of a Survey ofei . Route for a Rail Road
Ann rankhannock, Wyoming Co., by the
way of the . Great Bend, Susquehanna
, County, to Bingha mton, New Yen*. By
Janus D. Harris, Engineer. Redd in
:the House of Representatives, May 23,.
1820:
TinittauxNock, February 25, 1839.
To JamEs D. HARRIS, Esq., Engineer. • -
Sm—lElaving Contemplated the survey of
a Mule for a rail road from Tuukhannock
to the Great Bend, and thence to Binghant
la; 'agreeably kJ 'you r : instructions; 'have
now the honor of submitting the following
' , veport and estimate thereon.
As the time allotted to making the survey
was limited, it was impossible to enter so, mi
nutely into an examination of the proposed
route aswas desirable, or as would be indis=
pensibly necessity to a final location; but
the survey was sufficiently accurate to dem
onstrate the entice practicability of the plan,
and to furnish data for an estimate tolerably
-toirect.
The survey was commenced at the -Took
halmocikbridge. This point was chosen, in
order to afford atsopportunity of conliecting
with the canal either at the village of Tunk.
himpUck, or on the opposite side of the
creeb, as might be deemed most expedient.
Assuming a point five feet above the bet-
tom of the canal nt Tunkhannock as the
basis of my operations, I proceeded up the
valley of the Tunkhannock creek, on the
west side of 'the stream to station No. 12,
where it was deemed best to cross the Creek,
in order to avoid steep high banks and short
curves which most have been encountered
by continuing on the west side.
`From station No. 12 to station No 564,
the line continues on the east side of the
creek, passing over ground generally favor
able
.to the formation of a road:
At station N0.,56, the line re-crosses to
the west side of the Tunkhannock, and pur
mei that side of the 'stream to the mouth of
Martin's creek, station No. 164, where,
leaving the former stream, the line proceeds
up the latter creek to the summit.dividing
the, waters of Martin's creek from the Salt
"Lick.
Between stations 561 and 164,the ground
is more irregular than on the
_part .preceed
leg; several bold points occur" along the
creek, M one, of which between station 134
and 136, a Considerable portion of 'rock ex
cavation is required. Three bridge each of
- fifty feet span will also be required o us
part of the line.
The valley of
.Martin's creek is so uni
form, that a short descriptiOn of it will suf
fice. A series of narrow flats alternately oc
cupying either side of the creek and bound ,
ed by high .hills• extends nearly the whole
length of the stream.
In order to shorten the distance and take
every advantage offorded by the flats, it was
necessary to.tross the, creek several times;
consequently, . the number of bridges is in
creased. But the materials for the construc
tion of those bridges are abundant and con
'venient, therefore, they do not oppose a se.
riot's objection to this, plan, and the objec
tion entirely vaniThes when we take into
consideration the: distance saved by their
use, and the diminution in the 'aggregate
cost of the road.
In consequence of the lowness sifthe flats
, along Martin's creek, the formation of the
Toad will consist principally of embankment.
At' the summit the plan of the rood will
be level for a - distance of twenty-four chains
at an elevation of 545 feet above the assum
ed base at Tunkhannock.
A thorough cut of sixteen chains is re
quired at the summit, the greatest depth of
wbith is twenty-three feet, but as the ground'
from this point, descends regularly to the
proper level at the extremities of the cut,
this depth does not oppose an obstacle of
much magnitude to the construction of the
road. The material to be moved will be
principally clay and detached rock. No in
dications of solid rock are presented and it is
believed that no solid rock will be encoun
tered.
From the summit, station 420 to station
No. 455, the line is carried down the east
side of the valley, crossing the main branch
of the Salt Lick, and also another branch of
the same stream near New Milford,
The line was originally intended to pass
down on the east Side of the village of New
Milford, but ending it impossible to preserve
the proper grade and cross the last mention
ed stream with a bridge sufficiently high, it
became necessary to change the line and
carry it down on the west side of the village.
It is believed that -no objection- can be urged
against this change. The ground is equally
favorable for the formation of the road, and
' the business of the village will be wen:ie.
'todimodated. At station No. 458 the line
. Crosses to the west, side of the Salt Lick, and
from this point continues on the west side to
stiii'river at Great Bend, station 520.
' ' The valley of the Salt Lick is very irreg
ular in its formation, presenting 'a series of
prominent points, with intervening depres
lions and 'ravines, requiring in one case con
siderable eicatatibris, and in the other heavy
euillankniente: 'Soine portion, both of the
"excavation slid eirdutnkment might be avoid
'fed by increasing the curvature of the road
'and coniequently the distance, but as such
-a course would be so evidently sacrificing
'utility, it wnithonzbt inexpedient to adopt
it
It is proposed to cross the Susquehanna
'at Greht Bend and extend the line down the
"north side - of the river to Binghardpion. In
croising . the river three points are presented
for consideration :
' ' First—By carrying the line in the rear of
'the village, along the brow of the steep
liarik and approaching the river About one
Chain above the site of the present bridge.'
. `! ; Flecondly—lity a 'lint; diverging from 'the
firlit route near - station No. gel, and passing
siliiiiithii left side '!of the street to the river
'it ilie' l siteof the present bridge. I
' The third line would' diverge frciin the I
`fit* at I.b4Pciint , above mentioned, and iip- 1
liiciiichiiw'ttii:riiir aliOut eight chainsbelow
*le 'triage *Dula: r e:Loss at that point. .
All these routes'arT entirely feasible' and '
"iti d niiitise 'Of gindingyould be nentir the
same ifid4tinb; 'theiefors,:,sp far' as expense
iilonikis'eCincerned, their . _ claims are equal,
..thelt Is 'believed that the line 'little
`4iiiiitiatite the hiAairiellnfitie . village better
'44llei 'of :OS Ottieri.' Thi'*stioaie is
i- erefoitz,,iii 'imiihi:iiattoiko o s Ais lipi.
Aulin
''''',' The' Plahe* ottlia 'via I ' ..htiaolethe river
tr6.l"' feet (13)4 '6 l . '4'B 'aiiatatie base at
4bainia i tt:r T abovji - 'ilia :',fliiiiii .of
o f 1 034 :1) 161 - 29 ' 9. at the ainf!de.sitli•
grer Vtlit, shii - Euiiey was made . "'"' ' ''' .
-,
I _The lengtl of , the pmt bridge. ii 1516
feet 'betweinthet' , alktisenks. A bridgst ‘ of
this length might be 'Ought Jthfficiehrlor
the passage of the'rive by=. the form at: tion of the tranbitakmen ion the:north side of
the river,a large viAumOof water which Wow,
is high fioods, finds its way over the fiats on
that side, will then be confined to the phan-.
nel of the river ; it is therefore'o44ed t o
make the new bridge T5O feet in the clear
( between the abutments, in older to give vent .
, ter this, l i tWonel.3,vollunLpf it4ater.
An embankment of a ut thirty chains in
length, aieragingsbouttivelve feetin Abeigthr
will be required; extending from the north
end of the bridge to the hill at itationis3B ;
from thilitioint to the State line 'the ground
is very feverable.
The e r itiln ate terminates at the state lirie,
but the survey was extended to Bingham
ton, in order to aseertain the practicability
of the route for a road from the state line to
that plade.. The result of the i survey ex
hibited net only the feasibility of the route
but a peCuliar adaption of the ground tto the
promised :improvement.
The grading of a road would, in general
be very light, the gradee would be easy and
the curvature slight.
By inspecting the follow ing t table of
grades, will be perceived that the highest
ascending grade froth Tunkhennock to the
summit, is 28 feet per mile, and (nun Ole
summit to Great Bend, the highest grade is
3§ feet per mile.
It will also be obsery d that from Tunk
hannock to the summit, the plane of the
road is either level or Ascending, and from
the summit to the State line, level or de.
scending. The expense of grading in some
instances might have been diminished by
an anduleting plane conforming more Strict
ly to the Surface of the ground, but doubting
the expediency of such a plan it was not
adopted.
From 'Tunkliannotk io the summit sit
station No. 416, the average grade 1317.38
feet per mile. From the siAmmit to Great
Bend average 33 feet pei mile, and from
thence to Binghamton 2 feet per mile
Distancelrom Tunkhannock to summit, 31 rails.' 16 chs
Summit to Great Bend, B .44
Great Bend to state line, '2 62
State line to Binghamton, 13' 34
Distance from Tunk'k toßingliamton, 65 76
In conKrubting the road it will be neces
sary to interfere with and occupy 84 chains
of turnpike and 228 chains of common road,
whiO must therefor; be rebuilt anew on dif
rerent ground.
~Etiroated cost of grading a rail road
from Tunkhannock *to 'the Great Bend, pre
pared to receive the rails fora singly track,
39 miles 60 chains, $231,053 90.
Estimated. cost of grading from Great
Beal to the state line, 2 Miles 62 chains,
$31;467 20.
Cbst of superstructure per mile, $4,582 00.
Estimated cost of road from Great Bend
to the state line, 2 miles and 62 chains, $48,-
474 46.
RECAPITULATIO'N.-F rom Tunkhannock
to Great Bend, $470,152 54 • Great Bend
to state line, $48;474 65. Whole distance
42 mites and 42 chains, $418,027 20.
On a review of the route it is probable
that improvernei,ts might be • made in the
line so as to lessen the curvature and dis
tance, and reducie the aggregate cost of
construction.
Respectfully Submitted,
J. M. NESBIT,
Principal Assistant Engineer
'TLINKHANNOOE, February '2B, 1839.
To Franklin Ltssk and Henry Drinker,
Esqrs., committee of citizens of Susquehan
na connty.
GEtiLTEMEN—The reconnoisance mode
by the undersigned of, the route of the pro
posed rah road from Tunkhannoek to the
Great Bend, and thence to Binghamton in
New York, enables him to submit a few
general remarks in relation to the route and
kind of road contemplated by the estimate.
Theronte was examined at the time that
the survey was in progress under the initne.
diate direction of Mr. Nesbitt, my pricipal
assistant on the survey. The undersigned
I peeled up the valley ofthe Tunkliannock to
-the mouth of Martin's creek, rind thence up
I the valley of Martin's creek trt, in its imrne
, diate Vicinity to the summit between Mar
tin's creek and Salt Lick ireeh, thence
down the valley of the' Salt "Lick creek to
the village of &rent Bend and, by the valley
of the river to Bi amton, the termination
of the Clienen' canal.
•
f ;
Notivithstatiding• the country through
which the rail!way was traced may be'term
ed hilly, mid in soine parts ..niountainous, a
pass was &Oil to exist as'aliove described
which presents a favorable '; route for the
road: The nature of the ground will be
better understood b examining the accom
panying report of r. Nesbit,imd an inspec
tion 4 of the table of grades'. A tabular state
ment of the radii ot the curves has not yet
beetr•prepared, nor `'has a map of the route,
as the time which! could
,be spared from
other duties would trot permit: Iris believed
that no curves will be necessary with shorter
radii than 'l,OOO fder in any: case, It will
be seen on' examing the report of Mr. Nes
biethat nd extraor dinary difficulties are met
with on 'the route. I
The estimate embraces su much of the
line as lied between- Tunkbannock and the
state line hod has been toads for a Single
track with' sidings or turnouts amounting in
all to one and a half miles bgween 'those
points ; the road formation to fifteen feet
wide at the plane of the road fn all Cases,
and Wider at turnouts ; the sup'erstructOre to
consist of cross-ties eight feet long and ten
inches square, of-white oak or Chesnut, upon
which are to rest wooden rads 'fif white oak
five ' by eight ineheal;" the rail { to be Plated
with Be - iron 'bar thrice-fourth by twd and
iili
one-fourth inches, upon whic h the I mo
tivesand trains will rabic This will fora'
a euhitahtial road aedit hrsoptiosed be
well adapted io- the heavy ifawOortation ci
pe4ted to be done rift!:it.' . Tbt eiper of
ta
the road'may be stenally reduced n.,: .
fluting theldiadtb cif! the roiittormation* to
birdie feet, and 'by' utsing "tbe 00er tibial
is iiiiheiirutiediatii vfoitityd.! the mote for
'chi iiiperstrtieti i re4bleh is le:asdiSrablo
triad ttiiiis that 'implied 'to 'belitsidi alio
-iisitieltiiit - one lhalf b y two and 4)o 4 oorth
-il'elleti:(!iraith is the liellOCidthissibie for :
traiisporiiiieSoallsdheartsitieleli) liiiteed
ofthree4biirthsliy hil'iiiit onOo n tth !iron
.** Oak iiiid ehelinut - toiibitiis'itea • 004
mutictliii thief part orttiii'tiolitid•ralls is
of that kliidOrtitild 'hitro'Xiii'lielortiestria 'it
4lis riierinid could belt:atop:lined by means
I 1
of the , road itself ; to the middleonions of
P
thlk ' •
T
;fi- rciad.:uoo the ragged scale ofjoefin ,
a
nenny Might*" kilo iakinediate demands. of
the distlict of itounlry ipterested in it, bti4 it'
would be more economical to make it as per
manent as the estimate contemplates if the
fundt#P c . 0 9P1 4(14 0 - I • •
Thai circumstance of *the Steepest grades
being en the Salt Lick side of the summit
favors the preponderanwOf trade and ,ton
nage li,higiu,wilrniore,ftoin soittli 6 forth. ,
Very respecfully,
- • Yrinfebediefirliervatit, -
JAMES D. HARRIS, Engineer.
FROM THE ARMY !
From the N.V. Picayune, July 15.
Late from Mexico.
Council of War in Gen. Scott's Camp—
Ord4r to martih upon Mexico—March
• Countermanded--Santa Anna's Prepar.
atiotia—The Column of Honor—Letter
from General Taylor—The Repnblieano
upon Mexican Victories, 4.c. 4.c.
One Day Later from Vera Cruz.
Tbe steamship Galveston, Copt Haviland,
arrived: yeitetday from Vera Cruz, touching
at Tampico and the Brazos. She left Vera
Cruz at 2 o'clock on the afternoon of th e
Bth instant, Tampico on the afternoon of the
10th, 4nd Brazos Santiago on the evening
of the 11th. She arrived at the S. W. Pass
on the 'night of the 13th, having made a ve
ry fine run.
The Galveston brought no later pews di
rect from the army ofcGen. Scott, for there
had been no further arrival of couriers at
Vera Cruz. We learn nothing More of the
marchnf Gen. Pillow, and remain still in
thd dark as to his position. The Palmetto
left Vera Cruz shortly after the Galveston
and arrived at Tampico on the 10th. She
may shortly be expected, and possibly may
bring later news.
From Tampico we have some verbal in
telligence not without interest tie Amer
ican prisoners had not arrived there, but
were at a place about forty leagues distant
—probably ILejutla. On the Bth inst. Col.
Deßusey of the Louisiana Regiment, left
Tampico, at tho head of about two hundred
men, intending 'to proceed to the relief of
the prisoners. IHe took with him a small
force of regular artillery, a portion of his
own regiment and some of the mounted men
of Tampico—a serviceable description of
force raised in town. it is more than prob
able that the colonel will have a brush with
the enemy before he gets back. There are
said to be pretty strong parties of guerillas
on the road to be followed.
Accounts of the health of Tampico, and
especially the Pennsylvania regiment, are
more favorable.
From a file of „the Sun Anahuac,publish
ed at Vera Cruz, we have a few items of in 7
.telligence. The night of the 7th inst. a fight
occurred at Vera Cruz between tWo Merl;
cans, is which one stabbed the-other,so
verely that he died instantly. No names are
given.
The U. S. echo - oiler Flirt went up from
the naval anchorage on the iith and returned
the neat day. The object of the movement
was not known.
Capt. Mayo of the navy and Governor of
Alvarado having received intelligence that
Father Jarauta was in the vicinity and de
signed to surprise and take Alvarado, went
off in pursuit of him at the head of one hun
dred arid fifty.men, proceeding. up the river.
At last dates the expeditou had not returned
to Alvarado, nor had any account been re
beived from it..
The editor of the Sun of Atiahuttt has
seen the Republican° of the 28th June, con
taining Mr. Buchanan's letter, with saitioh
we are all familliar, awl the pretended pro
ceedings of the Anierican council of war.
Upon the information thus derived the edi
tor founds an article which we . give below.
[His views are more fully developed on the
Spanish . side, but the English article is suf
ficient.} As to the court martial alluded to
the prdceedings will be found in the news
from the city of Mexico :
From the Sun of Anahuac, Eth innt
WHAT COURSE WILL GE?. SCOTT PUR
SUE?—The late intelligence which we have
received from Mexico of the correspondence
between Mr. Buchanan and the Mexican
Minister of Foreign Relations, treating o
peace, has it seems to us, altered the course
which Gen. Scott was to pursue.
We have deferred our remarks until-now,
because we were afraid to he too hasty in our
speculations.
It seems likely to us that Gen. Scott will
not' adiance any further until he receives
orders from Washington to do so. Brit will
the cabinet at Washington give the order.?
We doubt it very much, because it would
throw more difficulties in the way of the ne
gotiatiotis.
It must have struck the mit tq a ;if every one
alto has read the corresponden above allu
ded to, that the tone of the • Mexican Govern
ment has altered very much, if we should
judge from the few lines addressed to Mr.
Buchanan by the Mexican Premier in an
swer to his propositions of peace. •We do
not see, , in his letter, any of that arrogance
which in every instance before has charac
terised the Mexican diplomatic correspon
dence—but on the contrary a pretty polite,
though short answer, in which be says he
declioes answering the arguments of Mr.
Buchanan; until Congress, to whom he re
fcrs the mutter and who have solely the pow
er to decide, shall have acted upon theta.—
In a note which he addressed to Congress,
be prEsses upon them to take immediate ac
tion upon them.
BLit, in the meantime, what is Gen. Scott
to dol Will he take up his line of march
for the capital while there are hopes enter
tained for peace? This is not at all probs.
bk. • We therefore come to the conclusion
that be will not make a, step forward until
all hopes for concluding a treaty of peace
are lost.
"By chi way 'at Tampico we
ieceiied a
copy or RI Republican, from' the,City of
of Merle°, of the 300 i Of Yirhe, also a number 26t1i, which was our
previouifde. A'aik'PaPere contain matters
,of #eitintereit.
The' council, of War,apoken yeeterilaY,
sai hel d 424tb. It is iiot alluded, to
in the - Rtait of the' 4J6 tilt! nor ` in
Mr: llcilall'i.letteri cante'doriti,
the 30th
„Yr* .facts; are saidito 'bt.'lle
tived areeponsible source and they look
Wareh'il °Onion!, pit**.
•
larly so. . The Re üblica9o of the 2lith says
nothing about the s ubject but in•thitt piper
of flee 30this On olgieript to lll4Ck. 2 ;ig ,
c :
Orefixed in: - large lietteia 'leg ii#PoraW
This ipstitiript mOntioes thaseeOpt :of lit
ten announcing the debarkation of 180
men at Vera Cruz from Tampico, whit had
marched • iairaethately. forlPmehla. '1 (T,hlo is
probably 'Gen. Cadwallader'X detachment.)
The letters further said that Gen. Seim had
already oulered the-march of the first brig
lade, consiating Of fifteen hundred troops with
ten guns and a mortar, towards the
i eity of
Mexico; when' he' learned - that - the'train Wiis
detained at Nopalucan, (forty miles this ide
of Puebla and fifty. one beyond:Pen:Se ;
that he thereupon countermanded, the mire
upon Mexico, and , despatched, a force to the
assistance of the train coming up. The let
ters then speak of the review of the; troops
which took place , on the' 26th. The pain
ber of troops is set down at B,sool:nett with
out including those who occupy the fortifi
cations of San Juan, Loreto, &c. ~_' 'Jut the
most important paragraph is that Gen. Scott
would probably postpone his march upon
the city until the 10th July, to alloW these
reinforcements to come up. We give these
various pieces of news as we find them, but
the reader will constantly bear in mind that
our advices direct from Puebla are later
than these by the city of Mexico.
The Republican°, in this same postscript,
thinks it very probable that Geil. Taylor
will abandon SAW°, Matamoros and other
towns in the north of Mexico - and shortly
proceed to Vera Cruz, to assist in 'the taking
of the capital,,which is now, it adds,, the ob
ject of the aspirations of the Americans. It
is very anxious that the Government should
direct Genera 4 Valencia and, Sales, now al
San Luis, that they harrass the retreat of
Gen. Taylor. ,
We see an order of Santa Annl . issued
on the 10th, admitting provisions of various
kinds into the city free of duty. This is to
last only as long as martial law prevails.
Another law has been issued modifying a
previous one directing the closing ot shops
every afternoon. They are now to, be clos
ed only on Thursdays. Theobject of closing
the shops was to compel every body to turn
out for military drill.
On the 28th, Santa Anna issued, through
the Secretary of War, a brief but stringent
decree, to this effect :—The army of the en
emy being about moving upon this capital
with a view ti
o attack the, same, and the mo
ment havin arrived to act boldly, energeti
cally and utijforinly, to
. repel our common
enemy in a manner descisive and happy for
our arms, it is decreed that, martial law hav
ing been declared, it shall be strictly'enforc
ed, and that no other authority whatevershall
be recognized than that of the general in
command of the army of the East. This
General is Loinhardim. The decree is fol
lowed up by another greatly restricting the
intercourse between the city and' countr ) ,
and pointing out who may go and ciame.—
The details would be uninteresting 'fere.
The Republicano urges the formation of
a body of troops under the, name of Coluinba
de Honor—something like the Legion of
Honor—in which officers of all grades, not
actually on duty in defence of the city, shall
serve as private soldiers. Quite an eloquent
article is devoted to the s upport of .this sub
ject, but Santa Anna will look with a jeal
ous eye upon every , suggestion coming
from this quarter.
Robberies are said to eb very frequent in
the capital, and no adequate fore cis detailed
to prevent them.
The Republicano blames the Government
for not communicating at once with Mr.
Trist, without, referriug the subject matter
of Mr. Buchanan's letter to Congrfss. It
holds that it is the business of the Executive
thus to manage negotiations, and refer the
result to the wisdom of Congress. To refer
overtures thus is to break them off in the
outset. That paper takes good.care, to pre
vent the inference from this remark that it
favors peace. It is on the coutrari open
mouthed for war. It would not grant a
truce for a single day, nor omit preparation
for defence. However, it concludes Sts arti
cle by trusting that the Executive at well as
Congress will show themselves• " extremely
difficult in relation to peace, and not consent
to one unless the conclusion of it shell pro
tect in every particular, the honor, tbe good
,
name and interests of the nation. We re
gard this as a concession
,on the. part of the
Republicano and a good amen of pence.
The papers contain accounts of :several
outrages committed by the Ameridans at
Puebla. We do not believes word of them.
Some of the stories are utterly preposterous.
One paper pretends that Gen. Scott is
driven to make a: desperate attempt upon
the capital by the scantiness of his resources
and the discontent of the volunteers ! Mex
icans are not unprepared for him, it adds.
[From the N. 0. Picayune, 7th inst.)
INTERESTING FROM THE CITY
OF MEXICO
The Diario del Godierno of the 25th tilt.
contained the proclamation of Gen. Kearny to
the Californians, from which A is copied in
to El National, the official gazette of " the'
free and soveneign state of Puebla," pub
lished at Puebla.
Proclamation to the People of Cali-
fornia.
The President ofsthe United States hav,
ing devolved upon tha undersigned the civil
government oft California, he enters upon
the discharge of his duties with' an ardent
desire to promote as far as possible the in
terests of the country and well being of its
inhabitants.
The undersigned is instructed by the Pres
ident to respect and to protect the religious
institutions of CaWorms, to take care that
the religious rights of its: inhabitants are se
eared in the most ample manner,:since the
Constitution- of the United States .allows to
every individual the privilege of worshiping
his Creator in- whatever manner his con
science-.may dictate. -
The undersigned is also instructedtoprn
tect the.periont and pioperty of the; quiet
and, peacable inhabitants o.V' the , country,
against each and eve ry - e nemy, yihether for
nip or domestic ; end now
,assuri, ug the
CaliGoninni that hiiinclinatinna no less than
b ia duty 'deniand' fulltnent:Of ifiese in
'etruntiatis, hiyinititekt, heln ~ tQ nag, th e i r b eat
itihrtsto pre a' and t an uil,t y, to
04 1 ,04 11 0*(4v, 'pad PPII!.(;!rd; and !o.olRin
tain 'the itutliorfty, and eliCittneY of the, laws,
it "ie the desire :
~ ati4 inteitiop
ted st a teai e ptocu r e for,CalifortiOas !wed
it "as Pdssible r 04 #9 1 `nntent l ,kke, that
'of their own tepriteriss , and din)! ` v ery
soon invite the inhabitantattn exercise the
righti of free citizens in the; choice of their
own rOPresentlitives, who may enact such
laws aft► they de,eni:best adapted to their ln
fereitsand wellbeing. :But until this takes
place, the laws actbally in existence, Whieb
are not repugnant to the constitution of the
United, States, will continue in force OW
they are revoked by competent authority ;
and persons in the exercise of the public
employments - will for the present remain' in
them provided they ;swear .t 4 majottiiii the
said constitution and faithfully to discharge
their duties: ' -
The undersigned by these presents fib
solves all the inhabitants of , Californii!of
any further allegiance to the Republic of
Mexico, and regards them as citizens of ihe
United States. Those who 'remain qrnet
and peaceable will be respected and protect
ed in their rights ; but should any one take
up arms against the government of this 'tor
ritory, or join such as do so,-or instigate oth
ers to do so—all these he wi l regard as en
emies, and they will be treated as such:
When Mexico involved the United States
in war, the latter had not time to invite the
Californians to join theirstaridard as friends,
but found themselvs compelled to take posses
sion of the country to:prevent its falling into
the hands of some European power. ludo
ing this there is no doubt that some exces
ses, some unauthorized acts • were' cornr
ead by persons, in the service of the Uui ed
States', and that in consequence some of the
inhabitants have sustained losses in their
property. These losses shall be duly inves
tigated, arid those who are entitled to indem
nification shall receive it.
For many years Californa has suffered
great, domestic convulsions ; from civil wars,
like poisoned foinitains, have flowed calam
ity and pestilence over this beautiful regiUn.
These fountains are now dried up; the stprs
and !pipes now float over California, and as
long as the sun shall shed its light they Will
continue to wave over her, and over the ha
tives of the country, and over those who
shall eek a domicil in her bosom ; and under
the protection of this flag
,agriculture must
advance, and the arts and sciences Will
flourish like seed in a rich and fertile soil
Americans and Calforniaus I from hence
forth one people. Let us then indulge one
hope ; let that be for the peace and tran
quility of our country Let us unite like
brothers, nod mutually Strive for the im
provement and advancement of‘ this our
-beautiful, country, which within a short pe
riod cannot fail to be not only beautiful, but
also prosperous and happy.
Given at Monterev,•capital of California,
this Ist day of Mixrch,.of the year of our
Lord 1847, and of the Inaepeadenee.of the
United States . the 71st,
S. W. KEARNY, Brig. pen. U. S.
and Governor'of Californa;
Man and Nathre.
"The price of corn (maize) is now so dif
ferent from the expectation of the owners
far Vest, that the charges is more than the
article is worth. Large parcels of corn and
other products have been abandoned to the
for Warders, and ninny cargdes and consign.
ecs would sell for the charger. The org inal
purehasc money is" theretOre a total loss,
and; where 'the owners are able, they will
suffer a still further loss."—N. four. of
C D
4 - hen. Attilla presented himself to the
Hairs as the " Scourge of God,!" he was he
cepted under that name, and -in that capa
city!, by the barbarians, who appreciated his
miss r ion of wrath, and exulted in the profit
.
whi!ch they were to derive from the miseries
of the human race.
When it pleased Providence,
.in the past
year, to send another Scourge of God into'
the world, in the guise of a Famine, which
has afflicted some of the fairest regions'of
Eur Ope, and in Ireland and Scotland has
left death and mourning to complete the yet
unfinished chapter of the calamity, it was
scarcely to he believed there were any hu
man beings who could hail its advent with
pleasure,—who would hasten, like the, col
lowefs o f Attilla, to enlist under the banners
of the new terror, and count the spoils of the
victory of sorrow. This teas a tuistake.:—
There are such beings - ; there were Ouch
even in America, in a republic of freemen
and Christians; to whom the profitable , ca
lamity has been, from, the first, a theme• for
the!lciudest and openest exultation. There
waS some shame, however; the ingenuity
of hypocrisy is never at a loss for. a musk ;
and we were invited to exult, not over the
Irish famine, which had opened a rich mar
ket to our bread-stuffs,, but over the - Tariff
of ' 1 46, as if that had covered the laud witli
prosperity. It was the very 'wickedness •of
political deception to attribute to an act of
Congress the manifest effects of a Visitation
of God ;. to credit to the benefit of an anti
prutective measure What was only . the'ccin:
sequence of human wo. .
.
The 'above quoted little paragraph from
the Journal of Commerce shonis how quielt
ly and easily the whole deception is dispel
led. It' merely states, what all know, the
sudden fall in the price of bread, following
the, late news brought by the Caledonia.i—
That news was, nut that Ireland had ceased
to suffer, hut that Nature had ceased;to
froWn e7 that. the, rains . fell, and the 'pint
shOne i and the fields once more shone with
the. prospect, of plenty. The harvest is not
•satled, it is not yet ripe ; put thereis aprotn
ise I d a
• harvest : and even amid the desola
tion, whiph still exists, and the deaths 'from
suffering that still occur,,it only needed dint
promise to strike down the high prime of
grin, and - humble the, demagog* wo
have told us they were 'all owing to the Tar
iff l ot' '46. " Large parcels of corn and
some other produce have been abitidenedto
the; fo,rwardiis,- and many cargoes the eein
signees would sell for the charges." Is this
alllhe stability of the rich market the. nilw
Taar was to give to the fanntirs of Aineri
ca Is that European market , *tit giin
Nit
which the framers of the free-tradebill, havei
done all they could to breakdown our own
twine market, of
,sci little vihie that the
mere 'prospect cif a tine crop ; in .P;eitt-Brit
!tint in famine times - too, smites dowel the
pie of maize so low dint the,consignees.
wo IdPe'glid tosell 'it "for the' eherllegt,"
in 4 ,ithandon it toihefortirarderit"? liyhot
pii4is; thee, 'are', we' to expect *ken - the
prig' of Great Britain •Ohitlilii!ielti'en *-
it's eilt—Netth Anteriemt.
.6.
ODEPH C. NEAL, Eq., editor of the flat
ft
nri,l y gaz erre, author of " Chore"! Sketch
es, died suddenly at hierasidertee
_itq'hilti
del bin, on - the 11316 inst;
-----
tithe peoplts abuottiie.
.
" Here shall the Press, theTeople's rights ntentakt,
thawed by influence, and unbribed by gain." •
MONTROSE. llilar 119•1847.
CANAL COMMISSIONER,
MORRIS LONGS !
of Montkomery d.
"JOURNAL OF THE PEOPLE."—We have
recived the second; number of a new tri
weekly paper, publiihed by Hossmit & Co.
170 Broadway, Neir-York, with the above
title. Amid the deplorable servility that
characterizes the party press at the c present
day, it is really cheering to meet with a jour
nal which has •the independence, without
the hope of party reward, and with the cer
tainty of party denunciation; to advocate
" the greatest good of the greatest number."
The "Journal" is a handsome sheet, inde
pendent, free and fearless, and withal con
ducted with signal ability. • Being satisfied
that it is on the right track—firmly based
on the broad Democratic platform which
the spirit of our free institutions so clearly
designate, and which the truckling baseness
of a mercenary press may 'never reach—we
hail its debut with pleasure, and wish it may
receive the success which its manly inde
pendence so richly Merits,
GREAT BEND & TUNKHINNOCK RAILROAD.
We last week 'published a RepOrt of Wm.
B. Foster, Esq., of !a re-examination of the
Projected North Branch Canal extension.=
This examination wass made, we understand,
at the instance of the North Branch Canal
Company, under the following circumstan
ces: A delegation'from the Company had
been at Boston to induce capitalists to take
stock in the concern; The Bostonians -pro
posed that a re-survey or examination of the
finished,amfinished- and requisite work on
the line should be made by a competent En
gineer ; and assured the delegationi that if
the Itepol orsuch Engineer should promise
as favorably as their own representations,
the necessary capital should be, at once in
vested. The required eilatliation has been
made, and the report is even more favorable
than was anticipated by the most sanguine.
It appear that the State has expended tip
on the 107 -and 21-100 miles, to be thrown
into the hands of the Company, over three
millions of dollars, and that the total cost of
completing that whole distance is estimated
at $1,106,037 only. Hence we maireas
onably infer that the North Branch Canal
will be speedily finished.
if. The N. Y. & Etie Railroad, now under
contract far west: as Binghamton, "will
probably be completed to that point within
a year from this time ; each contractor be
ing bound to finish his work.Witliin eighteen
months- from the time of his undertaking,
and an immense force being now at work
upon the line. 1,
We this week publish (omitting valuable
statements•, details, &c.) a Report by a late
State Engineer of a route for a Railroad be
tween Great Bend and Tunkhannock, a
distance of forty miles, to connect the N.Y.
dr. Erie Railroad with the North Branch
Canal. Nature seems to have designed this
route for a Railroad. What an immense
amount of Coal, rron, kc. might thus find
its way into the Chenango Cahal—and what
quantities of Gypstim, Salt, Lime, &c. would
be transported in return. The freight on
the North Branch Canal would be thereby
mote than doubled ; while the Railroad
stock could not beotherwise than profitable
to its holders. Thip Road must soon be
built,—indueements for its early construe-
Lion semi' to us eo-be irresistable.
I BLIND ADHERENCE TO PARTY, NO VIRTUE. '
We are in the daily receipt of testimony '
front high, and. worthy sources, that men
may be independent -in thought, word and
deed, and stilli:be politically honest—that
men,may form opinions for themselves, and
in the exercise of. a seund discretion, rt in .
'accordance with weltipbonded convictions
Upon questions affecting the common wel
fare, regardless of party caprice of - the de
nuncl tion of interested political headers,
andt merit the approbationlof all sensible
} :
men, for exalted patriotism. i
Many, very many are now of opinio n
o, that
the People's interests would be-bet'ter pro
moted by sending to the halls , of our {Legis
lature, men who, Ostend of continually and
only watching' the• yeas and nays i pflparty
upon imponantqaaations which arise, would
investigate the sUbjects ender consideation,
exercise sound judgment in relation to ahem,
and vote independently with a view to the
public goed.`. • h o.thought , that Men thus
acting conscientionslY; and from a iiense" of
duty, Woulirbe entitled to more ere i dit than
one,who, on hie - return from•Hatrisburg,
couldsonly bout that he bad defeatedlevery
bill the passage of which was deiired by
apt! Who opposed his &elicits. 1 .
~* H ear Gen. Zachary Taylor, irli(
tow
308. BOYD,:: PUBLINIER.
DEMOCRATIC NOMINATIONS.
POE GOVERNOR,
FRANCIS R.
of ilikikeny
Ii t HIGAOMINATIONS.
For qovernO.,
JAMES
of Centre
Canal Coinnaissioner,
JOSEPH W. PATTON,
of Cumberland co
1 0 IietIEDI