candidates' is like a
'rise in a river, which commences getlerally.
near.itir source,. and is a long.time ifl 'mach.
iug its mouth. -The increase ;of; candidates
for the-ministry .begins - first in-the Acade.
my, then in College, and then in the , Semi,
nary.. And so also the decrease begins
first in the Academy, then in- the College,
then the Seminary, and lastly in. the min.
istry
• Various a reasons might be given to account
for this rapid decrease, but they will- doubt•
less occur to your own minds• without an
enumeration there. The great question
with us is, what is to be done to fill up the
ranks, quit to meet the. increasing demand,
for faithful laborers in the vineyard of =the
Lord.? to induce a larger -proportion of our
pious young men now: in Colleges or. Aced ,
emies, to consecrate themselves to the work
of the ministry ? and to bring about. the
conversion of those yet unconverted,` that
they - might take part with us in the gfOri
ons work of dhiistianizing.the - World ?
Ist. We would remark negatively that it
.cannot be an intelleetual knowledge of the
,Truth that is wanting. They are blessed
with the best 'minds: in the country, and
have, an open Bible Before them, with all
the necessary helps. — . No class, of 00112/1111-
nity is more highly favored with the public
meanikof grace, than the Student. He has
everyiudueementin the way of preachicg,
,exposition, invitation, Ind' entreaty to ac-
oept the Gospel--si to tielieve in the Lord
Jesus Christ and be 4iveti."
2d. What_we dd need is the blpssing of
God—the outpouring of his Holy Spirit
upon the heart and conscience—that the
Lord would-work in them both to will and
to do of his good pleasure. But these blew=
sings are only :give in answer to mayor.
" Yet for all these logs, will. Ibe inquired
of by the house of 2 ael to do it for them;
I will increase the ith men like a fl ock"
—men in the Chur men filled with the
Spirit and love of ed, are what we want'
at the present time. for the work; Oar
duty, then, in the ease is- plain—it is to
pray—pray. earnestl*---pray -fervently. for
God's blessing. '::,,, ,
The motives to r 4y for the student are,
various. . , , ,
Ist. A. motive may.74)e , &awn from their
importance.WS n class.', t Here aro,,getke.rally ;
.educated the inftuentlitjewittthe 6 4o4
--statesmen
...lawyers;,,denters,. nainisters,
professors,2editork anthors, and literary
men in general. , , TheK men Imre acquire,
haliits and . principles, wild". follow. them
through life. .
2d. Another motive •may be drawn from,
their peculiar necessities and temptations.
No one is more expoied to temptations of
.every kind thin the 'College student, and'
those only who have thernselves experienced
them, can fully sympatlktpwitkhim.
3d. A third motivOld 'the great neces
sity for godly Men, at. the present time,
both in Church and State. Never was
there a time in the his. Cory of our nation
when Christianity waamore needed in our
legislative halls,.,_and at< the head of our
armies. 'We have cotheio a great crisis in
affairs. Old principles'ind . modee of action ,
are being abandoned; the hai3e
,of opera
tions is being Changed; and wepeed men
of principle and religion to fix the char-.
acter of the new. The ship: of 'State' has
long been drifting before ,tie` wind, but the
alarm has been given front the masthead,
" Breakers ahead." She' changing her
tack, and the storm is howling in her'_rig
ging ; we want men to man her who are in
sympathy with the great Captain. • This
is no time for mutiny, ors inaction, or wrong
action.
R l e
kc
Y P 11 • A,
a IV
t - t g
0 , 0
K.
.44
R
E
10
2
11
10
114
137
86
432
120
So also in the Church. It seems as if
this was the time when The devil had
coma down to earth, having great wrath,
because he knoweth thakrhe hath but a
short time." We need leirried Men, and
men endued with the power of the Holy
Spirit to resist all his manifold acts and
devices for the destruction of souls.
We ought to pray not only for those now
in our institutions, but also that more - of
our young men might be induced to turn
their attention in that direetion. The'
present seems dark and discouraging,;' yet
who knows but under this thick cloud, this
frowning providence, God may be 'hiding
a smiling face, and sending us blessings in
disguise I Thousands of our. young men
are taken away from the activelmsiness of
life—where " the almighl dollar s " was, all
their thoughtand %fele t - hey : have
:tithe to think,:and, witli..diathstaring - them
in the face, they doi think as they _never
thought before on the subject ,of religion -
Thousands Are turning to the Lord.lt, is
stated 'elf one convalescent'camp alone, in
Massachusetts, that twenty-four thousand
Christian soldiers hard? Passed= through it,
six thousand of whom mere converted there.
This is but one example out of many which
might be mentioned. Who knows but
from that patriot band, returning home in
triumph from the conquest of their coun
try's foe, it is God's design to recruit the
army of " the Great Captain of our salve . -
tion with such numbers as the world has
never witnessed ? Take Courage, brethren,
and pray for the seldier. It ought greatly
to encourage us; that Goa in _former- times
has answered special, prayer ori this day:
The day of prayer has been associated with
the commencement of nearly all revivals
of religion 'in Colleges..for years past.
It has a happy effect upon the mind of
the student to know that his friends are
"praying for him at home. The announce-,
went of the suspension of, the regular,ex
ereises, and the meeting for - prayer, leads
the careless to think, or, perhaps a letter
from a pious mother, or kind sister, assuring
him that, he will be especially remembered
on that day. When studf has been laid
aside and:all are assembled, for prayer, and
the man of God, standing in his place, re
counts the mercies ,or the past year, and
reminds him that i pn that very day and,
hour nearly every church in the land is
filled with worshippers,praying—for him,
and that church at home, and the horns
circle are remembering the absent one,
it is then that the heart begins to feel. On
such eceasions we have seen the tear
trickle doWn the cheek,.from eyes unused
to, weeping, and the bowed head, - coneealing
the tear they have vainly striven to sup
press. A sympathetic - chord has been •
touched, and the whole heart vibrates.Ao
the touch.
71
68
18
41
103
i
Offl
1 96 22521
Let us take courage, then, brethren, and
pray for the students, not. may th-day, hut
through the year? knowing: that " the
&arts of all men are in the, hands .of the
Lord," and he is _the. hearer and answerer
.
of prayer. J. GLITEN
Chairman of Committee.
Homeis a-swestgrord. It falls like.murt
sic on the ear ~,Who does t anClove, to,
hear it ? What Atillowed. tulsoo4tions.
suggests! What happy scenes erop:t into
view at its very mention ! It calls.temind
the little yard with-its green sward, *here
brotherkand Slaters played, where the Sum-'
mer sun was shining. It calls to mind the
bright fire on the hearth, around which we '
gathered when the Winter wind blew; chill
and Cold. We think or the family altar,
around Which we' bowed morning and eve
ning. 'We think or the cifferings Placed
upon it—of the fervent prayers our sire -
fered up. Ali Itthesetare isMied - meinories.
How dear :to -the heart is ohildhood6s home
Return to it whentyou twill, you are sure of
a welcome-1 datheets' 'kind grating, a.
mother's fond kiss. Formeicp and months
you look forward to' the' trine when you
shall - ageittifind-shel ter under the*=paternal
'roof. - Going , homel: the very thought-alit
- fills you withjoy.
May a home
,on : earth, be such au Attrao
tire spot, and Visits to it. so refreshing
What„then Must tie home' of the, Christian}'
be, the home to *hitch hastens, the,.,
better world.! When the day's w„Crk
done, the weary laborer goes home„ to rest."'
When we havefihislipd the work given elf ' '
to do, we shall enter upon the refit that ke:
maineth for the people of,God.
" Going describes the . 01tristiarr
t,t describes the - 81,
ler the Preabyterise, Banner
goincilome.
life. He is not at home hero. He is a
pi/griur ; but he is journeying homeward.
Sometimes an ho ascends a mountain top of
promise, and there are no clouds in-the sky,
he is eheered,by a glimpse of his Father's
house; and as he gazes with eager delight,
he seas his elder brother standing there
and bajkoning him on. Is ,the way rough
0r.4,11in4? a, sweet voice whispers, "Faint
P 4 Stit s hy Jabots Will soon have an end."
We're, going home. Soon the Jordan
will be Passed. :Soon shall the pearly gates
apriear. Then, with rapture, we shall.
Shout.:
" Glory- to God! an our dangers are o'er,
We standseottre on the glorified shore,
Glory;VOW! we Will shout evermore,
We're home at last." -
G. Y. N
4 10,0W44/4) t"-
Iltnnt. • •
Celestial world t if o'er thy blaze
Thick clouds of darkness have been thrown,
Which mock themorldlines idle,gaze,
And veil•the High and Holy One, --
Who - dwelth aliproaChless and alone—.
To the believer's Ardent eye;
That virorld . displaysits glories wide ;
Its pearly gates befoia him Ice,
He seei3, in 'floollB of ehryttal,glide.
Througiestreets of gold, the heavenly tide.
He sees the angels .
round the throne,
Of niartyra and Of saintt3—the hosts ;
His Saviour and his Judge are one—
"I is in hie righteousness he trusts,
No merit, of his own he boasts.
(Y house of Israel! atthy hands
What asks thy "God in sacrifice ?
The faith'hezave thee,`he demands:
Kept up inlively exerdise,
To train thee for thy native skiei.
Heirs ,of the purchase ! whose abode
In grace a Father's love seCures :
Arise to gloiy—rise to God;
Behold, the promises are'yours,
The• strength ,that to the end endures;
Lord, while;to thee, our hearts are lift,
And bring our offetigs to the shrine :
Thine is. the altar and the gift; -
The glory and the praise be thine,
Fountain of life and love Divine !
.EUROPEAN CORRESPONDENCE.
LONDON, Fel+. 13, 1864
DEFEAT of the Danes is no surprise
to those who consider the very small force
which, they could oppose to a multitudinous
invasion, and that thefamons -fortifications
of the Danewerk comprised as extent of
not less that thirteen English . miles to be
defended," Very severelosses were inflict
ed by.the Danes, on their enemies, and pre
cious dives have been sacrificed on- both
sides. Prussia is the guiltier of the two
parties who -pushed
,matters, to a conflict;
and more than that, she has had ulterior
designs. The -Austrian Government ,no
doubt obeyed the popular will, but her
views are 80. moderate, that even as I write,
she is belieired to he favorable to the pro
posal of, the 'British Government, Which
has the concurrence of France, Russia and
Sweden. The Emperor, of Austria, "Kill
considers himself bound to -uphold, the
London treaty, and Would not countenance
any attempt...o2 dismember the German
Monarchy : ~ ,AusVisis- obliged to-recall-to
the memory of the Prussian Cabinet, that
.she is hound .to prevent political agitation
in Holstein in favor of the Duke - of Au
gustenburg. He has been . proclaimed
there ; , nowitlistanding. The . Lieutenant
General commanding the Prussian troops
did not : interfere, as he had received orders
not to meddle with : politics."
Germany may yet suffer sorely for her
violent shedding- of blood,' especialry if
their object be disintegration. The revo
lutionary party in. France, Italy and Hun
gary are in favoiof the annexation of the
Duchies to Germany, because the people
are for the most yart German in blood,
" but if they do rejoice in it, it is that they
may be enabled, at no distant period, to in
voke, in favor of other provinces, the right
which Germany, exercises?' They main
tain that on the same principle, there is no
just_ reason for Austria to oppose Italy in
seeking to possess Venetia, Par - Venetia is
Relian t a.nd not Austrian. -Besides,, the.
German people, so -eager- in their sympa
thies for Gentians in the Duchies whewere
ruled by foreigners, should not be sur
prised, when Hungarians, Poles, and Ital
ians, to whose allegiance. Austria and Prus
sia save ne better title, shall. proceed to
shake off rulers who are no less aliens in
their eyes than is Denmark: Germany . can
not plead, the same time, the right of na
tionalities and the right of conquest. If
" autonomy be good for Holstein it cannot
he bad for Venetia, Hungary,' and:Gallieia."
The -Emperor, Napoleon, it is believed,
is strongly urged by 'his counsellors to
profit by the arguments thus furnished
by the Conservatives of Germany. . He is
reminded that Germany is now no longer
divided; .but Prussia and Austria, as two
military powers, are one, and that the only
security for France, will - be, to reorganize
Europe" on the solid basis" (not of trea
ties, but) "of nationalities." Italy, he is
told, is "waiting for the first signal from
:Paris to perfect her unification ' , and in
point, ,of fact; .armies and levies .are being
gathered. Poland. still struggles on, with
the hope, of, reconstruction ; a. Sean
dinavian.Kinlem and ,a Confederation
. of
the Dapubia Frani* .a
vast.advets *graver Russia And "o ! 3rmatay.
,Treaties ,beingraow torn ,to pieces, es they
are, each Power has a right to leak to its
own interests.,
,
Such," says the,Times correspondent at
Vienna ' "Are the reflections which often
recur to the Emperor's own, mind,., and
which are not always kept secret from those
Who approach * What they may end
•
in, it hard to say. He is known to hes
itate ; ,but he • never abandons an idea he
has long caressed, except when the carry -1
ing-out is proved to be impossible."
It is' probable that peace may be restored
:by Schlestbig being given back to Den-
Hmark: Meanwhile, much misery has foi
-1 lowed this invasion-0 both sides it has
brought sorrow 'and death. - Among the
li officers badly wounded in the Austrian
army, is the Duke, of Wurtemburg, shot in
the cheat, whose brigade suffered:Uterrible
.less - Of - 62fidolnding /7 -- officers'in' the
pursuit of the Danes, Hd is „hut thirty-six
.years '_of age, s has*' hien in many fields '_or
`conga received eighteen wounds before;;
and after the campaign in Italy,'was 614 a
to walk on crutches `•-•
'The Daily Telegi.apit _severely animad-
Verts on 'the conduct of the German
Powers and especially, of the selfishneas
of, the Prussian Court. Its object was; by
dcolatingr war, and. thus 4 ‘ passing`sentence'
on three 'thousand „batmen creatures,
....;
(killed or woutArd now,) to make the act
‘• a political makeweight, against the Ger
man Diet, to bamboozle the Prussians as to
budgets and supplies," (hitherto refused.)
The Court thus stans before Europe as
guilty of having shed innocent blood."
. The following is a pictorW sketch hy
one of our morning. journals' "correspon
dents," of the march of German troops in
Schleswig—not forgetting the students of
Germany, eager " to catch a glimpse of the
war :"
, "As you- try to recall the spectacle` which
passes constantly, before your eyes as you jog on
at a snail's pace, cold, shivering, and wretched,
first there comes it • company of Prussian in
fantry, with- - .their :dark brown cloaks, wearing
the whitelash upon their left arm, which General
von Wrangel' has ordered them to wear; in mem
ory; of ,the ~ campaign the Austrians- and Prus
sians Aught side by side half a century am.
The ; , fficer in Command is riding, on in "front,
• .IMetlittried beneath -.the .hood iYP'lli
cloak, -in.-a, vain attempt to'keep out the cold,
..and the irietfeitiiinble on in broken line, footsore t
silent,•andVeary. — There is no singing Wow,- etc
on the rail ; this is business, not pleasure . ; then
follows a long straggling team of provender
wagons, filled with' bricks of coarse black bread,
frozen over with ,a fine sprinkling of snow. The
drivers are walking slowly by their horses' heads,
smoking tong large-bowled pipes, and swearing
at their horses whenever they have time to take
the pipes out of their mouths. Then,, in the
grey dim distance, you see a clond of snow ad
.vancing, and out of the mist there comes a troop
of Austrian cavalry, who gallop on in defiance
of the roade,-and without the fear of sudden
death befdre their -eyes. Then a - peasant's
wagon, jogs by, filled with farmers and civilians
of, every class, huddled together in a heap 'at
the bottom- of the cart, going on bdsiness to the
army. Sledges are not unfrequent ; the " Herr
sehaften " sitting in front; wrapped up in rugs
and furs, with little. beyond their noses visible;
and the driver sitting, astride on .a plank jutting
•out behind the car. Following the sleighs,
there - will be perhaps ti train of artillery itrug
gling, its way onwards to the front. • There are
six horses to every gun-Lstout, stalwart nags,
looking like our brewers' horses with the extra
flesh pared down---but it is as much as they can
do to keep, the wheels rolling. Then there are
stray detachments of Hungarian infantry, with
their grey coats and white pipeclayed belts and
close-fitting blue hose. Somehow or other, these
non-GerMan troops appear to suffer less from
the weather than the Prussians. At any. rate,
they keep_up their spirits better;.and then upon
the high roads there are scores and scores of
well-dressed 'pedestrians, with long fair hair, and
blue spectacles, and red caps, and all the other
inseparable attributes of Teutonic-studentdom.
Cover the.whole of this long never-ending -pro
cession with a :veil of snow drift,. and fancy, it
traversing a wilderness of snow,
and you will
have some idea of the spectacle that is yassing
before me daily."
A VISIT paid last night to the House of
Commons, enabled me to see, once more the
features and figures of leading men on
both sides of the House. D'lsraeles elf like
black and curling locks are thinner over his
temples and forehead. He has still the same
aspect of suppressed-restlessness, and is as
careful and elegant as formerly. in.his dress
and "make up." - .Lord. Palmerston, when
he rose to,speak, looked calm and kindly;
his voice is still distinct and elear-; be may
well look old, as next October—if be live
so long—.-he will have completed his 80th
year: Amazing vigor aud_vivacttill
his, and his reply-last night to a swarm of
Opposition carpings in regard to the Amer
ican prize courts, - and, the partiality of
their judges was quietly impressive.
In the course of the discussion of the
capture of - British ships by American
cruiSers, a number, of men of mark were on
the fiody of the House. Among these was Mr.
J. Fitzgerald, - an accomplished gentleman
and excellent 8 peaker—a.n Irish Conserva-
Ore member, and late under-Secretary for
F-oreign Affairs, under the last Derby Gov
ernment. This gentleman complained that
the Government had not given proper in
"formation as to the vessels seized. - After
specifying several cases in which he held
American cruisers bad violated justice, he
specially referred, to the case of the ,Saxon,
which had been captured by the TTander
hilt in the waters of the colony of the Cape
of Good Hope, and to the murder, on
board of her, of a Mr:Grey, an unoffend
intl. British subject, by an American
officer. •
` Tau ESSAYS AND REVIEWS have now.
been virtually endorsed and exalted by the
alarming and most important decision
which has just been given:by the Lords of
the Councit—the - highest Court of Eccle
siastical Appeal. Two of the Archbishops
have dissented from that finding, but the
Bishop of London tacitly acquiesces in it;
and it is now to*true that a crisis has come
in the history of the National Church,
which virtually debases and -degrades her
as a professed :witness for some of the car
'din al truths of Christianity.
In one of the two accusations against
Dr. Williams he was charged with. denying
that the Bible is the Word of God, that it
contains any special revelation of his truth
or of his dealings - with- mankind, or is the
rale of faith. This, however, was an in
ference from what was very- differently ex
pressed, and so, he was acquitted
,of the
charge. The other charge against him was
that he had controvented the Eleventh Ar
ticle of Religion—that of justification by .
faith. - He had said, in the course of a de
fence which.-(in defending that German
writer) he imagined Bunsen might make
against a supposed adversary, " Why may
not justification by faith have Meant the .
peace of mind or sense of ; Divine approval
which comes of a trust in God, rather than
a. feature of merit by transfer 7" Dr. Lush
ington, in_a lower Court, had taken this as
undoubtedly a declaration of Dr. Williams'
own sentiments—which indeed as certain
of all the' Negative : " School, I' have no
doubt it was and-is. But the Judicial Com
mittee, refueed. to do so, saying that it
" would be a severe thing." Further, it de=
clines to recognise that " the doctrine of
transfer by merit, is a feature as a eontro-.
vention „of the Eleventh Article, because
that Article is silent as to any "transfer."
And yet the men who drew it up, believed
in and taught and meant to teach in the
.
Article, the doctrine of an imputed right-,
eonsness.
The charges against Mr. Wilson were,
first, that he affirmed that- many }farts of
the 'canonical books were not inspired, and
that thus he coutradiete4 Articles,Meese
Creed,And,Ordination Serviae. - What does
the Council say ? It lays down a proposi
tion which has, indeed, " wide and far.
reaching_., consequences." It declares that
" the assertion that every part of the Scrip
tures was written `iiiider thiliiiiipirtition of
the Holy Spirit, is net td' be found either
to thaAilicles or in any of the Formularies
Of the Church." "The Court" says the
Daily -Nein " which sympathises with the
accused clergyman, in constructing this re-
Markable sentence, appears to have hid in
view the- oft quoted passage to Timothy,
and to have _ been not unwillitit'io display
ile.ditference between the positive '.teach-
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597
ing of the Church of England, and the
popular interpretation of that text."
This is, indeed, a heavy blow. "If thole
was one point," says the Times, "zo which
orthodox feeling was unanimous, it was
that the Essayists had expressed themselves
of the Scriptures, in terms entirely incon
sistent with the teaching of the Church as
to their authority and origin."
The other 'charge against Mr. Wilson.
was, that he denied the eternity of future
punishment. This he did not do, positive
;ly, but expressed a hope that there would
be.a " Refuge " into—which all would be
gathered at last. This is really Universal-
Ism, but the Judicial Committee. refused to
brand it as such, because he did not affirm
anything, and moreover because an Article
of an earlier Prayer Book which expressly
condemned- the denial of eternal punish
ment was chin the Revision 0f../.662,.
'''Tfie words, ." everlasting damnation," in
the Litany, Creed, &c., is not necessarily to
..be_taken as if the Church taught that it
implies endless punishment. file Times
holds 'that this involves a cardinal point in
this popular creed, and when it now ap
pears -that the opinions Attributed to Mr.
Maurice on this point, may be held without
; a .violati on or the formularies, it pronounces
a do,;- ....h: , •11 will probably be regarded
by P4' h r principal parties into
b eh -is divided." That is
t ;i- the Record tries to make
Lt.'' , to :Ise w. ,, ter, and its counsels will
'tb,> • . ,is - sit still" under all circum
stance . really good and godly clergy
men are horrified; they nowsee the enemy
homing in like a flood, with a large amount
of indifference or hostile , disseilt, or educa
ted skepticism virtually saying, " Let it be
so." All birds, clean or unclean, may now
nestle under the Church's wing. "The
pasture is too good," and "none will leap
over the fence." The idea of a Free
Church of England is in many minds, but
there is neither " pluck " nor leadership lo
form it. - J.W.
There ,was a good system of theology
once-given 'by an old negro to his master.
It seems the latter was struck under convic
tion, and being a proud man, he was un
willing for a long time to ask any one to
be his guide, but ,/ the pains of hell had a
hold upon him," and his anguish was ex
treme. He must seek counsel of some one.
* * Finally he bethought himself of
an old Christian negro, whose name was
Pompey; so, strange as it may seem, be
called him in, for it is true that a man can
talk to his own servants,flin such a case,
with less actual humility than to one nearer
on an equality with himself. There is a
kind of familiarity resulting from the very
distatice between the two.
" Pompey," said the master, "I am a
great sinner."
" Yes, massa," replied the godly old
man. -
" Pompey, if I die as I am now, I shall
" Yes, massa," was theiilain answer
the old negro. •
You pray often, Pompey ; and I know
you feel that God hears you."
" I does," said, the negro ; " and de Lord
aint a bit ashamed to answer Pompey."
Then came the struggle, greatest of all,
as• the poor convicted sinner stammered
out:
"Pray for me, Pompey."
- Instantly the master's praytr to the one
who served him was answered, - as the good
old negro replied
" I will, massa."
Long and earnestly did Pompey cry aloud
in his little cabin that God would send the
seal of pardon into the heart of the wicked
master.- From the lonely dwelling of the
old man the supplication ascended to the
throne on high, and was heard amid the
barpings and hallelujahs of the heavenly
host, and an answer of infinite grace re
turned.
For three days the. master was rejoicing
in Christ, but on the fourth he fell stumb
ling.aniong the great truths of the Gospel.
Again he called his spiritual - adviser, and
asked for aid.
."Pompey," said he, ' lam in the dark."
-" What is the matter, massa," asked the
negro.
" Why,'!"said he. "I cannot understand
this language Whom he did foreknow,
he did ,also predestinate; whom he did pre
destinate, thern.he also called, and whom he
called, he also justified ; and whom he ju4-
tified,-them he also glorified."
"Why," said Pompey, "*here do you
find that ?"
4 " In the Bth of Romans," he replied.
" Oh I" exclaimed the negro, " you go
fast, do n't you ?` You was ouly converted
four days agoi - and now you've got clear to
Romani: You go back,. and beginning
with ~the first chapter of the New Testa
ment, do you read, and believe, and do all
it tells you in Matthew, Mark, Luke, and
the Acts, and then, when you come to Ro
mans, I guess you will understand the Bth
chapter, too."—Rev. J. Hyatt Smith's
"Gilead."
" Wayside Preaching."
The daughter of a country pastor had
been very ill---past recovery it was at one
time -feared--but prayer was answered in
her behalf, and, she rose from the sick couch
"grateful in heart," she said, but anxious
to avoid all , direct personal religious con
versation.
.A rieighboring clergyman, a particular
friend of the-family, came in one day to en
joy a-ministerial visit with his brother, and
the t,vco spent some hours by the cheerful
study fire, items of local and foreign inter
est etch engaging in turn a share of atter'.
tipn,
The invalid daueliter - softly enterg& to
announce dinner... The guest rose, greeted
her cordially, and made kind inquiries for
.her health, and she, fearing u a lecture"
might be forthcoming, was, she told me,
Very brief,nrid possibly curt, in her reply.
The clergyman paused a moment, and then
in low, earnest tones, peculiar to himself,—
said, slowly,
- "Strange that a harp of pi thousand Wings
Should keep in tune so long : "
The effect was magical. " Never,"- she
said,''" could forget the pathos and ear=
neatness of.lis voice an& *manner, Th#:.
Nyords, have aaeompEs7o4, toixAropgh
,constantly, suggegkttgl _powerful .considuw 7 , : .,
anon : of duty, a recognition' Or God'slava
and care over thin molial frame, a so
feF
fully and wonderfully made."
Happiness aliowsas, roost among the
ly ; there are, more blossoms in the va eys
than on'tle.bills.
Pompors lesson.