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((Art.: 601,4 woptiddi. of the Pnblfc Avenue.)
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Tkthl . S.-;;ONE DOLLAR n' yetis in
(hie Fifty Cents ifhlot 'paid icithinittree .
nionthsiiindif .delayed until utter the: espirationtof
A l e year;two7n.lollars will he exacted..
Discontinniuces optional with th e Publishers, un
less arreara t O 1 . 4 arz, paid.
tfliters tulle Trublishers on' business with thtiizif
fre must boil:lost-paid to insure attention. !, „;
spEEOII OF HON. A. 11.'IMEAD1
Otilthe Tarif f QOestion,.
Delivered ; in the House of Representatives,
July 6th, 1842. •
Ma. CIaIRMAN: The subject now under
deep and all-absorb
cvusiderat#m is one of
i p ' g
i i n t ere 4 to the People of this Union.. Its
eriffeetii, foie wood or for evil, its multifarious
r a ' r u ification, will reach every hamlet and
'log-cabin iii the United States. The work
ing man, the poor laborer, the busy ortizau,
'the indepOrlent cultivator of the soil, the
• shoemaker", the merchant, the shipper, and
the paper-aoney nabob--in, short, the smaller
ns well as the, larger interests of the' country
will feel either its paralyzing or its renovat
ing touch4the former, if it shall be adjust
ed` upon 44i-sighted sectional feelings and
local prejidiees ; the latter, if it shall he
made' to (niter and stimulate national indry- .
try the only source of national wealth and
national pibsperity. It is therefore entitled
at our hands to the most grave and deliber
ate considelation. We should look at the
subject divOted of all sectional interests and
party ani*sities, with fixed and resolute
determination to promote the best interests
of the canary at large, and to settle the
poScy of the Government in regard to reye
uue and ilidental protection on a firm nod
pe• ianenCbasis, in sueli mariner as to re
lease our lkonstituents from all appreheo
sions,of mange herea ft er. The industry,
the exercik of the physical energies of map
assisted hi those machines and iiivcntioLs
designateik as labor-saving, is, in truth and
i n fact, the4eily source and origin of nation
al wealth snd prosperity, is a proposition '
•unqudstioribly true, that no one who li•
turned his 7.attention to the. subject, and * -
yestigated the principles of political econom ~
i f
stain for and moment hesitate to adopett as a.
postulate. Xast your eye, Sir, over the ci -
ilized world;; and without a solitary e.xce -
thou you will find those nations whose indo•
it.) IS protelted and nourished, occnpyi g
en elevatisi - position in the family of u -
tines, and l exercising a controlling i -
Ruence over neighboring nations; and i
the other liand, in those countries wilco:
their pec4r institutions operate to pa -
lyze industty, you will find the people in a
miserable and abject state 4 subject • to tl e
most unjust exactions, and incapable of d -
manding satisfaction for the insults of the r
haughty neighbors. Such is the aspect p •
seined by tile map of the,civilized world.
But it, is eninecessary to argue a qu • 'i n
u Bich has teen settled for ages, and whit.
has grown into a maxim.with political ecou
waists. Ittis more important to inquire into
the mode of attaining so desirable object,
as the greatest possible prosperity of our
common country.. Before proceeding to
these questions, it may be
_proper to notice
some objections to the views of those who
are in favdr of action upon the sidaject at
this time. i The first objection—and - one
which I presume will be strongly pressed'
on the coninaittee--is the compromise act
of 15.13. li will be-urged upon us, that no
action can he, had upon the subject except
for the purPose of carrying out the provis
ions of dm/ get, without a breach of faith.
Although iii is admitted; in the abstract, that
as a genend principle, one Congress cannot
held a subsequent Congress, yet it will be
contended tjiat the peculiar situation of the
country, thift dangers which threaten us, apd
the excitement and irritation caused by sec
tional interests, at the time of the passage
of the compromise act, ought to make this
an exception to the general-rule. The mo-i
rality,of Congress will be invoked to con
sider that particular act in the nature of a'
binding and sacred compact which cannot
be touchect without tarnishing the moral
character or theg° vernment, and trampling
1
in the dust §the first principles of common
honesty arid . moral rectitude. Now, sir, if
that act had proved adequate to the wants
of the country—if it had passed with a full
knowledge bf the results to be produced—if
its framers t had legislated with a prescience
of its prailtical operations, in all time to
oonrie:—theifA would be cogent arguments for
Adhering te it as a binding compromise. •
But- whOn time and experience have
shown thallit was adopted underan errone
ous impreimion of all parties with respect to
its results ; 1 i when it is found totally inade
,. spate to tiro necessities of the etrunoy, in
view of reilenuc alone • when it is admitted
if not by erpry memb er of, Congress, by the
great mass•X aft political parties amongthe
-people, thief it cannot supply more than'One
half the necessary revenue; when it is aiv
parent that) its continued operation mould
irretrievablit prostrate the public credit and
the public ;Faith, and bring the degradation
and disgraiie of national - bankruptcy upon
a nation possessing energy and enterprise
unequalled in the sisterhood of nations, to
gether witlfAll the elenients of wealth in au
. eminent degree; when it is remembered
that its eilehts already joined to the antid
yawn of itk stinted fruits hereafter, have ini
velvet us iif debt and embarrassments bes
yond the wisdom and power of the constiti4
ted authorities to overcome; that your six,
Per Peat. sOcks go begging in the inarketi
and finally sold at a ruinous discount,
while mongyiu Europe is abundant at 2i
a• 3 per:eent.; when it is known to have
Paralyzed domestic industrY, to have arrest-
ed th e plookh of the fanner and the bath
'ner ef theihrtiztua, and the : machineryof
'Le: muuufficturer; when it 'has., seasoned
July dirweit with foreign stilt, warmed your
P ar lor with imported coal, and laid your
railroads with English iron; when it bias hi .
ready invoNesi this country artitO hundred
end . 04 finillioris of debt, without any
ave4stile manstiliquidationt Qamit his
uin;i yn tf eit*ltsk probated your cur•
rency,l lockild up : your stores of ioexilausta;
Me nuneraQwealth, bankrupted yourbank
kgpred
.imir .states, • •abd ' brought. .t
L;ementi -Gir.ennent humbly suing it the
f ," 1 an 9 f.4. 1 44111 of • brokers (or she means if(
xeepi v iha wheels of Fovernitaput .in mu.
tt l rielieilioll these evtliiilian rolliAved in
- its Veit!, filth' would be 61014116 d-tour-fold
.
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• ' • .'
14
MEM
VOL •1.
,
by its •cOntinttritice;"ailtO'Avfll•eantend 'flint
th e e,empronaise:crfill333 should bind us?
, Sir, if n compact. be. made tinder 'a add
-
ta k e of ell parties to ita provisions, which
fails to effect tire 'specified and only purpose
for
which it lop intended,' there is no pria
elide of Morallomesty violated in disregar
ding ding its letter, when that.which was sup-.
posed to be its life, and . spirit is' found not to
exist. And
,when it iangreed on all hands
that that ,act Will hot rind eannot sustain the
loperitiOn's tif Geverranent—When it Would
furnish Inns moiety of the revenue requir
ed, by the most economical administrirtion
aka effaire s .let,me ask gentlemen. yip what
Mode or manner they propose to supply its
'deficiency? As has been shown here, the
Constitution allows but three different . modes
s f raising reienne, viz : direct tazationox
!
ise and imposts, or a tariff of duties on
• I
igit productions imported and consumed
y our own , citizens. I Will venture the
' piniou, sir, no one solitary individual on
is floor will seriously argue a resort to the
, or direct taxation, for; the purpose of
isn't . twenty-severi millions, or any other
mount revenue, except in a case of dire
necessity, when the ordinary supply may be
but off, by collision with foreign nations. A
continued and uninterrupted practice, from
he adoption of the Constitution to this day,
has sufficiently ascertained the sense, mod
settledithe mandate of the peoe=thrit di
-1 6ct - taXes lire not to be imposetTfor revenue
except 4 Vnder the extraordinary circumstan
hes ju indicated.
It • • • •
Il' I •
Sir, what then is to be done 1 You have
I I ho choice. It is a case of unyielding ne-
I ,erreity. You haVe no other available source
Of revenue than imposts. Either the e.xper
itnental compromise (for it is nothing more)
Must be repudiated,, or the Government
Mein cease to exist. In such a dilemma,
Will any Mom hesitate ? No, sir. We must
raise thei requisite amount by means of a
revised tariff. The duty is imperative. It
nay be possibly alleged here—to my utter
surprise . I have heard the allegation made
omewhere b by one standing high in the
Confidence of Soudieru politic] ins, that the
prom se
compromise lact will produce as much rev ,
bnue as any other, or more than other tariff
duties which can possibly be devised. This
cannot bp so. The assertion must have
1 1
.been made under some strange hallmina
.
• (ton of the mind. It is ascertained that the
almost extent of its fruits can never exceed
fifteen Millions. And' the Secretary of the
!Treasury has demonstrated, beyond a pos
sibility of doubt, that his proposed rate of
duties based upon the importations of 1840,
yrould yield twenty-seven millions nett in
hume, after reducing expenses and draw
backs upon re-exportation. The importa
'ow of that year.were far less than the pre
• *ng years, and were greatly reduced by
..di
e,Severe pressure in our. money market,
• Inch . commenced in dm year 1837, and
'ad increased' up to and during the year
840. But suppose the Secretary is wrong
us selecting that year as indicative of future
importations : and that the chairman of the
finance committee is right in anticipating
decreased importations hereafter, (and I
• hope he may he,right in this:) yet the fruits
of the Secretruy i s proposed tariff could nev
ealess-than twenty-three or twenty-four
ons—a sum which under a system of
he most rigid economy, with - the reduction
f the army and navy, might possibly be
deirate to the wants or the Treasury. I
o not desint to be 'understood as approving
• he proposition of the Secretary : on the
.Contrary, I deem it greatly erroneous in
; Many of its details. I only refer to it to
show• the absurdity of the notion that the
compromise act would bear a comparison
with other rates of duties, in filling your
treasury and keepini , the - wheels of govern
ment in motion. • Waiving, however, for the
Present, that absurdity, and admitting for
(he argument, that such might be the fact :
"what-would follow?. The increase of reve
nue, upon a 20 percent. advalorem duty,
amid result only from greatly increased im
portations .and consumption of foreign pro
ducts.
,
, What is the disease under which this
iountry it; now' languishing ?, Is it not a
surfeit of foreign -productions.? What has
prostrated your agricuhural, iyour'commer
:eial and your manufacturing interests, your
Credit, your currency, your banks, your int
,p
roveinents, your States, yoku everything,
but the inordinate and excessive imports
ion, and . the consequent extrevegant con
sumption of foreign. goods, for which you
have no corresponding amount of exports in
return T What but these have reduced us,
hi'the language of Mr. Clay, to a condition
Of, "infinite distress and embarrassment?"
r,' w the language of * minority report
tha Cominittee on Manufactures, " why
#s u,. cry of distress, almost of, despair,
me, up to these halls from all parts of. our
common country.?" Sir, there is not a man
rot t / Maine ,to Florida who will' Inizardlis
*eputation tut a statesman by statidik up
here a t ud denying that a plethora of impor
tatious'is the digs ise which is consuming
tbe very , vitals i; Of ! i onr • .ountry . . , Where,
#ien, is the statelminn or - ,* - 2patriot whp
would desire to see, these, leyiktiot nub' , Per
iietuated, , but increased Uini . „triattiptieA, (as
theremust lie; at least to double the amount
0/ 1 4' 3 “Pre! 4 44 iiiiPertatkes , ) if it were , Pe*
sible td ramp the requisite revenue on the
basis :of the fact of 1833 I Such a state Of
*Uri /J r/ere it atttainable, wcuiltl: ; plttce, a
vele, on 'ciOnifiltic industry, destm your in
de '
ndetic,e, make you the vassals*: ei g aitizans, and reduce your CohntFy„tp
.po tire ruin cumtkninrogj bankruptcy.
, . 4
he -second - objection to ,actiou oa the
Il!, e,F4 is, -tEiat it kthe purpose 444.East
c qaild Pie,r ,t hei; 4 ' . 'noief,etui,erhi,4 ire*
Il* 'P,_ ( 9 FP reg,eo Pßff e t. - . l 4ll ) ,PlRtKirpfilitlFC4
If'l9-79erePV!ittlittrOX Or ~ , e6oli4gil*
‘.l - 4.fitiF4 t, I'IT- Pt • XPe , e , Trilifilit; 49
. ;‘ oil, PPPrOlf. Pen. Pr Pn4co,npntw
( T . ' : f"thPi.q9o4li i tingkr, 09, - ,e!ickidac
e' tere*Aßl.: *NO f4r: , thc:OPeein)
'nefit of the 1114ili1,,Site)i ti a *
~.fi*„
t)oti Whether it be true EiCuUirt - 1"41: 77r - t
f
• • I i : J.r; I • , • - ",,
pit:F.papicEOF oPipi!.oNis .NOT A 4
DIF.gERENOE
. , .
f . , L:ii3l - 91iTROSE.,..,PA. THITRSI)AY 00.. 1, 1846.;
ir it be, the' Demcitraej , •of Pennsylvania
itallo cotuitenanee• to, has no common
,, n Jarith c any, such, in.tent or propose. We
ve a: Pennsylvattia :, 49etrine„ based u p on
i 1
itparticUlar favoritersta to the manufactu
ri=ng gietere sts, We hold that ill'elaases of
Orrantinity; and tdl , sections of country, are
*Wed to equal consideration ih our legis
-*rive-halls z.' that. the,North is" .not . to prey
Upon . the Aloud), u o yhi. * cl oth, to ilubject
dU . other s to its peculiar /wail interests; that
akriculture; comnlerce, and inanufatiures
acre so intimately 'blended and' connected
-4 mutually dependent on the prosperity of
,ajich othor,that neithereinithe beneficial
ly or injuriously affected, Witham the others
tieing similarly influenced ; that is the bus
itiess of legislation equally to protect the
rights and sustain the interests of all, and
thereby to Secure the greatest good of the
,greatest number. As the agriculturists (of
Oilurseincluding "the planters) constitute a
rest majority of the people of this country,
illat interest should be the primary object of
Onsideration.
11 Sir, I have the honor to- represent a.peo
plc decidedly agricultural; and the inei
(tidal protection of domestic industry, to be
*corded by the measure now pending, I
shall endeavor to regulate my conduct and
nly votes with a special view to the interests
olagricuitural industry. .I have no exclu
sive sympathies for the lordly manufacturer
a he is called ; and if I would give inciden
t4l protection to his fabrics, it is with an
elpectal intent of fostering agricultural in
dlistry, by creating a home market for those
*plus products which are now rotting in
onr granaries in consequence of the exclu
sive policy of foreign governments. As W
ilke indicated, these benefits cannot be se
ettred for the great and primary interest,
‘iithout, at the same time, giving a healthful
inipetus to the commercial and inanufactur
idg interests--:the former by furnishing arti
cles and increased surplus productions for
exportation—and the latter by supplying
Ithundant employment, at a reasonable profit,
to our rapidly increasing numbers, who have
tjp motive or inducement to cultivate the soil
Of the West, while it requires there four hun
dred pounds of !Neon to purchase a pair of
libots, and the price of two cows to purchase
n,Comuion hat;' other fruits of the soil in
proportion.
• •
With regard to those articles which arc
accessaries in a time of war, the first law of
nature—the law of self defence—requires
that we should take care to to secure an a
-1-14 ralant supply, at any sacrifice, and at all
tunes, within our reach, to be prepared for
ithy emergency that may occur. Here let
fie remark, sir, that ifzed and settled pol
io on this subject is all important to the pros
perity of the great interests of the country.
J is vastly more important that we should
know what the law is to be in a succession of
ftiture years, than it canbe that the rateof duty
should be fixed by any particular standard.
The uncertain, vascillating policy of the
Om/eminent heretofore, has done more to
poralize the arm of industry, and raise the
ery of distress, almost of 'despair, -from all
parts of our common country, than any pos
itive deficiency in the amount of protective
discrimination.
ie The third objection of the minority report
that the duty is -necessarily paid by the
consumer ; and, therefore, a burdonsome
ttix on him, without any corresponding ben
efit to the country. Is this so 1 kis admit
* that the consumer pays a duty on' those
*ides which,,from climate, or other natural
eauses, cannot be produced in this country;
and cannot be avoided, if subjected to duty.
But all this, and four-fold more, is required
ffir revenue ; and, therefore, not objectiona
ble. on Southern principles. But these lir
iteles of consumption, if they become neces
sp.ries,-and are in general use, the Pennsyl
vkinia policy would place in the free list.
This; so far as we are concerned, disposes
of the labored argument of the minority of
the committe on that subject. With regard
tti those articles, the facilities for the produe
tron of which exist among ourselves, the
consumer does not aecessarily pay the ' tax.
Ile may pay the whole or part of it, tempo
rtitily and until the new stimulant given to
dinnestic industry shall have increased the
Mime manufactnre to something near a sup
plly for domestic consumption.. Competi
tin then uniformly operates to reduce the
riLice to the consumer far below what he
paid for the foreign srticle before the home
Manufacture was established here by the fos
tering care of - Government. There. is no
ioagic in this sir. It results from the ordi
i+ry operation-of the law of trade. The
Meanest tyro in the scienc of political econo-
My may perfectly understand that the price
of any article mainly depends on the relative
AMiount of - demand and - supply. If you aug-
Ment the supply of any article of commerce,
the demand being the same, the price is ne
cessarily rduced ; and on the contrary, if
ybti increase the demand, Ithat is, enlarge
the market,) the supply Venininingthe same,
ipu.necestsarily. enhance the price of the
article to th e degree as the proportion
relotiVe amount of supply and demand,
lilts been 'changed. These effects follow the
auses indicated; with 'the' sante certainty
'that theihils Of nature operate:. Water does
not nionteertaitily seek a level; than the in
geese of, Apply ui.a given raarket reduces
the price .of the tinkle.. Thht i lair of trade,
.•• • •
ittimutauic •as any law of nature.
Thii redubtion not only Overballikeesi ' the -
duty intpoletl i {if it be a reasontible glory')
hot compels the foreign tastinfasitiner to dis
*.'ith *4400. !, PrOfilsr +suckle a . mfr.
nopely ofthe market would enable him to
d6pitnit; 'arid the poier ;tO - 40,
inelination te'dernand inordinate "profits.
'aft.ittnOt be doubted:' the
tristet .a.taxontheiconsunter ; butis whol
1X.P40 !w_ ll 4) rwiri
bo'ql., In ,other,.words, - deducts
ern't.ligrprOfttic.: The anti, to koillice
thegrentreittp&alble reatiction'"of -price . lo
the cginflnuaVallould :eqUal the difference
iii m i ce of labor in this country, .and iqt tbe .
iiirvigu 'countries furnishing tha
the duty" ; much excee this standard, the
. (t .
foreign Manufacture r -witl be driven • from
the market, the competition will cease, 'the
price will be enhanced, .and therevenue lost.
We (the :democracy, of gennslvania,) do not'
desire prOhibitory duties. : iVe are equally
opposed to monopoly - ia ithe domestic and
foreign ntanufacturer. Sir, let me illustrate
this law of trade by an CaWnple, v'hich shall
come don to the compliension of the most
I unlearned. Suppoie a' ' lay no duty on
ite
iMported4xes : labor is . n cents per day in
England4-an axe, therefti , can be made in
' England for 40 cents ; hat labor is 50 cents
per day hi the United States, and therefore
an Px-e etinnot be Made it{ the 'United States
for lea than one dollar. !The freight of an
axe fronvEngland to the!' United 'States is
(say) tettleentin Constrently an English
axe may be sold here at ftpm sixty to seventy
cents. While there is nO protection against
this difference in the prices of labor, no Amer
ican citizen Will be so stupid as to invest a
large capital in •an tote factory, which
may be broken down at any time by the
English manufacturer.—While this state of l
things exist therm will not be a single axe
factory in'the United' St4es. The English
manufacturer will have n!itionopoly of this
market. Will' he sell his tikes at . sixty cents 1
You Mug.. have an axe atiany price he may
demand, because you hat* no factories. He
may charge you $3. He' . will charge you
$3. Do:you doubt it ? No, sir. lle has
the monopoly, he has the power, and he
will use it at your cost ; yOu must have an
axe. This exorbitant price induces some
twenty of our citizens to Commence the e
reetion of axe factories ; in - Owing that they
can sell exesAit $1 50, and make a good
" business." The agent of the British man
ufacturer: reports the fact.: to his principle,
wha takes the alarm ; his monopoly is in
danger ; lie knocks down.the price of the
English axe to sixty •centi ; the American
faCtories are all broken Own ; their owners
ruined ; the monopOly is re-established ; and
the price:of un axe is again $3. This is
precisely' what has occurred, continually in i
a vast variety of cases, n which a large
investment of capital is required. This is
the kind of vassala g e to which seine of my`
democratic friend s would, by their free
trade notions, unwittingly subject the A
icim citizens. On the other hand, im
pose a Specific duty 4O cents °a hn
ported axes, and the ,American manu
facturer ! is protected against the pauper
labor of England ; he cannot be broken
down ; his.factory doors Cannot be closed by
his foreign competitors ; he is . now . a free
and independent man ; becomes int o market
on equal !terms ; both and in the market ;
neither hits a Monopoly ; the supply is doub
led ; the demand remaining the same ; the
price ,is rieduce4l to. the Yowest. point—say
Oho dollar and fifty cents.: And so far from
the consumer paying the duty, he is relieved
from the ddable price itliposed by British
cupidity and monopoly. :Such is the effect .
of the Protective policy.; The American
manufacturer cannot qackit front the consu
mer, for his foreign competitor is still in the
market, • keeping him down to reasonable
prices. There is no myStery in this ; it is
bet the necessary operation of the law of
trade ; every body knows bow the stage fare
is :reduced when the oppcisitiou line starts,
Sr, hoW he will be compelled to pay the old
high fikre the moment that the opposition is
purchased or broken down. Hence it is
that the protection of domestic industry no-.
cessarily reduces the price of manufactured
artieleof the consumer; aibile at the same
time, it fornishes a home market forthe.sui
plus production of the farmer; and furnishes
the material for commercial enterprise, by
augtnOnting their exports, ! and thus promote
the prosperity of all classes of the communi
ty. And, sir, permit me to add, that actual
experipent confirms this view of the laws of
trade.
LOOK sir, nt the history of the cotton man
ufacturers of this country, which teaches -us
a lesson not to be overlOOked or disregarded.
What is this lesson 1 Previous to the year
1810, Great Britain enjoyed a monopoly of
the cotton stuff market of these States.—
The retail price of coarse English 'cottons
was from 28 to 31 cents per yard—the same
quality of cottons which:are now selling ,
m7to 9 cents. How many thousands
116w many hundreds of thousands of dollar%
have been saved to the poor of this country
by the reduction of the price of the article
since 18161 True, it, is alleged by the
gentleman from Georgia,• who gives us the
minority report from the commitee on Atoll
((factures, that this reduCtion has resulted
from improvement in machinery, and the in
troduction of steam . power. In this he is
partly right and partly wrong. These, can's
es doubtless had their effect ; but unaccom
panied by domestic competition could never
have reduced the price 6:i fourth the former
amount. Say the imprormients in machin
ery and, the introductiou l pf a new power,
have caused two-thirds of this reduction, it
still leaves one-third or one hundred per cent.
reduction by domestic competition. The
consumer had been enjoYing the benefit ,of
this 100 per cent reduction, for more than
twenty years, and is do enjoy it under a" ju
-71
dicious itariff,"- fur, an i efiuite number of
years- to come—a savin ' t 6 'him and to a
hundred fold amount 'of tiny temporary in
cretin in'eost which might have (mewed in
the two orithree orhalftiozen years imme
diately subsequent to theiitntatsition.of du
.toß- jilad the English manufacturer alone
been permitted to avail himself'of the labor
lt - the 'itiani : enkine--Aad he continued,' lo
the freimt dad;'. to enjoy the monopoly.of
this.matket,eanAny ona for a moment:be
slie,ve that..he would havo :voluntarily eurfgn
demi the!eprices,whia . kthat inoilope!/..]Td
dierifiwe enabled him itei, densandl' vhre
vVas din tlifie,,':eir,` that kilo 'Cupidity 'or the
foreignisiatinfaCturer teiifir surrendered 'iitt
advantage, from a adhac iigustice and equi
ty, 0'67 It Waiiii liiipaiter ftireati the friths
Of thishbpoly 1' "Wittiair ihe 'effeetd ref ,tno
uaipoly.ntid conitretitioni kin our railroad .&
steneohonplipett,;,olo intter, always ; tedeeilig
thi fare from 76 to 100 per cent ; and to-
PRINCIPLE."—J,E74soN.
.
quentlY to two h ndred per cent 'tpid 'then
safif The manufacture' of eottoral in - this
country has not reduced the price of [the con.
sumerj at least 100 out of3oo per cern, actual
redaction ? his impossible to doubt on this
subject. 'A'ginfilar reduction to thii °menet
of Sti qr 90 per 'cent, has Occurred inthe
price 1 paper, and various Aide artitleg
which {have heretofore received the Fostering
care of Govennuent. -If like - cause:l, produce
like,effect, it follows that . Judielous
natiOn lin levying impost fciereventse would
by dontesticeomPetition, and
,the (destruct
Thin ofißrtitish nionopoly; reduce the pried
of huafreds ofdcanesticattioles fl' Selow the,
preset)! Price of the foreign fabric. In along
succession of years, therefore . , the +.nsumei
is remniterated ten-fold the amen* of any
temporary butrdon which may oc4ue from
The earlier effects of protectivm.dideriminii
tion. Is it not t.le business of any IPgislator
to takcian enlarged view. of this subject,—to
extend his vision'into the vista of futurity;
and asdertain the iiitimute results of The meas
ures hq may adopt ? Is it not beripath' the
dignity; of a statesman to legislate with an
especial view to the conseque ape aurae nett
But ;ir, tiuppose for the argument's sake,
that the y nominal price to the comit r imer is
not only maintained, but enhanced i if you
pleasant does not fiillow that he iginjured
by the Operation Of a proteptive peal. No,
sir.
If the farmer actually paid 10 tier cent.
advance on all his purchases, an d ; by the
establishment ofidoniestic manufadtures in
his neighborhood, and the_consequeht crea
tion of n home market receives 40 of .51Lper
cent. advance on his agricultural prriducts—
or, it be, finds a inarket for that whidh other
wise most perish, pa their he not
-thereby' benefitteil rather than oppr/ssed by
this policy 1 ,Ind such is precisely the ef
fect, asndmitted by the gentleumnfrqm Geor
gia; [Mr. Haber ham,] the leader and oriels
of the 4116-protective policy of the..qouth.—
Such is the innate love of-truth in that gen
tleinani,s composition, that he could: not but
admit tie fact ; although, when duli consid-•
erect and appreciated, it goes to the etnire de
•structicin of his labored argument; Hear
filen, the g reat anti-tariff leaddr upon
this subject . - 1 quote from page 74f his re
port, where he quotes his appritiation, and
the adinission of its truth, the testiinony of
Air. Schenck, of the Giulia= woolen facto
ry, of Buichess pounty, N. Y: C
That company has a ,apital of $140,000.
They, manufacture wool into broOdeloths,
kerseyi, &c. they consume of the products
of the neighborhood :
Flecceiw. °el 170;0061bs;costing $72,954 39
Soap, 11,174 lbs.,
.1,195 96
Tenzing,
1, 54 5 57
Fi,v-,wiiod,
. - •
18i9611pelts for Sizing, ,-"' i 584 54
46,00%ga110ns urine i ! 827 94
Pay ofwani s foi operatires 38,587 42
0
Thule by the capital of $140,000; of this
single factory a market is furnisheff for the
products of that country of $116,090;
_wow
let us :lee the. agricultural capital,inow in
requisition, whieh the factory requires to
keep it in operation furnighing a market for
agricultural investments.
Firsf. To produce 170,000 pcamds of
wool requires the fleeces ,of 66,000 sheep.
At dien lowest prices in Dutchess I:county,
at $2 pe' r bead,' • ' ' $132,000
Second. To support this immense
flocl4 of sheep at three, sheep to
the acre, requires 22,000 acres
oflaed ; the lowest price of land
In Dutchess county, 'sso per
acrd ' 1100,000
Third. 9 Not less than 560 persons I
are kfupported,out of the labor of
170 Operatives who are employ- E
ed id the factory, and consume
anfiiially of the products of Ag
ricukure, beef,, pork, flour, but- I
ter, milk, eggs, cheese, &c., at I
the fewest estimate, to.the value
of $10,400. An industtious far
trier, on a farm of 200 acres of
fair average hind, cannot selloff'
morl than $BOO per annum,.
overt and above the supply of
big family and work hands.—
Therefore to finish the supply
for he manufacturers of the '
Glenham manufactory would
requi're 13 farms of - 200 acres
each, or 2,600 acres, Worth in I
that ;country $7O per acre,
82,000
Fourth. A further investment of
agricultural tiapital is required I
to furnish thei teazles, fire-wood,
coal pro ., vender for team horses,.
&c.,! esumatid ,at I z • 8,000
I'
gi 1422,000
To 4um up Om whole : in his owl: words,
"Thud $1,422000 is the agricultural capi
tal nay' in requisition to supply , mauu
faeturihg investments of $140,111. This
stipplylconsistslof wool, soap, ten4es, and
fire-weed, usediin the factory, of Winter fod
der and sum Mer pasture for slip and
provender tortilla, horses, ; and food
u ger 170
operatk'ves and ,their families. re is a
large dxpendittire, beneficial 'itt. m, if not
all of ' Hie' inhabitants of the coun•• , in a
gteatei or les's degree, in; the sitni manner
ao the: whole i,POPULATIpbI of Entland 'is
more clr less benefited by their iitanufac
-1
ures• o ,
O r El p i age 16 e l f ihe tiaMo report, , O organ
of the free-trade Piditiclans prose to say:,
",owlet us proceed' to ' examine; he trAth
of the! positioiC of . those• who a mit the
tax, onithe coniiMMer, but, insist at
. it ~is
'matte ized -by 641,13.eooficit derive d tont do.
fitestic mann& t*. We may ad nit that
.
it l prohpidy :he flip' lifi• • tillit6 to th4Bo Who
i
live inlthe'llei berheed4' die.fit4ory. and'
work itr it, , or eupply foal to-the ktbor , or
ftirnisli either equirements, of the 4stahl 44-
el
firm., ps in .6 s case of_,G44,h,, in ' , x ,I . ac ,, ,
, tory_ at?ovp roffiteAtto,",., ;; 4 .. , , , l i . ;
H
11),
" et* then is We ii 141041911. 464 , F 414411
by the geutlet4iau from Georgia, ' hat -one
MEM
Advortisententa mimeo,
al rates of Firio.
~i
aNrs pc . 1
Twpti:Y...t:pir,Arcars additi. l
justirtioit. . :. .
,y -e irly' t lk dverii ge ni s e
ti ts , •
terittioo, notio:esgeod
Qnnoeteiguroni with the '"
/lair Coluti4t. . do I
Gni?: Column, do
Thisineas Ciiils, do
All oilfpr advertiseme4ts
rates;. , ri
Td. 16.
, dvorthicznentivishould be
INir`ipf hisditiAiCrequired.
siiiiilti•fleforY in the county Of 'D. ,15, :es ,
with a pepitar Of
.$140;1 11 giveittclitrelkm- •
' ploynient. 4i . $1,42'.2;(100 'of agrieitltiirar 4 # p
ital-r-tMke than tee 'tinieit the - ,.anidutti, '..pf
manufacturing capital eMployed:' ' '''':``
pilit ii.to - say , the betielit is Sherndkilte
two lateiestii 111 the . pro rani Pf .iiiie.4,-
,: , ;PI - , ~ -1 : r,,,',.
enta psrt an anefinanufa tare'r, ainl•tenlelev
entiis'is
. to the 'agri elturaillini
,Awa y !
thb.,!;9\liihe_Senseless ry.whieli iiiiii heir- •
taraWdeenTed" and th toted the NM:them
arid' WeStern fermeivin the belief 'thiit the
protection of - doniestic ndustry is rebbing
theit for the': benefit al manufacturer, Away, with' the sophistry lo thp South E irkiib
has inveigled the Northore legislator, inlet
the inniender Of the best interests of his ifiiin-.
try, and 'raised that "cry of distress,tiniest
Of dispair l , "'So traphietilli, depiciet by ribs
gend• f
erniut from Georgia i 1 . , -
Elite iii the force and pint; of truth dinW- •
lug Atom tbe . peat and o. k ' wledgeilleit
of the anti-tariff Policy of he South, the,
~...
iitie.tetifessioa that the I i i , re expenditur -'
e of
ibelfklenliatia ieetory'd- litelicii 61414 s
benPfici'''ailio f most if not 1 inhabitaiiMOf the
eoenty, iii:the same' inter as the Whole
popttliititui Of Englander bene,fitted bytheir
manpfactnies. Sir, let pie comatend • this
edinission'-',, to the serio Eli consideration .01‘
Northern; ; 7 Ors.-
„is' true that, .the
gentleman front ( corgis Makes an obeißre
attempt ,to evade tihe for o f and etre - 4 1 4 his
adnussion, by going off i 1 to a fer-fetCheigar
guintent.toishOw that the lenhani facto in /
butchess,ldnes not eiree the.. rice 'grower
of the South.' What the i l Does this ..in=
validatethp admission in he glightest degree.
Could not the gentleman • tend his political
visioa beyond' the present moments?
,Coald
he not anticipate the efnets of a measute
for a series Of years to co lie ? Is it l not,the
pecelierfprovinee of a st , (Ismail; td act Air
the_ future,,and political! speaking, tq 6 4_
ion and mould that future Mas to Se - Cure the
best interest andratnelior a the condition" of
the whole s Peopk, so as t iprotect the rights
and Semite the. happiness of alit./ We ask
for the adoption of a sy em whiehlvill lo
cam 'poi oly'ione but hal to dozen factories
in ei , ~.
ery nty of the 11101:11 - for a policy
that' ill plant a factory if every tofinsliip
and sehoot district tbron ! .,iout the hroad ex
panse, ofunrestended do
, rn. We ask that
the Whole people'm ay e • y the advantages
which the leader of thea -protective rinliey
G f Lt
is freed to admit that ephain factory has
conferred on the whole „ass of the inhabi
tants of Disehess county; and to use his own
language, '.in the same „ eaner as the whole
popelation of England , henefitted-by their
maufactories.' &iv
mis ion covers the wliy° see' that this lid
adel . .und—surreinlers:
ti v
the hole argument bat, • - - n the North and
South—establishes the fu' that manufactur
ing establishments are h 1 y conducive to
the prospeity and hap* . - of llati- *hal e
people—that so far from atxingoppressively
the farming interests. the . confer a ten-fold
benfit on the farmer, whi 1 the manufacturer
enjo ii. Every thousand dollars infested,
ili
give active , employmen Ito ten thousand
dollars agricultural capit• lor in the propor
tion of 146,000 to 1,422,11 1. 1 ; which brings
me back to original ave I, ~,t, the benefit s to ,
be derived by protective i i 'urination will
be in eact,, proportion' to .P nuinbertof the
different classes &thee° . . unity. Anil we
beheive thit till these adv, , , tages may be at
taind, without raising on dollar more than
will required to suppl the Wantinf the
t a.e,
Ines economical A • stration. 'Let us
beseech the Northern I ;slaters to re-es
arnipe the premises; to r et their errors;
to escape ifthey can, the e phoneous Sobri
la
quetj of s' Northern doughfaces," insulting
ly awarded them b} south klil courtesy; and e
to i Mite the - ekample of be - South, by uni
ting 'n one, solid phalanx, qgardless of party
ami ositieS, when the•vit
,interests of the
nation tire at stake..:
We are exultingly refers
therit.sli ministry have
diei ways, are retracing tW
doni ig their protective polj
11l i
nodifference between tl
Pennsylvania system.
; 585 88
$114,281 80
used enormous duties,
ton, as a primary obi(
ibition w -as the. real obj,
of which was to destrc
tee?
j i
pro 1
feet
hey were compelled i '
don a:vicious 14)14-
. We ask no prohibi
last
aha i
thin
ction over and above
I=
We only ask reveal
etion.; That argum
, aelt . Os. If there a..
g the 'peo'ple, any ad
eretofore Dursned by'
"lie d
prot
not f 1
omo
icy 11
ent, in - relation . to p
i n, ive,Aisclaim all
em
bith
anulegy to such a policy;
ern intinuflicturers desire
sclv s exclusive benefits,
ting oppressively upon
cou trY, we 'repudiate : t
into t and; purpose. If
hay special reference to
Marinfactureri at }tie ex,
and planter, we denoun
rejecx the, policy..t We . It
cute ; priMarily to, the pr
ricu tura, industry—the c
Mai ei, and consequent
Oat , and :11te necessary %
, :i Mereittrelations wit
tatural. interea6, fu'
lir laves_ ut , grea masa
e t ! Staias; arid iaci
1y suraAutitianpon
limerciid-ancLuutuut•
I.„'P7-4°%,l.b.ill4liPstp, for..
lAr-zOMIP9. iliac the
N rOtO f6oiiion of
liiatidii fa' be use
rub
Fish
`ctive'"Yste rn bP4 43 1 fi
alt,objei
;,
triho.reistrictid
eel t
nobility, the right of
=1
•
ly imeited at.the
s9uaro'for_the fingeand
nal for each #tiliseqpput
I •
it'll the' priiileg,'Ot" al-
re!j u ear ,
do Woo
, W
- do 3100
inserted at reinotaid n
mated with theAßtn.
REM
Id the fact that.
Seen the error of
kr' steps, and alma
[y. Sir, there is
t analogy and --
.at Government
vowedly for pro
t, or rather as a
t—the flirect ef
revenue ; and at
f some measure to
.We !isk no such
;ipry duties nor for
s) requisite rove
i• and.; ineidontal
t, therefore, does
I on, this 'loo;, or ~
I. catcs of thtitpoi
he British';Gov
, tection, or, prohi-
i nection witbilpr .
id if the North
iii. secuik wi.tbem
a sYsteni 'Opera
'•• c. sectbins of the
" end la!erpsncit
y theta are who
he interest of the
Rise of ;the Minter,
the niotivaind ,
as, WOO} ii!P4t
te4iO3/fr•9f toem..ll
- ti t hiitne
titi4iireiepOitii
ti
ar
all.,4l;e• il alyted
t4:PIRO fi.hqk.l4
0 0 res9 n thA di t it
'pftleiiitiOe`be
, evei . ` becainsi kis. •
hieliall kiidande
oturigg piamintity
1 —.i; , 2.........14,
' . e.WPleAu,* •
l •
fwadnd,state„ - a
I . mine of klaitje
drikiirifl
hit 114 ire t p, t SVo
iiellali as'n 10.
''l '4: Vie'
.0 hi
itorqittrOtte;tllo3
1 i 'shiii,theinatitti 7
1 0 1 0 ) 0 1 140V
1 itxt; .. - 1.14
, tnnageniture, and