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DAVID SPKINNET & 00. 1
Pittsburgh, Pa,
MORE ABOUT ITALY.
We have frequent letters from our friend
Europe, but all intended fur the private
e. The last one, however, contains sonic
marks which way. be of general interest.
e u.tys :
f‘ My two weeks' visit at Florence was
'ery pleasant, I formed quite a number
, f very agreeable acquaintances. If the
of F. were not so unfavorable in
inter, I would pronounce it a vastly
,referable place to Rome4iir 'invalids, es
.ecially for persons who ve,alone. In the
atter city, a single person OEM scarcely get
lodging place where he will have society,
nless he stays at a botel. There are no
, oarding houses whatever. Iu Florence,
owever, there are many excellent board
ng houses where single gentlemen can stay
nd in a measure enjoy the advantages of
mac society.
Florence presents far greater advan
•ges than Rome in respect to reading
ooms and libraries. Its main institution of
his kind excels, incomparably, both of those
f Rome combined. And to the Protestant
.isitor especially, the religions privileges
of Florence must recommend it vastly
bove Rome as a place of sojourn. I was
uch pleased with the pictures and sculp
ture galleries of Florence. There are three
.ain clogs in the Vatican Museum which
confessedly stand preeminent above all oth
ers in the world, but there is no one col
lection in Rome that can compare with either
of those of Florence. I was disappointed
in the appearanw of the city itself, Some
parts of it are quite pretty, but it is by no,
eans as beautiful as I expected to find it.
The environs, however, are surpassingly
charming. I took two horseback rides in
different directions in that country and was.
.elighted. The scenery excels 'in beauty
nd variety that of any city neighborhood
know of. I was surprised to find Flor
nee quite an expensive place. It wa r s once
oted for its cheapness of rent, provisions,
.lothing, &c. Jt ie now I believe dearer
.ven than Rome. Some of the citizeJs
scribe this to the change of Government ?
nd I saw clearly that its increase of taxes
nder the new regime was a cause of con
.iderable dissatisfaction. And I may here
ate that I am confident, thereis not that
~, o rdial and b weneral 'acquiescence in the su
,remacy of the Piedinontese section, that
,t.ost enthusiastic friends of Italian unifi,
Cation imagined. Besides original sectional
nimosity which still exists, though
latent, there is little doubt that VICTOR
Pd MA.NUEL is far from being personally
popular. He is said to be reserved"in his
manners, and many charge him with
haughtiness and culpable want of sympa
thy with the masses over whom he is at pres
ent called to act In heart, Vilma. Em-
MANUEL has many excellent qualities, but I
cannot myself feel much interest in him,
except as he is connected under Providence
wish the welfare of Italy.
" I attended twice a ivefikly prayer-meet
ing, at Florence, held at the residence of
the widow of the late Rev. Dr. BET ARNE,
of New-York: These: assemblings of
Christians 'front lifereit countries are
quite - interesting. ift:t 'the first meeting I
had the pleasure di seeing one of the Me
dial (the husband) Whose perseeutioa
. by
Rome excited so much feeling p few -years
ago, throughout the Protestant world. He
was dialled on to lead in prayer, which he
did With great apparent fervor. My. 140-
Dotrcut regards him as a truly pious man,
though he'saYs hp has unfortunately. taken
up with the ,pecillier notions of t4e I:ly
month Brethren, and cast in his lot Wlth,
them; '
"Rev. Dr. Itty*yras absent in EnglaUd
during my visit to Fforence. I got acquaint
ed with his wife and found her very pleas
ant. She showed me through the hiiilding
of the Waldensian Seminary, with which I
was. well pleased,. I long to see the Wal
densian Church succeed in the part-she has
undart f alteb with reference to the evangeli
zation of Italy. It is sad to know, how
ever, that there la considerable difficulty in
the way of their suocess. Thintalians do
not regard .them as really identified with
themselves in a national point of view.
This is an unfounded objection and arises
chiefly from the fact that they speak
French, which latter circumstance was ne
cessitated by the persecutions of the
ChUrch of Rome. In the second place,
the Waldensians are viewed by the Italians
us Protestants, a name so stigmatized by the
priests since the Reformation, that even Ital
ians, sincere ,in - the search of the truth, min
uet entirely diveethemselves of their preju
dice against this denomination. It.is un
deniable from history, howe,ver, that the
Waldensians existed' . long before Protest
antism was known as a name. Again, the
Waldenslan form of Chnreh government so
like our own, systematic'and orderly, is not
acceptable to converted Italians. 'They
have been so bound by the Papal rites, that
they are , iiiipatient to excess, of Church re
straint. ,:Another ground of objection, and
perhaps really, though not so manifestly,
the main one, is, the doctrinal views which
the 'Waldensians hold respecting God's re
lotions th his creatures ,as their sovergg4l
Their Calviaism will, .1 fear,,constitute
great barrier to their extenaKe usefulness,
And it may perhaps be as well far the Ital . :
ians in their transition state- not to be
troubled much with the strong meats of the
Word. We may rejoice if they will but
partake at present of the milk, that they
become at least true babes in Christ. The
Italian Free Church, which resembles in
some respect the Methodist, may, be instru
mental of greater. good, in the ,conversion
of the mimes than is possible for the Wal
densian Ohristianc, just „as the Methodists
have done in our country an immense and
glorious work, which we Presbyterians
with our system must have left unaccom
plished. As the Calvinistic ,element is,
however; indispensable to the .perfection of
the Christian, an avowedly Calvinistic de
noihination is doubtless needed in Italy,
and we may be , glad that we have it in the
Waldensians. All good men` should wish
well for, the success of the diffeient denom
inations tiOvVengaged in the worlilof,evan
gelizing Italy. lam sorry to tlay .l that
cannot partake with many in their sanguine
expectations abeut. a speedy and tprough
transformation of the spiritual condition of
the Italian people. In the first place - the
GovOrnment is, I am perfectly satisfia,,ep
posed—utterly so—to the overthrow of the
Papacy as a spiritual system; and it merely
tolerates Protestantism as a necessit y,
founded on. the principle of freedone.of
opinion and action in religion, which it ac
knowledges to be inseparable from a liberkl
Government.
“Againj-the great stir Wirikear . 0f anlOtit
.., .
. . . _
; „;., • :
r „,=, ,r _ .... •i•
... crt- r,-; , .': .)...
I
' bi ...,... P
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' " e A .-- s , - 4 41 .i& . . —.:. :. '
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i . 41
,:s.t ~i., ~,, =-• , , ~, - ' , ~,, , • , .
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• .
VOL. X..l.Na- 48.
the Neapolitan, Lombard, and other priests,
numbering no doubt several, thousands,
goes no farther than' a partial reform.
Very few of these priests , would tolerate
for a moment theAlioughts of an utter sub
version of the Pommy. They wish the
Church to be purer, but "they would turn
away with- abhorrence from Protestantism
as a:.substitute for their venerated Papacy.
My chief. reason, .however, for -doubting
the, speedy accomplishment of at least ; a
thorough work, is, the, lamentable condition
of the mass of the Italiaapeoplein_respect
to instruction' and morals.' .Lornbardy
and Piedmont the people are to a respecta
ble. degree enlightened and, moral, and the
cause is very evt,dent; But in Tuscany, I
learn from reliable statistics, there are only
from ten to twenty' persons in a thousand
who can read. lathe districts thirty miles
around Rome, not one in a hundred has
any knowledge of letters. And in the
Neapolitam „province, oply.one, child in a
thousand likinstructed: Ad' 'to morals, all
travelers:; unite in testifying unfavorably.
And} merely , the lower class
who fail in this respect; the people of rank.
and pretension, with all _their politeness
and plausibility of manner, are to a. great,
extent corrupt in principle,. and unreliable.
in their professions. .The trades-people,are•
notoriously tricky and dii3honest. I doubt
if one .in a hundred would lose a good,
chance of cheating you, sand most of them.
will seldom fail to find a chance, uniss
you are wary. lam sorry to say , that
will,, as a. rule, never hesitate to advance.
their own interests at' the expense. of moral.
principle. It is even necessary,. lam
formed. by Protestant: ministers, to be on.
the watch, in admitting the poor people; ,
especially, into the Protestant , Chureh. It ,
is known &hat maWrial aid, is :rendered fby
Protestants to the, needy of their comtnit, , :
nion, and some have dishonestly professed,
conversion with a view to this benefit.
"That the ignorance and: immorality of the
Italians are the legitimateLresults of the
Papal system cannot, be do'ubtediat leastitY
Protestants. But be the Amuse what
may, they are fearfully prevalent; and., on.
this account mainly, I look upon the thor.
ough leavening of the masses with the
pure principle of the Gospel. as likely ; to
be, humanly speakino. b , a very slow and
gradual mork, though.l trust, a constantly.
progressive ..and certain one, in the end.
think nothing: is gained%bylindulging
reasonable expectations, and, :encouraging
them. in others. ,If .'I differt:erroneously
from, sanguine friends,' I shalbouly b-, glad
to discover my mistake, kik I wish the :very
best for Italy..'
In Nemoriimi,
The only notice I have' seen taken of the'
death of Rev. D. McCoy, is the action of
the Presbytery of Clarion. There are some
things in the life of this deceased, brother
which are interesting, but which could not
be crowded into Presbyterial. action, with
out making the minute too long. A space
in your paper is craved for the following
remarks :
Brother McCay took sick while with the.
103 d Regiment, of,which he was Chaplain.
He endeavored to reach his home, but be
came so exhausted-from-fatigue and suffer
ing, he was compelled to step short' in 'his'
journey, at the residence of-his brother-in
law, Major M. Buoy, in Lewistown, Main
County, this State, where he died June 4,
at 11 O'clock. He was - born in this town,
and though he had bects' absent from it,
with occasional exceptions, from', the time
he entered Jefferson College,' where he
graduated with credit---cinnrig`his theolog
ical course at Prineeton--and'all the time
of his useful pastorate at-;Bethesda, Con
cord and Callensburg churches, a period in
all of between twenty-five and thirty years,
yet a'kind overruling Proiidence brought
him to the place of his nativity, to die
among his kindred, where , he could receive
that attention and nursing' which a sick
and.dying man required, and which it vras
not very likefrhe could have -received. in
any of the hospitals of the- army; among
strangers; 'however attentive they' filight
have- been.
Of the early life of thin dear deceased
brother,' the writer knows nothing person
ally. But -he can states few remarks, by
the Rev. J. Woods, DMlnstor of . the
Presbyterian'ehurch at lieivistown, to some'
of Mr: McOay's friends, on the morning
they left with - his remains for Callensburg. ,
Dr, Woods spoke of brother McCay having'
applied'!for admission to' the church while
very tyoung. As' it was such- en uncommon
thing Tor, so-young a man-to ask church prii
ileoes 7 his father, -who was an Elder, and n
very j udicious man, advised. him to with , '
draw his application at • least for a year,
which 'he did; but on renewing" it at the
expiration of that time, he was most cor
dially received, and continuedf - to be one of
its most conscientious and consistent mem- -
bets.
From what is known. of his business
- habits in after-life, and fearleasness in the
discharge of his duty, it is presumed he
was active and faithful during his collegiate
course. While at Princeton Seniinary,
.testimony is,•borne by his associates to the
:admirable Met he always, displayed in
transacting-business in their Societies. He'
liad the confidence of his fellow-students
was faithful and fearless in the discharge
of-'duty, but at, (the same' time .kind and
courteous in his manner, and eaieful of
giving ',offense. He was always :in his
plitiernt the prayer meeting; and gave lies
undivided' attention to every effort Made
by the students for doing goad. Unshaken
confidence` as had in his piety ; prudence,
and sound-juilginert.
To his judgment, and tact 'for business,
every memberfefthe Presbytery of. Clarion
can testify. =ever was'=any, man more
missed, than was!..our deceased brother at
the meeting of Presbyterynn - the 10th of
June.last. We then-tonk action refer
ence to his death—knew he wdhld - 'never
meet with us again—iiifiltrillywe can say
a solemn feeling came over us all. The
„congregation with which' we met .will not
snort , forget the 'prayers and the addresses
made. at that meeting. F ro n t th e =opening
to the' lose of our sessions there was not a,
prayer offered, but the most:feeling 'allu
sions, were had -to a bereavement 'most
deeply felt ' And some of the members; in
attempting to express their feelings
bear testimony to the -great worth of ~one
whom they knew so well, being on the most
intimate terms with' him from his ;first
coming to the place of his labors . , 'were
scarcely able - to give utterance to what they
desired, and their hearts dictated. It will
be hard to fill his place in our midst, and
his.absenee will be ioncielt- •
E'er the Treebytelien,Banner,
As a preacher he was not only accepta
ble, but decidedly • popular. Our congrega
tions, throughout our bounds, were always
glad when they knew he was expected to
assist on communion occasions. klis min
isterial brethren loved him. In labors he,
was most abundant. Though not rugged.
in appearance, yet he'.possessed great *en
durance, and fagged but little in labor,
however • great. This was particularlYob
served during the Winter of revivals in,
our churches. Fer about four months he,
preached nearly eiery'Alay, OTT what would;
average one sermon a day for that time,)
besides almost incessant efforts in other
things' connected with the, extensive 'revi
vals of that time.
The writer will never forget the willing
and abundant services he rendered on two
revival occasions in each of 'his churches;,
and many, of the subjects of these revivals
doubtless hold his memory very dear. The
same thing, I think, can be said by Other
pastors and churches_ in our Presbytery.
And I know his' own churches, now
mourning his loss, can :and will willlogly,
bear the most decided testimony to the
great faithfUlness with which he performed'
his various duties, and the paternal love he,
always manifested among them. He was,
indeed a successful minister,
„as ;:the pros:
perity of his charches evidently shows.
From his known conscientiousness, we`;
have no doubt but he was faithful in, duty to
the Regiment, of which he was Chaplain.
He entered, upon this new field of usefulness,
with great earnestness. He loved the sol
dierS, the Government, and the, glorious
flag' of his beloved country. His prayers
for the success of, our arms, the crushing
of the rebellion' ,
i the restoration of peace on
a ,solid basis, weremost fervent. In a letter
he wrote to his family ,on the 12th of May,,
he stated : " L found' myself a good deal
fatigued yesterdy, but preached at the
usual time. My . text was; 4 Be strong in
the Lord, and in the:power of his might.'
The atiendapee :was good, and the atten
tion given solemn and earnest." , This was
his last sermon ;, a suitable subject for, a
farewell discourse. Hui Its Sueeess, none
can tell but he who watches over and waters
the seed sown.
His native lapd, and the soldiers, shared
largely in his last thonghts; A very f e w.
minutes before his s ';death„ be clasped his,
hands over' his breast, and uttered a short"
but a most fervent prayer, in Which. he
mentioned'particularly' the soldiers, and
plead -for the restoration of peace to our
troubled land. He was asked, if Ile would
not join in supplicationAr his own recov
ery. Eie replied he, had, and could .ask
that'blessing, but Was perfectly willing to
leave all - in the hands' of his heavenly
Father. His' sister was askedto sing, and
with his voice tremulous and choked:
in 'death, he sang nearly two lines of
" When I can read My Aide clear," &c.,
and soon sank into death's eel& embrace,
and passed to, the mansiona Of . eternal rest,
to be with the God he loved So dearly and
served so long.
At his own request his body was brought.
from the place of his birth, as welt as of
his death, to repose among the dead of his
charge; till that day in which the voice,_ of
the - Sen of Man will call him and his people,
to life again:
The affectionate regard of his people, to
wham.' he will' no longer preach, ;was cony,
spicuously shown 'by the many who went,
out on the way to meet his remains, and
the many more assembled at his home,
now se desolate, to' obtain a last look of all
that was mortal of their dear and beloved
pastor.
The immediate 'cause of his . death, Dr.
Vinvalza, his physician after his arrival
Lewistewn, said, was UleeratiOn of the bow
els: 31e . was in the 4§th. year of his age,,at
the time, of hiadeath. (3 P. C.
Mode of Preaching.
The ,following v from the Epiacopak Re
corderycontains some facts and•; thoughts
which may be ukeful to Presbyterian minis
ters
The advocates of ;Te22,zoriter ,
have s frequently appealed to the,example,of,
Demosthenes, as of,that of an orator who
prepared in manuscript, and then commit
ted his orations This position is effec
tually dispOsed of by the Methodist,, as. fol
lows : .
Modern critics suppose Demosthenes wrote
out his orations, before ,their delivery, be
cause some of his opponents objected that his
discourses " smelt too much of the lamp;,"
but this was only a sneer, and was inferred
from their great 'ability, their close logic'
and .closer diction. These; however, Were,
the habitual talents of the orator. Itt any
extemporaneous' speech, he, could not but
exhibit them, for they had become, by self
" second nature" to bird.' But
what do the orations themselves', show?'
Why,•you can. hardly,turn to ,one of;; them
without perceiving that many, of ,the grand
"eat passages were impromptu, palled out by
'something said, on the occasion, by ahoppo
'nent. Some of tb.e best in style and poiver
were delivered •in reply t& - speakers who
bad preceded = him in the same .assembly p
and deal with their argh , tnents. The , sec
:end Olynthiae, the passionate oration.
- on' Ac the the state of Chersonesus," were
unquestionably thus ,:spoken. The -great'
Oration for the Ormon,lis full cif 'allusions
to what had just been said-by _?Eiichines;.
it is continually breaking out'in extemp'o
'raneous bursts of'allusion: and invective;
'and3 these grand paisages , could-hot be ex- ,
,tracted. without spoiling:the• best effect-oP
the spiech:.. Demosthenes had ample time•
to,prepare , ikete, and- .arguilents4 for
about. eight years4lapsed after the charge
of.lEschinesi before :it was brought to'an
issue in the, glorionsitdebate4 which pre
duerid the greatest speeches offothorators;
but Demosthenes had to follow JEsehines,-
and''answer- , his arguments,,,beardk proba
bly, for the .firstilime, on the spot. We
doubt-not thil, the.anCient orators:prepared,
anxiously, their speeches r =as •every ",ex
temporaneous" .speaker-Ashould-r-but we
know, that their,orations wereinsually.Writ
ten-„out, after, delivery, , for publicationsia.
,fact which somewhat apcouute-for their ap
parently prepareditylei i ,we
, know, 4,lcafit:,
that some of the 'best speptmens of' Coro
and Demosthenes 'must have been,'
proinetu, produced by inue4iate provoca
lions. And one further fact we are sure of,
namely, that they 4ici not
no.
Their'ex
ample affords, therefore, no. 'defence eflOur
modern pipit manuscript oratory—s pre
poster*, an insurmountable impediment,
to genuine elequence, except "in cases of ex
traordinary- genius, like that of Cheimera
an,ex r cePtion which can, hardly be found
once in'an age, and which 613i'sbnyir8,hep
PITTS
transcendently great Amy. might have been
if untrammelled by the manuscript. •
In one point in the above we-entirely.Co
inoide though.as•to the other we disagree:
It it dear we think, that memoriter speak- ,
ingis, not:
is, not con ducive to , true , eloquence ; • but -
we, must dissent from .4ta.,po,*ition thatex
tempore addresses are these.. best fitted. to
the modern pUlpit. Such addresses may
be• the. best in the - Methoditit comraunien,
where,' under the itinerant- system,. the".
preacher it 3, obliged to act as catchist, as .
well as , , expositor.. And such addresses,„
also are very valuable in those less .oulti
vated congregations *here talk, rattier than
disquisition, is necessary to ll' eaure , Ahe
hearers' -attention. But we. , area. confident_
that ,in the, great. majority, of, Episcopal -
congregations, written sermons, at least,
once a week, are necessary. . yr,r,iting, says .
Lord Bacon, makes an =adman ; and the
unwritten sermon is :almost always inertai3t,:' ,
A glieeiplined mind soon reetritaiat itirwant ,
of method, at its loosepess.ofstyle, at its
sameness. And the , unwritten sermon is,.
byfar the'least original, for the. speaker's"'
mind- runs unconsciously, J when it' is:
e t
troubled, to its old and aocu fined . riikirti , ,A%
drags. out, certain familiar_ ti,.. itaintatrceriiii'
the,. Way . of thoughts or illustrations,,tairs
them, before, the audience, aud theaß.lais
them away again, to he brought out again
when he is` next at a loss. ~ .
New at ail this; disciplinedand thought
ful,- minds revolt;. , and it should -be re.col
lected, that it, is disciplin.edi, ,, ,and thoughtful: ,
minds _that give-tone , the, opinion of
others. If they pronounce against the :
minister's capacity to instruct, his intelinc
tual'infinende over otheii is very Much'
The fact is, that, opiniml in the,Episco-;7t:
pal Church,is,returning• to i p,juster,view 9f,
the importance of written!
_sermons..,_ , The
memorial , movement of four or five yeais
ago, while-it- brought' ;much° thit vas' °'
valuable,, .brought up also a great , ileaLof;(.
trashs and among, the latt*, Was the, notion '
that .there was;,n usdiscovred and !poi v
ilized territory called the .4 masses," which
the Episcopal 'Church w*to go outside of
itself to preach to, learning "'for thii"oll*-
pose some new Mysteriondlanguaan .which
these " masses " could alone, un c agstand,
The notion Was, somethiqg tike, that which
Sidney Smitl'i-rdiculed - *nlie declared
that, there Were three sete.s.: men, wninen
and crergymeit, or, like4t.which go,me,of
our New-hlnkland cen tentrtorsries . hold,,tha.t r .
the world BOat oll ,, (?r_,notr,POPP: t
But, this is not true. Pi l e world is not di
vided into lipiseopaliatis,itidthe umpi . i t ":
The greaklindy of our congregations have
very much the same wants as these !'ines,,;ee;"
and the "..masses,"" at least in the, country,
have at „leaSt ss decided,, sprinkling of
educated men as. ourselves. The great
truth _we have to, adapt onrselves to, is, that
the Episcopal. "Church, to.reach thoie cut
'side of her, should take thone,mpans.which
she finds .most; effective, in Arching those,
within. And these , are, .we thinlc, the_
mingled use both of extimppre,anci: written
'sermons, so that the etigines,.of exactness,
and freshness, one side, arid.of col,
loquial freedom _on the„otlief, may,-betlr
emProlTe4.
RG, skyrijapky 12. at 18 0 62.
111 1 P
EIIROPEtkiGOIMENINORICE.
Paiitt Synod- at Rome—The J,apanese.lfartyre
Tlie'Allocution • and , -the Dinner:—Papal Mission
aries Nand Madagasear..;Thi. Dlt'ficulties Of the
Scottish Estomshment, Despled by theWobgaty.,:
Traymition.State, of: I'r'eelingand-Tendeneiee,eo o te.
Litufgg and Atone—Dr.Oppnictian!'
—The IL -2).'s and '" Attitudes in Woiehip'!--
.
Failure of the -Eetablishment in Largez•Toiane--
.Banktutitcy, of Town Crouneiy thereby-,A
able Future rhre:. Irtsla Deputation .akthe .firee
Aaa ly—lmmigmtion of r S:epteh4,.,FnmitieA to,
freltend—Ynoriale of 'Education--)l , issiats •
,quel
A3eliooli Oonnought—l&iiiii of' :"Utifer Re
Preebyterian sisitoV Hieterrid al ..eitnunutc
—Manseevanki.Americas Pastore.
LONDON, June 12,'1.862. '
A ROAD SYNOD has been continued"
day after' at R o me..' The Tame cor:
respondent says : "Never was BeraeSo full
of black coats---a most ominons assemblage.,
In Tact _ the greaf - Clerioal demonstration
which is - being Made.may lie, regarded r as :
th:e %last sad attention. Offerea'to departing
greatness. Here we have by the Allousa,nd,
the guides .and directors of' the Roman
Catholic 'Apostolic Church': Dr:'Wiseman''
from - England ; the'Archhiehop 9,136'04* i
and the Bishop of Orleans. Hungary
represented by a dignitary drives
about - with - a 'hussar •behindhim;'wearing,
apricot-colored boots, and a sabre
„bilis '
side. Spanish bishops are 'here," '(M: De
Morode greatly offended,theseshovel-hatted
and numerous dignitaries;by intrf44, 0 5. 1 4g ,
them to the Pope as fg the Spanish fleet I")
" while prelates, AVM the ; East have also
arrived to belster up what may be said to
be at last gasp.-=the temporal power ef
the hrimble Pisherman ; The French Pai n
dinals did not arrive tilliate in the'week ;
but Priests and friars ard'iirec4ble, and
give' evidence of -Strength toe byr . the
shout, ( Long live the temporal *yer of .
the Pope I'
The Canonization of the Japanese mar
tyralasted six hours, and was attended:by
44 Cardinale and'243•Bishopi r beildeS the
Diflomatie•Corps The Marquis deL a
-
letter the Emperor's AnaliaesadOu'i.4
'GoYoni,made a Senator+--ind'i(known OS=
my of the TeniporalTower; made hyps
critical offering i(by his Inastei'S•il l eSire',
,course,)' of 3,,000 frantic to the expenses. of,
the ceremony ! The" Canonisation itself
was•apretenee , to bring togeth.lk this'Papal
, ,
; Synini,_and disgusts the world'' ; ':The tine
animus Comes' out in th'e'P,epe's Allocution;,
'reasserting his' purpose :,.deploring dan4re,,
end, yet encouraged in his obstinacy ti by:the
unanimous 'adherence Of the assembled
bishops. After the ,All9nution, they
went to dine with . the Pope. lam - sure
one Cardinal ' R io , a 'proininent part
st that after Wi)ertissement, and venture to
surthise that Archbishop Hughes would do'.
full justice 'else to the banquet. Very
proud are :these men.;;: very' boastful `are
their words but dark clouds of inisgty,ing,,
and " ghosts"" worse than. that of Itankuo,
Inuit,' flit across their horizon. Their day
_of reckoning will come ; meanwhile
French Bishoph have di4itched i a large,
body of priestS:te Aye
Bibleiti there before the7ni, and phrispatill
is King,.
,Nitiliehotile•Xstah
lished,,,C4T44. of ,ScotlgAtinvelved
by sulmitting the',State,yoke, in, 1843,
are wsxing _serious,. especially. _inasmuch as
if Lord ,AboX4Pel4ol.ati•onne is
amended by Parliatnent r it pnly "• shift
the _collar,f ; , and pot remove the bArtien •
Dr. Candlish r in a powerful speech -in--
the. PreeloChurith 'Assemblye : exposed the
otm4thirhiPaialittlit6iiteentir
ridienled_theit. a,bj ect.positien,even in the
the new bill which they wish--pelhaps in
vain—the Legialature"`to 'pass. And after
all, has the Scottish Establishment secured
iithin its pale , :the Scottish • nobility?
Verily, with.ls; few ,exceptions, no. The,
late „General .A.,sseinhly, was closed by , an
address from ,the' of ,the kocyzator,
(Di:Biseet,) in which the , desertion of the
nobility- was ackilOwledged: But it was
scarcely: just to' ascribe this to,the Disrup.:
tie)] forthe n heritorn and landed pro prietors, ft i erce against, the .secession,
,not
only in some cases refused; sates for churches
public opinion benaine 'too strong for
them, but they also said to one another;
Let , us .staud lg . :Established Institutions
7 -,det us:rally round the, dhurch and
thus,they too were *oderates with a ven
geance, or to use` :a well-known phrase ap
plied firdt'to the clergy , of the last century,
who'foiteit.minisCers onparishes with com-
tanies, of dragoons,: fierce .in !'modera
tion." Referring to the n Disraption, Dr.
isset said : •
t "At that (lute,, now nineteen years ago, a„
numerousvery'
- W; orminintera, on grounds
Ihich 'seemed to thoin-gaatisfautinyvaeparatect
ont.the Qhurch of
.'their fathers, and, took with
them' a large proportion of their much-attached
flocks, inc.Si) that great defection occurred,.
another has been,,in,progress,numerically much, :
smaller • hut Whicti, in cotijunctfon with, the
Other, has,produced many organic- changes in
the, pondition of t , Scotland. The, descendants ;
the Lords of the' Congregation, attached to the
Protest ant- faitirand to the principle, of an Estab
lished Chut:ch, ,had, with few exceptions,. felt it
hitherto a duty to worship along with their own
people; :when. SP' great a division "among'
thetic.49Rk Pisci.S.;a , large,proportion of our , axis
tocraoy (in, many, oases not without a great in 7,
'ward struggle) felt at liberty to consult their own'
predilections and, join:, the , Episcopal- Church.
Edticated many of them are in the Southern
'find 'c&the - island, they tieciinie at an
,age when
: the heart is tender and most. susceptible of
strong religions impressions,,,attached to the
Common "Prayer and more imposing liturgical
:worship- of 'England;- yet but, , for the , great
schism. that had tecßurrS4, there.
to belieVe' they would have withdrain from
the services of the National Church, theirlirea-•
once at which- -was...the- proximate cause of so
many advantagek" ;
He next descanted at,somcol ngth. on the
strong and growing desire amongcongre
gations of the 'Establislimentirt' towns, for
changes in the form of.worship. 1 Now for
myse,if,,l do, not wonder that there is a de
sire_fOr sore, change, and, that there is some
ileago . ,nableness in what is proposed. Let
us honestly confess that worship in song
and prayer has been` too much neglectedin
,Presbyteriankfamilies:;, that there-is; a teti=
deny to: -irreverent -impatience • de
votional exercises, and in s .. Scotland espe
cially, a rush from the church before the
benediction is well. pronounced:;' and - that
(f to heen'm the'sermon'-is toe frequently he
business.tfor which people come. For my.
part, I believe that there is a kfrAiu, e§s, about
our Presbyterian service which,Congrega
tionaliat worship has not--that the Presby- .
Orion forbidding (in'Scotland;) of byMn
singing-and - of- the'-uso Of the, , Organv 'is 'a
grand mifitake 3 .especially here,iniErigland,l
and that the rising Presbyterian generationl
in both parts of this island pre in, danger.
of being. drawn, away from '.the Church of
their fathers by' a' rikkaiti, which is 'far
mare Piritan in - the: , strict sense- of the ,
wordythan r, it=is Scottish. Itlis-worthy
retuembrenee..that the, eottish. ,practiee, of
. `",` w as sitting d uring singing w not adopted
Sccitland in KnOxa - daYs, and that it was
:imported from England after; and 'in coo
exion - with„ , :r.thu• Westminster , Assembly:
I : Nay, .John Knoxts !forms. of ...prayer,:mere
;not disnsedtill,about that time And now,
let us hear Dr. tiSset's,statement:
cannot conceal frOni,ourselves that,
opinron =(or 'if you will, taste;'sen
timen4 feelingO' is a state , rapid. tran
sition,---transition• ultimatelyAraceable per
haps, to, the conviction ,that. men, owe to
the Lord, in,overy .regard,the best of all
they possess. ' That'a largo preportion - Of
Our-people in the most -intellectual and re
fined congregationseightfora least a•prac
✓ticaliresnmption of what was,in,use for an
hundred years amongst vs," (the reference
hareiii to KnoX's Liturgy) " after the Re
ferided 'Faith was introduced, and whet'in
,perfeot harinotry4vith , free prayer, long o`p--
mated most beneficially in several _of: the'
'Continental Churches, framed on the same
model as our own. To frown ,on. .auch
changes, is to declare' to ~o Ur,, ebuiktrYnien
most advanced- in religions sentinigreand
musical Mate, and..whose.,deVotional f feel
ings are martietl f -if,l,may l say..so,rto the
-more refined and soul enrapturing concord
of - sweet sounds; that they' trinstlnd a rest
ing place for their spirits beyond the Pale
thooNati on aloC hurchi
Though ,I have earefullytabstained: from.
mentioning, my r cony i iction, ~that much,
greater. elasticity in the, mode of condnetL
iug 'our worship " . would binder, the blessing
of llim who is-the..-God of übity,-oot. of
ssmenessp give .the best hope , of..reviving
and strengthenix% our. Ohurehi yet •It \is
d*„to,,say l thst,mapy clergymen and mem-`
hers of phe, Church of Scotland, not the
last in name, acquirenients and worth, have
frequently - discussed'-the matter • With me,
and lave arrived ! . at the Lsame.,conclusion.'?
. I quote oneirdy for ,the 'purpose- of'
.showing that the,,-Scottish Establishment'
is in bad plight, and, that While Dr. Bisset
Mat be e right conifetiod i iet
English Littircii3ali. forms- are sure -to.outbill.-
anyoSeottish greater elasticity?" with the,
highest classes , Scotland. tigt.t,
there is a transition, condition. from-past
rigidity; is . pretty, evident, and it., made'
progreow. sn fir among the Tr. P. 'Preshyte.:
rians as.-to lead- , (somedyearslaao;)' to-the
adoption...,ofpallymtt Book, anlfain- some
congregation to a},change. of t , attio.des,irt.,
~public worship,' The, following F is a re
cent illustratiOU'as, given by the` ' Glasgow
AfdiiingVournal-of the 9th instant :
•tYeatorday , ;the congregation of:Erskins, (U.'
r.):glurPh, South ,Portland street, : (Rev-
Driuntuditd's,) adopted the'practice of standing
durinupraise aid kneeling, or rather sitting, 1
durinprayer.;Hitherto thia r a le has been par-,I
tially m '
operation but up till yesterday it has.'
been.-.Sustemary.to•-staiawhile singing only at
the ,camluding, serAise i ,cf praise at,each diet.
Yesterday moriing, in stating the wish of the
session on thetsubjeatiMr. Dinnimond intimated
that. fours no ; ;person . should bkadmitted, to
; the church during devetio4l exercises, nor dur
ing the ordinary reading of the chapter ; per
ties i whoshould lkapperLto lateito be allowed
entrance ,at. an interval succeeding AlkeSe respec
.tive exereises'which,, Would be afforded for that
,-purpose.''- •
F l ',ee- ,, Phurc+h now. ;Ykt.4allY;,holtis
the *li f tablishinent principle in .abeyance,
',and' is relatively it'd really more powerful
than she ever was: . If; - 'as is Probable, she
andithe United Presbyterian.;Ohireli merge
intouone :great ibody within the. nextiten
years—what with defections to Episcapa,
-cypg,rowing.dislike.towEstablishments, and
StatetOntrol, and. to fiheleeulent-moderat
,irAilliVii stilt 'fittrat4ol4**6l4
711,
WHOLE NO. 511.
parishes- 7 -the" Church of ,Septland " will
become a miserable minority. Both in Ed
inburgh, Paisley, Glasgow, and Dundee,
the Town Councils have the presen
tation to the city churches, and. are bound
to,pay.the' ministers their:stipends,) find
that the seat-letting, is totally inefficient to
defray' the neeesAll expenses, and"Thas
the town revenue§ and taxation are most
seriously affected.. , The Councils of - both
Edinburgh and , Paisley are said to "be in-
solvent through their churches!'
The Irish Assembly's Deputation at the
Free . Chareh Assembly, delivered addresses
of a, most interesting character. Mr. No-'
Naughton, of Belfast, formerly of the High
Church, Paisley,, appeared
,at the head of
the Deputtion. The following passage is
from his very able 'speech on that„ ansition
conditioU through which Irolona is pass-
ing, and which Doetei •Maohale is keen
ennugh . '
Ireland 'has •of late years. been-undergoing.
greater economic changes than any other portion
of the'.kitikdnin: When nen you' that; within
the t short period. of nineteen .years—since-the
•pemod of the Pisimpton--,E3199„9,0,0 1 .w0rth of,
lag& hay_e ehc3. Disruption—
in the naturrtherea and
Landed 81. Wirt, involving a change of
property, and, introducing an immense amount
of capital, energy,. and agricultural skill, that.
are telling -confessedly upon the -aspect of the
country—assimilating Ireland more to Scotland
add England than former times; and that
these changes like those Which . Dr: 43egg brought
out so admirably the . other evening in his r. ct Re
port on Houses for the Working Classes, ", will
naturally tell upon the peitPleyou will easily
see that they give us facilities of a peculiar
character for the introduction, of. the Gospel.con
mirrent. With these economic changes: Changes
•as . great.in ,thei population-have heen•going on
no less extensive. Two tides have been stream
ing - Over Ireland - -•-•one in the direction of Aus
' tralia and• America, to some extent also to Scot-
land and England, going, out of Ireland; and
another; °Maki corning into Ireland from Scot
land; - r4tnd I,:trtst in'its character and canna-
quences, like ;the .gulf streams, .whickbring. fer
tility, and health. Generally speaking, the out
going, element , has bein a Roman. Catholic ele
ment, the incoming a Protestant 'element, and es:
pecially a Presbyterian element from Scotland.
(Applause:) lie doubt that these two
changes,together, the cittgoing and the incoming,
will tend to make the South and West of Ireland
seiriewhai like 'Ulster; and like the changes
which.toCk place, Seine years ago incur own be
loied land. In 1848, the population of. Ireland
in round numberi eight millions and a quer-
ter,;_ 1861, itf was five and three-fourth millions,
making a deorease on the. gross population of
two and a half - millions, or nearly the entire pop
ulation. of Scotland, if you except 'Edinburgh
and Glosgow. You may thus have an idea, from
the decrease of the population on the one hand,
and the introduction ot'capital on the - other, of
the ,economic .changes ; that are,going on in , lre
land. The great La/.98 of the population who
have lenthouie consisted, as I have said, of the
Romish element;
,while of those who have come
to Ireland, there have been hundreds from Scot
land, tending to change 'still more the relative
proportions of Roman Catholic and Protestant,
giVing accessions , that. constitute centres of light
and influence to the Protestant Chinches in,,,the,t
dark land. I have here a map drawn up by Mr.
Bliller„Prince's Street, Edinburgh, with red dots
showing upon it the . places where Scotchtnen had
settled;. , and I put Mute' the hands of 'the Mod
erator for his information. This map waslndica
tive at once of' the migratory and also the grega
rious' character of our Scottish countrymen.
You will, observe that ; ft ;large number have,come ,
from Scotland, and that wherever a SCOiChtilala,
has fixed himself, others hav'e'cOthe and. settled
down beside him. (Applause.),,„ .
The Irish Presbyterian. Church has been
wise enough to avail itself of that Nation
al system Of Education Aid', with all its
flexibility, is so detesta by the Ultramon
tanists both inrand out: of Parliament, and
Mr. MeNaughton states ; that there is not a
Presbyterian school c,onneeted with it in
which " we have not liberty to teach the
Bible and the Shorter Catechism. More
than. this; the power of reading among the
peasantry •,is , enormously 'developed. In
1843; there were only 282;000 child ren
the national, Sehools, out, of
,a population
of eight millions and three
,4uerters : in
JB6l out of a population reduced to five
millions and three quarters., the 'number
was' 804,000 children in the same. schools,
showing, an
. increase •of half a million, in
leis than twenty years!. ; Thus," a. suitable
field" is op4ned up for the employment of
-colportente to scatter the Bible and other
religious beaks over large districts of 'lre-''
land,.mhere,fortnerly tnhave sent the Be
hie, would have, been to spend money and
strength in, vain." '
The Churches alSo are now seeking to
evangelize a °binary whilih'so long 'was
neglected. The , Episcopalians have a Vig-'
orously managed mission; the ..Independ-.1
eats, the Methodists, and the Baptists are
each engaged - in missionary operatiens in
the country; the 'United Presbyterian
Church ikwalking. your , lootsteps, and
have this year t resolyed organise 41,MiS
sion to Roman Catholies,,makig,Publin
the 'centre of their, operations. I also re
joice to learn that' men of truly evengeli
cal spirit in the Established Chuich of
Scotland, look to Irelandas a•glorious field'
'to organise a mission to- Roman
The recent . Agrarian murders—shielded
and sympathized with by the peasantry—
were'referred to by the speaker, and amid
lend tokens Of assent and approval, - he
avowed his conviction that the' ." Confes
sional," is, the, murderer's encouragement,
for'" he feels and knows that he can obtain
absolution for critne."' All the inore,
thereare, should the Oluirefies seek. to res.
,cuerLreland ," from the fangs of. Popery."
At the same time Mr .MeNauabton -said
that the present .was littl,e7.more than
time of " sowing," and that there is no,
r,coiintry connected 'with ourselves that is'so
strongly impresselzvith the Ultramontane
spirit, and the religion of,the. people iS be.
coming,more and repro that of Mariolatry.'
The external prosperity of Irish, Presby
,terianism was pointed out, in the J . act, that
within the last !even or eight years the
missionary contributions "bid risen from
seven or: •eighetuabout fourteens thousand
pounds, ,and that-R.60,000 :had, been col
leaked for churches and ,manses,. The . ex-,
tension of
was
Church to the West of
Ireland was also delioribed by'annther mein
berof the Deputation, 11e.1.Rer.4. L. Ren
ton'. Not less than one thousand Scottish
families have emigrated ; . thither and six
new cengregations.have been organized re
.Oetilly. Then, in Connaught, thsre are
twenty-three' missionaries, or stated` Min
isters—twotof them;converts froM Roman-
ism. To, , aid these laborers, there are
• twfatY SPriP.flire , Readers, fOurteenof whom
paid one. year,;15,396 Yisi,ts,,and„.con
versed nearly 40,000 ,persons on the
subject of personal Salvation. As the re
suleof this miesion;ininiteen *new congre
gations have been organized; and eleven
new_ churches:end ten poinfortabl,e manses.
erected. There are now twenty-one mission
fle[tfs, with forty-three mission stations.
There are besides, fifty-sik day and Sabbath
schools, , in. which' , 9;680 children have re-
Ceigglka 601L/Arg.ligioqs..educatiottz,elleave.
Allik ' l 4f , B"f 't1:4),n§6044141414
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PROPRIETORS AND PUSLISILERS
of these children, and never have I found
young persons better instructed in the doc
trines of our holy religion."
The present fruits of the Irish Revival
in 1859, were specially noticed by the
Moderator of the Irish. Assembly, in answer,
as it were, to the natural inquiries, "Have
all the effects, of these awakenings passed
away ? Are ' there any blessed results ?
Arc you still of opinion that it was a work
of grace, and a time of refreshing from the
presence of the Lord e'
Here, again, I epee* with all due humility and
caution. I believe ,that, during that wondrous
time of revival there .were three hands at work
in Ireland—the hand of the devil, sowing tares
among, the wheat; the hand of man, intermed
thing with the works of the Lord; and the hand
of the Spirit, doing wondrous things in righte-
Oneness. Much of the excitement—l, might say
almost all' of it—has passed away. Much of the
good seed, I grieve to say, growing up from
what,we did not at the time conceive to be stony
teound, his met with the fate predicted in Scrip
ture, and boa borne no wheat. But there re
mains still: to the praise and glory of the grace
of God abundant blessed fruits, that testify to
the great fact that God was working in the midst
of ;Ireland, gathering in ;the precious souls of
men. We can say, upon the best authority, that
very many precious souls have given evidence of
having undergone a true work of conversion, and
are now living in the fear of God and for his
glory. We have found that, after all abatement
was made on the score of excitement and mere
emotion, and after all abatement was made on
the score of those who, only fancied they were
under Divine influence, but who turned out to
have been laboring tinder some kind of decep
tion, there , stillyremains authenticated oases of
admit' conversion. There also remain many cases
of precious vuickensng of God's own people, who are
being roused and relied to higher development
of the Christian life, and are becoming standing
evidences 'of God's mercy in the midst of a be
nighted people. There has been, moreover, a
large addition to the number of those who steadily
wait upon ordinances, and the number of children at
tending our Sabbath Schools and other means of
ministerial instruction. .Besides. what I have men
tioned, there is another gratifying proof of the
good of revivals, "viz., that those laboring in the
ministry have far less difficulty than. before in finding
suitable agents to carry on our schemes of Christian
enterprise, and Christian benevolence. (Cheers.)
I believe the foregoing to be a sober and
trustworthy-estimate of the results of the
"year of grace," although these have by no
means fully developed themselves, espe
cially in the increased supply of the. Gospel
ministry, and the higher platform to which
the professing people - of God are rising as
to prayerfulness, zeal, and domestic piety.
At a recent meeting of the English Syn
.
od,in London Mr. Moore, of Ballymena,
gave a similar '.statement, adding, that Bap
tists corning over from England had adopt
ed an intensely proselyting polity, and had
induced. some to be dipped "—so that the
spirit of schism ,and contention had mani
fested itself. I believe this was chiefly the
ease at Ballymena, Colerain, and London
derry: I trust, however, that these things
will " falLout,'! after all, "for the further
ance orate Gospel."
The Moderator of the Free Church, in
his address to the Deputation, gratefully
referred to 'thee - sympathy of the Ulster
people with the struggles of the Evangeli
cals before the. Disruption, and to the extra
orclinery,welcome and hospitality received
in several visits from them. "We found
even the trish ministers coming forward to
contribute to our funds—denying them
selves luxuries tharthey might supply our
treasury , with needful means. The fact is,
we came 'away from Ireland to fight our
battle, here, like, giants refreshed with new
wine.'
He concluded as follows : "I am happy
to find that you are taking possession of
the land.on the other side of ,the Channel.
You are very, like the Israelites of old,
when they, went into Canaan; you have got
a footing in the country, and I hope you
will go on and ne'ver rest until you are suc
cessful in 'driving out ignorance, supersti
tion, priesteraft, and Popery, and shall ex
terminate. the Hivites and . Pereyzites
the land. [Laughter and loud cheers.] We
gibe you a hearty welcome, and with the
greatest delight afil'pleasure, and from the
bottom of oar hearts, we say, God speed
you." , [Loud cheers.] .
ME rPRESBYTERIAL IlisTortroaL AL
mANA.O f0r,1862,, was handed to me a few,
days ago by a minister from Canada, sent
by Mr. 'Joseph Mt - Wilson, the publisher.
This admirable, ecimpiehensive, and unique
publication needs no eulogy from me. No
man not _thoroughly industrious, accurate,
and :I ,may say , enthusiastic in the right
sense of •the word, could get up such a
-Work as this. - The portraits of Moderators;
engravings of churches, schools and col
leges ;- biographies-:of ministers, elders, and
missionaries, (a very interesting feature of
the volume,) and,ether contents, present to
the ' universal, Chriatian faintly a remarka
ble amount of inforthation, and tend pow
erfully to promote and cherish a true esprit
du corps amongst Presbyterians the,mselves.
I am particularly gratified to find that the
Editor of this volume has Made such an
effort to stimulate manse-building in the
United States, and pained to see from the
returts,made, that there are thousands of
Presbyterian,pastors without manses. Often
have ,I referred to this matter in the emcee
of my " correspondence,",and when I know
how;, in Scotland and in the North of Ire
land, manses are not the exception, but the
desire , all the more earnestly the
day when; " Meek-eyed • peace " , restored-ito
your cenntryr, and= with ,returning, tel
presperity, and - a fresh baptism of -life,
light,' love-.and , liberality vouchsafed' to
your churches; the standard of 'Ministerial
income will be-,nniversidlY 'elevated, 'and
Presbytery '.more,thoroughly consolidated by
a manse side by,aide w4hthe,.citurch and
the schobl, in every paris hand distriet.
J. W.
ilitlf!Pay:4!reactting.
The,disqu9ign the,-late Getwalulte
senibly (old ot C010g1134339., on
the support of the ministry, 'brought out
the truth, that when " - a minister is in
debt; or tie -crippled . itt his resources, he
loses:about half the,,working = power of <his
brairo When., wi,ll, congregations,', learn
the truth, „that as,they,stint their.preacher,
or are tardy or negligent in paying their,
dues, they rodioe'the quality of the
preaching:—Advocats.-
Atrkan..L. E.. Charahi
There are, in the,Afrioan M.,Emeliktrebi
in the Unite4-§4tes, from thirtlAP fortY ,
tbouiatid tientbers and threpiseopaL
distrieth, under Bishops tE
ops Quinn,qutnn Paine,, and,
Nairey, respectively. Bishop PairA repVer
sents the work under• his earemilflourish=
ing, and says thatsinee the, war,eommeneed.t
he has extended his lines ,„eight miles.
South of Washington, where - he .has estab i
lished a.ohureh under 'the - care of °imp°.
-tentatnissionary, who iSisisuiedidf aase..e
ation-frona the Gtiventmenty