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itor
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P istors Seildliig us TIVENTy subscribers and upwards, Will
be thereby entitled to a paper without charge. -D - •
A 11. RD P hINCII, MARK on the paplr, slgniftes that tbe
term is nearly out and that wu desire a ronowal. " •
Ilettowale should ho prompt, a little before the jlar expires.
Send payments by are hands, or ,by moil.
. . .
Direct all /otters to DAVID Wyjnial vo;
:Pitiablirgli,la.
For the Preebitertait Banner.
Why a Prefess4l CI 1 .0 8 0. 111 ; ' Skaalti Take a
Religions iiiwjp4per.
The following letter..:was: originally de
•signed for a member , of.my congregation.
But .on reflection,- it is now sent to the
Banner for insertiori;, from. the conviction
that its applicationis too general to be re
stricted te.any,pnrticular case:
CIIEURV GROVE PARNONAGE,
May 29th; 186 U.
DEAR Sm. i—The object of this com
munieetionlis to call your attention , to the
value of Religious Periodicals, and to the
Pritaby , te"rian Banner,. as 'one of the best
published in our country. And as, you
have never heretofore taken a paper of this
description, permit me to mention a few
reasons that may induce you to appreciate
the importance of such a contribution to
the instruction, comfort, and usefulness of
yourself and family.
Ist. Reflect on the position you occupy
in the Church. You are a professor'of re
ligion. You are considered- a religious
man. And a religious man with no dis
position to subscribe for a religiouS news
papet is not, a consistent' character. Even
ungodly sometimes notice this incon
sistency, and laugh over it. They have.
not always the highest confidence in the
piety of the men who will patronize secular
newspapers in preference to those having a -
direct tendency to advance the cause of
Christ on the earth. The politican, they
say, takes his political paper, the infidel
takes his infidel paper; but there is your ,
Christian, your religious man, who will
- take no religious paper.
2d. You should take a religious paper in
view, of its happy influence on yourself ac
an individual. The benevolent Christian
mind will " hunger and thirst" after infor
mation in reference to the great objeCts of
Christian sympathy and benevolence in our
fallen world. ' The patriotiq, Christian
mind, will not be altogether indifferent
with regard to the prevalence of the Gospel
throughout the land of our birth- or adop
tion. The heart of the patriot will prompt
him to inquire how does my country pros
per in peace ? and what success, in war ?
And tidings from the Church militant
must always be welcome to the true soldier
of the Cross. You may have' your lihrary ,
filled with good books,
and you may read
them, and ought to read them all, but they
will not keep you posted on the current
events of the day, involving the spiritual ,
interests of the Church and the world.
3d. I am anxious, in the third place,that
you would take a religious paper, on ac- •
count of its influence on your family. ,The
domestic cares of your wife render it difri
cult for her to read large volumes; either in
theology or general literature. A passing
glance at a religious periodical, will add a
little fuel to the intellectual fire, and be
come suggestive as necessary aliment for
her- intellectual and moral nature. Mit
the happy influence of such a periodical on
your children is beyond all calculation. It
cannot be_ estimatol in dollars and ,cents.
Children, or young people, associated in
domestic life, have an instinctive fondness
for the freshness And novely of a letter, or -
newspaper. Mark the elevating influence
of such an epistolary correspondence in the
home circle. But the facilities for this
species of cprrespondence are not a common
occurence. And even where they do exist
they will not supersede the necessity of the
printed weekly, or monthly epistle, replete
with the general religious intelligence of
the age in which we live., Nor Is the pe
riodical in question to be regarded, in the
light of it• mere, newspaper, pointing out
great facts in the history of Zion in her de
fensive position or her aggreseive .move-
Ments among the nations of the earth. The
most instructive and sublime themes of theo
logy and literature; are discussed in the good
religious journal. It is the great general
educator, moral and religious as Well as in-.
tellectual. It not only imparts useful in
formation to the youno- a and rising genera
tion in our families, but creates,a thirst in
thousands for the fountains of knowledge -
that 'send forth their life-giving streams,
and making glad the " city of our Gbd."
4th. It is erny ardent desire that you
should become a subscriber for our Banner
in the cause of Christ, from considerationa
involving the power of example. If ,the
professed follower of Jesus will not take a
religious paper, how can we expect the 'un
godly to do so. Ilovie,ver desirable it
might be to introduce reading of this char
, actor into the families of the world, a diffi
culty is encountered at once, when they
can point to men in the Church who will
patronize any , and every, kind of newspaper
save those that are ,decidedly religious.
Here is the great stumbling block in the
way ; the great barrier in the way, of ag
gressive movements on the kingdom of
darkness. It is the want of an influential
example on the part of some who are the
recognized soldiers of the Crow A good
example is moral power in any. community.
Mark its happy results when God's people
flock punctually to the prayer-meeting and
the house of God. How soon impepitent
•neighbors and friends imbibe the spirit and
are drawn within the current to the gra
cious presence of the Lord. And let all the
people of Goiftake religious periodicals in
their families ; the example will not be in
vain. Even wicked men may be found to
say, give us the same source of intelligence
for our families; let us have the news from
the. Church as well 'as from the world.
Now let a whole congregation, a whole com
munity, take the religious paper in ques
tion—what an amazing influence for good in
reference to the support of the Gospel both
at home and abroad What a stimulus to
contributions for all the objects of honey°.
lence—to' attend meetings for social praye
—and to' use all the means for the revival
of the work of God I Look at the congre
gation in which religious intelligence
through this"medium is generally diffused,
in contrast with the one where little or
,nothing of the kind is found, and mark
the difference. The one you will find a
working, growing church—qp to the, spirit
of the age; the other you will find just the
reverse, distingnished for no effective ad
vancement with regard to cooperation in
the cause of the Redeemer-' withieg,ard to
ministerial support, or the grand object of
guy f Arktro,h organization on the earth.
sth. mention a fifth reason, among
many others that might be advanced, urg
ing you te.take a religious newspaper. It
stands preeminent as an antidote to a liter
ature of a,n opposite and most destructive
character. The. power of the press is won
derful. The art of printing, not known to
the literature fit' antiquity, in modern
times has created facilities tbr impressions
on the human mind'. of most amazing im
• portance and extent. It seems to have
brought the facilities, of education to the
door of every man. And if the unnum
bered publications that are constantly is
suing forth from the prees, , liad the desira
ble bearing on the interests amorality and
religion, and found unobstrneted access to
all our families, our prospects would soon
brighten for the Speedy regeneration of
mankind. But the "children of this world
are wiser in their generation'thin the chil
dren of light." Satan and the children . of
Satan are more busy thairmanYpplie pro
' fessed children of God. While ,the, press
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EMS
VOL. VIII., NO. 39.
is a powerful instrument of good, it is alFo
a powerful instrument or evil. Look at
the light,fictitious literature of the present
day, corrupting in its nature and disastrous
in its tendency, pouring forth from the
press its floods of moral desolation upon
our land. We must have counteracting
agencies, or be ruined. When the enemy
comes in like a flood, it should be our
prayer . that " the- Spirit of the Lord would
lift up a standard against him." And in
subordination to the Divine Spirit,and the
Divine Word, while it is a reading age,
and young people and old people will read
newspapers, we wish to furnish 'materials
of the proper kind as food for the .soul, in
religious periodicals—in newspapers for.
God. . JJ=A.
, For the Preshytatian Banner
- Charity.
Now the. end of the commandment ist charity
out of a pure heart and a good conscience,
and of faith unfeigned.-1. TIM i: 6.
Notice . how carefully characterized this
charity is. It, was no general preaching of
love, charity, and liberality, such as we
sometimes hear these days, that Paul would
have in his Ephesian pulpit. .Love, in
deed, charity, and liberality, but of a
a specific kind; love that did not sacrifice
purity of heart, but grew - out of it charity
which did not ignore a good conscience,
but was rooted in it, and liberality.which
did not renounce the truth, but was founded
on it. It is the "end 'of-the command
ment " which is charity. But you cannot
reach the end without passing over that
which lies between it and the beginning.
You cannot reach the top round of a ladder
without stepping on every round from the
bottom. You cannot have, the, fruit without,
the root, the, stem, and the blossom. It is
the end of the commandment which is
Charity, and you will not, be allowed at
once to bounce into the end, without having
seen and laid fast hold, of what is at the be
ginning. We cannot have true charity,
therefore, without having an Unfeigned
faith, first, a good conscience, second, and
. a pure 'heart, ;third. This is the sort of
soil in which true charity grows.. An un
feigned faith is the rock at the bottom,
about which it twines its roots, so' that it
cannot be uprooted or shaken ; a good con
science, or the strong consciousness of
having done right before God and man, is
the strong soil in which charity : gets its
rankness and strength, while a pure heart
is the rich top-dressing, if you please,
which gives the blossom its delicate tint,
and the fruif its delicious taste.
There is a spurious philanthropy, and a
spurious love of God, which are corrected
by just these three things=a pure heart, a
`good conscience, and an unfeigned faith.
There is a philanthropy among' us whic
with a pretended and ostentatious good will
to man; denies these three things : the ex
istence of'God, the obligation to anyligher
than human law, and the obligation to per
sonal purity of heart and life. We' have
philanthropistswho build Hospitals, Schools
of Reform, • and Retreats for the. Insane ;'
who elevate the poor, reclaim the, criminal,
and instruct the ignorant; yet who, apart
from min, and the obligations from man to
man, believe what they please, do what they
will, and be what they like. Paul's teach
ing of love, or philanthropy, corrects this
at every point;, we must be what qod is,
do what he ccimmarids, and Velieve iih!tit
reveals. All" history proves, too, that this
charity, love, or philanthropy, which grows
out' of unfeigned faith in God's Word, 'un
feigned obedience to God's commands, and
unfeigned "conformity to GOd's holiness, is
the.best philanthropy. Your charity, your
love to man, , your philanthropy, 'has-done
nothing for man until it has lifted him
up into fellowship - with God and e,onformity
to his will. When men boast of their
charity and their love to the race, let us
test it by the Word of God—test every
thing by that Word which is itself the very
truth. H.
EUROPEAN C.ORREOPONDENCE.
PUBLIC ANN/En—COLLISIONS An , TEE' COMMONS - wrrn
FERTIS-HTEE PAFERDUTTAND THE INCOME TAX—A POPULAR
DEMONSTRATION—MR. MRIGHT 2 E SPEECH IN ST. MARTIN%
MALL 4 .ESTIMATII OF KW ORATORICAL GLALES—FROTEST RY:
GREAT BRITAIN AGAINST RUSSIAN POLICY IN THE EAST—
. FOEEBODINGS iOF WARS IN EUROPE—EPISCOPAL CONFIRMA
TION AND CONSECZATION--THE LONDON, MISSIONARY SOCIETY
...MADAGASCAR AND TEE. FUTURE KING: --COL. EDWARDES'
(TREAT SPEECH ON INDIA—THE GOVERNOR or .11Aintia
BL
CALLED; AND WIIY—IRISH RECRUITS FOR ROME---TRA SYNCD
OF ULSTER AND LAT AGENCY—RETWALS' IN SWEDEN AND
NORWAY—HOME LIFE—POSTSCRIPT.
LONDON, MaylB, 1860.
ANkliTir is the dorainatit - feeling ir(the
public. mind at this moment, both at home
and 'abroad. At haine we haVe fresh ' cot:
lisions of party; the Tory section of - the
House . ' of having taken heart;
from the very narrow , esoape of the repeal
of' the paper duty bill the House-of
Commons, 'to resolve to upset it in .the
House of Lords. Lord Derby made this
avowal last week, and, afterwards Lord
Monteagle, an old Whig; gave `notice "than
.he would, on'a,certain day, and on the sec
ond reading being proposed inthe Upper
'House, - move the ' rejection of the bill.
.'Since then, the matter' has been agitated
'both in- town and country. The Bright
party have been holding meetings in Lon
don—Mr. Bright hiinielf; one of the speak
ers—as well as in Manchester, Liverpool,
and elsewhere. The Ministerial organs
have been dwelling strongly on the Uncon
stitutional character of an interference by
the Upper House, with a moneyquestion.
On the other hand, it is 'a simple fact,
that the remission of the paper duty, while.
desirable in itself, for the sake of a wider
diffusion or literature, both seculanand re
ligious, is 9w.e.a,burden..to _the people at
large, and that if repealed it will cause a.
loss to the revenue,' of one million and a
half sterling per annum.. Next = year we,
expect a great hiatus in the revenue, by,
the expiration of the present Income Tax,
arrangement, and as, the result of the, re
peal of : duties on many things in connex
ion with• the Commercial Treaty with
France. War also looms in - the distance,
•and we need to ,husband all our resource&
Thus the matter stood, up till the appoint
ed time for a stand up fight in 'the House
of 'Lords.
Before this, however, a great demonstra
tion and mass-meeting took place in,Saint
Martin's Hall. I went thither as a spec
tator, and specially to hear the speech of
Mr. Bright. The doors were opened at
seven o'clock, and for, an hour a constant.
stream, assed into the great hall till it was
completely filled. On the appearance of
Mr. Bright on the,,platform (accompanied'
by ten other thembers of Parliament,) • he
was vehementlY cheered. The avowed ob
ject of the meeting was to protest, against
the proposed action of the House of Lords.
It was not so much whether the paper du
ty should, or should not be abolished—al
though abundant reasons were given why,
for the sake of a cheap diffusion of knowl—
edge, political, moral, literary, and reli
gious, this was desirable. .But was to
denounce the unconstitutional proposal of
an attempt to deprive .the House „of Com
mons of its , exclusive , right to grant sup
plies to the Crown. Mr: Bright addressed
himself to ,this task with uncommon vigor.
His style of speaking is thoroughly
lisp. His.figure is tali and commanding;,
die forhhead aniple • his voice
PITTSBURGH, SATURD
Penetrating. He has great self-possession
even when most impassioned and vehement.
He is not moved by interruptions; he
makes you laugh, while he does not smile
himself; even when he is most .severe and
satirical, his tones are quiety, and, his top
ics, carefully studied and arranged before
hand, march on, marshalled in formidable
array, and with cumulative power. He
spoke sternly of% Lord Derby and Mr. D'ls
raefi, as men without- principle. Perhaps
this is rather too severe• as to the first, al
though unhappily be, does endorse, the wily
tactics of his en-Chancellor, in the Com
mons, whose shiftiness stands out in dark
contrast with what Mr. Bright justly,desig
nates " the notable conscientiousness " of
Mr. Gladstone, a man, who, when he per
ceives the soundness of a principle, or the
justice of a policy, will go .through with it
it any sacrifice.
AT. Sr. P.ETERSBURO, our Ambassador,
Sir J. Crampton, has received " under re
serve," and by stating his intention tb re
fer to the British 'Government, a communi
cation of Russia, indicating a renewal of
agitation on the Turkish question. Apre
tence for this is sought by Russia, in the
alleged ill treatment by. the Porte, of its
Greek ChriStian subjects, of whom the
Czars. are the hereditary proteetots.: 'France
is.believed , to be a party to this move;and
Austria to be favorably cognisant of it.
,Strong suspicions are: entertained of dan
gerous designs , on the part of these three
powers, ultimately tending to a war with
England and Prussia. Pamphlets appear
in Paris calculated to stir up :hatred
against, England, and the Suez .Canal pro
ject is pressed forward with great, ostenta
tion. , France has also occupied an island
on the Arabian coast, as a professed coun
tercheck to 'England's establishment of an
artillery force ou the island of Perim.
I do not, heiever, expect any immediate
disturbance of accord 'between France arid
England. The Great Imperial Spider takes
time for the weaving of his various diplo
matic webs.
THE LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY .AN
NIVERSARY in, Exeter Hall, was, perhaps
the most effective And interesting of any
held during the
,month. The revenue was
higher than that of any former year,
amounting to, £93,000. Ten new mission
cries had been sent away—one to Polynesia,
one to British Guiana, six to China, and
two to `lndia. Twenty-two students are
preparing for missionary 'labor, and many
more will follow. The Society employs
one hundred and fifty-two' European,, and
eight hundred native agents. Remarkable,
news just received, was •announced froin.
Madagascar. It appears that the Q,unen
(notorious as a persecutor of the native
ChriStians, and her banishment of 'the Soz ,
ciety's missionaries,) had recently , become
anxious about the, peaceful transmissionof
the crown to her;son. But before the eon's
birth, she,had promised to leave the crown
to the eldest son. of her .-eldest sister, and
;this -man, being, very. tmilitary in his hab
its, was well disposed to accept it. Mr.
Ellis' recent -book " A Visit to Madagas-.
ear," also, indicated him as a bitter persecu
tor. But the Queen, as if under supernatu
ral influence r resolved to decide the matter .
in what:would be ,regarded by herself and
subjects, as, " the most sacred *ay." She'
had two jars filleg—the one with earth
gathered...lrani...bar label] &a graxe.s,...the ,
other with jewels. She decreed that the
two candidates should come into a chain:
ber where the jars were (covered,) and,that
'he who should lay his hand on the jar con-,
taming the 'ashes of the - departed' king,,
should •be the future Sovereign. The re
sult was, that the Queen's own ion=the,
devoted Christian confessor, anti: zealous
.friend of the missionaries—having .chosen;
that jar, all unconscious of itscontents,,
was immediately recognised as the future
-Sovereign of- Madagascar.. His life, ere
now,. has ..been conspired against, and it'
may be so • again, but let us hope and pray
that the truly apostolic, Church of, Mada
gascar, which has been cradled in adyersity,
has, furnished -so, many martyrs and, in
spite of an edict of extirpation as deter
mined and diabolical in its fell purpOse, as
that of Diocletian himself, may find in this
Prince, as a future SoVereign of the Wand;
a nursing father and protector.
LordoShaftsbury presided'at the Meet
ing of the London Missionary SocietY, and
delivered 'a very'stirring address:
Mr. Mullens, missionary from Calcutta,
spoke with great- effect, gave a beautiful
description of Hindoostanonade a power
,fid appeal on its behalf, ; and-;bade farewell
to the vast assembly, before returning to
his field of. toil.
THE SPEECH OF 'LIEUT. COL. ED
WARDES; C. B. (of the Punjaub,) to which
I referred as having been delivered' at' the
anniversary of the Church Missionary So:
ciety,, has been published in a . separate
form, and has An immense circulation. It
produced a powerful impression, at,
livery ;, and no wonder. He 'illustrated, by
facts, the marvellous interpositions of Prov
idence in connexion with the early history
of the Indian' mutiny, and, the consequent
salvation of our Empire in Itindoostan,
'He then drew . the lesson of responsibility
for its future,' contrasting with this
. the
Wicked Governmental policy of diseourig,-
lug offiCers from spreading Christian knowl
edge, or answering native Soldiers' inqui
ries, and 'also in. the continued exclUsion of
the,Bible from' the schools, while the shas
terewere therein' recognisedandlionbred.
He represents a "Voice" speaking to Eng.
land :—:•"lndia is your charge. I am the
Lord'of the <world: I give kingdoms: as I
list. I gave India into the—hand of Eng
land. I did 'not" give, it solely for your
benefit. I• gave it for the benefit of my
:one hundred rand eighty millions of crea
tures. You "lave neglected the charge I
gave you. You have ruled India for
.yourselves, and I have chastened you; I
have brought you within one step of tutu.
" But I have condoned your offences.
When no mortal hand could save you, I,
the God whom you offended, have come to
your assistance. I once more put you, .on
your trial. Take warning from the pass."
He:then went on to say that " the Chris
thm policy is the only policy ,of hope."
The great want between us and the people
of India, is a link of connexion. "We
shall 'only find that link in Christianity.
If we Christianize one man, we have made
one friend. If we Chfistianize a race, we
have got an army, 11 we Christianize a
province, we have founded a government.
.ff we' Christian* a'people, we have snide
an mime.
`And then amid the intensest interest of
thevast audience, and followed by a storm
of approbation, which now finds an echo
among all' Evangelical Christians, he wound
up thus powerfullY
"If you ask me-fora safe and expedient
policy, I say, an open Bible. Put it in
your schools. Stand avowedly as :a Chris
tian. Goiernment. Declare yourselves, in
the face of .thelndian people, . Christian
nation, asjour Queen has done, 'and you
will not-only do honor toher, but to. your
God, and in ~t hat you ,will :: find' your true
safety rests, .
A very., serious provocation to, popular.
,disaffection, ; in India, has ,ariaen.. from a
; Minute published by ,Sir C. ~Trevyllian,,
tiroiernor or.Madias .protestini against the
.taxation scheme of Mr.
Indian Council. Its pla
rash, and Sir Charles
But will that undo the m
GARIBALDI'S EXPED
has been the subject of I
interest, not unmingled
ies. It was winked a
who yet professed to dep
parently tried to hinder i
could it be supposed thal
be indifferent to any mt
to set free Southern Ital;
the success ,of the gr
Italian unity, and the -
under Victor Emmanuel ? ,k
The guilty King of Naples ' ihis myr
midons, armed and unarmed, oft been for
weeks past, in a state of terrop, is clear
that, Garibaldi's ships, conve"nilkimself,
a forlorn hope band, arm t •anct stores,
escaped with difficulty th politan
-cruisers,- and effected a lan . _: . ' 1 It was
supposed at-first that the Chi. ,' 7 not in
Sicily, but then came the r ''''''''',, from
Naples, that announced him liel , fig at the
head. of a general insurrect*ktind the
breaking• out of similarmove ' . ‘ tOri, Cala
liria and the Abruzzi"; aliapti , vitte!po9,l.
of Naples itself were in corn , 4 n ft , ivirdAbbo
Aipg. mak#l.g-,ptepv,tions ' r» possible ,
i tif
flight. , The, '''rericli press, . ich. at „first
abused Garibaldi as a " filib , ter," i s now
commanded to write moder4ely, and has
also ceased its 'ridiculous charges against
England, as stirring up the rebellion in
order to annex Sicily. LordtJohn Russel
indirectly, yet Unmistakeably showed his
sympathy for the insurrection, last night,
in Parliament,. The Pope's followers there
make a terrible outcry aboutl'imbscriptioils
being raised in England ffir Garibaldi.
They are told in return by :one Member,
that it is far worse for Irishmen to go to
Italy to help .the Pope in missacreing- his
subjects: - . ' l.' : '
THE NEW BISHOP OF eIgOIIESTER
legally installed into his office, on Tuesday
last, by the 'officer" 'of the tEcelesiastical
Courts of the Arch-Diocese &Canterbury,
and yesterday was publielyloi:dained and
set apart,to_his office, , at Laiiitbeth, by the
Archbishop mid several _other 'prelates, ac
cording to the rites and forms prescribed
for such occasions in the Bel of Common
Prayer. The Bishop is one
.of the Evan
gelical school, and as an Archdeacon and a
Rector in the Diocese of Winchester, was
greatly esteemed. He has,.' eie now, taken
the Chair for our Tract Society in his own
:parish, which some of„,the - Evangelical
party would not be so ready,* do. I was
present, at the ceremonyof hielegal indue- ,
time , and confirmation, in the 'shurch of St..
Mary-Le-Bone ' Cheapside, the 15th
instant. The Vicar GerieraWf, the Eccle
siastical Court; clothed in and , scarlet
gown, with other officers:;. Titre. present.
-The oaths' of supremacy,„abjuratiom of the
Popes . jurisdiction, obedience, (to the
Archbishop,) and also 4 solemn Aeclaration
that the office had not been 'obtained.. by
simoniacal, means, : were du taken and
y
made by the - Bishop-elect. f
• ..The Erastian Constitution. of our,
tionai Church, while yet thew . is , apparent
veneration, for what was onceo reality—the
election of Bishops by the clergy without
'State interference-016a o strikingly in
'connexion with everyittioi q u a" wit' of - this
kind. f_Tr:teXiiarri,..thaasit Frit:m.4Ni
ister of the Day, nominates and sends a.
eonge. d'etire—vrittially. ,an order ' while
nominally a permission—to the Dean and .
Chapter of the Cathedral. church of the
-Diocese, to elect, a Bishop. Afterwards,
_indeed, the Archbishop, by„his .00clesiasti
cal deputies, legally, confirms the election
of, the Dean and Chapter, and, thus the
shadow of, spiritual jurisdiction and liberty
is preserved. But previously, the substa,nee
has been appropriated by. the State, and
Erastianism holds the Church Jo her bar
gain .of subjection. , • ,
There is a rumor that into the ancient.
place of the Bishop of Durham, who be
conies Archbishop ofYork, (Dr. Musgrave
having.died,) Tr. Thempson; the head of
a'College at Cainbridge, is to be installed.
He a "Broad Churchinan." Thuseach
party is gratified and fostered in turn.
The CONSECRATION OE THE NEW BISHOP
OF- ROCHESTER AND ANEDIUA, took, place
yesterday, in, the Parish church of Lam
beth ; the Archbishop of Canterbury; and
.the • Eishops of Winchester, Oxford,-And
others, assisting. In the " service ".for
the' ordination, of Bishops,. the Scripture
lesions are .drawn from Acts xi and the
Epistles to Timothy arid !Titus, and these
we know were . addressed • to the , simple
bishop 7 presbyters of primitiit Presbyterian
times, and to 'their seccessors: The ":A pos
toile Succession , " theca find no countenance
in-the New 'Testament forAlmir proud.pre
tensions, and .claims.
basil Rtentrrs are. being sent rapidly
to the help of the Pope. The Government,
will prosecute any,parges enlisting t them,
if found. out. But ,the Morning Xelos,
of Dublin, (dullen's organ,) sneeringly .
says that, the Irishmen have gone to Italy
,simply as and, as. such, the
law cannon touch them. They 'are ,likely,
poor fellows, to find themselves in a very -
unhappy position, ere long, and as " emi
grants,", may;wish, that they had ,crossed
the Atlantic, rather than meet the desperate
and, insurgent subjeets of His Holiness.
The said , Pope Pius IX., and , all lisparty,
were very hopeful and - triumphant - a fort-
night - agis; "tuff 'now, when- Garibaldi -is in
Sicily, and all things once more in- comme
tion, things look , very dark. Lamoriciere
has had no time to drill his troops,tand.lo
prevent that, doubtless has:been orie grand
object.of Garibaldi, as well as of his secret
Sardinian advisers and abettors. • '
•
THE SYNOD OF 1:11,8i . Elt lately , Ind at'
,
Belfast, and - had the' question i)f . lay agency,
,
in connexion, with its abuses during, the
Revival, before it. Young men have .been
very useful, certainly, but many of them
have said foolish things. Without diseard
ing or denouncing lay agency, as snch, Dr.
Edgar spoke sternly as to the presumption
and emptiness of some of them. - Af Meth
odigt correspondent, writing from Belfast to
the London Christian Cabinet, under an
ationYmens'mask;' Slanders and, misrepre-
Bents the Ulster ministers in thii'matter,
and is guilty of a violation of the laws of
love'and of truth; which the Wesleyans of
Ireland, ns a tody, would not countenance.
REVIVAL IN SWEDEN. was the-subject of'
a recent social meeting, at the house of
Lady Ducie, in London, ,to which Drs:
Murray and Leyburn, with Geo. IL Stuart,
Esq., were- invited. An English. Rector,
, -
who lately visited Sweden, gave very grati
wng accounts of what he had observed
dring a visit to Stockholm,'at,the doge of
Jut Summer. He found 11 Crown Prince''
(Oscar) remarkable - for intelligence and
piety. This movement owes its origin' to
the labors, in former - years, of- the Rev.
George .Soott, a :W'ealeyan minister. After
'Mr. Scott's removal,'' his ' efforta' were fol
lowed up by Rosenius, , of Stockholin: The
present 'Revival is marked by thef general'
study of. the Scriptures,-affects, whole Am
ines, and powerfully:influences the students -
:of,
of, the University of Upsalw. -Open-air
preaching= has beendnaugurated. (..The Re
vival ismpread: over the whole countrpyand.
Jias‘to.uched all Magri' Xr:Soott.esfamates
UNE 16, 1860.
the ,couverts.at a quarter of a million out
of three, millions of people. The awaken
ing is .extending to. Norway. Thus the
old, half-dead Protestant churches of North
ern Europe.. are experiencing a glorious
resurrection.
AT Ho ma; , spiritual life continues to
spread. At ;the Tract Committee, this
week, wwhad delightful and authentic in
telligence trotuishing 'villages, on the East
coast of Seotiamt, and' also from the toWn
otßauff, where two hundred yoUng men
hairUlately beeme volunteers' under Christ
as their Captain and Commander.
' P. g.—Lady Earlley, the excellent wife
of Sir C. E..Eardley, is - no more. Lady
also.`Byron, widow of the poet, is dead
also. Theodore Parker 'died at Florence,
on the 10th inst.
A North Atlantic telegTa.ph via Iceland
and Grreeillarid, to the United States, is
proposed by olShaffner 7 ,an American.
It'seems feasible. -
'the Great Eastern starts on a trial trip
toNew York, on the 9th of June.
Mr. Rarey has'this week had Presented
to him, by :the Royal Humane. Society, the
vhord, iretkunieohiottygniii , itow
Wre.- ,
The Evidence of Our Senses..
It was, good Mr. Philpot, if my memory
serves me, a martyr -in Queen Maiy's reign,
who, in denying the doctrine of tiansub
'stantiation, Appealed to the -evidence of his
,senses , in confirmation of his views. The
bread and the nine, after consecration, he
Affirmed, possessed still all the properties
of 'those articles and had nothing, in them
of the nature of flesh and bloOd any more
than before'conseeration. They apPeared
to the sight, the feeling, and the taste
to be still proper - bread and. proper wine.
And .if he 'should affirm that • they were
I flesh and blood, he would deny the em-,,
-phatic testimony of his senses. And this,
16 his mind, though there had' been no
BeriptUre Argnment,•waS cbnclusive against
alt the subtle and 'viflioriary pretences, of the
Papacy. ,
I was recently, reminded of this ,argu
.ment of that glorious oldpartyr, by a con
verSation Niith a little boy. Riding out
from Alton'alone in my buggy, I came' up
with a little fellow whe, with a - bundle un
der hitjiarnbwas trOgingalong in .the same
" Wl;ere are you going, my boy, T" I in
quired.
gbing out to Monticello (about five
miles;). to take some clean clotheS -to my
lather,.who is working on s the railroad," he
replied•
guingthe same way,ancl Khan be
haPpy to have your company. Get in and
ride With me." Without detaining, me
half a minute he was ,, ,by my side,' Joyful of
heart to think he had ,caught
As he.-was.-communicative and intelli
gent, we kept Up ahrisk conversation while
we journeyed together.
"You live in 'Alton ?" •
44 Yes,--sir:" -
" Dol:you go to Sunday-School?"
." Yes, , sir." .•
"To.what Sunday School do 'you go ?"
"To the Baptist school, air.'
DO your parents attend Church?'
" What church do they-attend '1", •
44 They go to the. Cathedral sometimes."
" They are Catholics, then ?"
r" Yes, Sir.' • "
.‘‘ And are:they . willing to have you go to
a Protestant_ Sunday-School.
." Yes, sir, they'd rather I'd go_ there
than io the Catholic School."
"But how ;that,' if they are Catho
. • .
":•0 very. much of Catholics.
They uscil b,ut they s.' , n't very much
Catholic now:'.' ,
" Well, whatlids'changed their minds ?"
'"" : Why, iffy father arid Mother, you know,
have to work'hard. And they went to'the
priest:for'permission to reit' meat' on Fri -
days; but the priest would n't let - them.
lie told 'them that If they eat it, they
would be cursed, and swell` up and ' die.
But•they- found that they` ccaild n'tl Work.
witlibut eating - Meat, and they 'did eat it, -
andtherfind-that it do n'tihtir?'ihtm any
more t'ea i t it on,- Fridays , th,an adzy other •
days. They don't believe the'priest zany,
',more, and they-a' n't very much Catholics
After the 'little fellowlad left me, I took
up the folloiving reflection: If all men
would, in such matters, follow the4vidence
,of /beir•senses, and of common sense, in,
stead of the foolish and 'wicked vagaries of
infatuated and mercenary men, what a mass
of superstitierralid nonsense would be dis
carded by mankind!' !What a flood of light
theyxoultl,jet into their ,souls 1,-Sunday-
School Times. .
A Roll'of edvinisti.
Who, for ages, suffered the coufisoatipn
of preperV; /exile, imprisonment, and,
death, rather than renounce the truth as it
is: in Jesus,.,
• .The Waldenses and gugnenots, those
noble Calvinists .ot .Fr,anee.
Who . besides Lutber, were the great
leaders of the Reformation of the sixteenth
century , ?;
Nelancthon and, &Jingle, Calvin, Farel
and Vinet Knox, Crammer- and Ridley_
all Calvinists. _
Who "alone kindled the precious spark
of' liberty: in England," `and gave " the
English the rwhole freedom .of their Con
stitution?" -
According to Hume, they were the Pu
ritans, those reviled Calvinists,
Who elevaied Seatland to her high 'emi
fleece among the: nations ?
Her sturdy Calvinists.
W:_bo ,, bore ;the ,•most important. part, in
our Revolutionary struggle ?
Caliinists, according to our distinguished
historian, Bancroft, 'himself a Unitdrian.
He says : "We are proud of the freo
States that fringe the ;Atlantic." •
The Pilgrims of ; Plymouth were Cahill
ists of • France, William Penn was a disci,
ple of the'Huguenots'; the shipefrom
land, that fist brought - colonists to Man:
hattan,.were filled with Calvinists.
H 4 that will not honor the memory, and
respect the influence. of Calvio, knows-but
little of the origin of American s liberty
"By 'their frUits ye Shall know them.
The. Old Slander Against Calvin.
The Delta of this city, after publishing
what it supposes to be the sentence of death
passed upon Servetas by then Syndies, of-
Greneva, and charging Calvin with being
instrumental in having this sentence passed'
and executed, adds : •
"New; then, did Calvin ever .repent of.
these acts ? If not, has not the world a
right. to ask, Was the father of. Tresbytez
rianiam a GAristian 7' "
We are surprised tlutt any respectable ; .
even secular pries ' would re-publish this
Romiehelanddr. We supposed that all in .,
tellikent 'Protestant 'Christians Were' rsapis
fied that Calvin had no hand in death
of
Servetiis: Reilliet,'a Unitarian clergy:-
man;whoransnolked - theatelitiferof Geneva,';
inVestipted.all .thestrnannscriptifitud cu r l
respondence= of the time,, dt the-publio`
, WHOLE .:N0.40.
libraries of. Europe, , which bore on the
case, gives, as an impartial historian, the de
tailed Tedult of hiSiiivestigations, which is
a complete verdict' of acquittal of 411 , the
slanderous charges-brought against Calvin
.in reference to Servetus' ,death, showing
that his eondernnation was political. He
was sentenced by the magistrates of Gene
va, not as a heretic, bile as a rebel, who at
tempted to - subvert the Constitution of
Geneva. Calvin, after the 'sentence was
; passed, used , all his , efforts to have the pun
ishment mitigated, In reference to the
'insinuation that he was the father of Pres
byterianisra, this is too ridiculously absurd
for comment. Presbyterianism existed
long before Calvin was born'; and: the
who states that he was the _father of .Pres
byterianisrn, only shoNis' his' own ignorance.
0. True Witness.
JW
rohi'rNewtoiei' Expertetre.
Therehave been lew:mett whose early
history was more extraordinary, .than that
of John. Newton. He was blessed with a
godly mother—r-one of the greatest of all
blessings—Under whosithful iigon,
1 . 4 4 4 - .• iiite wake ,t,vat etfa iatiV. pi* nst
age. As, he grew up, .though at times un
der strong _religions impressions, he, grew
gradually worse, being exposed to, all the
teniptations of a sea-faring; life, till he
,he
came not ' only an infidel, but one of the
most profane, profligate, and abandoned of
,young men. During a .stay of ;fifteen
months on the' coast of , Africa, his degra
dation and misery, seemed. complete. Yet
was he destined to be not only an eminent
Christian; hut an eminently wise and use
ful miitistef of Christ; arid to be the instru
ment in turning many a sinner from the
error of his way,, and in, helping. ma.ny a
child of God his spiritual warfare.
'The religious experience of Newtoupre
gents niore that is instructive to Christians
of all classes, than that of almost any man
With. whose history' we are acqnainted.! It
,wa,s,:whatimay ;beiproperly called a-rich ex
perience; and it Vi:as eminently §criptural.
In ;reading the accounts he has given of
his e,xercises, there is verflittle anemia:ice
to be- made .4Or , peculiarities of tempera
ment. In reading the- life of Payson, we
constantly feel that, we have before us an
eminent servant of God,---one who lived in
`cloSe communion with his Satiour ; but we
see also, that his elevations and depreasions
received `a -strong coloring, from his nervous
temperament. In thatfof David Bra.inerd,
we see rich piety with. a tinge sometimes
a very deep tinge, of melaneholy. In the
biographies`of Blaine Others 'we find much
variety as to`. incident;" With' an y excel
lences, but with less of spirituality than we
could desire. -Newton was rarely, ,if .ever,
,melancholy or if he was so, he understood
thenature of such 'depression too well to
mistake it for a phase of his religious ex
perience.' seldom, if ever, had those
great joys;which,., , at times, lifted Payson
almost, to heaven.. =lle was blest with an
equal, temperament,, , • inclined to cheerful
ness. He was a constant and prayerful
reader of the and its'glorious truths
`were very often 'the a - abject, of 'his pleasing
and devout meditatien..' He had ,very.hum
ble 'views . of himself, < and very exalted
.views of, his Saviour and of his wonderful
*us. He: ived-runeh:in,communion with
'Gad; and feria a large'share of his happi
ness in' oing , good to others. -Ile greatly
excelled in letter :writing:; and his corres
, pondenee is the richest with precious truth
that we have ever seen. There is no writer
Whose werks religious experience= we
peruse:with equal pleasureand profit.
' The-first permanent religious iMpressions
made ,on the mind, of :Mr. Newton, were in
a, storm on his return from Africa to Eng
land, in which the Vessel very, narrowly
'escaped-being Wrecked. - He then began to
read the New Testament With the earnest
deSire to ;know ;whether Christianity: were
indeed_ true, and was not long in being
satisfied, on point. But though he
began td,, pray, and was greatly reformed;
and soon 'aPprea.blied the Lord's tablein the
Episcopal.Chureh, =yet the , light entered his
mind so , gradually, ; that ;,he was„ probably
never satisfied , respectina• the precise time
when he experienced a change • of heart,.
He says : If I had any spiritual : light, 'it,
was but as the first faint streake ol'Ahe early
dawn." It is; indeed, a -singular - fact,
showing how- ,slowly the light sometimes
enters even the,rene*ed mind, that he con
tinned., in theslive,tride for several .years
after he'had evidently become a true Chris
tian L--the iniquitr of the trade hi-iing-not
occurred ,to-him;- But however feeble spir
itual:life in him was•in - its earlierstages, it
attained afterwarda.a.v,igerous grewth, and
brought-forth abundant fruits.
`None but, a truly devoted Chrhatian could
'use *such 'lengnage , as' the foll Owing i " 44 'My
whole study and. desire is comprised , in this
.short sentence -1 To ~walk with r God-!-- T to
set the Lord always ,before me • to hear, his
voice in. every creature, in every dispensa
tion; Ordinance, and 'providence ,•, to keep
him-in liew as my portion, 'sun,' and shield;
my strength, advocate, and .Saviour. And
all my;complaints ~may .be summed up in
this one—a proneness to wander fibre him.
This is too frequently the ease with me, I
hardly 'know how or why. Through Mercy
Lam in, a measure= deliverectfroirCthei dove
of -this present evil world ; the desireof my
heart iatoward God; I account his, loving
kindness to be better than Iffe, and esteem
all his;preeepts concerning all things to be
right, jnst, and good. Ido not even wish
for a aispensation'tei admit any rival into
my heart.; he richly deserves it all, and I
am willing and desirous, to be his alone, and
to be wholly conformed to him. Yet, still
I the effects of a depraved nature; and
notwithstanding' all' my 4 strugglei against,
inward and Outward, evil,' I am too 'often
carried'away from •the point of simple faith
and dependence.'
Newton's Christian experience preserved
him, in the main, from doUbts of his ac
ceptance with God ; bit it - rather gaVe'him
deep views -of his depravity and of the in
finite sufficiency of •Divine grace, than,ele
vated him to extraordinary joy. Ile had
much Peace, though he was
,farniliat with
'spiritual &Olds, but he rarely' rose to what
'he:would call joy. "As to me.". says he,
It
-the Lord deals ; gently.with me—my trials
are few, and not heavy.; .any experiences
run in a kind of even thread ; I have no
great` enlargements, and am 'seldom lift to
great darkness and temptation; I aniiliffen
Wandering away; but 'the Lord' seal 'inn
out, and brin'gs me' back from; timel4s`liiiie,
much sooner than . I could' eipeet. it. am
/enabled tlirough , grace to keep myselflrom
the world, so that ll.have not been left to
bring i..blot on 'my profession. But slag!
my:heart is a filthy, defiled heareatill. "It
is well that , he•Who , knows hbw to bear with
*le knows *lrk is in':ma. 2 'My'coinforf is
compriSed ientelic I kiow
'iri:lltbin‘ have bi3lieved Inow . that
4eSiii is' Mighty to siiiror; -11114iiikeenliky
;Self lost in every view but the hope - Or-ids
iinercy ; I hkive'..iied td•liiri, for safety.; I
:have been pieeerved by hiin thus 'faif 'and
Tbeli eve helWill teep -that which I' have.
•committed to hint even to the'end:
atid:honor, and glory, and praise, to
this-name, wholath lovedlfmorsimieri;':and
:dashed in his ` pieci' ous'b nod.
`Abell." After' sayibg---A I ••Securii %Ade?
Treni the' Pieabytilan. 'Expositor.-
lica:Cii:4*43 • 4ogso 4 .VO:Mooll:ll
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•
.•
sueli a deadness and barrenness in secret
duties, 'as I believe _very few, who are in
`any measure alive are exercised with;" he
cc
adds— The' Lord , has been pleased to give
me such a view of .the all-sufficient right
eousness of Jesus, and the certainty of the
promises in him, that these doubts seldom
'pierce more than skin-deep, and at the bot
tom: of my dry, complaining frame, he is
pleased to maintain a stable peace."
Newton, was wise enough to know that
sorrowing after Christ is as good evidence
of piety,,and as profitable to the Christian,
as rejoicing in him. ."In our 'bright and
lively frames," he says, "we learn what
God 'can do,for us ; in our dark and dull
hours we feel how, little we can do without
him; and both are needful to perfect our
experience and, establish our -faith. At
one, time we are enabled to rejoice in God; at , another we are seeking after him sorrow
ing; these different seasons are equally
good in their- turns, though not equally
comfortable, and there is nothing we need
fear hut security, carelessness, and pre
sunaption.
Writing to a friend who insisted .upon
assurance and . joyas always attendant u on
,19kiagras,,, ltsts*Oeolfm:-, , ,e e
i
~r ,5•,.',... ell.74MrPhej ;•SW 46%.Aii. ;'
bat he has not said, More'blesied are they
that are comforted. They are, to be sure,
more happy at, present ; but, their blessed
ness consists not in their present comforts,
but in those perceptions of Gospel truths,
...
which. , forte them to that, contrite spirit in
which. God delighteth, and which makes
them capable of Divine comforts and spir
idle' hungering& and thirstings after them.
I,would not represent myself as a stranger
to peace and joy in the. Holy Ghost. In
the midst of all,. my , conflicts, I have a
heartfelt, satisfaction from the. Gospel which
nothing else could give. But I mean,
though this be with me as an abiding prin
eiple,lit rarely affords me what I think you
intend, when, you speak of sensible com
forts.. - 1 ; cannot feel that warmth of heart,
that glowing• of love, which the knowledge
of such, a Saviour should inspire. I count
,it, my sin, and, feel it my burden, that I
cannot. And when I truly do this, when
I can abhor myself for my stupidity, mourn
over, it, and humbly look up to the Lord
for relief against it, I judge my soul to be,
at such ; times, as much alive to God as it
would be if he:saw fit to increase my com
fort. Let me either rejoice in him, or
mourn after him I. would leave the alter
native to him who.best knows how to suit
his 'dispensations to my state ; and I trust
he knows that.l, do not say this because I •
set, a small value upon his presence." In
a.single sentence he describes 'the state of
those in whose, soul grace is thriving: " In
a word, an humble dependent frame of
spirit, perseverance in the use of
,appointed
means, care to avoid all occasions of sin,
an endeavor to glorify God in our callings,
and, an eye to Jesus as our all in all ;
these things are to me sure indications that
the soul is right, that the Lord is present,
and thakgrace,is thriving and, in exercise,
whether sensible consolation abound or
The
not." true character of Newton's .
ex
perience may be seen in the view he was ac
customed to take of the, most;desirable state
of mind, and in the themes, which were most
prominent, 'in his preaching. As to the
former, he says : "In my judgment, they
are ,the happiest „ who have the lowest
,thoughts of themselves, and in. whose eyes
Jesus. is most glorions and preeions!)- ~,-As
to the latter, he says: " The, two, points on
which T largely insist, ; are the glories of the
Itedeemer and., the, happiness. of a) life
~of communion .with: , God." . With:, hiin
Christ,. was everything,, -himself nothing.;
and, au humble walk , with God -was the
highest privilege and the mostexalted hap
piness. • His elear Views of the:,all-suffi
cieney of Christ, and his expenince of the
ppwer , of, his- grace, saved _hid from dis
tressing. doubts; ; which might ,have. been
, caused by the deep experience li.e ;had of
his own,depravity. "His blood," . said he,
, cspeaks-ileuder, -than all my evils. My
soul is very sick,but my Physician is in
fallible. Me iii. Fer turns ent any as incu
rable, of ivhein he has fllee am charge."
"If we would muse. less- upon, ourselves
and meditate,more upon the,Lord Jesus, we
should do better:" ' '
Mr. Newton was' a Calvinist; hilt `with
him the doctrinealeftrace *ere 'nor theo
ries or speculations. They entered:. deeply
into his, experience, His soul fed upon
, them as the most nutritious food; and .in
` `temptation and trial he found in them sup
port and' consolation: Speaking' Of those
doctrines called Calvinistic; he ''SaYS "17,-- - ..
41:n , sgre -1 can say. for imyselfOhat .1.-re
ceived not ,the- Gospel ' from, man.. The
• ‘. • .., ...... . . •
little instruction I received in my youth, I
had renounced ;. I was an infidel in the'
strictest- sense Of the. ivortl: `'lien it
~ pleased , Gocl to give me a concern for my iottl,
. and for some 'years afterwards,cLtwas• upon
the, sea, or, in, Africa, at a distancefrom, the
influence of beoks, names, nn4 . parties. ,In
this siace the Lord taught` me by - the New
. Testanienti the truths npon which my soul
~.
mow, ventureeits everlasting enticorns, when
rdid,not know there s mas a person upon
earth. who had the..same -views with my
self, or at least; did not knew, whereto-find
Mich epbrion ; perhaps `I may rather say,
I took it for 'granted that 'ill people who
were, religious, were . of my mind ; and hard
ly suspected that any who, professed a re
gard for the Bible, cenld., doubt or deny
what apPeared to me se plain."
. ;Again,_ he
says : , -r-:."I believe inost i persons who are
truly alive to Gl:id, sooner or later, meet
with some pinches . in% their experience,
which- constrain them to flee to • those doc
trines for their relief, which perhaps they
have formerly dreaded, if not abhorred, be-
Cause they knew not how to get over some
harsh consequences - they thought necessari
ly resulting froth them, or becauge they
were stumbled' by the miscarriages Of those
who professed them. In this way 1 was
.
made a Calvinist myself; and Tani content
to let, the Lord take' his own way, and ‘ his
own time With others." By the way, it. is
4,reniarkable fact, that a very large proper
tion of the beit works on 'religious expe
rienee—worke that have become universally
knoWn andapproVed by the people of God
were 'written by Calvinisti. Such are
the works of Baxter. Owen,: Watts, Bun-
Yam; Dodd,ridge, 'Guthrie, dWardi, Alex
ander,- and - a multitude of others. If is
deeply interesting, to observe hp* similar
are the 'views of eminently godly persons
every . 'age, 'age, when they have been. left
Chiefly under the guidance of the Word
and '• Spirit` of God," without the', unhappy
-influence of' =narrow-minded;. sectarianism.
Ojir Safety.
With GmilriPtu. ' ' roasitik a
••"' God we are safe and
Happy. * "tire.' A'gentleman o .
even 7 • ' - - • a cotta e,, and In
' difilq /11C T• 0311 1....4. , I r n with its inmate, t e ioa nitesittli "
, 1 - . I, ` ii;,. Wien.
'iirstif heagafiCiP....! ll.o rt„ ~nist . • .., . ~
~,,,,, i t u gate, veiso!k: , a,,,,,f oi v e
- 14)/airAiefeciult4!.:6?, :, ~,,:...,..
.. ....,"
_,,„
inetifiationely*LTA ?iv siiithhitroditirthe
..'egtVivil"'iai . d he.; ,
.r f r
~,
, ii. „ ii ,. the
'difoleat i ilea:, 'arid iIA T 6, 'op eßs
~ • • -- ) . ... ~; toms
. • .ga thilhat diill'ith ' /13 the. se cre t P ' the •
of .the' Mini 4i i ii';Bl44 t l to e --1 1313 er tthe
AV d "'"f - fife ShiligN. will's,syso.,,
„„ aOW 0 , r •
,74 qin.l,.. ! , rest; . my
-riiiirlialis niYVe-filgTO4Pirl .th4r.
48,1 1 41 3 4fiiiiiiiehbut". ' ./..4ge,
we,