give Gen. Sumner the comniand'.of a division 'of the army of the Potomac. Mr. St ille, a refugee from New Orleans, reports that Commodore Hollins fell into disgrace after the affair at the mouth of the Mississippi, in con sequence of his failure to fulfil any of the prom ises made in the flaming bulletin of hie victory. He represents the rebel mail system as a com plete failure. Chance governs the movements of all letters and papers, and money inclosed hardly ever reaches its destination. Col. Charles Frederick Havelock, late of the British army, and brother of the late Gen. Have lock, has been appointed an Aid to Major-Gen. McClellan, with the rank of Colonel, andassigned to duty as Inspector General of Cavalry, his late position at home. Compie DeVilittroan, an experieaced French officer, has also been appointed an Aid to Gen. McClellan; with the rank : of Captain: • The Government con tractlor . 460,000 yards of sky-blue army cloth has been awarded at $1.021, 200,000 yards double-width at $2, and 100,000 yards dark blue do. at $2.70 per yard, to Messrs. Bullock Co. Nov. 28 —float IL tJt :71ValltertPubliebes in a 'Washington paper an appeal for Congress to make an appropriation for the relief of the suf fering millions in Ireland. The Convention to organize the new State of Eanaw ha out of Western Virginia, met at Wheel ing yesterday.and,organized. ,Thirty -sent oonn ties were representici, and all therrnembers took the with of allegiance. A communication in the Detroit Free Preis, im puted to General Cass, justifies Wilkes' seizure of Mason and Slidell, and says that it was in strict accordance with the position of our Government on the right of search question,i'as maintained in the correspondence of the British Government in 1858. Col. Berdan will grant no more commissions to raise companies of sharp-shooters for his Bri gade, as enough have already been granted to more than will fill it. Those wishing to join this corps must enlist under Captains holding commis sions prior to the present date. Spencer's new repeating breachloading rifle was tried by a board of army officers, by order of (Sen. McClellan, on Friday. They made a satis factory report and recommended its introduction into the service. News from the South. Baermosn, Deo. B.—The Old Point boat has arrived, bringing Southern newspapers, from which the following items are gleaned: The reported removal of the rebel Capitol from Richmond is denied. The Southern papers are advocating the aboli tion of the elective franchise. The latest 'advietis *out Pendacola represent that the fight had not 9 been renewed. The ac counts say that had the fire from Fort Pickens been continued, Fort Mcßae would have been destroyed. No particulars of the affair are given. The planters throughout the Southern sea board, are represented to be destroying their crops, lest they should fall into the hands of the Yankees., . A conspiracy of Union men in New Orleans had been discovered, causing great excitement in the city. Many euspeoted persons had been arrested. . Loony - tux, Dee. B.—The Bciwling Green Courier, of the 29th ult., says that a party of rebels went yesterday to Franklin to arrest some dozen Unionists. The latter retired within a house and fired, killing one rebel, when the re mainder set fire to the house, burning it and all the Unionists therein,,exoept two. Preparing for Rough Weather. Orders from Washington to the manufacturers of army tents have had the effect to expedite operations in their manufacture, to a large de gree. At the principal point of 'supply from this icinity, the mammoth mills of Garsed & Bro., t Frank ford, Pa., work has just been commenced y night as well as day. The mill was previously ,nning fourteen hours per day. Most of its ~achinery will now be run without cessation, 1 undays only excepted. Within an incredibly .space of time the mill has , produced ma erial for over twenty thousand tents, and still has a heavy task before it. The firm has re -ently effected an improvement in tent cloths, at enhanced cost of but three cents per yard, ipon the merits of which the War Department, B now considering. The canvass, made almost mpermeable as sheet-iron, is 'saturated in cant '•houc by a process which renders it impenetrable .y water, and excludes the wind as effectually as a stone wail. The preparation tones down the color to a drab, very pleasant to the eye, and ',free from the glare imparted by white cloths.— North American. The Perils of Peace, The Richmond Dispatch, of November 14, says: De Bow's November Review has an admirable article entitled the "Perils of Peace." The ob vious danger of an immense Yankee immigration, which will abolitibuize4he bortier. States at the ballot box, unless such restrictions are placed upon the exercise of snftrage as will prevent them from ever having a vote, are painted in letters of ight. We have often referred to this danger as which, if not provided against in time, will ler all the blood and treasure expended in war entirely profitless. The 'same writer m contends that, while our present foreign pop- Mon, which has proved so gallant and faithful the Southern cause, should retain the posses of every right which they now have, the privilege,should not be conferred upon fu emigrants to'this country: iertign GREAT BRITAIN. t the Lord Mayor's banquet, London, Mr. I.MS, the American Minister, in response to toast to the Diplomatic Corps, said he was 2e to cement the friendship and good feeling ,isreen the two countries. Lor,d,,Palmerston unteered a reply, in which he assured Mr. .t.ms that his Government had his Lordship's )athiea ; that he hoped soon to See-peace re d to our country ; and that England would, e end, be greatly advantaged by the war, in ing for her supplies of cotton' from other roes than the United States—a very sensible of the case. The speech of Lord Palmer in was in the moat conciliatory and friendly n keeping with this, is the action of the Brit- Government in sending arms to Canada..., No cannon are to be sent there the present sea , ns was intended, on account of the prospect closing of the St. Lawrence. England, ap may, has not taken the first stop in view of obable collision with the United States. !he TimeB attributes the inactivity in the Be nd for cotton in India to lingering hesitation to the 'American supply, but says that other .cumstances have also operated forcibly to such •esult. The real cause of the present stagna is not scarcity of cotton, but the absence of a and for calico, the markets of the world be glutted with Lancashire goods. Manufao )rs, in curtailing operations, are doing what y must have done sooner or later, irrespective the stoppage of the American supply. Wednesday, November lath, by Rey. J. T. Fredericka, VANEMAN MOBILE tO biles Rom PATTERSON ; alt of ‘tiligtou County, Pa. On Wednesday,, November 20th, tONERT COLLY, of Florence, Pa., to MISS LIMAS LOGAN, of ttetown, Pa. the 4th ult., by Rev. 8. P. Kinkald, Mr. GItAtIT ). On the 2fub of November, Mr. O. Bonito, of ngfielri, Missouri, to Miss MonaLAND, near Jack- PH- the residence of the officiating mintater, Rev. George Tdd, 'Wellsville, Ohio, September, llth,, Mr. Isaac of Belmont County, Ohio, to Wee Marti* ANN r, of Monroe County, Ohio. On Noetimbet 12th; at the •nce of the bride's hither, Mr. WASUINOTON 1421.80 N to JOANNA. A. GRIFFITH; ail Of Monroe County, Ohio. November 2let, by Rev. 7, P. Kennedy, Mr. ALEXANDER r to 3liss ANN LYDICK; all of Indiana County, Pa. Adams' Mills, Ohio, November 17th, by 'Rev. A. R' Mr. JAmes S. MARQUAND to Min MARY E. CAVE. 2ltit, Mr. JAMES It. Baia, to Mee Pusan A. Cora; ' Muskingum County, Ohio. voinher 16th, by Bev. T. G. Scott, Mr. J.M. SNEVELY to ELEANOR PIGMY, 01 Carroll Cuably, Ohlo. • tober Met, by Rev. R, CEBBOII, Mr. /SALM MASKER IEB REBECCA ARNOW. Novem ber 14th, Mr. 11111,016 MAR. HIES ORTUARINE Gclact. November 21st, JAngs • to Mire Erzzi,N.Bor,pasto; an of Jefferson Oman I, hifitarg. iouNcznctrre, GILATIFI t ADDITIONAL RINILLAItg, A LINZ, NINE WORDS DILICI'A Liam.) • t—On November 7th, of consumption. bk. JOHN 'SON, of North Huntingdon Township, Westmoreland Pa., aged 14 years. -Ou Novsmbor 20th, of gamma detilliy, Mrs. ,f North Iftustingdon TownshlP, , Westmorelarol Co.. ST years]. ,04 n. November 221, entidenty, Mr. THOMAS Ma North Huntangdon Tp., Westmoreland Co., PA iNovembqr.Z4th, Mrs. ELIZA ANN MIDSZAR, untingdou 4114, Westmoreland County, re, aged ME PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. Fedlow Citizem of the Sonata and House of 'Representatives': • In the midst of unprecedented political troubles, we have cause of great gratitude to God for unusual good health and most abundant harvests. You will not be sur prised to learn that in the peculiar exigen cies of the times our intercourse with for eign nations has been attended with pro found solicitude, chiefly 'turning upon oar own domestic affairs. A disloyal portion of the American people have, during the whole year, been engaged in an attempt to divide and destroy the• Union. A: nation which endures factious domestic divisions is exppsed to disrespect, abroad, and one party,. if not both, is sure, sooner or later, to invoke foreign intervention. Nations thus tempted to interfere are not always able to resist the counsels of seeming ex pediency and ungenerous ambition,although measures adopted under such influences seldom fail to be unfortunate and injurious to those adopting them. The disloyal citizens of the 'United States, who have offered the ruin of our country in return for the aid and comfort which they have invoked abroad, have received less patronage and encouragement than they probably expected. If it were just to suppose, as the insurgents have Seemed to assume, that- foreign nations, in this case, discarding all moral, social and treaty obligations, would act solely and selfishly for the most speedy restoration of commerce, including especirlly the acquisition of cot ton, those natior 9 appear as yet, not to have seen their way to their object more directly or clearly through the destruction than through the preservation of the Union. If we could dare to believe that foreign nations are actu•ited by.no higher princi ple than this, I am quite sure a sound ar gument could be made to show them . that they can reach their aim more readily and easily by aiding to crush this rebellion than by giving encouragement to it. The prin cipal lever relied on by the insurgents for exciting foreign nations to hostility against us, as already intimated, is the embarrass ment of commerce. Those nations, however, not improblably, saw from the first that it was the Union which made as well our foreign as our domestic com merce. They can scarcely have failed to perceive that the effort for disunion produce the existing 'difficulty, and that one strong nation promises more durable peace and a more extensive, valuable and reliable commerce than can the same nation broken into hostile fragments. It is not my pur pose to review our discussions with tbreign states, because whatever might be • their wishes or dispositions, the integrity of our country and the stability of government mainly depend, not upon them, but on the loyalty, virtue, patriotism and intelligence of the American peopli. The correspond ence itself, with the usual reservations, is herewith submitted. I venture to hope that it will appear that we have practiced pru dence and liberality towards foreign pow ers, averting causes of irritation, and with firmness maintaining our own rights and honor. Since, how ever, it is apparent that here, as in every other state, foreign dan gers necessarily attend domestic difficul ties, I recommend that adequate and ample measures be adopted , for maintaining the public defenses on every side, While un der this general recommendation, provision for defending our sea coast line already oc curs to the mind, I also, in the same con• nection, ask the attention of Congress to our great lakes and rivers. It is believed that some fortifications, and depots of arms and munitions, with harbor and navigation ;improvements, all at well selected points upon these, would be of great importance to the national defence and preservation. I ask attention to the views of the Secre tary of War, expressed in his report upon the same general subject. I deem it of im portance that the loyal regions of East Tennessee and Western North Carolina should be connected with Kentucky and other faithful parts of the Union by rail road. I therefore recommend, as a military measure, that Congress provide for the con struction of such a road as speedily as pos sible. 'Kentucky, no doubt, will co-operate, and through her Legislature make the most judicious selection of a line. The northern terminus must connect with some existing railroad, and, whether the route shall be from LexingtOn Nicholsvilk to the Cum berland Gap, or from Lebanon to the Ten nessee line, in the direction of Knoxville, or on some still different line, can easily be determined. Kentucky and the general government co-operating, the work can be completed in a very short time, - and when done it will be not only of vast presentuse fulness, but also a valuable permanent im provement, worth its cost in all the tempo rary future. Some treaties, designed chiefly for the interests of commerce, and, having no grave political importance, have been ne gotiated and will be submitted to the Sen ate for their consideration. Although we have failed to induce some of the commer cial powers to adopt desirable melioration of the rigor of maritime war, we have re moved all obstructions, from the way of this humane reform, except such as are merely of and accidental occurrence. I invite your attention to the correspon dence between Her Brittonic Majesty's Minister, accredited to this , Government, and the Secretary of State, relative the de tention of the British ship Perthshiri , , in June last, by the United States steamer Afassachuselts, for a supposed breach of the blockade. As this detention was occasion ed by an Obvious misapprehension of the facts, and as justice requires that we should commit no belligerent act founded on strict right, as sanctioned by public law, I recommend that an appropriation be made to satisfy the reasonable demands of the owners of the vessel, for her detention. I repeat the recommendation of my pre decessor in his annual message to Congress in December last; in regard to the disposi tion of the surplus which will probably re main after satisfYing•the claims of Ameri can cieizens against China, pursuant to the awards of the commissioners under the act of , the 3d of March, 1869. If, how ever, it shOuld not be deemed advisable to carry' that recommendation into effect, I would suggest that authority be given for investing the principal ov9r the proceeds of the surplus referred to, in good securi ties, with a view to the satisfaction of such other just claims of our citizens against China as are not unlikely to arise hereaf ter in the course of our extensive trade with, that Empire. • By the Act of the sth. of August last, Congress authorized the President to in struct the commanders of suitable vessels to defend themselues against and to cap ture pirates. This authority has been ex ercised in a single instance only. For the more effectual protection of our extensive and valuable commerce, in the Eastern seas especially, it seems to me that it would also be advisable to authorize the common .ders of sailing, vessels to recapture any prizes which pirates may make of United States vessels ,and their cargoes, and the Consular Courts now established by law in Eastern countries to adjudicate the cases in event that this should not be objected to by the local authorities. If any good reason exists why we should persevere longer in. withholding our recog nition of the independence and sovereignty of .Hayti and Liberia,. I ..am unable to dis cern-it—unwilling, however,.to inaugurate a novel policy in regard to them without the approbation of Congress. I submit, for your,consideration, the ex pediency of an appropriation fOr maintain ing a Charge-de-affairs near , - etioh ;of i those new States. It does not admit ,of 'doubt that important commercial advantages might be secured by favorable treaties with —them. . . , The operations ,of the Treasury during the period which has elapsed since your adjournment have been conducted with signal success. The patriotism of the peo ple has placed• at. the disposal of the Gov ernment the large means demanded by the public exigencies. Much of • the National Loan has been taken by citizens of the.in dustrial classes, whose confidence in - their country's faith and zeal for their country's deliverance from present peril have in duced them to *attribute to the support of the. Government the 'hole of theirlimited iiiquisitions. This , fact imposes peculiar obligations to economy , disbursement, and energy in action. The revenue from all sources for the finan cial. year ending on the.Atithof June, 1881, was < eighty-six millions, eight hundred and thirty-five thousand nine hundred dollars and twenty-seven cents, and the expenditures for • the same period, including payments on ac count of the public debt, were eighty-four million five hundred and seventy-eight thou sand , eight hundred -and thirty-four dollars and forty-seven cents, _leaving a balance in t 1 treasttry on the Ist ofibuiy, of two mil lion two heaved and fifty'-seven thousand and, sixty-five 'dollars ,and i eighty cents. Rot.. the first quarter of the financial year, ending, on the eeth'of Settimber, .1861, the receipts from all sources, ineltiding,thp balance of Ist July, were ono'hunclied end twn million fp/0, hundred rd t. Wino an d i mints, atin s tne expenses m nety-mgot muctopi fwo buildrad'ittitf thbuitand-sOrtti PRESBYTERIAN BANNER.---SATURDAY, DECEMBER 7, 1861. hundred and thirty-three dollars and nine cents, leaving a balance on the Ist of October, 1861, of four million two hundred and ninety two thousand seven hundred and seventy-six dollars and eighteen cents. Estimates for the remaining three-quarters of the year, and for the financial year of 1863, together with his views of ways and means for meeting the demands contemplated by them, will be submitted to Congress by the Secretary of the Treasury. It is gratifying to know that the expenditures, made necessary by the rebellion, are not beyond the resources of the , lo7al people, and to believe that the same pa triotism which has thus far sustained the gov ernment, will continue to sustain it till peace and union shall again bless the land. I respectfully refer to the report of the Sec retary of War for information respecting the numerical strength of the army, and for re commendations having in view an increase of its efficiency, and the well being of the Various branches of the service entrusted to his care. It is gratifying to know that the patriotism. of the people has proved equal to the occa sion,,and that the number of troops tendered. greatly exceeded the force which Congress authorized me to call into the field. I refer with pleasure to these portions of his report which make allusion to the credible degree of discipline already attained by our troops, and. to 'the excellent sanitary condition of the en like army. The recommendation of the Sec retary for an organization of the militia upon a uniform basis is a subject of vital impor tance to the future safety of the country, and is commended to the serious attention of Congress. The large addition to tile' regular army, in connection with the, defection that has So considerably diminished the number of its officers, gives peculiar importance to his recommendation for increasing the corps of cadets to the greatest capacity of the mili tary academy. . . - . By. mere omission,l presume, Congress has failed to provide chaplains for hospitals occupied by volunteers. This sub ject was brought to my notice, and. I was in duced to draw up the form of a letter, one copy of which, properly addressed, has been delivered`to each of the persons, and at the dates respectively named, and stated in . a schedule containing also the form of the let ter marked A, and herewith transmitted. These gentlemen, I understand, entered upon the duties designated at the times respectively stated in the schedule, and have labored faith fully therein ever since, and therefore recom mend that they ,be uompensated at the same rate as chaplains in the.army, and farther suggest that general provision be made for chaplains to serge at hospitals as well as with regiments. The report of the Secretary of the Navy present! in detail the operations of that branch of the service ; the activity Ind energy which have characterized iteadministration, and the results of measures to increase its efficiency and power. Such have been the additions, by construction and purchase, that it may almost be said a navy has been created and brought into service since our difficulties commenced. Besides blockading our extensive coast, squadrons larger than ever before assembled under our flag have been put afloat, and per formed deeds which have increased our naval renown. I would invite special attention to the re commendation of the Secretary fora more per fect organization of the navy, by introducing additional grades in the service. The present. organization is defective and unsatisfactory, and the suggestions submitted by the Depart ment will, it is believed, if adopted, obviate the difficulties alluded to; promote harmony, aid increase the efficiency of the navy. There are three vacancies on the bench of the Supreme Court, two by the decease of Jus tices Daniel and McLean and one by the res ignation of Justice Campbell. I have so far forborne making nominations to fill these va cancies, for reasons which I will now state. Two of the outgoing Judges resided within the States now overrun by revolt, so that if successors were appointed in the same local ities they could not now serve upon their cir cuits, and many of the most competent men there probably would not take the personal. hazard of accepting to serve even here upon the Supreme Bench. I have been unwilling to throw all the appointments Northward, thus disabling myself from doing justice to the South on the return of peace although I may remark, that to transfer to t he North one which has heretofore been in the South, would not, with reference to territory and popula tion, be unjust. During the king and bril liant judicial career of Judge McLean ' . his circuit grew into en empire, although too large for any ono Judge to give the courts therein more than a nominal attendanee, aris ing in population from one million four hundred and seventy thousand and eighteen. in 1830 to six millions one hundred and flty one thousand four hundred and Lye in 1860. Besides this the country generally has out grown our present judiciary. If uniformity was at all intended, the aye tem requires that all the States shall be ac commodated with Circuit Courts, attended by Supreme Judges ; while, in fact, Wisconsin,. .Minnesota, lowa, Kansas, Florida,. Texas„ California and Oregon have neves had any such Courts. Nor can this welibo remedied without a change of the system, because the adding of Judges to the Supreme Court,. enough for the accommodation of stl parteeg the country with Circuit Courts, would create a Court altogether too numerous fora judicial. body of any sort—and the, evil oil it be lane which will increase as new States come into the Union. Circuit Courts, too, are useful or they are not useful. If useful,. no State should be denied there. If not usefal„ no State should have them. Let them be pro vided for all or , abolished as to all. Three' modifications occur to me, either of which, I think, would -be an improvement upon our present system : Let tho, Supreme Court be of convenient number in every event;. then ~lat,, let the whole country be divided into Circuits „of convenient size, the- Supremo Judges to serve in a number of them :were. ~ending to their own number, and independent Circuit. Judges, be provided for all the rest ; or, sec ondly, let the Supreme Judges be relieve& from Circuit duties, - and Cirenit Joidges be provided for all the Circuits ; or„thiedly„ dis pense with Circuit Courts altagetlner,Leaving - , the judicial funetion wholly to the District. Courts and an independent Supreme Court. I respectfully recommend to the coneidera tion of Congress the present condition, of the statute laws, with the hope that Congress . wilL be able to find an easy remedy for many of the inconveniences and evils *kWh, constantly embarrass those engaged in the practical ad ministration of them. Since the organization of.the government Congress bete enacted, some five thousand acts and joint resolutions, which fill more than six thousand' closely rioted. pages, and are scattered through many vol umes. Many of these cots tame been drawn, in, and , without, sufficient caution, so that. their provisions are often obeeare ito them selves or in conflict with each other, or at least do doubtful as to render it very difficult for even the best informedpersea triascertaia precisely what the statute law really is- It ' seems to me very important that , the statute - laws should he made as plaits WA iatelffigit ble as possible, and be reduced, to as small a. compass as may consist with the fullness and, precision of the will of the Legjslature, and the perspicuity of its language. This, well done, would, I think, greatly facilitate the labors of those whose duty it is to assist in, the administration of the laws, and would be a lasting benefit to the , people by placing be fore them in a more accessible form the laws. which so deeply concern their interest and their duties. lam informed by some whose opinions I respect that all the Acts o.f Con gross now in force, and of a. permanent and general nature, might be revised and rewrit ten so as to be embraced in one volume, or at most two volumes, of ordinary and conveni ent size, and I respeetfully recommend to Con gress to consider the subject, and if my 5114 - ge a tics he approved, to devise suck plan as to their wisdom shall seem meet proper for the attainment of the and proposed. One of the unavoidable consequences of the present insurrection is the entire sup pression, in many places, of all ordinary means of administering civil luotiee by the officers, and in the forms of existing , law. This is the case, in whole er in part, in. all the insurgent States, and as ens armies advance upon and take possession of parts of those States, the practical evil. becomes more apparent. There are , no Gonda or of ficers to whom the citizens "of other States. may apply for the enforcement of their law ful claims against citizens of the insurgent. States, and there - is a vast amount of debt. constituting such claims. Some have esti mated it as high as two hundred minim dollars, due, in a large part, from hums gents in open rebellion to. loyal cities*. who are even now making great sacrifice in the discharge of their patriotic duty to support the Government.. lax/der thesecir cumstances, I have been, urgently solicited to establish, by military power, courts to administer summary justice in such oases.' I hive thus far declined. to da it, not:be cause I had any doubt that • the end pro posed, the collection of the debts, was gust and right in itself, but becauseiltivebeen unwilling to go beyond the . pigguire cf ne cessity in the unusual exercise 44-pewero; but the powers of Cougrees, - Ire pose, aro equal. to the,anotrodus' oc, .fore I refer t he whole with the hope that a pis kos devi*, for the admintstratiott et 3 111T fee.in;all.shOlt , parts of the insurgent States and'Territo .ries as may be., wider the control:ol7We _government, whether- by a voliintary re flirn to allegisinee and order, Or by the power of our *MB. This, ./sewev.er,itrwot to, be a permanent institution, bu t a tempo rary substitute, and to cease . as soon as the ordinary court; can be re-established. in . peaoe. It is important that some more conveni ent means should be pro - iided, if 'possible, for the adjustment of claims against the Government, especially in *iew of - the creased number by reason,of the war. It . is % as , uch AO ditty of Government to. ren q ' der prompt justice against, itself in favor of citizens salt ill 'to the same between priira4O ihviet.i. ' wain ana ajutlivition of claims, in • nature, belong to the JudiciaLdepartment; besides it is. apparent.: that the attention of Congress will be more than usually engag ed for some time to come With great Na tional questions. It was intended by the organization of the Court of Claims mainly to remove this branch of business from the Halls of Congress,•but while the Court has proved to be an .effective and valuable means of investigation, it in a great degree fails to effect the object of its creation, for want of power to make its judgments finaL . Fully aware of the delicacy, not to say the danger of the subject, I commend to your careful consideration, whether this power of making judgments final may ,not properly be given to the Court, reserving the right of appeal on questions of law to the Supreme Court, with such., other provi sions as experience may have shown to be necessary. . I ask attention to the report of the Post master General, the following being a sum mary statement of the condition of the De partment : The revenue from all sources, dur ing the fiscal year ending June 30, 1861; including the annual perinanentappropriation of seven hundred thousand dollars for the transportation of free mail rnatter„was nine million forty-nine thousand two hundred and ninety-six dollars and 'forty cents, being aboat two per cent. less that the revenue for 1800. In the same time the expenditures were thirteen million six hundred and six thousand seven hundred and fifty-nine del lars.and eleven cents, showing a decrease of more than eight per, cent. as compared with, those of the previous year; and leaving an excess of expenditures over the revenue for the last fiscal year of four million five hundred and fifty-seven thousand four hundred and , sixty-two dollars and seventy-one cents. The gross revenue for the year,ending •June 30th, 1863, is estimated at an increase of four per sent. on that of 1861, making six million six hundred and eighty-three thousand dollars, to which should be added the earning of the department in carrying .free matter, viz :-- Seven hundred thousand dollars, making nine million three hundred and eighty-three thou sand dollars. The total expenditures for 1863 are estimated at twelve million five hitn dred and twenty-eight thousand dollars, leav ing an estimated _deficiency of three million one hundred and forty-five thousand dollars, to be supplied from the Treasury in addition to the permanent appropriation. The present insurrection shows, I think, that the exten sion of this District across the Potomac river at the time of establishing the Capitol , here was eminently wise, and, consequently that the relinquishment of that.portioa of it which lies within the State of Virginia, was unwise and dangerous. I submit for your consider ation the expediency of acquiring that part of the District, and the restoration of the orig inal boundaries thereof, through negotiations with the State of Virginia. The report of the Secretary of the Interi or, with the accompanying documents, exhib its the condition of the several branches of . the public basiness pertaining t t he Depart ment. The depreising influences of the in surrection have been especially felt in , the operations of the Patent and General Land Offiees. The cash receipts from the sale of public lands during the past year have ex ceeded the expenses of our .land system only about two hundred thousand dollars. The sales have been entirely suspended in the Southern States, while the , interruptions to -the hUsiness of the country, and the diver sion of large numbers of men from labor to military service have obstructed' settlements in the new States and *Territories of the North-West. The receipts of the Patent Office have de clined, in nine months, about one hundred thousand dollars, rendering a large reduction of the force employed necessary to make itself sustaining. The demand upon the Pension Office will be largely increased by the insurrection. Netraereus applications for pensions, based upon the•cesualties of "the existing war, have already been made. There is . reason to be lieve that many who are now upon the pen sion relit', and iu receipt of the bounty-of-the Government, are in the ranks of the insurgent army, or giving them aid and comfort. The Secretary of the Interior has directed a sus pension of the payment of the pensions of such persons, upon proof of their disloyalty. I recommend that Congress authorize that officer to cause the names of such perions to be stricken from the pension rolls. The relations of the Government 'with the Indian tribes have been greatly disturbed by the insurrection, especially in the Southern superintendency and. in that of Yelv Mexico. The intlian country south of Kansas is in the possession of insurgents from Texas and Al.= houses. Agents of the United States, ap pointed since the 4th of March for this super intendeney, have been unable to reach their posts, while the most of those who were in office before that time have espoused the in surrectionary cause, and assume to exercise the powers of agents, by virtue of commis sions-from the insurrectionists. It has been stated in the public press that a portion of these Indians have been organized as a mili tary force, and are attached to the army of the insurgents. Although the Government has no official information upon this subject, letters have been written to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, by several prominent chhifs, giving assurance of their loyalty to the United States, and expressing a wish for the pres ence of Federal troops to protest them. It is believed that upon the re-possession of the country by the Federal forces, the Indians will readily cease all hostile demonstrations and resume their former relations to the Gov ernment. Agriculture, confessedly the largest interest of the nation, has not a department nor a bureau, but a clerkship assigned to it in the government. While it is fortunate that this great interest is so independent in its nature as to not have demanded and extorted more from the government, I respectfully ask Con gress to consider whether something snore cannot be gives voluntarily with — general - ad vantage. Annual reports exhibiting, the condition of our agriculture, commerce and manufactures would present a fund of information of great practical value to the country. While. I make no suggestion as •to details, I venture to, opinion that an agricultural and statistical bureau might profitably be organized. The execution of the laws for the suppression of the AfriCan slave trade has beet confined to the Department of the - Interior.. It is a sub- ject of gratulation that the efforts which have been made for the suppression of this inhu man traffic have been recently attended with unusual success. Five vessels being fitted out for the slave trade have been -seized. and condemned. Two mates of vessels engaged in the trade and one person in equipping a vessel as a slaver have been convicted and subjected to the penalty of fine and imprison ment, and one captain taken with a cargo of Africans on bo - ad his vessel has been con victed of the highest grade of offence under our laws, the punishment of which is death. The territories of Colorado, Dakotah and Ne vada, created by the last Congress, have been organized, and civil administration' has been' inaugurated therein, under auspices' especially gratifying, when it is considered 'that , the leaven of treason was found existing in some of these new countries when the Federal of ficers arrived there. The abundant natural resources of these Territories, with the se amity and protection afforded by organized government, will doubtless invite to them a large immigration 'when peace shall restore the beisinessof the country to its, accustomed channels. I submit the resolutions of the Legislature of Colorado, which evidence the patriotic spirit of the Teeple of the Territory. So far, the authority ; of the United States has been upheld. in all the Territories, as it is hoped it will be in future: I commend their interests and de fence to the enlightened and :generous care of Congress. I recommend to the favorable con sideration of. Congress the interests of the Dis trict of. Columbia. The insurrection has been the cause of much suffering and sacrifice to its inhabitants, and, as they have no representa tive in Congress, that body should not over look their just claims upon the Gaivermuent. At your late session a . joint reeolution was adopted, authorizing 'the Pr'esident to take measures for facilitating a proper representa tion of the industrial interests of the United States it theexhibition of the industry of nations, to be holden at London,,in the year 1862. I regret to say I have been unable to give personal attention to thie subject—a aulueet at once so interesting in itself and 4o exten sively and intimately connected with' the material prosperity of the world... Through . the Secretaries of State and of the Interior a plan or system has been devised and partly matured, and which will be • laid before you. under and , by virtue of the act of, Congress ehtitled'"an act .to .confiscate property used for, , insirroetionery , purposes' —approved August 6th, 1861,, the legal olaims of certain persons, to the labor and service of certain other persons, lave. bectime forfeited; and numbers of thetlatter; thus liberated; are al ready depejadgrit on the , 'Uniled States and 'must be provided for in some way: Besides thte .0 i s not' impossible that' genie of *the Stilton, Will pass similar enactments for their owgiVehefits reepectively; and by operation of whlolf persona of the same ;elses be throWn'apdrt them for disposal: le.suelt cote I':reehitiMend" that 'Congress previde for ao °opting snob persons from such 'Pastes, accord ing to some mode of valuation in, lieu pro. tent° of direci taxes or upon some other plan to be'sgreed on with such Statei respectively that, such persons, on suoh saieptanee by the General Government, be at once declared free, and thil in any event, steps be taken for col onizing both classes, or the one first mention ed, if the other shall not be brought into ea istence, at some ether place or pleops in a ell- Mate cengenial to them. It unghtle•well to ' consider too, whether the free colored' people already in the United States ;maid WA, so far : individuals may desire, he in chided in :anelt" erolonization. 'lsr car ry r out the , plan of colonization - may involve the acquiring, of territiny r andzalso the appropriation of money bopped *et to be, expended in the territorial acykisition. Tractioid the acquisition ot?teithry 'for nearly Sixty - years, the , jineetiOn:pfAxtilatitn 4 tional power to-Ito so Is no longer an open one. With us the power was questioned at Bret by Mr. Jefferson,..who„ however, in the purchase of Louisiana, yielded his scruples on the 'plea-of great expddiency. If it be said that the only legitimate object of acquir ing territory. is •to furnish homes for white men, thiS measure abets that object, for the emigration of colored men leaves additional room for whit men remaining or coming bore. Mr. Jefferson, however, placed the importance of procuring Louisiana more on political and commeroial grounds than promising 2 4 00 M for population.. On the Whole proposition, including the ap propriation of- money, with the acquisition of territory, does not the expediency amount to absolute neoessity, that without which the . government itself- cannot be perpetuated ? The war continues. In considering the policy to be adopted for snpreesing the insurrection, I have been anxious and care ful that the inevitable conflict for the purpose shall not degenerate into a violent and re morseless revolutionary struggle. I have, therefrire, in every case, thought it proper to keep the integrity of the Union prominent as the primary object of the contest on our part, leaving all questions which aro not of vital military iinportance to the more deliberate ac tion of the Legislature. In the exercise of my, best discretion I have adhered to the blockade of the ports held by the insurgents instead of putting in force by proclamation the law of putting enacted at the late ses- Dion for 'closing those ports. So also obeying the dictates of prudence, as well as the obli gations of law, instead of transcending, I have adhered to the act of Congress to con fiscate property used.for insurrectionary pur poses. If a new law upon the same, subject shall be proposed, its propriety will be duly considered. The Union. must .be preserved; and hence, all indispensi ble means must be employed. We should not be in haste to determine that radical and extreme measures, which may reach the loyal as well as the disloyal, are indispensible. The Inaugural Address, at the beginning of the administration, and the message to Congress at the late special session, were both mainly devoted to the domestic controversy out of which the insurrection and consequent war have sprung. Nothing now occurs to add or aubtraot to or from the principles of gen eral purposes stated, and expressed in those documents. The last ray, of hope for pre serving the Union peaceably expired with the assault upon Fort Sumter, and a gener al review of what has occurred since may not be unprofitable. What was. painfully uncertain then is much better defined and more distinct, and the progress of events is plainly in the right direction. The in surgents claimed a strong support from north of Allison and Dixon's line, and the friends of the Union were not free from apprehension on that point, This, however, was soon sealed definitely and on the right side. South of the line, noble little Delaware led off right from the first, Maryland was made to seem against the Union, and our sol diers were assailed, bridges , were burned, and railroads were torn up within her limits, and we were many daYs at one time without the ability to bring a single regiment over her soil to the capital. Now, her bridges and railroads are repaired and open -to the Government. She already gives seven regiments to the cause of the Union, and none to the enemy, and her people; at a regular election, have sustained the cause of the Union by a larger majority and 'a larger aggregate vote than they . ever before .gave to any candidate on any question. Kentucky, too, for some time in doubt, is now decidedly, and, I think, un changeably ranged on the aide of the Union. Misssouri is comparatively quiet, and, I be lieve, cannot again be overrun by the insur rectionists. These three States—Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri, neither of whieh would promise a single soldier at first, have now an aggregate of not less than,forty thou sand in the field for the Union, while of their citizens,a certainly not more than a third of that number, and they of doubtful whereabouts -- and doubtful existence, are iu arms • against it. - After a' somewhat bloody struggle of months, wintor closes on the Union people of Western Virginia, leav ing them masters of their own country. An insurgent force of, about 4500 for months n dominating the arrow ,peninselur region constituting, rue counties of Acoomac "and Northampton, and known as the eastern shore of Virginia, together with some con tiguous parts of 111a.y.isati, have laid down their arms, and the people there have renewed their allegiance and accepted the protection of the old 'flag. This leaves no armed insurree tionists north of the Potomac, nor east of the Chesapeake. Also, we have obtained a footing at each of the isolated points on the southern coast sof Hatteras, Port Royal, Ty'-' bee Island, near Savannah, and Ship Island, and we likewise have some general accounts of pcopular movements in behalf of the Union in North Carolina and Tennessee. These things demonstrate that the cause of the , Union is advancingsteadily southward. Since your last adjournment Lieut. General Scott has retired from the head of the army: During his long life the , nation has not been unmindful of hinmerlt, yet on' millng to "mind how faithfully and brilliantly he has served the country from a thus fart back in our history, when few of the now living had been born, and thenceforffaid continually, I cannot but think we aro still his debtors.' I submit, there tire,. for your: consideration, what further mark of re cognition is due to him and to ourselves as a grateful people. With the retirement of General Scott came the Executive duty of appointing in hie stead a Gen eral-in-dhief of the army. It is a fortunate circum stance that neither in council or country was there sole: as known any difference of opinion as to the proper person to be selected. The retiring chief re peatedly expressed Misjudgment in favor of General McClellan for the position, and in this the nation seemed to give a unammoue concurrence. The desig natioii of . General McClellan is, therefore, in a consid erable degree the selection of the country, as Well as of the Executive, and hence there is better reason to hope there will Ls given him the confidence and cor dial support thus by fair implication promised and without which he cannot with so full of nerve the country. It has been said that one bad General is better than twogood ones, and the saying is true if ta kerne mean no more than that an army is better direct ediby a single mind, tinnigh inferior, than by two su perior ones at variance and cross purposes with each other, and 'the same is true in all joint operations - wherein those engaged can have none but a common end in view, and can differ only as to the choice of • means. In a storm at sea no ono on board can wish the ship to sink, and, yet, not unfrequeutly all go clown together, because too many will direct, ami no single mind can be allowed to Control it. Every day continues to develops that the insurrec tion Is largely, if not exclusively, a war upon the first principle 'of popular -government, the rights of the people. Conclusive evidence of' this is found in the most grave and maturely conaidered public documents, as well as in the , general tone of the insurgents. In those doctiments we find the abridgement of the ex isting right of auffrage and the denial to the people of all right to participate in the selection of public officers, except the legislature,: boldly advocated' with 'labored arguments to prove that large control of the people in the government is the source of all political evil. Monarchy. itself is sometimes hinted at and a possible refuge from the power of the people. In the present position, - 1: could scarcely be justihed were I to omit raising a.warning voice against this approach of returning despotism. It is not needed, nor fitting here, that a general • argument should' be made in favor.of popular 'realm: , tions, but there is one point, with its connection, not so much hackneyed as most ethers,-to which ask a brief attention. - It is the effort to place capital on an equal footing witha not above labor, in the struc ture of government. It is presumed that labor is available only in connection with capital; that nobody labors unless somebody else owning capital, eomehow, by the use of it, induces him to labor. This assumed, it is next considered whether it is best that capital shall hire laborers;Madthus induce them to work by their own consent, or buy them, and drive them to it without theiectureent. Skiving proceeded so far, it is naturally concluded that all laborers are either hired laborers or wisat_we call slaves; and further, it is as sumed that whoever is once a hired laborer is fixed in that condition for life. Now there Is no such relation between capital and labor as assumed, for bsthere any such thing as a free man being fixed for life in the (Audition of sobbed laborer. Both theseasonaptions are hike, and all inferences from them ape grotudliess. Labor is prior to PRI in dependent of capital. 'Capital is only the fruit of la lour, andcould never have existedif labor had not brat , existed. Labor is the superior of capital, and de serves mdch 'the higher dunsideration. Capital has its-rights, which are as werthy of p.rotectiou as any other rights; nor is it denied that there is, and prob ably always will be, a relation between labor and cap ital producing mutual. benefice. The error is in emu ming that the • Whole laboring community ousts wit. in that relation. A 'law men own capital and that few would labor themselves, and with tneir tarp , dial hire or buy 'untidier few' to labor for them. A large majority belong to' neither class; neither work for others nor have others working for them.. In most of the southern States a majority of the people of all colors are neither slaves nor masters, while in the northern a large majority , are neither hirers or hired. Men, with their homilies, wives,. sons and slaughters, work. tar thesiselves on their farms, in their houses stud in their shops, taking the whole product to themselves, and asking no favors of capi tal on the one hand nor of hired laborers on the other, It is nut forgotten that :a considerable number of persons mingle their trim Inbar with capital: that is sheylabor with their own hoards and also buy or hire others to•labor for them, but this is only a mixed and • „ not a distinct class. No principle 'stated is disturbed by the existence of this class. again, as has already been said, there is not, of necessity, any such thing as the free hired la borer being hood to, dud condition for life. Many in dependent men everywhere in these States a few years back in their lives were hired laborers. The,prudent, penile's; beginner in the world labors for wages awhile, •savescrourpluamith , whielrto.huy - tools orland , for himself; then labors on his own account another while, and at length hires another new beginner to help him. This bethe Tot and msneronsi and pros perous system ,whiehopene , the way to ill—gives hope to all and consequent energy and progress to aIL, No men living am more worthy to be trusted than those who toil miliem poverti, none less inclined to take or touch -sought which they,have not honestly earned. Let. them *Aware of surrendering a political power which they already posses, stud which, if sur retidetthestwill Surely' be used to close the door of ad— • vaneement against such sus 'they, and to fix new OW bilitise and buYtions upon theta till all - Of liberty shall be' lust. Flom the brat taking our National Census to the that: are seventy years, and we thatour population at the rd the period eight times ha great as, it waaat the' *nnixg. The 'inert:Woe of those other thitige 'Witch non shl.emed'desinible, has - -been seen greater. We thus have at one viewwhat the PePolftc principle rn • applied to governmenttltrough Um machinery of • • buttes and fhe. Union has produced in givea timei and also what, if firmly „maintained, it premixes Mr the:future. •There sire already among us those who, if the Union be preserved, will. live to see it contain two hundred and fifty millions., The struggiaer to day is not altogether for to-day.:-.lt lain avast fhtMet• ' With n relit:moo on Erovidenosiall the more• erns • and earnest; let us prosseesi in•the great task 'which events have devolved upon us. . • • . • • - ABRAHAM. LINCOLN.. WAIEDINMON Orrr, Deo: ad; 1861. tBX chiik oftihe :House' received' , or-lotror from Mr. Bly, of NeTe.York„ , no•orA prisoner at li~iohmond , deiiring ; tlAp•his ,Ntanei'liot put , tre;ra'l,6 'Etideupy lan Seat this season,. pIIOT'OGRAPLI ALBUMS. 9011 Cartes •De Visite. 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