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Editor and Proprietor.
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[selected.]
low to Live. -
lie liveth long 'who livoth well !
MI other life Is short and vain.
]lo liveth longest who aan iell
Of living most for heavenly gain
lie liveth long who llveth welt 1
Alf else is being flung away;
liveth longest who can tell
(r true things truly done each day.
Vasto not thy being ; hack to Him
Who freely gave it, freely give;
Ise is that being but a dream:
'1" is but to be, and not to live.
Be wise and use thy wisdom well;
Who wisely speaks, must live it too;
le is the wisest who oan tell
Dew first he lived, then spoke, the true.
Be what thou seemest! live thy creed 1
, ~ fluid up to earth the torah Divine:
.:
' k Be what thou prayest to be made ;
Let the great Master's steps be thine:
:.,
, 4. ' Fill up each hour with what will last.;
v . Buy up the moments as they go;
, z" The life above, when this is past,
~, ~ la the ripe fruit of life below.
. .
Sow truth, if thou the true wouldst reap ;
Who sows the false shall reap the vain;
'.., Erect and sound thy conscience keep;
i' ,. ' ',
from hollow words and deeds refrain.
,t•
i '
•,•,' Sow love, and taste its fruitage pure ;
''' • Sow peace, and reap its harvest bright ;
~,,..,. sow sunbeams on the rock and moor,
And find a harvest-home of light.
H. BONAR.
—.....
THE TEMPERANCE CAUSE.
The following report was read before the
Society of Religious Inquiry, of th_ e West
il, .l
ttt • ern Theological Seminary.
In view of the increasing evil of in
‘ 'temperance, the Society deemed it worthy
of a wider circulation, and unanimously re
'',c quested a copy for publication.
i
...„.•, it is now given to the public, with the
arnet prayer that it may arouse an interest
.'" n this momentous au* .t.
JAMES T. PATTERSON,
L. M. BELDEN,
M ; :
D. L. DICKEY.
Publishing Committee.
t --
..' EP( )RT ON THE PROGRESS OF
.; . TH E TEMPERANCE CAUSE.
- .v.
. . Nearly three thousand years ago the
'... %West a men, guided, too, by inspiration,
mined this memorable passage :
~„ ~-• " Wine is a mocker, strong drink is ra
iing, and whosoever is deceived thereby is
i:.;•, p l ot le 18e."
I,k_ - ,
~ t .: . . Although every year, since that time,
Nr'-'ip. as added its testim .ny to the truth of this
I .' declaration, the world has not yet practically
.learned the great lesson. The voice of
warning is just as much needed to-day, as
it was in the days ef .Solomon.
Your committee, appointed to detail the
~. " Progress of the Temperance Cause," is
...,:i . / - deeply impressed with the conviction that
r: 4 " : " , 'lts task would be more appropriately de
scribed as a detail of the "Progress of the
Atcmperance Cause."
in : `
In considering the subject,reference
' to our own land, two fields of interest pre
-sent themselves :
First—The country at large.
' ' Second—The army.
. ' The condition of the cause in the first of
`these fields is, perhaps, very nearly de
ecribed by the following letter, from the
Secretary of the Young Men's Christian
Association of Philadelphia, if we substi
tute for city the word country :
" I have to state, and I do it with pro
found regret, that the high vantage ground
occupied by the temperance Cause in our
city and vicinity, only a few years ago, has
been disgracefully surrendered. Our tem
perance organizations, without an exception,
have either been disbanded or reduced to a
state of wretched inefficiency. The good
- cause, as a distinct enterprise, has been for
' some time ignored by both the press and the
pulpit, with a very few exceptions, while
the masses of the people regard it with
!perfect indifference. The consequence is
Ithat drunkenness abounds, and tippling is
; fearfully on the increase, and that, too,
among all classes, including professors of
religion and former abettors of the tempe
rance reform. In brief, the present con
dition of the temperance cause in and near
.Philadelphia is deplorable."
A plain record of facts will show how
far such a statement is applicable to the
whole country.
The great arteries of the nation are its
' laws. The ohs acter of their pulsations
gives no uncertain idnication of the state of
public opinion. What then is the charac
ter and efficiency of these laws, so far as
they relate to the subject before us ?
In the great temperance discussions which
occurred some ten or twelve years ago, it
', was fully established that, since two-thirds
of the pauperism and crime, one-half the
insanity, and an untold amount of personal
' and domestic misery resulted from the traf
fic in intoxicating liquors, this traffic ought
. to be prohibited by law. As the result, a
law prohibiting it was enacted in all the
New-England States, and in the State of
:New-York. The happiest results, for a
time followed the enactment of these laws.
Jails and poor-houses were deserted, and
many families of drunkards were raised
' :: from want, degradation and wretyhedgess
to plenty, respectability and social happi
. ness.
Six months after the law was passo in
Connecticut, Gov. Dutton said that he had
not seen a single drunkard in the streets.
A paper of that State thus speaks of its
condition to-day
ig Now what are the rumsellers doing in
this State ? They are disobeying our pro
hibitory law, and seeking, in some of the
meanest possible ways, to evade or override
it. They defy the State, resist;its anthority
and treat with contempt its prohibitions.
In 185 there was not an open grog-shop
in the State. How is it now 7 Visit Nor
wich, New-London, Bridgeport, Hartford,
New-Haven, and all the large manufactur
ing villages in the State, and see the num
ber and boldness of the rumsellers. The
laws are good, but the people have not the
pluck' to enforce them, and the rumsellers
have their own way."
In Massachusetts it is just as bad. The
city of Boston absolutely refuses to enforce
the prohibitory law, and in consequence
pays more money to drag twenty-five thong-
.
,
..„
,
ciiu s .
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. .
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.
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,
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. ~.--.1
VOL. XII, NO. 10.
and of her inhabitants down to the gutter
than to educate the twenty•five thousand
children of her public schools.
In short,
.in all the States in which the
"Maine Law" was enacted, it has either
been repealed or stands a dead letter upon the
statute hook.
Let us consider, in the next place, how
those laws are obeyed which prohibit the
selling of intoxicating drinks without li
cense.
Go to the City of Washington, and you
will find, under the very shadow of the
nation's repository of power,two thousand one
hundred rum-shops, one thousand five hun
dred of which are selling liquor in defiance of
law. Nor is this to be wondered at when
we remember that members of Congress,
to
say nothing of moral principle, can so far
forget the dignity of their station as to be
found in their seats too drunk to stand or
speak when a matter is before them of no
less importance than the expulsion of a
United States Senator for treason. Go to
the great commercial emporium of the na
tion, and you will find six thousand liquor
selling establishments, five thousand of
which, protected by a powerful organize
tioa which includes many men or wealth
and standing, are selling their liquor in
disregard oelaw. Resulting from this are
seventy thousand arrests yearly, while eight
hundred women are to-day confined for
drunkenness in the cities of New-York and
Brooklyn. Go to the city of Buffalo and
vicinity, and find three thousand five hun
dred grogeries, only thirty-six of which are
licensed. Go to almost any of the cities of
our land and find essentially the same re
cord, and then judge bow far public` senti
ment is falling behind even our imperfect
legislation.
A few more facts of interest may be
stated :
In 1850 the organization of the " Sons
of Temperance " numbered two. hundred
and forty-five thousand; now 'it numbers
fifty-five thousand.
At a late meeting of the Genernl Asso
ciation of Massachusetts, Rev. George
Trask, of Fitch'burg,presented the following
statements :
" Brethren, the temperance cause declines
We have evidence sad and conclusive.
" First—ln thirty-eve reports just read
on Religion and Morals, in ehurcl;Les and
States, near and remote, seven refer to the
cause as declining, and the rest do not give
'the great evil of the age' a passing notice.
Ominous silence.
" Second—Temperance Societies of the
old-fashioned type arc dead, we fe-r, beyond
restoration.
"Third—The new Societies are not ade
quate to the purpose.
" Fourth—Prohibitory laws fail to be ex
ecuted. They sleep upon the statute book.
-" Fifth—Temperance lecturers are scarce
and poorly supported.
, " Sixth—Pulpits are for the most part
silent.
" Seventh—lntemperance, in manifold
forms, is gaining on our towns. and cities.
Evidence of this stares us in the face.
"Eighth—When our armies return, this
evil will be immensely augmented.
" Ninth—Unless the evil is averted, it,
may, in ten years, be confessedly a greater
curse: than the rebellion. One may ruin
a government ) the other ruins nuti." ,
In the narrative of the State of Religion,
by the General Assembly of the Presbyte-‘
rian Church, which met at Philadelphia is
the following testimony
"About eighty Presbyterial narratives,
representing nearly all the Synods, have
come into the hands of the Assembly's
Committee... A 'careful perusal of them
brings to view several facts of great im
portance. The first is of a gloomy charac
ter. The darkest clouds which God's judg
ments bring over the land are full of bles
sings as well as sorrow ; for they pour down
fertilizing floods even while the lightnings
from them blast and rive. But the black
ness to which we now refer, is the smoke of
the pit, diffusing, wherever• it is spread,
curses without blessings, death without life.
And it is now spreading (as we mourn to
learn) everywhere over our land to the very
thresholds of our churches, and into the
sanctuaries of our homes.
"Need we say it is the curse of Intemper
ance, which, after having been driven back,
is making head again through our borders
East and West, North and South.
" And now it is for us, as a General As
sembly, in t .is our message to the churches,
to unite the lamentations, warnings and
calls of a hundred Presbyteries into a trum
pet blast summoning the whole church to
war against a foe often defeated, often pros
trated, but which will only by annihilation,
die."
In connexion with this evidence of the
extensive and increasing use of spirituous
liquors, it ought to be remembered that
these liquors are far more destructive in
their effects than formerly, on account of
their being so seldom pure. The larger
part of them are nothing but compounds of
poisonous drugs.
A premitqa was offered, in Columbus for
any kind of liquor free from any foreign
mixture, and none was found. On exami
nation it was found that of the many hun
dreds of liquor selling establishments in
Cincinnati only a very, few of them con
tained any pure liquor of any kind.
Let us also remember . that, one by one,
the great standard bearers who. have in
former, years so nobly fought the battles of
Temperance, are falling. Among those
lately gone may be mentioned that gallant
son of the sea, so instrumental in procuring
the abolition of the liquor ration in the
navy, the lately admired and loved, but now
lamented, " Admiral Foote."
There may, be mentioned also the man
who long ago raised a laugh in a ministe
rial meeting, by reporting the then strange
idea that the total disuse of spirituous
liquors would cure drunkenness—who after
wards thrilled the whole country by his six
sermons on.the Sin of Intemperance, and
who still later, carried to the legislature of
Massachusetts a paper five hundred feet
long, covered with the signatures of peti
tioners for the "Maine Law "—the man
whose very name was a tower ofstrength—
the venerable Lyman Beecher, D.D.
As such laborers fall, others must rise
up to take their places. It is no time to
sit down in idleness. The sky is still
black with the angry tempest. Many a
storm-beaten wanderer must yet be res
cued, sheltered, warmed and fed, ere the
unveiled . sun pours his tide of beauty
across he jewelled, landscape, and the
bright bpi gf . promise smiles upon us from
the vanishing cloud.
We turn to consider the condition of the
Temperance cause in our Army.
PITTSBURGH, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 1863, WHOLE NO. 582
The country experienced one severe I
shock, when thousands of her sons were
suddenly called from the peaceful pursuits
of industry, to drive back with the strong
arm of power those enemies who were bat
tering at the very gates of her Capital.
Another shock, no less important ',in its
results and perhaps scarcely less violent or
dangerous, remains to
. be met when the
army recoils upon the country. It remains
to be seen, whether our soldiers have virtue
enough to exchange, like the Ironsides of
Cromwell, without disturbance, the im
plements of war for the implements of hus
bandry.
The war of the . American Revolution
sent a torrent of drunkenness over the land.
The war of 1812 was a fearful demoralizer.
Thousands died never reached by cannon or
sword, and thousands more returned to
their homes with health, and character ru
ined by the rum rations with which they
had been daily furnished. In the Mexican
War, General Scott estimated that fifty per
cent. of the deaths were from intemper
ance, and hundreds upon hundreds more
returned home worthless and. cast away,
from the same cause.
An inquiry into the condition of the
Temperance cause in our own army, must
then be, to the :philanthropist, an inquiry
of the deepest interest.
Here we find some Wags encouraging,
and some things discouraging. It is encour
aging that whiskey rations have not, in
orninary cases, been allowed to the private
soldier. They were dealt out, it is true, for
a, time, in the swamps of the Chickahom
iny, and perhaps were thought a necessity;
but the result taught the country a lesson.
Of the thirty thousand men who lie in nn
monurnented graves in those dismal swamps,
ten thousand, it is estimated, were laid
there by the whiskey rations.
These rations were abandoned. As a con
sequence, one may travel for weeks within
the army lines, and scarcely see a single.
private soldier drunk". Yet still, when he
sees the eagerness with which a whiskey
ration is received when it is dealt out (as
it sometimes is,) and how few refuse it—
when he reflects upon the amount of drink
ing among soldiers outside of the army
lines, he cannot but feel a conviction that
the lack, of drunkenness within the lines,
in a painfully large number of cases, arises
rather from a lack of opportunity than a
lack of desire.
The following extracts give, no doubt, a
correct view of the case. The first.is from
a letter published in the New-York Ob
server; from the pen - of J. M. Stevenson,
Secretary of the American Tract Society,
who has bad extensive opportunities for
observation in our Western Army :
" In speaking of the Western Army, I
am painfully convinced , that, notwithstand
ing all that is doing, the tendency of our
men ie rapidly, fearfully downward. Such
blatant, incessant, and ingenuous profanity
as I heard in travelling from Louisville,
Ky., to Winchester, Tenn.—some 150
miles—l had never before imagined possi
ble. This profanity is accompanied with
obscene jests and snatches of ribald songs,
most disgusting; while intsmperance of all
grades, from the merely excited' and gar
rulous, to the most besotted, prevails.
When in , camp and on duty, no such scenes
are witnessed. The regulations of the ser
vice will not permit it; but in travelling,
going hoine on furlough, or return
ing; when lying about hospitals to be
admitted, or after a dis Charge ; when tem
fmarily released from any cause from mili
tary discipline, then it is that these vices
show themselves so shamelessly." •
A second extract is from a. letter of Rev.
Mr. Stewart, an excellent Chaplain in the
Army of the Potomac
" Did Christian, loyal, country-loving
citizens know of the unblushing drunken
ness among so many officers in the army,
and, the seeming danger of all being en
gulphed in a common drunken ruin, they
would with united, sleepless importunity,
besiege Congress, the. President, Secretary
of War, Commander-in-Chief, Quartermas
ter General, &c., to unite in .closing up at
once, each and every official flood-gate ,
through which such immense quantities of
bad whiskey flow into the army..
" 'Bat how,' some one may ask, ' is so
large an amount of intoxicating drink ob
tained as to create such an amount of
drunkenness ? Did not Congress, some
years since, abolish whiskey in the army.?'
Perhaps so; yet certain it is that, by some
authority, whiskey rations are occasionally
issued to every soldier. And whiskey
without stint is at all times officially fur
nished to commissioned officers. By an
army regulation, commissioned officers can
purchase from the Brigade Commisgtiry, by
personal application or by written order, for
their own use, at government prices, what
ever provisions may be on hand -after ra
tions are furnished . the private soldiers. A
Brigade Commissary would hear 1 ss com
plaint from officers for lack of bread, meat,
coffee and sugar,' than of whiskey. It
must always be
. on hand. Our Brigade
Commissaries have thus hecome extensive
retail whiskey establishments; all fur
nished by the government. A barrel often
issued by the canteen—about three pints at
fifty cents—just as fast as the Commissary's
clerk can measure it."
It will be, seen by this letter, that in
keeping liquor from the army,An exception
has been made where precisely, last of all,
should it ever have been made. Whiskey
is still allowed in 14 private stores of
officers; with what results, let the follow
ing facts testify.
Maj. Gen. Howard says: "I did not
drink at College, I did not drink at West
Point; but after I came into the United
States service, I found that it was a social
habit in the army, and I myself fell into it.
I drank whiskey and offered it to others.
While stationed in Florida, I offered whis
key to an officer and he decined. I urged.
He. drank. A. short time after, I attended
him when his brain was reeling with de
liriumrand I made up my mind that it was
wrong; that I never would do it again, and
I have not. Ido not keep it in my quar
ters, in my . tent. Ido not offer it to any
officer, to any man, and I will not. I know
that this is a very hard position to put a
man in, and especially any young officer - but
I can say from my own experience that it
will pay him to do it."
After the memorable victories of last
July, when thanksgivings to God were
ascending from thousands of firesides, and
doubtless, too, from the grateful heart of
many a waskworn soldier, a Colonel com
manding a military post issued this order—
not written, but privately circulated : " Great
victories are achieved. We have occasion
to rejoice; therefore, every. man not drunk
before two o'clock will be put into the
guard-house." That night a soldier was
found asleep on picket, drunk. He had nev
er before been drunk. He had never been in
the guard-house, and did not wish to be.
The pride of the soldier had prevailed over
the strength of moral principle in that sad
victim of official cruelty.
A delegate of the Christian Commission
bad occasion to leave for a few hours the
hospital with which he was, for the time,
connected. As an engagement was immi
nent, he left open, in the amputating room,
a small box containing bottles of brandy.
On his return, although no action had ta
ken place, three i:ro four bottles of brandy
were missing. Themit morning the re
port was current that a certain" clique"
of surgeons had been having a " spree,"
and that, too, at a time when they knew
not what hour the bleeding forms of their
mangled countrymen might need their most
careful attention. It was not hard to con
jecture where their liquor came from, nor
for that delegate' of ,fhe Christian Commis-,
sion to learn ever after to keep hiw stores_
guarded by lock an4,4F. L ey,
A man who has lorta 'much to' do with
forts and eampS, and knows whereof he
affirms, deeply pained that the subject of
Temperance was namore referred to in our
great Anniversaries, writes as follows :
" I have known an ordinance officer
whose duty it was to bring ammunition, lie
drunk under the fence, and a regiment
stand helpless and receive the fire of the:
enemy for more than an hour, killing in._
their tracks over two, hundred as brave,
loyal, and patriolic.,:naen as the nation has.
summoned into this dreadful Conflict; and
when they could sand the murderous fire
no longer, they &ill Only to he fired into
again and lose tile.hundred and ninety
more by the fire of our own men to stop
their flight. I know of a drunken surgeon
who, after amputating in a bungling man
ner, the limb of a beautiful, brave boy, of
nineteen, left it bleeding to go across the
street to get a drink, and, returning mad
dened and intoxicated, kicked the breath
out of the body of the poor soldier with a
double-soled cavalry boot, because he did
not walk out of the room on the bleeding
stump when ordered to do so. I have
known officers of nearly all grades, dis
missed fdr being drunk on duty"; I have
known them die in the streets of delirium
tremens; I have known five chaplains in
the army who became drunkards and were
dismissed ; and-,yet,with a single excep
tion, no allusion was made to drunkenness
at any of the Anniversary meetings!'
There is good authority for believing
,that the General commanding in one of the
great movements of the Army of the .
Po
tomac, was, during a portion of the time
at least, under the influence of liquor.
Whether this had any thing to do with the
disappointing issue of the battle or not, it
was certainly no consolation to the friends
of those ten thousand Dien who fell wound
ed or, dead on the field, to reflect that the
man who led them there, with all his ac
knowledged military prowess, was a known_
rum-drinker. , t •
Surely it is time that the Wee,ol,cin-in
dignant nation was raised to rebuke the
drunkenness of its military ogcers.
We make such statements as hav'e_been
made, with the profoundest regret that the
necessity for them exists. We _rejoice in
the thought that not all our soldiers and
officers are such as have been here referred
to. We rejoice to believe that there ate
in our armies as sober, brave, and noble
men as ever marched to the battle-field—
too sober, bravd, and noble indeed to be led
by drunken commanders. To, them, we
look for the salvation of the country. We
rejoice to believe that there are as sober,
brave, and noble officers as any man ought
to desire—too sober, brave, and noble to be
reduced to the sad necessity of an official
association with drunken companions.
In the midst of such facts as we have
stated, two more come to us like blooming
flowers in the desert waste. let. A Tem
perance organization has, during the past'
Summer, been formed at Convalescent
Camp, near Washington City, starting with
more than two hundred members. 2d.
Eight hundred Sabbath Schools have, dur
ing the war, sent as many thousand tem
perance tracts to as many thousand soldiers.
These tracts, : we believe, were published by
the " American Temperance Union," a no
ble organization which still bears aloft its
banner of= light in the midst of the sur
rounding darkness. We thus' close our
view of the Temperance. Cause: in our own
land.
In Great Britain the cause is advancing
with a good degree of interest.
More than a million children - are in her
Bands of Hope. A committee on the san
itary condition of the army in India, bas
reported in favor of the disuse of liquor in
that army. Strenuous exertions are being
made to secure, from Parliament, a prohi
bition of liquor-selling on the Sabbath day.,
There is a vast number of petitioners who
have asked the government to yield the
suppression of the liquor traffic to two
thirds of the tax-payers in any district or
borough who , shall ask for it. Iu short,
the great work seems to be going ou with
good success.
Nations, too, which we have been accus
tomed to regard as heathen, are teaching
us lessons. The queen of" Madagascar,
since the assassination of the late King,
on account of crimes committed throbgh
the results of drinking, holds her throne
on the express condition that she shall
never taste intoxicating drinks, the only
instance perhaps where such a prohibition
is embodied in-a constitution.
The Supreme Court of Hawaii, in an
able politiqal document, have sustained the
prohibitory law which the rumsellers were
attempting to over-ride.
The Emperor of China, in answer to a
petition 'praying him to legalise the sale of
liquor in , his kingdom, replied that " noth
ing would induce him to derive a revenue
from the vice and miseries of his people."
Such. is a general view of the present
condition. of the Temperance Cense; so far
as,we are able to judge, from, the facts in
our* os,session.
We close with a short statement of the
yearly results of intemperance in our own
country, that we may not forget in their
isolation, their reality. They are taken
from the Maine Temperance journa/:
" Carefully-compliled statistics show, that
by intemperance in the United States, 60,000
lives are annually destroyed; 100,000 men
and women are sent to prison; 20,000 chil
dren are sent to the poor house; 800 mur
ders are committed; 400 suicides; 200,000
children are made orphans.; 200,000,000
dollars, are eipended!'
This is the written history, but behind
the curtain, there is an unwritten history
of more painful interest even than that
which is written. The hours of agony en
dured by gray-haired fathers mourning
over the early ruin of their wayward chil
dren—the sighs which carefully con
cealed from public view, burst in hidden
places from the breaking hearts of anguish
stricken wives and mothers—the tears that
fall from the eyes of weeping children,
keenly alive to their parents' deep degrada
tion—those biting serpents, which, like the
undying worm, gnaw the very heart-strings
of the chained victim himself; all these
things, though carefully registered in the
records of eternity, are unrecorded in the
books of time. We mast wait the revela
tions of the final day to fully understand
them. Meanwhile let our prayers and
earnest endeavors be given to arrest these
evils—to' turn back that tide•Of destruction
which• sweeps like a living flood all over the
land, bearing on its turbid waves the blast
ed hopes of wrecked individuals families
communities and we.had alniost , said nations.
Let us regardllibilihje.et ivith all that depth
ofinter . est which it ought to obtain from
the peculiar circumstances in which as a
people we are placed. The eyes of a wait
ing world are fixed in anxious expectancy
upon us. No unimportant link in the long
chain of eternal order we stand. Weighty
responsibilitiercrowd thick around us. A
sacred legacy has been intrusted . to our
care. God himself has laid upon us the
solemn duty of preserving the virtue as
well as the unity of a great nation.
With us it rests to determine how we
shall meet these weighty responsibilities;
how we shall guard this sacred legacy; how
we shall fulfil this solemn duty. With us
to- determine whether that "Star of Em
pire" which, rising in the East, has as
cended with such brightening glory to its
mid-day throne, shall go on, gathering in
creasing lustre, •and blessing the whole
world with its glorious light; or suddenly
eclipsed, shall go down amid clouds and
darkness, and tempest, and leave us in last
ing night. H. V. NOTES,
Chairman of Committee.
Western Theo. Seminary
.Nov. 2, 1863.
The author of the above Report desires
to express• his indebtedness to Rev. John
Marsh, D.D., who kindly, furnished valua
ble numbers of his excellent temperance
Journal, from whichlhe facts contained in
the Report were, to alarge extent, obtained.
11.V.N.
EUROPEAN CORRESPONDENCE,
yisit to Ireland—Easy of Access—Railway Facil
iliac—Dub/in and London—Amusing Contrasts—
Donkey-cart and heathentesoms
tern:nu—Cullen and a Revolution—War.with the
National Board—The Male Rornish Population
and Popay—Encouraging Contrasts—Revived
- Protestantism—Episcopal Clergy—Their ability
and Usefulness—Their Influence in England—
Irish Church' Afissions—A Challenge--Presbyte
rianism in Dublin—Presbyterian Moderator -and
Ministers at St. Patrick's—Whateley:s Funeral
• His Succesior Canon Stanley Clerical
Alarm—New
_Presbyterian Periodical—Mission
to Romanists—Ragged Schools—The Threatened
"Invasion."
NE WRY, Oct. 24, 1863.
FROM IRELAND I now address you. I
had not been in, this country for several
years, and Dublin, the capital, I had not
visited since 1859. The Wilily and speed
with which one can leave London, and cross
the Channel, are wonderfully increased as
compared - with former days; and once ar
rived in Dublin, you find the termini of
three separate Railways which convey pas
sengers to Cork in the South, Galway in
the West, and to Belfast, Londonderry, and
Sligo—thus . opening up to. the tourist, or
the commercial traveller, 'every part of the
land. Dublin, after the multitudinous
rush and roar of the great metropolis,
seems a quiet city. But it has great
charms for a stranger. You feel yourself
to be among a new people, and among an
other, race than the pure Anglo-Saxon.
The Celtic face, tongue, and fun, also sa
lute you immediately as you climb up to a
side seat of the Irish jaunting car, while
Pat, partly in blarney and compliments to
yourself, and in screams, and whoops (with
the whip also duly used) to his horse, pre
sents a striking antithesis to, the sombre
and silent cab-driver of London.
And then in the streets what a com
mingling of ranks—the highestl and the
lowest—and what odd assortments, so to
speak, of men and thilfgs I Here is a don
key cart in (that finest of all the streets,
and which has perhaps no equal in some
respects in London itself,) Sackville Street.
The cart is loaded with turf, and perhaps
there is a bundle of hether besoms on the
top. And on the side-walks there are still
to be seen specimens of the true Irish beg
gar., male and female ; their rags and patch
er, also, exceeding all description, and the
tatterdemallion hat (well. ventilated by
holes,) unkempt hair, and shoeless feet, to
gether with the occasional old blue cloak
covering the head of the women—all
unique. Here, also, you feel that Protest
antism is not exactly at home, or racy of
the soil." Priests of different orders ;•Jes
uits, Christian Brothers, &0., meet and pass
you. You see, also, old women seated on
the steps of the great Romish Cathedral
in Marlborough, - With little baskets con
taining pictures of the. saints, prayer-books, ,
and also long strings of beads, sufficient in
number to: carry the devotee through the
whole roll of the; Saints -of the: Romish
Calendar. And going up the steps you see
printed appeals to the " faithful" on be
half .of the" Society of this Holy Child
hood of Jesus," instituted for the conver
sion of children in China—one means of
ensuring their salvation being the provi
ding and sending out of priests who will, by
the waters of baptism—surreptitionsly ap
plied if necessary—send those of them
who are dying, direct to Paradise. inside,
while as a heretic you have forgotted to
dip your finger in the aspersoriunt, filled
with holy water," and. to sign your fore
head with the, sign of the cross, you see a
number of men and women, very seedy and
shabby in dress, and kneeling and " saying
their prayers," while the great building is
" gloomy " and not'' grand," and roof and
pillars are dirty. Even the altar decora
tions are shabby. In fact filth and tawdri
ness.belong to Popery in every land where
it reigns," - and to the " cleanliness" which
is " next to godliness," it has a particular
aversion.
Stern is the resistance, and bitter is the
feeling of hate toward Protestantism in
Dublin; and throughout Ireland generally.
The late Archbishop Murray was meek,
gentle, and conciliatory; the present Arch
bishop Cullen is the incarnation of -Ultra
montanism and bigotry. He never rested,
after his aceession i , till-he had broken up
all the intercourse of kindly feeling be
tween parties previously existing. Ile as
saulted the National Board of Education,
as to their publications on the Evidences
of Christianity, and also Scriptural selec
tions, the former of which was written by
Doctor Whately himself, the latter by the
late Rev. Dr. Carlisle, (Presbyterian,) and
both had been endorsed by Dr. Murray.
Cullen declared war against any attempt to
argue from miracles, &-c., for the Inspira
tion of the Bible. It was contrary to " the
Church," and its mode of endorsing the
Canonical Scriptures, i. e., they are so, be
cause the Church settled the. Canon long
ago, and they are inspired because the
Church declares that they are
The Jesuits have now full scope in Ire
land, and England also—although by the
Act passed for the Emancipation of the
Roman Catholics in 1829, they were abso
lutely forbidden to enter the kingdom.
The Oratoriums, the Fathers' of• Christian
Doctrine, and, other orders)lhave been
brought by Dr. Cullen and theipther
ops,into every Alioqese; by iew schools, by
".Retreats," and by great open-air-gather
ings, with vehement appeals' to the people,
and by seperate Confessionals of their ow'n,
they have in seme , places- almost overrun
and overborne the ordinary parish priests.
Nevertheless the latter being " married to
the Church," and from the fervor of an
esprit de corps, that makes them willing to
be anything or nothing, if so the Church
holds her ground, and repels the heretidal
aggrcssion—are ever ready, and willing to
make the sacrifices demanded of them.
The men among the Roman Catholics Of
Ireland are much more Rornanish and big
oted than the male population of any other
country in Europe. They thus differ wide
ly from those of France, Italy, and Ger
.
many, who in a large measure are nothing
better than infidels. The women in Ire
land are generally " voteons," that is, devo
tees, and very zealous for their Church. A
political fast and its recollections, helps
this feeling largely among the female peas
antry, and the priesthood find amongst
them, confiding followers.
' Contrasts of an encouraging kind are not
wanting in Ireland. There is a revived
Protestantism of an Evangelical type, more
extended than at any former period. The
Church of England in Ireland furnishes
an abler and more effective staff of clergy
for popular usefulness, than those who go
forth from the Universities of Oxford and
Cambridge. The Irish clergy have, as a
rule, fluency, readiness, imaginativeness,
and special adaptation for preaching and
teaching. They do not read as a rule;
and when they do, they do not give an
Essay, dry and dull, instead of a lively ser
mon. A truly converted and earnest Irish
man—say a native of Dublin, or of the
Midland and Southern counties, with an
accent by no means vulgar r and by far pref
erable, in my estimate, to that of the Scot
tish preacher—standing up in his pulpit,
with a small pocket Bible in laiS hand, and
with natural ease and the eloquence of true
earnestness addressing the people, is the
man for doing God's work: Hence it is
also, that this class of clergy, introduced,
as they have been; largely into . Eng,land,
always, fill the churches. They know also
how to speak from the platform; how to
make the children of the Sunday and day
schools to loVe them; how to make visits to
the cottages of the poor and to the bedsides
of the dying—not like their High Church,
Oxford, brethren, administering the Sacra
ment as a passport to heaven, and (as I
lately heard one of them call it,) "the sin
pardoning ordinance," but directing their
faith to the unseen yet living Saviour, the
victor over death and the grave.
The Irish Church Missions, connected
with the Established Church are still doing
a good work in the West of Ireland. They
are less demonstrative and probably are
more circumscribed in Dublin itself, than at
the period of my former visit to this country.
Nevertheless, as Paddy likes a " shindy,"
and " wigs on the green," even in a theo
logical sense, controversy still wages antag
onistic war in Ireland, and Popery gives
from its altars occasionally, blow bar blow,
and anathema for anathema.
Presbyterianism in the capital of Ire
land, as well as in the South and West, has
wonderfully increased in numbers and effi
ciency, within the last twenty years. In
the first place, the ministers are more nu
merous, and are in general very able and
effective preachers, as well as indefatigable
workers and visitors. P.esides this, true
piety has greatly increased among the
office-bediers and members of churches, and
missionary zeal abounds as to the outlying
and io.norant Protestant population, many
of whom had been neglected, and in the
midst of Popish Sabbath-breaking and un
godliness, were fast passing away, into
Popery and recklessness. Scottish immi
grant farmers also, settling in Ireland, in
crease the force and power of Presbyterian
ism, and give opportunities for the setting
up of lighthouses, so to speak, which shed
their rays wide and far over the dark and
stormy waters of superstition, and warn
away from the rocks and quicksands of vice
as well as error. •
Hitherto, Presbyterianism was also con
fined to Ulster; now it is, becoming More
national. In the capital and its neighbor
hood there are flourishing congregations,
and new churches have either been built
or are now being erected. Among the lat
ter is a beautiful structure now rising in
one of the best sites in Dublin, near to the
Rotunda. The site alone cost. X.6,p00.
The building is being erected and comple
ted by, Mr. Findlater, a Presbyterian
Scotchinan- of great wealth, who for many
years has been settled in Dublin. Within
its - walls the Rev. Dr. Kirkpatrick, and his
devoted and able colleague,.the Rev. John
Hall, are jointly to minister, At Kingston
and Rathemines, are able young ministers,
and at Usher's Quay, the Rev. J. I. BlaCk,
who is an alumnus of Trinity College and
a native of Dublin, has, as a young preach
er, attracted a large congregation by his
eloquence.
The funeral of Archbishop Wbately, last
week, was very large, and attended by many
notabilities of the Church, the Law, the
Medical profession, as also by the Lord
Lieutenant, the Earl of Carlisle. It so
happened that a number of Northern Pres
byterian ministers were in' the metropolis,
on special business, with the. Moderator at
their head. They resolved, out of respect
for the memory of the Archbishop,' to ask
for an assigned place in the funeral cortege.
It was at once accorded to them. And so,
in gown and bands, five, and twenty of them
were intermingled with the Episcopal
clergy, and occupied stalls in the Cathedral
- as the'funeral service was being read,, and
when the cofftwof Whately was lowered
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into thp vaults of St. Patrick's Cathedral.
Some of the High Church clergy were
vexed at the presence of the Presbyterians,
and one was heard saying, "This is intol
erable." Nevertheless they went on in a
kindly spirit, and there is no reason to be
lieve that it was not generally recipro
cated.
The successor of Dr. IVhately—who is
be to be ? That has been a question of
eager debate, and a subject of guesses and
conjectures ever since his death. There
can scarcely be said to be a Puseyite party
among the Irish clergy, although there is a
little band of exclusives, such as. Dean
Woodward and others, who prate about
" Apostolical succession," rave against
Presbyterians asefi schismatics." But while
up to a comparatively recent period, there
was a great majority of the Irish clergy
Evangelidals,' and probably the greater
number are so still, there is a growing
party, though still small, of the Arnold,
Whately,, and semi-Negative school. Dr.
Whately, while he had written ably against
"Rothish- errors," as being " founded in
human nature," yet disliked and discour
aged' controversy viva, voce with Roman
ists. He had also low views of the Sab
bath, and it is more than probable that he
did not trace it to a Creation and Resurrec
tion (double) authority and origin, but to
the authority of the Church appointing it
as a Festival, and by no means recognizing
it as a "whole day to be spent" as the -West
minster Divines, and, I doubt not, the Puri
tan Episcopal clergy of the eighteenth, aid
the Reformers of the sixteenth centuries,
regarded it.
NEOLocticAL TENDENCIES in Ireland are
certainly less extended and less marked
than they are in England. But a diode,
has been given to the whole Evangeli
cal Protestantism of the country, by the ap
parently authentic intelligence that Canon
Stanley, Regius Professor at Oxford, chap
lain to the Prince of Wales, accompanying
the latter last year to the Holy Land and
the East, had been offered the post of Arch
bishop of Dublin. I have ere now repeatedly
referred to his unsound semi-rationalist
views. Not long since, 1 gave a sketch of a
sermon which I hear him deliver in the
Chapel Royal, Whitehall,on what is called
in ecclesiastical language, "Trinity Sun
day," in which he made the belief in the
Trinity the only test of a true Church;
spoke indirectly, yet plainly enough, to oue
initiated in the controversy, about many
things as to the mere question of members,
(evidently referring to Colenso's works)
and virtually recognizing the Church of
Rome and the corrupt Eastern churches as
true churches of Christ—purgatory, Mari
oltary, and transubstantiation being quite
unnoticed, thus rendering them synagogues
of Satan ; as they really are.
This is the man who wants subscription
to the Articles and Prayer Book to be ut
terly abolished; not to quiet the consciences
of the Evangelical, and open the door to
Dissenters, but because he wishes to make
it possible for semi-skeptics, and men like
himself, who do not believe in a steal atone
plent or the judicial character of God, or in
quilt and the eternity of punishment, to
enter in without impediment, and reach, it
may be, the highest position in the Church.
Amiable, learned, earnest, accomplished and
sincere, Dr. Stanley is; but to make him an
Archbishop would be a grand mistake, and
already raises a cry of deprecation, anger,
and astonishment , in Ireland. One of the
Church papers which came out first in an
elaborate eulogy, was so inundated on the
day of its publieation, by remonstrances, that
ne.xt morning it cried peccavi, and joined
in the protest.
I am sorry to say that the Bishop of
London is to be blamed for the " uncertain
sound" he has given for some time past,
and for his virtual endorSement of Canon
Stanley, by employing him as one of his
examining chaplains. It was in conse
quence of articles from Stanley and Kings
ley, (both Arnoldites in their views) in the
pages of Good Words, and the errors sub
tiley introduced in them, and exposed by
-the Record newspaper, that Dr. Norman
l‘lcLeed, of Glasgow, as editor of Good
Words, was much blamed for admitting any
thing from their pens. They write fur him
. no longer. '
" THE EVANGELICAL - WITNESS AND
PRESBYTERIAN REVIEW," is the title of a
new periodical published in Dublin, and
edited by the Rev. John Hall. His own
papers, in the number for October, which
lies before me, are most valuable, and sug
gestive. He has many able volunteer as
sistants, including pious medical men and
others ; and I trust that this excellent maga
zine will have a wide circulation.
A YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIA
TION, in connexion with the Presbyterian
churches is in a flourishing condition, and
there is a News Room and Class Room in
Sackville street, affording facilities of Chris
tian intercourse. There is a goodly num
ber of praying people in Dublin, and the
late meeting of the Evangelical Alliance
served to intensify that Protestant unity
which had previously existed to a consider
able extent.
THE REV. HAMILTON MAGEE conflicts
a Roman Catholic Mission, with great tact
and earnestness, and not without decided
results. Be also looks after "lapsed Pres
byterians" in Dublin, and gathers them
once more into the fold.
THE . RAGGED SCHOOLS for adult males
and females, are still carried on with vigor,
by Miss Whaetley, daughter of the late
Archbishop. My decided impression is,
that the Irish Establishment, with all its
faults of constitution and administration,
including the misapplication of its revenues
in*many instances, is much more useful in
proportion, to its strength and the numbers
.to whom it has access, than is the English
Establishment in England proper. Taking
the Presbyterians into our calculation,
there is a standing garrison in the old Celtic
land of 1,100,000 Protestants. Out of
these spring forth ever. and anon fresh
champions' into the arena, to fight the bat
tles of the faith r and to extend the conquests
of the Redeemer.
" FEEIVIANS we hear of as being a band
leagued together in the United States, sworn
when opportunity offers,-to invade - reland,
andto drive the Saxon from the soil, and
avenge ould Ireland's wrongs. Well, if
they come, they will find a scant welcome,
a warm reception', a "short shrift," and a
speedy expulsion,. captivity'or death. Irish
men though the " Feernans " maybe, there
.are .not ; five priests in Ireland who mould
countenance them. ) the 11,000 constabulary,
trained. to..
.arms,
,would be more than suf.
fiBent'to scatter' thorn - lite 'eliaff: Mitchell
has - no sympathy hero. J. W.