Clii'':lliiiiijiri -,:.uoi(itc'.,!
Pl/14454 . D ZYFAT TIii.ILLSIIA,T,MOILNIJ:G, DI
• DOW* , BOYD. • •
(Office ottithe west side of the. Public. Avenuis.)
TERMS.-HDNE DOLLAR, it year in Avance.
Oho DoThir FiftT Centel if iiht,paid within three
months, anAFif delayed:until after the capitation of
th e year two dollars will be exuded ,„
Dtscontiniumees with the
less arrearages are paiti.,
Letters - VI the Piiblisliers on brisine4Ayitb ithe
lice mudt bii post-paid . to in. atteatiOn; ,
Pottrt!.
„ - .
For the4 l 6 - ple's Athiocate
TO HELEN: • `. •
•
y ou t v oeen the cloud at cltfse orday—.
. A datk, forboding, shapeless thing, 1 .
t hlged by sunset's glowing ray, I
1 .4 thObsaud beauties on it spring.
But spoil those varied tints r ine gone—
A moment lingering, brightiir grows,
And thCh forever they have flown,
To leave the cloud in dark repose.
Even sohas been my stream of life,
As dak and gloomy as that cloud :
A busy t.hain of turmoil, strife,
And Avery link with pain endowed
But He'en, dear, the pencil took,
And &Lipt it in.refulgent
Both pain and sorrow I could brook,
If shit the darkened edges dyed
Christ in the Tempest;
1 7 : BT J. G, WHITTIER.
Storm on the heaving craters'—The vast sky
Is stoopitik with its thornier. Cloud on cicind,
Rolls heniily in the darkness, like a shroud
Shaken by Otidnight's Angels from nn high.
Through tQ thick ses , nrist faintly and afar,
Chorazin's t-atch-light glimmers like a star,
And, momeitly, the gh'astly cloadAres play
On the d 4 seamsll of CaPernatures bay, •
And tower 9nd nowt into light spring forth
Like spectris starting fornti'the storm-swept earth;,
And vast an) awfnl, Tabor's mountain form,
Its Titan forthead naked to the storm,
Towers for Ole instant, full and dear, and: then
Blends witlAhe blackness and the Cloud again. •
And it is very terrible !—The roar .
Aseendethiunto heaven, and thunders back,
Like the T: sponse of demons,. from the black,
Rifts of the Banging tempest—yawning o'er - ' •
The wild wives in their torment- Hark-!—the
Of stmng 4ten in peril, piercing 'through
The uproar 4I the waters and the sky,'
As the rettn barkque one moment rides to vie*,
On the tall with the thundercloud
Closing aroi,a, above her, like a shroud!
He stood npn the reeling deck—llis form
Made visigle by the lightning, and His brow
Pale, and ut i tcovered to the rushing storm,
Told of a nninpli man may never know—
Power made and rnighty—allEscc--nn srair
The wav heard Him, and the storms loud tone
Went moaning into silence at His will :
And the thlck clouds,wh ere yet the lightning shone,
And slept t 4 latent thunder, rolled away,
Until no iace of tempest lurked behind
Changing upon the.pinions of the wind .
To stormlesf wanderers, beautiful and gay.
Dread -ruuu uelme
. Who ptsence bovvetli the uprisen storm,
To
To whom the waves do haulage round the shore
- or'many fin Wand empire the form .
Of the frail dust beneath Thine eye, may claint
Thy infiluic regard—oh, breathe uPon
The storm we darkness of man's soul the same
Quiet, and &ice, and humbleness, which came
O'er the 'paged waters, where thy voice had gone
A minisier citpoWer , —to conquer in Thy name.
mous.
' •• Fror&the Public Lecigef.
Curiosities at Washington.
WASHINGTON', Aug. 19., 1846.
I -examined to-day a -single case in the
National (gallery, over' the Patent Office....L.;
But befornj proceeded to do.so, the models
of statuarA which. ‘ strike the eye as you en
ter this magnificent -Hall, engaged my at
tention. 'the statue of . Wa s hington, by
Pettrich, 4 the first object-of attraction as
you enter.: Being merely-a model, it is of
course in.tilaster, but is not the less interest
tag for that. It is in Military costume, and
cloak, gratefully thrown from the shoulders,
and right land, with:scroll., extended. Ott
the right itland of this statue is an admirable
bust of Jaijkson, and on dieJeft another of
Van Burka. Equally admirable busts of
Forsyth, qlay, J. C. Spencer and Poinsett,
arealso ptsced in the same company. Stat
ues-of Wisdom and Justice, Morality and
Liberty, tire tbe, presiding deities of the
group- c
" Sleeping Innocence ," by Pettrich, i e 1 s ia
beautiful timdel, occupyino• b
a case directly'
in front it the statue of Washington, in
company With a " Sleeping Child," by' the
same scuiiitor.,These, as Well as"those
above reAii.cd to, are all the original Mo'd:
els. " $1 . 4.‘ ping liinticence," a full len gtl
female figure, wits executed in Rothe in
1838.. it epos.eti on a coda), the 'right 'side
of the faceigraeetally resting on ilie liosom,
and the stight drapery : thus high ) coyering
the whole person. The,Jeft ~.Ind, rests on
the breasth and the right :init. encircles a
young lati?' b. The model of the, sleeping
child is ILtetfect,. 4rui was
,executed; in Phila
delphia in 4841. Every married lad who
visits the ti-a ll ery has at home a chi ld ' ex
actly like 4! Blists . 9f Pettrieb, wife; mud
eight chikken;arie'4 l .l-liaiii ; 0 4 zeelle*•
"DisaPlVOne4 Love," which'•*i* diefi
have voteivut of,the hall, is. ntoop - H clutite
and iteauoful desiga-ra_ iicielifti9g4gge.,
restin g on ithe right arm and elPnP4lA,Atrfig.
eery parti a lly "thrown over the person,. cov.
ering the ift arm', r ight . wrist-awl ha!idAeft
leg and-fot - it, anti thence-th' °sin - 1071eeittlly,
over the kfiver part of the right- , Tlui : isstOr
el ; in everksespeet,. is petfeet...,-i.i; ih`_,:-1 ,: , 111&..
The i , Ishermun's- Daughter," f bit fet.,
web, i. ataita ..adinired. Reclininglxw
tunc, re.st . . on , theleft hand, fishing, fed 'II!
tight, ivitOfishes laird shells by zit* **Kea
ii
with dra ry gracefully arrayed'. , - .Arbi.
" Young , miter,'" by JhePaine. §itting
peeture,le t iiiiikiiul hand testiiii:oaAeft
knee,' lxitOitt - Lind,' .tirvir4tuil gaiiteibi
side, ilti
`'diarfry - Lkviskin;--iieldl artllivaiin
right hatali*overingthelirialitrto the ihrOat,
et -whiEVlthe:haridilt, sis;4l"4hti
dovnisigird land rightleg4itltdoLitTlkoptis'it
taiviSiikeedingly graeeftA.b M 5 ' .l .'t r`- , -11
. Of t lie4tiutnerableinritntittettinllits hall;
arrayed iti cuse* of statief'fiftenn 'feet: in
i:
ME
O.
,
VOL. 'l.
• s
- length, by eh in height nd -five in' breadth,
I was ebbe to examine 'at one during the
two hours-Which I passe, to-day in the 'gal
lerv. If WO case isle. 2 , , and contains the .
eelebrafed gtild Snuff Box, presented by the
Emperoi - Alq.tander to Levert Harris, E4q.
1
wheaCtoarge' d'Affaire at St: Petersburg.
This ho -contains, in th letter Aon its lid,
100 smalli4liamonds. his diamond letter
is encircleofiriso by 35 1 ge diamonds, and,
about•so 04 the siz ornament the e4g
es of the lid;oaltagether bout 215 valuable
2:1, ,,ii!
diamonds. i The b is eautifully- chasd,
is of the highest fin' and is valued at
$6000.; Itt4disv contains he two large pearls
Mentioned 'below, preset dby the Imaum
of Muscat to President 'an'Buren.
The sania case contai s a S\vortl, with', a
scabbard of gold, presented by tha Viceroy
1. 1
of Peril to Commodoreiddle ; a gehlmed
al struck IL)t' order of th Senate of 'Ham
burg, et th 'third cente vial commemora
tion of thq establishdie t of their constitti
tion and the Lutheran !religion, presented
Eby, order q the Senate! to Mr. Cuthbert,
'Consul of the United' States at Hamburg;
'a silver Medal, a duplicate of the foregoing,
rand presented as above ;! a gold Medal, coin
merative of the deriverylfrom assassination
ref the Lib 'orator, General Boliver, President
!of,Colombia, presented by him to Presidant
:Jackson; „len statues i 'resented by Ali Fla
!:cha, Hey Of tgypt, to Capt. Perry and eta
er officers if the United States ship Con
,cord, whet' at Alexander, in -1832; a mad-,
el of the Kixlg ,of Sweden, Bernadotte, ,in;
cast iron ;
j rnld Medals struck in Peru in!
1821 and 828 ; a gold Xedal of Napoleon
Buonaparte ; four silver litedals of Napole
on Boonaintrte ; two Rio de la Plata Dul
-1
oars, dater! 1813 ; a Turkish Sword di a
Damascus blade; a Gun ornamented with
G ':gold; a G u ornamented • with silver and
:coral, all resented to i President Jeffergon
by the E peror of Merocco; seven old
:coins of mon Emperors; a pair of Pis
rtols, of Mahogany or Walnut stocks, 'and
barrels of anteorie rock]; a fowling-piece in
a maboo - rany case ; two Medals in cast iron,
presented by the Society of Beneficence. of
Cracrow, ;to -the President of the United
States, Mr Monroe; a shawl,
_presented' to
the wife of Lieut. A. H.Yoote, U. S. N. by
the Imauni of Muscat ; la scimetar, present
ed to Conti Elliot, during his command in
the Mediteranean ; five! shawls, ode sword,
one string:of pearls, valued at $3500, three
dernijohnsiof rose-watee, one Persian car
pet two horse-covers, tWo large pearls, and
'one bottle obf arta of rose, all presented by
the Imaurd of Muscat, - to the President,' of
the United States, Mr. Van Buren, (this at
tit of rose is of the puregt quality, in quatiti
ty about if pint, and itit value - three tittles
that of gol6 z) one case of coins of 1!,1 , :o----- ,
(Th0..,a..-..- 31..t..i i .' irt.,-,,a..kn, aelge,lB3o;"
the originnl Declaration of the thirteen . U.
States of America ; the !orininal commission
as Commander-in-Chief of Gen. Ceorge
Washington ; treaties(Corin a inal) between
the United States and Great Britain, George
Prince Reprit, 1814 ; U.States and France
Louis 16th, 1778; U. States and Beetle
parte, Ist Consul, '1803; U. States and
Louis 18ti
,• 1822 ; U: States and Louis
Philippe ,1831 ; U. tates and Charles
John, Rink of Sweden United States and
Russia, Alexander; U. States and Austria,
Prancis Iqt.; U. States and Spain, Ferdin
and ; United States and Brazil, Don Pedio ;
,U. States and Russia, rederick Wilbet' ;
U. States ' and Turkey • together with nu
, merons standard and w igbts and measures,
;English, French, and American, and Med
; ,als of Johd Q. Adams, !Horatio Gates, 11`a
-1 thaniel Greene, and Daniel Morgan, three
t
,gold and fine silver Pe uvian medals, and
'one •Turkish sabre. have noticed this
'case thus articularly,because it is consid
lered one ofthe most interesting in the eol
'7„
lection. hese articles were deposited un
!tier a resol tion of Con ress, by Mr. Web
ster, then i Seretary of State, 18-11. The
!ease contains, in add tion to the articles
;above - eut)merated, 1 ashington's Camp
Chest, containing 6 tin plates, 3 tin dishes,
3 'tin saucq-pans with hit:idles, 1 tin coffee
,boiler With handles, 1 t . cannister, for Ma,
and 1 for sugar, 1 tin andlestick and tin
der Nix, 11 iron gridiron (a curiosity,) 2
!glass quart bottles, (on containing salt,,) 2
glass pint bottles, (one containing :honey,)
'5 -,glass bottles for p.pper, &c. 1 brdwn
earthern te r a pot, 1
,glas tumbler, 2 knives
and forksi—leaving fi e empty spaces; in
the chest. 1 Also, the co , t, vest, ankbreech
ies;worn 11 1 Washingto,• when he resigned
l iis commission at Ann o • ohs, 1783: The
cOat-is a hlue broadel , E, - facings .of buff
with, plain. crass: button vest and breeches
of.buff,Also with plain Imes buttons. The
IsWorfl worm by Washin_ In at Braddock's
Ideitt, and throughout t e Revolution, with
green hilt tind silver-rao nted, occupies the,
,tae ease;,as -does , a ~ the cnibb talking
staff; with gold head; i resented in his last
will by .V kiln to. ' . hington, and Part
lqf the ran r or, sleepi tent of Washing
itna, tens ble and suer :11 as the canopy that
;sheltered the Father of lis , Country in pie'
',day of hisl Ountry's , , • ' ~and_ as having
!formed withioits cam' s walls the princi
-40 place to whiet the. I bier retired to corn
pose the rrAst itirpoilitati despatches, ant: of--,
Fier tip hi: ' -- '' - - " . " 1 "1 dbatttpli JOU;
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insertion. .• i ' . —ti . ' ' ' .
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Yearly, Advertis melts ; iNlittre t4ii,p ' • ege . , of .411
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•• teration , not to exc .ed. 1 !
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• Quarter- toltuxua,m th the paper, per" ye: ,
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" ' ' " EVER
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1 tier Coliiind", • .!! ' do" -= ; -• o• •!! , 41%00!
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=1
ONTR,OW, PA. THURSDAY SEPT.. 3, : 1846. \.l-,
1
_ _
opportunities for knowing many details' con
perning the close of his' miserable carebr.—
subsotitient to the termination of the Revo-•
lutionary war', and after the perpetration of
Various atrocities against his countrymen,
Arnold went to England and received :a
ommission-in the British army. Het: was
'rowned- upon by the officers; and every-
Svhere received with contempt, if not ihdig-
Option' Various public insults were:offered
o hint, and•in private life he was the Object
Of perpetual scorn. •
t . Soon after, Arnold threw up his commis
on in the army in,disgust, and removed to
-1
ISt. Johns: He there engaged in the Nest
).ndia trade, becoming as notorious far his
I Pepravity in business as he had before been
false to his country; Ins integrity was sus-
wected At various times ,, and on one occasion
ut;ing his absence, his store was consumed,
Opon which had been effected an enormous
: , littsurance. The ,Company suspected foul
riplay, and a legal contest was the result.—
'Paring the trial pupular odium against Ar
.'nokl increased, and maniti?sted itself Eby a
iuct.eQsion of mobs and the .burning oft him.,
t :
an effiq. During this painful scene • his ,
!family , . were greatly distressed, and - the lady
kto whom allusion has been made, and who
(resided near Arnold's houses was requested
i l 'to,go and pass that trying interval of time
liwith them. That request, in the fair hand
liwriting of Mrs. Arnold, until recently was
Lin: my possession, as well as a copy of n sa
iirical handbill describing Arnold's life,
I]hundreds of which were circulated among
'the populace during his , trial. Mrs. Arnold
tin her note says, , " the General is himself
i
k to-dav," meaning that he bore the insults
=with his usual firmness; but she was alarm-
,ted herself, and wished for the presence of
some female friend during the painful scene,
..
Oat followed.,
The proof was not enough to condemn
iArnold, but there was enough detected of
IKoul play to vitiate his policy. From; that
:time the situation of -Arnold, at St. Johns,
=became even more uncomfortable, and that
of his family distressing-. Mrs. A. was treat
ed With great respect and kindness, but he
;was both shunned and despised. Sim was.
lady of great delicacy and refinement,
iwith a mind cultivated with more than or-.
idinary care, and of .course, her sufferings
were rendered acute by the 'imputations
;against her husband's integrity, aside from
Ibis treasan. They shortly left St. Johns
;and went to England, where Arnold became
;lost to the public eye, and died in degrada-
Otion and obscurity.-
: 1 There is a moral connected with the his
horj, of Benedict Arneld which should be
, deeply impressed- upon the youth of this
,'countrv. He was headstrong, disobedient
~..o vihdietwe in early me, anu ltai
putn
:fully wounded a fond mother's heart. In
s'mature years, the same characteristics were
visible, strengthened by power and rendered
perilous by the absence of moral principle,
ituid 1 - elf-control. He died as he lived, a
i hnau of ungovernable passions, destitute of
.integrity, deeply depraved and without ever
'having openly repented of his heinous of-
Oences.
The great question of the northern boun
dary of Oregon being now settled by the
'?treaty with Great Britain, the occupation of
;that territory by an American population
twill probably go on with rapidity and stead
tineSs. It is manifestly the duty of the friends
rot' christian institutions, to see that this germ
Hof a new empire is supplied from the begin
iing with a healthful moral influence ; and
determination ofthe American Home
Missionary Society to send two pioneer mis
i..:ionaries beyond the Rocky Mountains, as
his soon as-practicable, will by no one be re
karded as premature.
i- The present general desire for autheatic
nformation respecting Oregon, induces us
t t olt republish the folfcrwing article froin the
'New York Journal of Commerce. h was
ffritten . by Rev. Mr. Hines, who for several
,s , ears resided in Oregon as h missiompy of
4he Methodist Episcopal chureb.—libme
Wiksionary.
tl Mr. Hines describes the Oregon Territory.
ias bounded northerly 120 miles by Puget
.and froin, the eastern termination of
that Inlet by a ridge of mountains whibli di
tvides the waters of Frazer's river froni'those
which flow into the Columbia,—said !ridge
,Pextending in a direction East-North-East to
he Rocky Moutitains.
~- • •
i The Pacific coast which falls to u; Untler
ithe Treaty, is about 450 miles in length,
itextekding from lit, 42 deg, to Cape Flattery
W the entrance of Puget Inlet. /long the
Inlet, we have a 4 ' water front" of 120 miles ;
'poking a total of near 600 miles of past,
without including the gulf which projects
from the east end of Puget Inlet, farthe
',Southward, commonly called Admiral y In
let. These two `4lets--the latter of vhich
is ;wholly ours-contain a, plenty of good
Admiral
Nabors, , and_ they are,the only good harbors
Twe,possess on that coast. South of Cape
flattery, the only harbor which a slip can
tinter, is'the math of Columbia rivet, and
pill, as all our readers know, is diffi ult of
,recess, and often extremely dangerous.
a ,T l be,... area of , surface embraced • ilrithin
1
4meticor Oregon as defined by the Treaty,
its more-than six times that of 'Ole silate of
piew,Nork.Faun
' ' 31r. ,Hines' • description
Of it , we now, koceed to quote. in hiS own
!words. ,' The, reader will observe that the
pcntutry about Paget Sound, which halt been
4enerally,dcscribaLair an sexcellent a leaf=
4ural district, is, iepresented t by Mr, Hi es as
'-A . stretilell, bßip:4„ althou g h ....level a d ex
#egla_gly):,i*tifal.".Strictly.spe • g, he
, ! At,-,lliFie,o,-10_1-2,101•_:_, The Prairies are cur
e Fee iltl4i, ATP F4,etc ur , satal4, stones,' with
OC, Itr ) ,V;4 4 r Rt4Plattra,-,ef.eartb. Indeed
Oa , altrintt - 44Plarks places... , this somewhat
leitiiiiira ;tract, attY•Thiag cr b e•
:raised. . And this, he it _ observed, is th tract,
'P.. r.-04 1 44ett.= abt.44 4 , wAijc.k , two, nations Wife
beek4isputing., these ••t years, and for
thii,p,osoefeisik - of,Nhicb thelibave at I time&
;peen an'inpriliaeat.4inger ~ .er iscurr • 1g the
aireit Calamities. , ,
1
Illadium
Ara: Wake
ig
:to dou r
10(18; ca.
of•daste
trea t son,
ally e-
..„i. i; ; •;•ii!
min, 44,
tqc.4oo
IP. 44,18t,'
peqpiar
OREGON.
The face of this country (says Mr: HineS)
is wonderfully diversified,and presents every
variety of scenery, froM the most nwfylly
grand and sublime tote most beautiful and
picturesque in nature.; -In the vicinity of
Puget's Sound the country is level and ex
ceedingly beautiful, and consists mostly of
prairie land, with but a, small portion of
timber; but, with this, exception, all along
the coast it is broken and mountainous. On
approaching the coast at the mouth of the
Columbia river, ridges of high lands appear
on either-hand Lts: far,aS the eye can mobil,
and the more elevated points serve as land
marks to guide the mariner through the in
tricate channel across the fearful '" Bar of
the Columbia." One high mountain called
by the Indians " Swalalahoost," front an In
dian tradition, and from its appearance, is
supposed to have' once been an active volca
no.. With -hot little variation the country
from thirty to fifty miles back from the coast
present a rough, wild and mountainous as
pect, arid is covered with dense fOrests, fir,
spruce and cedar trees. Passing over this
broken border of the country, you descend
on the north side of the Columbia into the
valley of the Cnwilitz, and on the south into
that of the Wallamette river. These valleys
extend eastward to that': range of' mountains
which, crossing the Celumbia river, firms
tho Cascades, and is 'therefore called the
" Cascade Mountains.:' • Comprised in these
rallies are many 'extensive prairies, bciauti
ful woodlands, numberlesi hillocks, iising
grounds and majestic hills, from the thp of
some of which, scenery as enchantinmai was
ever presented to the eye, delights! and
charms the lover of nature who takesttitne
to visit their conical sunimits. That pitrt of
Oregon extending from the Cascade goon
tains to the Pacific Ocean, is calk/ the
"Lower Country," and is•about one !hun
dred and thirty miles wide.
The Cascade Mountains extend it one
continuous range; parallel with the Boast,
quite to Calfornia, and have therefore ;onto
times been called-the "'California Reap."
Those whose mountain observationsi,have
not been extensive, can , . form no
,just !con
ceptions of the grandeurand magnificence of
this stupendous range. The it ighestpealis are
covered' with eternal snows, and presehting
their, round peaks to the heavens, appear
like so many magnificent domes to adorn
the great temple of nature. Some-of them
are inure than fifteen thousand feet above
the level of the sea. I'rotn one elevation,
uear the Wallamette river, and from !sixty
to orie.hundred and fifty miles distant, the
writer counted eight ofi these snow capped
mountains 'without moving from his trhcks.
Surely no sight can be more enchantiag.---
()tie of , these mountains, viz : St. lielen,
requires a more puilie.glaz
phenomenon which it presented three years
ago. in the month of 'October, IS.I - 24; this
mountain was discovernd all at once, io he
covered with a dense chilli of smoke, Which
continued to enlarge and move off in dense
masses-to the eastward, and filling the
heavens in that directiou, presented al ap
pearance very much like that of a tre
mendous conflagration, viewed at a vast dis
tance. When the smoke had passed away,
it could be distinctly seen, fr m various parts
of the country, that an ion had taken
place on the north side; f St. Helen ;i and
from the smoke that continued to issue ?rom
the chasm or crater, it, was -pronounopd to
be a volcano in active operation. When the
explosion took place vast quantities of :dust
or ashes were thrown d-om the ehasmi and
fell 'in showers for many miles distant. ;This
mountain is the most regular in its form°, and
most beautiful in its appearance! of. all the
snow clad mountains or:Oregon, and thimg,h
on the north side of the Columbia, it belongs
to the Cascade Range.: Mount Hooi, on
the south side of the Columbia, is mor4 ele-
voted than St. Helen, and presents a inag
nifioent object on which the eye can gaze
Without weariness, froM innumerable tioints
more than one hundredi and fifty miles:frork
its ',base. By any description of •thesu
gi
gantic piles of Basalt and snow must fall far
below the reality; and it is only necessi:iryto
gaze for one moment upon the majestif gla
zieds, to-he impressed with the insignificance
of the works of art, when comOred with the
works of nature. '
Passing over the Cacad - t Range 43 the
eastward, you come into another extt'msive
valley, which reaches to the foot of anther
range which from its azure like appearhnce,
is culled the "Blue Mohntains." Thip val
ley is about two hundred miles broad and
is called the " middle country." A number
of beautiful rivers flow through this +ley,
and it is also intersected by broken rlges,
which divide the numerOus streams by *lnch
it ?s watered. - This Part of the country
abounds in extensive plains and " Riairic
hills," but timber is so very scarce, that the
eye of the traveler is seldom delightec with
l
the appearance of a 1 tree. The ' Blue
MOuntains" are steep, rocky and volcanic,
and some of them are covered with piwpet
unit snow.
They run nearly parallel with th 4 Cas
cade Range, tbough,l far to the South,
braiiches Of them intersect with'the ;latter
mike. They nre abeht midway betwixt
the Pacific Ocean an the , Rotky Moan
tahis. The country e of the ‘f Blue
4,4
Mountains," is the thir ; or upper t+gion,
and extends to the east via boundary of the
Territory of Oregon. - . he face of it 111 more
varied if possible; than it is 'in that part of
the country lying west Of the " Blue Igcniii.
tains," the southern pbeing dititingtiished
by its steep and rug d mountains} deep
and dismal values, cal ed " Holes," fiy the
mountaineers, and - wid • gravelly plaiiis.-'
c
l
" The 'northern •
part is,less objectiondblein
its features ;'the plains being more execiiiiive
the mountains less preipitous, and the•vill
lies hot . ttO gloomy. M nx,iirtii ef portions this
upper region' arejvolcam
ic,,and , Soe 4f • the
ti l
roleinoes'are' ipfOns nt action . :Mtuiybr
tbelilainii of
,thuifregio aref - covered: With ;
carbonate Ohioda, wit dh;' , iti'' Mille place's;'
any be gathered in S'l2 : - quantities, mid ren
derobthe soil . 'generall .unproductive.-.19n
the eastern limits of till region, rise iceaw
; NI 12.
•
. ,
NI grandeur t - towering sumiiits of the
Becky Mountait s, whi6h are veSy proper
ly called the " beck botientof Nohh Amer
ica. •The highest landin North America is
in thi)i• range, attil is near the 53d parallel •
of north latitud . It is Called I' Brown's
Mountain." ' I
Near this, and in a trem l endot4 gorge or
the mountains, o e of tli , e principal branches
of the Columbi' takesnts 'rise.- In this re
gion the count, presenter the v"ildest and
t , ..
most ;terrific app amime. i,"
Stupendous lacier.% and cha 4 ic masses
an rocks, ice snow,present themselves ,
/ou every side, a d der; the poifer of lan
guage fully 'to d scribeithem. i
Socifar us the face ofthis entirOcomnryis
concined, perhaPs no other in the ilvorld pre
sents,ta more vaiied on a - :more interesting
appOirance.
'rife climate of OrtionNaries materially
as yen proceed from the coast imp the inte
rior. i To a prettier understandings of the cli
.
mote i is necesiary to consider the winter
and Ammer separately. The wi ts which
- -i.
prevail in the winter are from . the oath and
EasqsoinetimeOlv; j eering to. the Southwest.
They usually co memie about thb first of
Novelnber, and continued till tbe first of
May‘ :
I i
ScOnetimes ditty comb on gradually,.but
at seine seasons, they burst upor4the coun
try at once, and-pith the violenceiof a thun
der storm. The are always attended with
continued falls (Train and the perind of their
continuance is • dierefere called the .rainy
seasn. Darn*: the rainy season - there are''
intervals of warm`pleasant weatlier, which i
are#enerally followed ,by cold ` hilly rains
froini , the South; and 'West. L ithe latter
part !if winter there and senerallA lig ht falls
a
of snnw throughput the country, ithough in
the rallies - , and particularly the Wallamette
relief-, it seldoni falls more than n t s fro or three
ittelo„is deep. flowerer, in the; winter , of
1841 and '42,1e snow fe ll in thin valley 12
inches deep, bu eight days afterwards it had
tl
all d4appeared. , ' 1
. 'Though the, winters are distreeble on
account of the c' eltillipess -of the, southeast
wiiia, and the iextreine Irumiditi of the at-,
mosPliere, yet the cold is'Very moderate, the
therzhometer seom falling beltio freezing
l' point. As a m lttter of coarse ill groundis
seldttn frozen, nd therefore plotlghing Can
be dtme a grea portion. of the winter. Oc
casiOnally, ho ver, thernis an eiception to
this.. A few d ys before` the teat fall of
snort already mentioned, the meitury fell in
soma parts of die country,' to fifteen degrees
belo* zero ; and it continued excessively
cold ,c'or several 3 days. ' The !Ails were 411
frorttn so that battle 4nd horses'ibould pass
over them on die ice, and the C amble tiv
-,- si (lir drt i " thel
aw.newith of ti e Walk
n
mette , , was bridged witti Ice tor - }n...l—.a .c
fifteen days. A similar 'circumstance oc
curred in the_winter of 1845. 1
Li
Ivithe middhl region the rains ,are not so
abundant as i • e lower country; the
weather is cold , and there is c
t lisequently
more. snow. I that Portion of Jes-on east
of th'f " Blue 1% oantai'ns,"' calle 4 th% upper
f
region, it seldo rainstexcept in Ole Spring,
and then the miffs are not protraled. Vast
quantities of snw falliin this regain, partic
ularly in the m 1
untains. This part ,of the,',
territory is distinguished 'for tltlh extreme
dryness of its atmosphere,' which witk the
vast Oifference in theftemperatuie betwixt
day Lind night, fprrns ifs most peculiar trait,
so rat as climate is cOnerned. From sun
`rise till noon, tie merie'bry frequntly rises
fromEforty to degrees. '
It ihould be ofserve&that none of the win
ters Of Oregon 'laic either so stOrmy or so
cold,but that antic, litises,sheepi &c., find
amplp supplieslof proVender orq the wide
spread prairies, I whither they aril driven to
i
roans at large. / l .
If the winters/of Oregon are rattier stormy
and Unpleasant,the stUnmers are iuffieiently,
delightful to coOnterbalance all tQat is disa
grecolle in the 4 { vintgri:. .
Inc the mond' of March the 4atlier be
comes', sufficien tl y warm to start legetation,
so that thus earl ,the prairies bee:Time beau
tifully green al d many of Florals choicest
1 7
gifts iippear to berald the approap of sum-,
incr.! The sulimer winds are from the
West and Nortll, and , there is sildom any
pleasant Weathe,r except When thdae prevail.
Afte4 a lonrrai iy winter, the
and exhilarating of this
country look for .11e. hesilthy, and eilhilarating
breeie from the'bosoin of, the Pleific, with,
solic4ude‘ At ,ength the wished or chan g e
take 4 place. Tile hoWinf the itorm, lind
roar ti : ' f the southern minds, are hushed to si
!cacti; the lid's/ and valleys are ently. fan
ned V the western Zephyr, an the sun, :
pour mg his floc s of light and 4at from a
cloudless sky, c uses nature, as by enchant
men ) to enrobel herself in all thi glories of
sumiper. The rdelightfut Weathet thus tish
ered
?in, cOntin . es duiough .the_qhtire slitp
mer,iwith but de deviation, a the tem
peratitre of the! attnOsnliCro, - part cularly in
the yallainette Valley,
,is . agree: tily warm
nt
and Oniforrn. A. noonjia l the wii est days_
the tbertinimete rangstilet about 2' ded. nt ),
it
the sbade, but t _ e evenino are copsidertibly- 1
cooler. The c . inessOftheevenittgi, doubt-
les§ does far to entrislize the efr. OS_ of the,
mias , athat iii exlitilbdl, 7 , tbrotigli die iuflu-.
elide: 'Of the i fi, ' . l7toin '#el;!iwpmiiii, mid:
ni,.ty places, i whielii i Ore,Ai. un . in some;
parts'of the cod try.. i gOnu pe nal' Cape
rienc% and cite sive oliseivation i Weienee .
to tliii particul . , the writer is *Paled t o
expr4ss the opi ion, that ilic clinitge of Ore
sgqn decided favoilihin 'to hetilth. . And
tiy,
why ihould it, t. , be -The . te+perature,
partiiularly in i lowerbouturr i pi remark
.ably fiiifortn.' -he etutitry,iii* th er e f o r e
!
subjact :to the evils. - torkfrooddetl'i changes
froint extreme eat to Iqxtierifiy . iiild: . The .
exhilnrating o . n liMeze',. will* sets -,..4i, itg.
most every da Burin iptr,sum ' er; coati-
bate grellt l .l'', .fPuFilF4hei- a - . Phailu ; " = "
/ 1
I The eircum enema "eof - tnecteil: with 'the
I fact, hat the, . •butiii*deca ' tiegetii
bk.! iitte, in ie couttii, - :ind all 0,`,„ few:
dea - o*qmps , a:ml'o63=AD iendqortli
thei poiseqOu4; litiaol4'toint .' theiur;
, firoun i g regia s, itie Isiifficient: . silo* that
i
- D
Business Cat ti: do
,
An : a tli r r adyertisenieuts inserled
- Adveitis6inent s
firer of insertions rewired.
Oregon :must be the abode of It :althilinot
that•human life is likely to beli otraceedil
andluen to die of old it4e in this ethintry : as
in any other portion of the world: 1 . , Indeed
sue!' is the healthiness -of the climate ofthi*
country,:that. but very-few . white persons
have sickened and died since its occupancy.
hy such, more than thirty years sigo.;; Net,
with these-, facts before them„ there are perA
'ons .who are willing to: publish, fim and .neat.
that the: climate of Pregon, and particulatly,
of the lower country lis "decidedly,tum.
healthy. That ilid . niosi malignatl Mid fatati
fever& •pre,vail," than which no represent*/
Lion could be more erroileouS. is
Truethe ague and fever in' it very -inodi!
fled form, 'sometimes prevails • lin the loiter
country; but it is easilylcontrolled hyinopi.;
er retnediel, and finally leaves the pet**
with a vigorous and an unimpaired eonstittbh
don', and •seldom returns the Second seasonk.
These persons who hail!, lived•lon'Oest die.
country, are generally the most healthranit •
vigorous; which is of 'itself a paid :of Litt;
friendlineSs of the climate to the promotintit
of health. • If there is any difference he.
tween the-different portions of-Oregon in rel.
gard to the healthiness of its climate, the:
middle region and that, immediately Along).-
the coast, are the most salubrious.{
mate of the valleys of the Wallamette„COwl;
ilitz, Umpqua,, and Clameth rivers isikelt
calculated for wheat, barley, bats,ipeas,qtp
ples, peaches, pototoes, turnps, and: otheti
vegetables usually cultivated in the temper..
ate latitudes, • while horses,'. cattle, sheep,.
hogs, &c., tiourish•and- tnultiply beyond 01
parallel ;• but in the middle, and sOme,Parts,
of the upper region, the climate is well
adapted to all the pursuits of a pastoral-
. •
With a uniform, salubrious, and delight: -
ful.climate, as well adapted to purposes-4
agriculture as any within the same. degree*:
of latititude in any part of thevorld, Ore=.
gon loses much of its inwortance, if the:fer=•
tililJ.cof the soil does not correspond withi
the nature of the climate. •
. The soil of Oregon has been variously re.,
presented by persons who have visited:the,
country. Some have viewed it in altogether.
too favorable a light, wlfile others have great-,
ly underrated it. Some have placed it amongs
the first in the world; While othershaye con
siderea it loundless'i desert, fit only
the habitation of wild beasts and ,savage•
men. -These-, conflieting repreirentatitins
doubtless have arisen from a superficial ac.
quintance with the country by the author*.
of them.. They have {either not 1 stityed itt .
the country a sufficient' length of time to be-:
come acquainted with ' its real productive- , ,
ness, or they have relild upon that inforniv
turnwhich has been t' artfully desiOned t o .
prevent the country frrim being known. _ .-.4,-
Columbia river; are subject to an an nual in-'
' - I
,
undation which is occaiioned by the Melting
of the vastiquantities of snow whichlfalkon
its upper. branches, among the tool ntain&l
This flood continues through the month eff
June and into July,. so! that whaterr may
be the richness of the land thus overflown;-
but small portions of it will be' brought
contribute to the support of man. There ire
hOwever some portions•which lie above high '
water, are rematkably
,Tertile, and produce
in abundance the grains and Vegetables.:
common to the best parts of the country.—a'
Fort Vancouver-is situated on one of these=
higher parts•of the Columbia' valley, end
here a farm of tiro thousand
. acris is cuiti•
vated, and produees annually sev6ral thew. ,
Sand bushels oflgrain.,l -Here alge apples,
pears, and peaches Are cultivated success
fully, and grapesl are bMught to aklegmeof!
perfection:' . ' -
I -
Though but few attempts - have as yeti
been made tr the - 43.
__ made to etlvate the uplancts, or tim
bered lands, yet safficieht has been done tot
prove that the soil of these portionimustbel
of a superior quality. !And indeed ,this is!
attested by the ithmense growth o: the titre-'•!
ber itself. No iriferionsoil could bend forth -
those enormous tt.unks,,. which int their 'up=:
ward `progress "spread their magnificent
-branehes• to the t skiesii and often gear that';
heads to the am zing height of three httn-' l '
dred feet.'
Clatsati Plain , on the south ide of the .
Columbitcriver, near its mouth,embracing
an area of abo sixty square iiiiles, are' ,
amazingly fertil , being'compose of a richo
alluvial deposit, and producingl kinds 'of
vegetables in - the greatest abunda cc- Tho: 1
country around Puget'S Sound on the north'i
side of theliver, is altogether of a differintt
character.' The prairies are eitensiie - and';.
L e
beautiful.' The Isceneri mostdeli htful;'but:
strictlir' speaking, there is no 'a i t to ,
,thel
Country. : The prairie! Are' cov er ed with
shingle•Or- , ,small stones, with sc arc ely an) 4 ,
mixture• of earth. ,, Indeed there i - butftirt
places on u this - s omew h at exten..veAttacte
where any thin gcan be raised; 'AiteilPtal
have beetiiiade't
o redeeinit fro.. its 'native
baliennestr, but as yet. they have . :fidied r t'll l
The ma tioice t Bay Compan "t rtiti*e4t'
some 'oft , their ' ttrplui! ',popuht .. i' - ' -l ittlte . ir
river to this region, bilt,in . cmisqii ":ce:tiftliii'
i
sterility
,Oftlitr' uittry'itheystaat' i l'eifiiie'aii."'l
. cciftrage();?'and, though con,tie `.. 'to '.' thi
wiShes'afibee tigian.T they : ilfidiaiiiii. l
ed the - PUCCI:in laveAettledr=el ' iilleie.
And, - -yee,thia 'region liatiicti - seated - 4i
distinguished - abbe foit'ithe' Isiihi .riti,'of Its' .
elitaite. - had:' the ' fertill4';of its oil.''''Tliti(l
eliainte - Viddied, ' deli ghtful; ad_ the Weil ii . ifi
r l d
exceedingly Aii dOingand'eati' :icier peslF''
iiiil4' l,L :reecivit: 'froth' its extre" ,, ii beirreirif»!
rises: i- ' i = l` , .. S, - ~. i!' ' .+- ' ` ` 71 .--
' 'Prldii*'diffeiviit parts of Q 4 1, 4 10gi%
*11'6 . 0 , 1)3 - F*le Ceiviliti' and ' . : iiiiithifid
Ora' On2theirioriffiiide of the Cal' iiibil?iiiir . '.
L I
those, 41-Ifiiii ios %I thipnViiiiie , taitlfrapr
lati!ettefivith , i numerous trib iskiiiiiiiir.
qiegiittgua: - .an `:Clikanotli rive' 'fio'fipiti e
pinpiefititniably' 'a - 1626k feriile. he.ifOet '-:
eltheliriillitutefe,wltteli itiibra.'4**g..
0r25,000 ±utPar - mdcil;l B 'im# .
~ litetilY 7 tW
ittl,
titled tojihei. tip - llatioa Pf the'l''''. . i*:. 4 C.IF. , ':-
g . 'otti - '..lllier'lle , l ' '..' 2 4,l4:*r.:`'ia . ...it'ail 4- -
though , :thIC ' er will 'Alacii iti - kef , Te 4
kinds 4IP-. - . soi l. all: -- theiiiiiiii, •• ': *ll BO
!CAC pla'eetrui-lritindy'sok itt. - ot ' a
- '
1:01ymuil:oltit
the nut&