1
IncVeoptcli Shocettr.
OtllLtittklit EVERT SR I• T AtOßNltio, OT
I.
I s
FOOW & Be 'D.
(Office on die west sidcihfLtlie ,Public Avenue.)
TDRMS.--ONE DOLLAR n year in ndsmfre.
One .Dollar Couto if not paid within three
months, anti i*lel‘nyed until after the expiration of
t he rear trio &liars will le etneted.
DisemitiMmilees optiona, with the Publishers, un
lefkA arrenrage4 are raid.
Latent to tlfr Publishers on business with the of.
lice must be pi}st-paid to insure a ttention. . "
. •
tio
taro.
Jro the People's Advocate.'
HOrrali 1 tun Free
r, r A PE:DAGOGr
wi t h an an iry anti a fearful cry,
Ri„ g i ng o'er the beav'ns loud and long,
The: . tree " rode 1114. a spirit by,
shriated, as Le flew, this frantic sung!:
- I baye built the bond l and now I am free!
Too long ,ave I all and 4luggisli lain:
I'll hie the +ay' e'er land and o'er yen—
I hkrrah ! am free—/ ain free again !
I'll skim the sky on ;my raven black wing;
ru hurl ah the earth my lightnings amain;
and boil in my Elev till the heav'nsshallting
Il arrah ! 1 am free again !
I'll dash, in:my wrath, at the mountain's head,
As it pierOeth the clouds, in defiance. so vain;
And 1 - 11 te4, the old oalts from their forest-bed;
lurralt ! Sam free—'l tun free spin! •
'Then ont oiir the sullen old ocean, I'll ride . ;
rad t;ic creg of the foaming main;
ir tl/e dark dept hs of its shore-beating tide
llarrdi! I
an free-1 am free• again!
The billow s oll lash till they kiss the blue sky,
And I'll lijral. them ais fine_ as the driNing rain
Then en in iky nate of ;tale fiim)Lll
Harrah ! nm free—li am free again !
Ha. lia! of 4.0 sf.:, and the land I ant king! : •
4. hit:, titori , t , x t ettalti o'er the wide world nay reign
And still. ialirly _lee, 114 s ttoug *ill I sing:
Ilan-oh' am free—llaan free again!"
I\ tn.c., - ;r. t.. 4.. Noy. 180. • • •
- - ----4---- .
. .
LITTLE WILLIE.
iii Apcusj•ri 19:GANNE
A faiir form is frblicking,
lyeunty round me now ;
With heck-ofsunny loveknassi
Ana fair and open brow.
Ile stiorteth now around my. knee,
In trarnlx)ls free• tind .‘
thiOg of )eutl) land gentleness,
A 41adscnue, winsome
110 leth now albutterily,
Anll bouudetion'er the gro.N.T,
claisies and dhe buttercups
114'ih;•odeth run, I ween:
Ilis 4ttle . h:mad L 4, clappelh.
wing'd!sprite beguiled,
dieth, it> Lis tTL-Itlscunetles..,—
Tlii. happy, thoughtles.vhiltl.
Fait th..• gory
,10 bright am! betaittiful, °
liftt in the suhheant shone;
3val,•t it to hit , mother's side,
liVioothrr Lir and mild,
A nil ;ell , -111 n iti.t a troubled li2.
Ti,k• .sorrow her child.
Th,• infether's hatxds are parting laow
11 - 4 bright and %vary hair—
His luny brow ishe presseth,
a hweskifis tingers there.
.I`dy it-art youthful as I saw
I.lqw sweet.l4it Mfant
0, 1 'ivonld harts r %rental aml fame,
1 . '41)i. a trnatipg child !
illiscrilann.
Jaginenr)int's Journal in India
; From Lilo Westininster4ievie,v.
The clev4r author Of the well-known 'Let
ters from Irhlia' died lin Bombay, in 1833,
at the earlyla , r e' e of thirty-one. --His letters
leer , . given ilri
t the wOrld, in 1533,. but the
virrsent nito4ll more importaut and interest
ing work, tlje eompldte journal ofhis four
`v , ..trs' travels, was unaccountably suffered to
remain iti the manuscript for nine
. yearslaf-
ter the eighties death: It is to be regretted
that it has kieen published in so voluminous
and costly d shape as will make it inacce6i
ble to mail renders. i A volume and a half
of the text Ind two volumes of plates are ex
clusively olleupied with details of botany,
zoology, told -natural history, which have
scarcely artiv interest for the general reader.
A well-eiefmted translation of the more pop-.
nlar part of .the work would, we think, be
well receivOd in this country. A few speci
mens of they author's delineation of hind's
-.1
mailers arid customs may not be una l ecepti-
able in thii,place. 1 1 1
" The , F e w ropeans in the towns oflndia
know scatlely any-thing of the way of life q' i
their itatirq servants. In this country aot.
mestic sirv:(ce is like inilitary service irf otbl
er parts ofthe world ;I it lasts for eactilir i ao
some inturit every daY, and for the rest par
of the time he is tree. I There is perhaps uo
European 01 'Calcut who knows vlbere
any one of :Iris sevant lives, whethert they
an in arrtediliwre chil rea r brothers, patients,
aid iii wht country; what they do; with
Heir saviu 0, &c. - • he jealous care! wish
vhieli the 4ttp,lish st ve to keep all Stran
gers at a d4tanee is v l ry curious ; omits pe
culiar to heir nation !! '' In this country the
;.
rattles make no atte pt to overcome their
rh,erle. *e nume ous class of behrO,
the niost,dluesticated pf all those in the ser
lice of to opeans; li ing . in close alma t
with theta, .4,,, under the r very roofs, and itt
their roornsY Ibilowin theta from room to.
room (hunt' nine mo tits in the year to flip
them, has of yet pr duced one man whp
could speakl English. • * * * •
• `, Soule servants
ter's face.• Rn . travelic
cessity, uner your
ple appeared greatly
for a few drys, but no
thy are quife habitual
questioned sbout thin,,
ceiling. tinmedines,
their poveriv, in order
presents tly have of
any to quetion them
' .' * fill four-II
but ttineteol years
their wislesture in thei
four and Ave hundred
- :):
neyer see their.mat
g, they come of nc.
fi g, they
My pea
disconcerted by this
• a month is-past, and
!d to be looked at and
I: they are fond aeon
in' talking to me of
to: obtain some small ;
rdcd me an opportu
: bout their families, 1 1
Mug, one of whom is
age, ate married
native 'places, three, ,
miles -from here.--
9
-
ADVO -
I •
=1
=I
VrQL.
They all say they make their wives a month- iby the animal. The truth is
_then - sure to
ly alloWance proportioned to the wages .they !come out.
receive, the lowest, a rupee, which is paid The impression made upon the Hindus
by the poorest of the four, who earn fourru- when they see us eating beef is the same as
pees a :month. But one fellow, who can, We should experience on witnessing a ban
hardly StaMi upright on his legs, though he ! gaet of cannibals; it is diskuit and horror.
says be never was better-in his life, is the iWhen we eat pork in their prdltence, their
[ only one of
,thein all who has two wives, feeling is that of intense disgust only; they
vbo receive from him half his slender pit- I think of us as we should think of people who
twee, I,caying him four shillings a month to devour filth. The English Government hp
.defray alt lyis expenses. 'What does a man fi:ir five and tsventy years been exerting its
want with two wives, or with one wife, un- I influence wititthe itajpoot princes, its trib
der such circumstances? I cannot tell, and i Works or proteges, to get them to put an
I am sure these poor wretches themselves ; end to the practice of putting to death most
cannot: ; the female infants in families of illustrious
"The slave nekresses in Bourbon are at . blood. It professes sympathyfor the victims
least on-nn equality with the males of their w aOd abhorrence of human sacrifices. Now
dEjgra(ed race; but here the women seem `all the castes of Hindus entertain infinitely
,not to belong even to the abject speciei of more abhorrence for the sacrifices of oxen,
theirlusbands. Neither Mussulmans nor which are perMitted in All the provinces'of
the Hiztdu eat with them'; and the Brah- India under British authority, than the En
i
mins, vho have only a but tv live in, turn i glish feel for the suttees and infanticidesthey
out they 'Wives to sleep with .the cattle at want the natives to abolish. Many civil ser
certaiwperiods. vants of the company, though in ether res
" A Milo below Serampour, -there is a pects differing , widely in their views and
large pagoda held in extreme veneration. principles of government, agree in banish-
The prth.cipal idol is brought out once a .Mg pork from their tables. Frazer excludes
year on a catlike that of juggernaut to visit beef also from his: but he is the only one I
some of his neighbors. An immense con- I know of sufficientN un-English to do so.—
course is always collected on these occasions, [But few English have sought to make them
and herq, as at Juggernaut, the poor wretch- selves thoroughly acquainted with the feel
es throWtthemselves under the wheels of the I ings of the natives on these matters; almost
car to hei, crushed to death. Mr. Packen- ail are disposed to disregard such things.—
ham, L tdiWilliam Bentinck's' private sec- Lord William Bentinck had oxen slaughter
retarr,: happened to be pas s ing through the ed . in his camp'at BajpOot,<- on the territory
place On horseback' ast year at the time of; of a Sikh chief, and in the sight of- Itunjet
the ceremony. He saw a Hindu throw him- I Singh's Sikh army, notwithstanding the re
sell aoin in the way of the car; the wheels I presentations made by the Clerk, the politi
were near upon him, when Mr. Packenham cal agent for all the Sikh principalities on
galloped up and belabored the martyr with the left hank of the Sutlej. The chief on
his horsewhip. The poor devil jumped up j Whose territory-the oxen were slaughtered
and ran as fast as his legs cad carry him I has been ever since despised by his neigh
•into the jungle, shouting murder ! He was bore, just as a petty German or Italian prince
quite prepared to endure a most horfile !Would be who should allow the leader of
death . , but u horsewhipping was a thing that ! ah a!lied army, passing through his terrim
hadinever entered auto his calculations.— j 3 wtotonly to commit the most wanton
Whitt capricious 'principle is courage! atrocities, without at least trying to prevent
;Tintid And spiritless as these .people are, ; them by theca* energetic remonstrance
there are forms under which death seems to i • 'ln' • • • •
theme matter perfectly indifferent
"The cold awoke me several times during ! ithag,inations, the vast majority of the popu
the night, though I lay near a great fire, and ' lation, instead of haring, owes. The at.r.ri
my servants seemed to rest- no better than', culturist (and India ii peopled with hide
_myself: They dose at night rathei than 'erse than agriculturists) almost always bor
sleep; and, thi seems enough for them. - - I rows from the village banker the little sum
'Negroes likew -e do not sleep. The deliglittnecessa7 to buy seed; and in the poorest
if the Men of ie south is to doze night and' provinces he is even obliged to borrow the
ay. The mere passive sense of existence i stoney to buy a pair of oxen when plbwing
onstitute heir highest enjoyment in this.; season comes in. At all events if he is for
world,
.and;
their imaginations have conceiv- ttinate enon7.ll to be able to meet !these mod
eel none of ter for the blessed in Paradise.-- , ' etate expenses, his own resources are always
:Though much more-inured to cold and heat ' insufficient for any kind of cultivation thr.;
;Than we are by The habit of going naked, the is rendt'red more than commonly expensive
'llindoos complain as we do when they are by the labor . it requires, such for instance as
equally exposed to cold ; I often lie' r those ' that of opium. There is not a peasant in
do so on the road near sunrise, yet cy pre- ! the company's provinces, at Patna or Be
fer bearing wall and walking slowl -, rather . mires, who owns the opium he raises on his
than warm themselves by quicken ng their I land. The company's agent advances the
pace for ten minutes. 'Physical pleasure I sUm necessary for the culture of the Irlppy,
and pain no•more admit of an exact meal- : and takes the opium at his own price, which
urement than do happiness and unhappiness. is sufficient to render tins kind of crop as
There is reason, however, to believe that the profitable to the husbandman, as any other
principle on which they depend, viz: phys- be - could raise, and even a little more so, fcr
.ical sensibility, is very unequally developed, Ithe cultivation of the poppy is not forced.—
not only among individuals, but also among ' But if it enables the peas:int tolive somewhat
various'races.. I believe it to be'very obtuse less wretchedly than he would otherwise do - ,
in the Ilindiis. Their children cry as sel- it. does not give him the means of laying by
diem as tli4 laugh. I have seldom seen enough to do without pecuniary aid from the
them beateniby their parents;
.punishment. , crOvertiment the following wear. In Malwa
must be. veryi severe to make them scream. i these loans are advanced bkthe bankers and
out,. Are we toprestime,because they show I licurers of each little town and village, who
little sign bf pain, that they feel it the less '1 ' %serve to themselves by contract the pro-
I thinCso. - : priety-right of the crop, taking the chance
" In whatcountry of Europe could wretch
es be found who, for a small payment, would
allow themselVes to be hung on a rope by
two sharp looks inserted in the flesh in their
backs, and to bernptidly whirled in the air?
Every spring.; at one of the religious festi'als,
there are Then who willingly undergo this
torture, being paid by rich hypocrites, who
hope to save their souls by these vicarious
Thortifications; and they go Through the
whole without a groan; some of them .even
singing. After bein g cured of their wounds,
they are ready to undergo the same process
the following year. Yet they are not mar
tyrs, cheered -under their sufferings by the
prospect of heavenly beatitude ; they know
perfectly well that their reward will be just
tell! pounds.
The (Ihinese go still further. They not
oni torture themselves by deputy, hut some
tinies suffer decapitatation in the same corn
mai:lions trimmer. A rich man, condemned
to Cose his (head, is somtimes allowed to find
a shbstitute, who shall suffer in his stead—
and he-finds one ! Nor is it merely decapi
tation which the man: has to undergo, but
be is usually tortured .before he receives the
-final blow.' A man Sells - himself in China
to the executioner to find bread for his 'fami
ly; just as in Europt4 he devotes himself to
the chances of war. rWhal must be th e l ove
of such a man for his family, or the obtuse
ness of . hiS 'physical sensibility? The one
and the other are to us alike incomprehensi
ble.
"It 'war
Kennedy,
buried the
the station
and the hol
police wet
grad days,
- The Cuptz
pedient..
1
r feported one- day to Captain
:lint the grave or a young child
year before in the graveyard of
(Simla) had heen thrown down,
y carried;away. • * • The
i• busy making inquiries for sev
but they could discover nothing.
lin at last hit upon a singular ex
le .gave notice that, if the body
overed within twenty-four hours,
ace a cow hung up in the bazaar.
had its desired effect, and that
the body was repl+d.
Itabitantiof the nimmtains are all
if a pay little regard tii the diking-
Os, and to many de out practices
us of the plains; but are ex
: netilious. in all th 'regards the
. Zfoxen. , Captain eunedy Pro,
1 s'blic slaughter of these animals
d :the Measure tends greatly to
I i e . gond4rill of the , mountaineers.
was not re
he would
The, direa
verY, night
' "The i
Hindus. w
:tiorus of ca
, of Ole
gediDgfr Pi
sacredness
Ilibits
in S t imin,
vonolinte
Thl ( OR
own 4n I
set re 04
;Keine*
news tutki
e s 'w hich witnesses are
‘ courts wat" on
" fofjustice, by no means
Itti'froto !perjury; it is 'Captain
t l,,
P . practice , " therefore to &like wit
hold of' a coves , tail and'swear
"EVERY DIFFERENCE OF OPINION IS NOT A DIFFERENCE OF PRINCIPLE."--3EFfEis l
•
! "In India, that El Dorado of European
. -
41oss if the season is unfavorable, and se
ruring-all the profit in the Contrary . case; in
short, the usurers are the real farmers; and
the husbandmen, or proprietors of the soil,
Unable fur want of means to cultivate it on
their own account, hire Out the use of it and
Of their own labor to these Mill . Thisis the
Flptem univCrsally prevailitie from Cape
Comorin to the Himalaya. There is a class
of capitalists much more numerous than in
Eurripe, who lend out money iu petty sums;
and the rest of the.population are from birth
to death their debtor's. Etery peasant has
his account open with the soaker, to whom.
be pars, all his life, the interest on the 'sapi
-01 of his debt, which increases in had sea-
dons and on the occurrence of marriafres and
Other domestic events, and diminishes when
there is a succession of favorable seasons.
." I have often since my arrival in India
Made the observation I am here about to
Mention, that I have no doubt already set
clown in my journal. It is a sort of apologY,
if not'eulogium, of the institution and pre-
Indices of castes as they exist in India. to
doubiedly they are in many respects injuri
ous to the native social interests. They
form, in my opinion, an insurmountable
Obstacle to any notable change or important
amelioration in the moral amid physical con
dition .. of the Hindu. But after all there ,t.e-
Mains something to be said in their favor,
that the lowly do
. not suffer , 'in India from
the pride of the great. The disdain with
Which the high castes look down on the low
Ones never cause the members of the latter
any painful feelings. Every caste and sub
division of a caste forms a little distinct so
:Oety in the genertd community. Its mew
'tiers enjoy a sense of equality-among them
elves, whilst their position in all respects
towards the - other, members of the general
Ooinmunity is determined before their birth
y a traditional iron discipline. c---^
..scipline, contempo-
T
raneous with the 'establishment of the Hin
du governments. -The dhair of the Deccan,
16 the bliit of Malwa, forbidden to enter the
limits of the village whose property he guards
fit night, is morellturniliated before a Drab
inin or a both:lndium), for being what he is,
dhair or a bbil, than is a soldier by the act
bf mounting guard before his colonel's door.
This man, whom
Out, has . his o; caste too, and is no less
attached to it than a Brahmin to the pre
judices and customs of that to which he be
longs. , The dlia;ii of the Deccan, for in
gunce, who fee& on the flesh
,of oxen and
buffaloes and camels that have died of sick
./
,ness or old age, rbgards the flesh of domestic
'swine with no legs loathing .than the Brah
'Min. He has hib peculiar notions of purity
MONTROSE, PA. DEC. 3, 1846.
c call pariah,
a 4ne
iv
and uncleanness relative toj his caste ; and
these strange notions regulate, in the . lowesO
and most dispised caste, the alimentary re
gimen and the relation between the sexes,
just us welt as'in the higher classes, though
differently. The members of the latter bear
no malice orpity for those of ,the former,
who again feet no envy, hatred, or desire for
vengeance against the castes above them.—.
The divine origin of elstes being universal
ly admitted, there is no grottnd for personal
animosity. It isnot a human and changeable-i : it, then, it is unjust, what is the
use cf complaining'? And why should those
whom its injustice favors be held responsible? ,
Is it their fault 3-
" These odd, fantastic prejudices, which ,
condemn a nation to be poor and weak, be
cause they stifle the the germ of almost eve
ry kind of ambition, by confining the growth
of each individual within the. bounds of his
caste, are favorable to individual happiness.
There is not_a single individual in Italia who
is ashamed of his condition. There the !
poor suffer only through the direct effects of,
their penury, whereas the poor of Europe are
afflicted besides by the angry passions with
which they are filled by the sights.of com
forts beyond 'their reach. In the United
States, where the?e are hardly any poor; and
those who are least endowed with means
are almost as well fed and clothed as the rich,
the lower classes of society lead the most; un
happy existence, being continually torment
ed by the idea of . their inferiority and degra
dation.
"Thus there are in the United Sratiesi
so many sore and bitter circumstances
dent to the exercise of the humblest callinms,
particularly that domestic service, that per
sons born in the poorest classes make etttra
ordinary efforts of toil to rise in the social
scale.' The result is abundant production,
national and individual wealth, hut, hs it
appears tome, little happiness._ Thesefree
men work like negroes, and are compOled
to do so, to avoid falling among the Brost :
miserable of all pariahs, the lowest oiasts of
the American republic. A Mid or a dbair
of the Deccan, the ill-paid servant of alyil
lage con - mutiny, or the chatuar of fluid vil
lage, all regarded by the. other pensaas as
impure beings whose contact would ho iaol
lution, excluded from the village as if they
had •the. Pestilence, watching the crops and
the eatde night and day, exposed naked to
the sun and rain, and no better fed than Oad .
—these men consider themselves as lacliing
nothing Which they deem esiential to their
dignity ; they have no need to blush fortheir
condition in the presence of any man, : nor
do they blush ; their locis enviable, if cern =
pared to that of the well fed and well clothed
American who serves -a master,"
The Cousequuees o: Sleeking.
The. wide r preud habit of smoking has not
bad due medical attention paid to it and its
consequences. It is oaly he two or three
year's observation that Dr. Layccck has be
come fuily aware of the changes induced iir
the system by the abuse of tobacco, and to the
varied and obscure forms of disease to which
especially excesiive smoking gave origin.
Ile proceeds to state some of them as they
were met with in the pharyngical mucous
membrane, the stomach, the heart, the longs,
the brain, and the nervous system. The to
bacco consumed by habitual smokers varied
from half an ounce to twelve ounces: per
week, the usual quantity from two to three
ounces. Inveterate cigar smokers.will ;con
sume from four, to tire dozen per week;
The morbid result is an inflamitory ;con
dition ofthe mucous membrane of the lips
and tongue; then the tonsil and pluirynx
s u ffe r,-t he mucous membrane bectinii lig
dry and Congested. If the thorax be am-
Med well, it will be found slightly sw Pen,
with congested veins meandering ov r the
61/riIICC, tied here and there a streak 4.1 4 mu
cous. Aaiun ascends upwards into the pos
terior nares, and there is a discharge I from
the upper part of the pharynx, and trr . 4atitm
is felt within the anterior nares. Th'e eye
becomes affected with heat, ,slight rOness,
Jachrymation, and a peculiar spasmodic ac
tion of the orbicular muscles, .experi:enced
top:Ill.:focal' intolerance alight on aitialien-
Mg from .sleci) in the morning. T he frontal
sinuses do not escape, but there is a heavy
dull ache in their region. i
Deseendni ,, down the alimentary !canal
we come to the stomach, wheze the fesult,
in extreme eases, are symptoms ofizraisfritis.
Pain, tenderness, and a constant setisaion.Of
sickness•and a desire to expectorate, helong
to this affection.
The action of the heart and lungs is im
paired bah the influence of the. narcotic on
the nervims system ; but a morbid state' of the .
larynx, t'reaeha, and lungs result fron4he di
rect action oldie smoke. The voicelis ob
served to be rendered hoarser, and With a 1
deeper tone. Sometimes a short conk(' re
sults ;
.and a case of ulceration of the carti
lages of the larynx came under the doctOr's
notice. The patient was such a sltivA to the
habit that he hardly ever had the pike out
of his inputli. Similar sufferings !rave been I
caused, by similar practices in inatiy, other 1
instances.
1
Another form is a slight tickling down in
the pharynx or traglica; and patient cituglis,
orrather hawks up a grunions looking blood,
It is so alarming as to be mistaken far pajr
in on ary .luem opty sis.
I •
'rule action of tobacco smoking pn the
.
heart is depressing ; and s ome persos who
.1
fell it to this organ more ihan othe ts corn,
plain of, au uneasy sensation. about the left
nipple— T a distressing feeling, not -ahiount,
jug to faintuesS, but allied to it. Tint actiaa
of the heart is observed tp be feebletid irr
' regular, Au uneasy feeliti,g,is expe:enced
in or beneath the pectoral muscles, and 04
,
terser on the right side than on the 1911.
On the brain the use of tobacco appears
to diminish the rapidity of Cerebral lactioa,
and el/tick , the . flow 'of ideas throtigh the
mind. It : differs from opium and, it nbarte,
I /
and rather ex k cites to . wakefaluess,l .e gieop
tea, tan cOmposes, to sleep--in 114.4 .4
dreatnip&s WhielileaviiS no impredsion on
tile memory, leitiitig a
.great suseccdibility,
indicated by a trembling of the hart& and
an OM-
irritability of the aemper. Such aroathe sec
ondaiy:liffects of smoking.. So ardi black
ness Orilla teeth land gum boils: th*e is al
so a sa4ow paleness of the' complexion, an
irresoluteness of disposition, a wantir of life
and•ei4rgy, and 4 in constant smokers who
do not drink, a tendencyto pulmory Oithisics.
Dr. %right of Birmingham in a notninu
nimtioii to the author, fully coroborktes his
and both agree that snaoking'pr,o
duces gastrin disorders, cough; ielltimatroy
disordets of the larynx and iilitityklxi diseas
es of thp heart and lowness of L : and,
in[sliorti„ is very injurious to the' resp i tratory,
circulating, alimentary,. and nervougiqsteni.,
—Lit. Vaz.
1!
Operntions 4)( Captain Frenannt in
• Upper Califorisia. '
Letter from Senator Batton to the Presi
dent." 't
• Stu t... In the !absence of official itiforrna- '
tion on;the subject of Lieutenant ,Pilonel '
(then Captain) Fremont's nperation4 in Up. ..
per California, Vdeem it my duty gto lay,
before i• ou the private letters whieb4 have.
received front that officer, for the pubose of.'
shaving you his actual position at the latest
'duas; the unwilling manner in 'which he
became , involved.in ` nostilities with the au
thoritiei of that province, before ~ he had
heard of the war with • Mexico ; and espe
cially tils disprove the accusation,' 4fficially
matte against Inn by Governor CaStro, of
having-Come into California with . a 'body of
United •F.tatestroops,ander the prete4,ofa sci- '
entitle oxpeditictu, but in reality to ecite the
Arneridons settled in that quarterluill. an in
surrectton against the Mexican govdrnment.
This accusation is of'the gravest charitter,
most sitriously implicating the go id faith
and.botior of ourgovermnent, and dfiicially
made 1;j, Governer Castro, in a despatch to
the minister of *or and marine, tinder date
of the first of April last, and publithed in
El .114itor Republieano;in the citAf Mex
ico, by order of the Mexican govenment,
on the lentil ofMay last. - A cop 4 of this.
paper +as sent to Mrs: Fremont,midatig,h
lir, by the Hon. Mr. Slidel, and au yu g lish
translation is herewith presented. II
States to
Captain Fremont left the, United
States to complete his scientific lahors be-
;road the Rocky' mountains, it ti ,with a '
full knowledge of the political as 'wdll as the
persomil difficulties of the - eine:l:44oe. He
knew that the relations of the United States .
was critical both with Great Brit'tfin and
Mexicii—that he was gong through the ter
ritorieshf the one, and among the settlements
of the dther—tbatjealousy would •tach to
his moiyinents, and all his acts be eferred '
.1 .
to his government—and he was erfectly
determined to use the utmost dircumtipecticth
in all his conduct, confining himself wholly
to his scientific pursuits, and carefully avoid
ing as Well the appearance as the tiality of
a 11056in:11 mission. With this views and af- .
ter-having traversed the desert, and!lcroSsed .
the ; Great Basin which' lies betviken the
Rocky mountains: and the Sierra N..vada of
the. Altp.Californias, he left his men apon the
frontier!, an hundred miles to Monterey, and 1
went alone to that city to explain hii *object 1
and Wirilies in person to Gov: Castio. He '
did thiii in the most formal and officio man
ner, in company. with the United Sttes con- l
sal, AO. O'Larkin, (at whore house' he stop- I
ped,)mid, conforming to the whole iletail of
Spanish ceremonial, he not only culled op
the goYernor, butt also on the pretecCand the 1
alcaldel The interview was 'perfectly satis- I
facaorvi To 6EI governor's remarkithat lie I
was bringing a Considerable numbest of Cni- 1
ted Stites troops with him, Capt. F,innswer-
ed. that it was not so—that lie had :lib troops '
at , aft-=only a few hired men for 'security '
agnink Indians, and killing game4that he
Was nit even an officer of the line,, but of
Topo4aphical Engineers—and that he was '
seeking a - new route (among other objects of
science) to the mouth oftlictoluinlfia, upon '
a line farther south than the present travel
-ing route, and which had hr4nriht him
through the unsettled parfs of dui Upper
California, and that he now wished - fto' win
ter in the valley of the San Joaquin, where
there was pine for his men, and. 4rass for
his brises. To this the governbo, agreed,
and Capt. Fremont left Monterey t i p bring
his men to the beautiful valley wititth he had
explored in a previous expeditiront and to
which tooth himielf and his men !naked far
ward ifs to a paradise of refreshmept, after
their toilsome and perilous march ;of three
dthousand miles among Savage tribes, and
throuol wilderness and desert conittries.
Scaicely . had he arrived in thilli valley,
when information began to - reac'a him front
nit-gunners that, the
.governdr Waii:: ridging
the priwinee against hint ,nod cOtr#nr, upon
him with troops of all arms—calfaity, artil
lery and infantry—and that lti iSituation
was mist critical and dangerous.' Ile con
sul ,sept a special raessenger to Winrit him '
of his ilanger ; the American settldi•s below
offereil to join him ; but he utterl . t refused
their assistance, because he would Plot coin
prom* them. Bat lie did what Ilimor and
selfpniservation required,: and wliaOlie cour
age and fidelity of his min enthu.4lastically
Seconded ; he took a poiition, nnil waited
the approach of the assailants; anitthat pO
- 4 cns nearer to them, on the itimmit of
the Stitrra, overlooking Monterey,t4it thirty.
milesjclistance, , and whence, with their glas-
Ses, they could Vainly set the
.tromps, with
their artillery, Which had crossOdle bay.
(of Monterey) to'San Jtm on t ic4r: way to
1
attack him. - The • governor, 'tit(' these
troopi, and witft alkhis threats,
' er com
ing tlwards.the.camp Onsthe Shea, did
pot come to it; and Capt.‘Freotit; faithful
to hi design to' avoid eollision,liP passible,
r n idi r i g hhuselfinot attacked, del pined to
retire,slam proceed tepregu , fni his i n .
tendell rou te of the Sernmente,,`JiTiamath
;lidieonnd the valleyof the Waliltnp. Mit 'river.
iAccol.dingly,
about the 10th of itttarcli, : lie
left his position on the Sierra, d sOended' in
to tliti valley of the SattJOaqui , itnitd coin=
:mended his'iniiith by'SloW mid eitsy stages,
of fotir and sixltniles ti'day tow rits Oregon.
It is of thii t.ndp.riniti 4 ent on
that Oovernor Castio complain,
teems of Adieritisving. '
T
certiaernenta conspicuously insertttj nt thcirmni
tes or Pirty CENTs per square for die. fiist,tflid
VIT•trITY OEN s's additiozn fur each subsetiacut
.• • "
!nrl34lAdvertisements, with the privilege Tif:44-.
llion, 7kot il) exceed .
.
ter Colongt,witli the paper, per yeer, - f,..5 0 . 0
Column . -do ' do ' •8 60
Colinnet, - do do - 15. lift
ids's ,i . irdx, do do . 300
1 other adiertisernents inserted et rensopublo
i
• 9
NO J 25
Ivertik.ments should 1)6 marked with the vim
.
required. ,
li to the Minister or War anti Muritje,l
• o
in .evidence of hostile intentions';' mid
•re the American flit was raised, al
ntioii built, nod the . American- settlers
ed itt Torj its defence. Unhappily we
e ndlictters from Capt. Fremont "AetOil
, the - eyents of these days ; but: die
letter is well supplied 'hy"ili - U'offl,
communtcaiions from the Anierlikti
'Sul • -at .. Monterey to oUT"Seeitter?'"Of
.., , .
e, and by Capt. Fremont's brief nte 'lob
consul,' _(writ t en in 'pencil,) While r4k
IN; the attack of Gar. Castro, anci s irlile l li
heretofore been published in Onr p . tql - iro.
Thieluman furnished'' us, as eOtt as
0 received, with eopies of-thesedispatebt
viliCh are herewith raid Wore you,' and
'which it will be sets that Gcii.,Gaitros .
!. 1
• i4iiinte• are' entirely' infoande ' - tlitilii)
l'oln !having excited ilia
Ameic has to re ,
1
, he absolutely refused "to receive those
offered to join him ! and more; that
n after leaving his pOsitioa, and' 004-
discharges tn five or six'of his I men; .li6
sed.to till theirplaces from the men - in
Icouniry ! ' so• determined seas he to ; avoid
ell in - appearance, as in fact, the Bm:ilk
, et offensive or injurious tothe!Mexienis
unities. The sane corresnondetie.e
s 'the entire falsehood of all the gaseol
which Gov. VastrO put into his official
rt about the spoils of the camp L-the dii
• ion of Fremont and his men—theie t fligli;
the bulrushes, and through the desert.
,is suffocation in the cradle or ii 'danger
conspiracy; &c., with all which imagin
exploits his despatch was filled, While
semi, with sixty twoinen and two hmi
horses were slowly retiring in :a bOdi;
st iri!his view, and utterly abstaining
-1 any act ofoffence to the provinci3Or it. 4.
itorities. ' Ittwas no doubt- this false - tel.
i to his government, and the ridicule he
1 1.rred'by it in California, that ' FM to lig'
.•quent 'operations in May hi'extOrnli
• Fremont's party, and all the Attnericaif
ers on the Sacrarnerito. •
In return from the etaeuatcid camp on
Sierra, the governor also put forth a
lamation, in the vein of his report, and ••
worse, styling Fretliont and lfis meit'n
of highway robbers, plundering. the
i Ile, &c., which accusation. of plundering,
conga' took the' trouble to .investigate
found it to be a very trival offence of
L ners (not law or morals) which the in=
rd party valued at five dollars;'' and for
[oh Capra Fremont gave ten. For 'the
, the consul, after all this, declares the
i bitants are well pleased with Capt..
:Motet, and that he. might walk the streets
lonterey the next day alone, if he choose
i • only.truth in Gov. Castro's dispatch is;
i Capt. Fremont took a military positim
cached it, raised the, Amercan flan.; but
e.e events were the conseqUence, and ctot
cause ofGov. Castro's movement against'
; and this is fully shown in that brief,
•iic note, written in pencil in answer •to
• consul's warning, in which Capt. Fr&
t, after refusing the aid of the Americriii
t ers, declared for himself and - his sixty 7
men that they had done nothing wrong'
t to people of the country--that if they
e attacked they Would defend tbeinselves,
.die to the last men under the flag of
r country, and featm it to their country
venge their death. All they' did •was iti,
defence. The flag Was raised, not as a
1 dard of insurrection, or as a sign of con - 7
pt to the Mexican government', 'but as
American symbol of, honor and patriot
s which was entitled to respect i from i otti- :
and Ode!) they hats displayed in thai •
r of danger, as a warning to the tipprciaeli:
assailant-•-as a 1)914;4 union tiettiTe•W•
arming themselves-and • its an ' tiNieril
invcication•(if they should batiCstr•oyed)
to aVenging• spirit of their far - diStatit
ntry.' To my mind, 'this entrenching oil -
mountain, and raising the national flag,
entirely justifiable undertheir 46se - :attil '
noble resolution which they took .(refti
the..;aid of their countrymen) to did; if
eked; under the flag of 'their :'eciaeitt,'
thousand miles distent from theirlittiriq,
. an feet of the highest Iteroistni - Niiiiiiiy
p a -
recorded by Xenophon, and relleeting•
lal honor upon the brave ytiung "adeer. .
I 4 conitrianded and the heroic sikii Trio
whore he was supported.
. r , . :
he first . linter that we, .recefVed fro7i
it. Fremtint after his withdrawal' ficini
I rri, end from the valley oftlie San 'Juan",
IL , atedllte first day of April; in latitude •
on the Saertimento 'river; , and though
teen merely to intUrtit Mrs. Freincint of
.: • pers:Ottal con eern s, becoth es imPbrtatit . ln
I L üblic point of view -o n n account of • subse•-
.nti 9venti in June and July,. b ( 1- showing
it• oli'tlie first of April he was: n his 'way
le rti t ,rion—that he had abandoned all, in=
idoh di' retn ruing thrOugh nay part of CCI-
nia;±-would pass the Andity nonnttiin'S
i ugh the Northern Pass on the • Lae' be-
len the Upper, or Kettle. fallS:er the CO
ihiti,"iand the Great fells tif the Mitsitnit
nil be in •the United 'State's' its . Septe,4;
. This shows that he hatl';:at that - tittle,:
' ieh l'of tIM events in ; will& . he was:, iitir•
uently inic4ed, and that hit: hail lititic( 7
led the cherished field •Of higi 'MOO S'ei
sic researches for the exPit - iirne.e. of'
~ „ ..
inlink all, offence to the MO On author-,
, :s. Of the events p, inlthe Ville' 'otih San
3
quint and the camp on ther . Terra, he
•aks)i few' words, witlictit'dntail i but Aoti:, -(
titlyd' of his contliiiiM, 'eluiTaCteriptie, .of
Pretleuee in norcafitpraniiSih litsLetittn;,
,•, and worthy tO,he repeated it'
,hi, .ItWA
T
collie.' Re saYi
s i . t •The, spa tiardileeo, •
' ' ! euih fits?* and fifhospital, cLit'ar, lenei •
derettnse - ,OuUof 'Mehl country a . te , rfkfmit' * •
iiCedsite',kranisSiOn it? Tinter he1e k .„..,..5 .
,i of dnty'ilid not parnirt tne to Aohf tA4f,
t we ,rietircdiloick and grondingy
.'bef,al,*
ores three or jour, hundred ; regn, and
i , 4 . iikesiileartilli , r / A , Witftiet 4.4eidoui
`d - cause fthe•overileit suc,flpri di i : i , k.a 0:4 tkg
,
4alliiiinntryugaidst Me, imps; at scandal
as grcotrie I i'did,,eo
, re 6 iikmpronzise the 04ititiStafe9;a#finst
Aid t *fificarai i tees.4coqd have.l),4l : stroag-i,
' Akughit was in 4 power ;ta- , increase
y pa's4y by Ameriefins, i I refrained front
er
hOl
ing
do
an.;
co
the
1
1
Sterra
Iti his des-