THE IRISH EMIGRANT.
BT LADY DUFFEBIN.
I'm sitting on the stile, Mary,
Where we sat side by side,
On a bright May morning long ago,
When first you were my bride.
The corn was springing fresh and green,
And the lark sang loud and high,
'And the red was on your lip, Mary,
And the love light in your eye.
The place is little changed, Mary,
The day's as bright as then;
The lark s loud song is in my car,
And the corn is green again.
But I miss the soft clasp of your hand,
And your warm breath on my cheek,
'And I still keep listening for the words
You never more may speak.
*Tii but a step down yonder lane,
The village church stands near—
The church where we were wed, Marv.
I see the spire from here.
: WHAT HAPPENED TO
THE BULLION-BOX
By H. J. HER.VEY, Late of the ln<
Saharunpore,
[This story was related to the author by
Mr. Hope Kavanagh, the District Superin
tendent of Police at Saharunpore. It de
scribes how a native banker resorted to
deception in order to safeguard a casd~of
bullion which he was sending by rail to a
customer, and how by a clever trick the
contents of the box were stolen en route,
the unhappy banker being precluded from
prosecuting the thieves, although they were
discovered, through the possibility of
being involved in severe penalties himself.]
THE firm of Bhugwandass, Jey
lcissen, Singh & Co., bankers
and merchants, of Kangrl,
was one of the wealthiest
Concerns In Upper India. With a far
teaching connection all over the penin-
BjrlQ—and even farther—old Bhugwan
dass, the principal, was wont to boast
that his signature stood equally good
London as In Lahore, and that he
Oould give yon n hoondee which
■would be honored with the same
promptitude in Chicago as In Calcutta.
Among the employes of the firm was
a certain Tbotarnm, the son of a for
mer client. Failing at the entrance ex
amination for the subordinate Civil
Service he had been taken on by Bhug
wandass as an English writer. At the
time referred to In this story Thota
ram had been some ten years in the
Arm's employ, and for a mere copyist
he had risen, through undoubted merit
and perseverance, to the comparatively
responsible post of confidential clerk
to the managing partner.
Now, while we must suppose that
iThotaram had during his career been
subject to temptations, the equal In
ference Is that he had hitherto suc
ceeded In withstanding all assaults on
his moral rectitude. Anyhow, up to
the period I am writing of the man's
record was clean, nnd lie was looked
on by all, from Bhugwandass down-
Ward, as the exemplification of unim
peachable Integrity. He had worked
himself into the good graces of his pa
tron; he was ever willing, hard-work
ing and ready to please. Often, when
others had cleared out at the recog
nized closing time, Thotaram would lie
found somewhere about, prepared to
<3o anything tlint might be wanted—
ffom Igniting Bhugwandass's hookah
and placing It before lilm to drawing
up a promissory note, unlocking the
strong room, and counting out 1000 ru
pees or so for some belated borrower.
One day the bank had occasion to
tend a consignment of bar silver to a
correspondent named Pusa, a gold and
Bllver smith residing near the small
town of Nnglna, distant about three
hours' journey by rail. The bullion,
valued at 4000 rupees, after being duly
weighed by Thotaram, was packed
tind nailed down by him In a stout deal
box—all under Bhugwandass's imme
diate supervision—and the ease was
then deposited on the floor close to the
principal's desk. At noon, when most
of the employes left the building for
the usunl lunch hour, Bhugwandass
BigTicd to Thotaram to remain. When
the office had emptied the old man
called the clerk to him and said, in the
vernacular: "Did you hear of that ease
about n box of sovereigns being broken
Into during transit by rail between
Agra and Bombay?"
"Yes, sir," replied Thotaram, In the
same tongue. "I read an account of It
In the Amrlta."
"Well," continued the principal, sink
ing his voice to n whisper, "we must
nvoid running any such risk! I have
got a good idea. Take some black paint
and address that case of bar silver to
Pusa, Soonar, Soonarl Bazaar, Nagl
na.'
The clerk did as he was ordered.
"Now. above the address, write 'Old
Nails' in large letters, till In the con
signment note in the same manner, and
go yourself to book the box at the rail
way station. See that the weight tal
lies with ours, and do not talk to the
railway people nbout the case. Take it
carelessly in a bullock cart with you,
and go quite alone, so as to cause no
suspicion as to the valuable nature of
Its contents."
Thotarnm carried out these instruc
tions to the letter. On his return to the
kotbi (bank) lie sought out Blmgwan
dass and handed him the consignment
note. He ended up by asking for a
week's leave, to proceed to his native
place near Bareilly. After transacting
his errand nt the goods slied he had
strayed, he said, on to the passenger
platform, and among the travelers in a
train that happened to arrive he met n
fellow-townsman, who had Informed
blm of his uncle's serious Illness; It
wa for the purpose of visiting thla reh
But the graveyard lies between, Mary,
And mv step might break your rest,
Where I've laid you, darling, down to
sleep
With your baby on your breast.
I'm very lonely now, Mary,
For the poor make no new friends;
But, oh, they love the better
The few our Father sends.
And you were all I had, Mary,
My blessing and my pride;
There's nothing left to care for now,
Since my poor Mary died.
I'm bidding you a long farewell,
My Mary kind and true,
But I'll not forget you, darling,
In the land I'm going to.
They say there's bread and work for all,
And tne sun shines always there,
But I'll not forget old Ireland,
Were it fifty times less fair.
idian Government Telegraph Service,
N.W.P., India.
atlve that he now craved the Indulg
ence.
The request was granted and, after
profusely thanking his patron, the
confidential clerk withdrew. Instead,
however, of proceeding to his village,
Thotaram, disguising himself as an in
fantry havlldar or sergeant on the look
out for recruits, took the next train
to Nagina. He was well aware that
the ease of "old nails" would not ar
rive for another four days by goods
train, so he had time to mature his
plans. He first set to work to ingra
tiate himself with the handful of na
tive employes at the small station,
which was easily done. He knew there
were no military In those parts, and,
being a well-set-up fellow, he was able
not only to pass himself off success
fully as a recruiting sergeant, but re
ceived permission, as such, to put up
on the premises till the people poured
in to the local fair, which he gave out
he was golug to attend. In a noncha
lant manner, and not too hurriedly, he
sauntered off to the little mal godam,
or goods shed, where he found the sln
gle clerk, n Bengali named Illralal
Seal, doing nothing In particular. Ex
erting all his inherent affability Tho
taram speedily established a good un
derstanding with the halm (clerk), and
by closing time lie had pretty well as
sured himself that the latter would
prove only too ready to fall in with his
views. Seal, for his sins, had been
shunted to this great distance from
Lower Bengal; ho was an Idle, disso
lute fellow, but had so far been able
to escape the consequences of his bad
conduct through the Influence of senior
relatives holding respectable positions
in the head oftieo of the railway.
That evening the two met by ap
pointment, and Thotaram, Intuitively
divining the shortest road to the ba
bu's heart, treated him to a regular
jaunt, after the native Idea. Thotaram
paid for everything throughout, much
to the Bengali's admiration and envy.
He bemoaned his state of chronic im
pecuniosity and his wretched salnry
of twenty-five rupees a month.
This was precisely the state of mind
Thotaram desired his comrade to be in.
Seated with the balm on the station
yard fencing, preparatory to parting
for the night, little by little the schem
er unfolded his plan. He found Seal
not only pliant, but eager to partici
pate, mid before they separated the
two young scoundrels had agreed to
help themselves to the contents of a
certain case marked "Old Nails" the
moment it should turn up at the Nagi
na goods shed.
In due course the precious case ar
rived and was unloaded at the goods
shed. Thotaram, by now a privileged
loiterer—especially in that part of the
station premises presided over by .Steal
—took occasion to examine the box.
He felt satisfied It was intact; in exact
ly the same state as when booked by
him at Kangri. That evening Seal cas
ually mentioned to the chotfkidars
(watchmen) and porters that as ho had
some returns to get through he should
not leave the shed till late. He ordered
the lamp-man to prepare a lamp and
place it in his partitioned office; had
all the doors and exits except one se
cured, and told all the underlings to go
home, but to return punctually at !),
and that he would lie responsible for
things in the meanwhile. Native-like,
and nothing loth, the whole posse
cleared out, and hardly had the last
man disappeared when Thotaram,
stealing up to and tapping gently at the
unbarred door, was admitted by ills
confederate. The two had prepared
everything beforehand cold chisels,
hammer, pincers and. what was more
important than nil, a plentiful supply
of old nails, which had been collected
and smuggled in during the interval of
waiting.
After thoroughly searching every
dark corner of the shed, and even walk
ing twice round its exterior to assure
themselves that no one watched them
through possible cracks and Assures In
the woodwork, they put the case on the
platform scales, carefully noted the
weight, compared it with that entered
in the invoice, and then gingerly
opened the box. This done, they took
out the silver bars, and then, emptying
the case of the cleats used to hold the
precious metal immobile, they replaced
the box on the weighing machine and
crammed ill old nails till the original
weight had been arrived at. After this
they carefully re-nailed the lid, using
♦1" same boles, aud the first act In the
robbery had been accomplished! Tbey
then descended to the permanent-way
which ran through the shed. Here they
dug n hole, kindled a fire, set an Iron
pot thereon, and melted two of the four
bars at a time. This was a very neces
sary operation, as the Ingots bore the
impress of the consigners. This work
finished, the two conspirators obliter
ated all traces of the fire, threw the
melting-pot into the well, and each
concenling on his person his portion of
the "swag" they calmly awaited the
return of the elioukldars and porters.
On the forenoon of the next day Pusa
came for his case. Everything was in
order; the consignee produced the rail
way receipt, it was compared with the
invoice, the weight of the box was ver
ified, the book signed, delivery taken
and the old silversmith set out on his
return Journey to his village, carrying
the box with him in a bullock-cart. In
the meanwhile a few days' leave being
due to Hlrnlel Seal that youth applied
for and obtained It. He hnd decided
on spending it in a holiday at Kangri,
the delights of which town Thotaram
hnd already Impressed him with. Here,
too, Thotaram said they would find no
difficulty in converting their plunder
into current coin of the realm.
The two therefore returned to Kan
gri with a hardihood and effrontery al
most Inconceivable, and the confiden
tial clerk resumed his duties. But on
the very night of their arrival Thota
ram was seen in the company of a
young Bengali babu, a stranger to Kan
gri, at a native theatre, occupying
front-row seats. Further, when Jn
hoora, a famous dancer and heroine
of the piece, at the conclusion of the
performance applied to the audience
for largess, it was noticed that Thota
ram and his Bengali companion each
gave her a handful of rupees. These
curious facts reached the ears of Bliug
wandass the next morning, and that
afternoon, while the banker was in the
middle of admonishing his protege on
the evils attending extravagnnce there
ensued a commotion in the outer court,
and amid a storm of lamentations Pusa
was introduced. He and a servant car
ried between them nothing less than
the case.
"Behold, MaharnJ!" cried Pusa, ad
dressing the hanker, as lie tore open
the lid and disclosed the interior
chock full of rusty nails. "Behold
what you scut me In return for my re
mittance of 4000 rupees!"
For a short while consternation pre
vailed, but Bhugwandass's suspicions
dkl not take long in assuming shape.
He pieced the whole thing together in
a few seconds. Thotaram's knowledge
of the contents, his OWD overweening
confidence In the fellow, especially
with reference to the false declaration
and false superscription, Thotaram's
departure on leave, fitting in so well
with n new friend, and last, not least,
the happenings of the night before at
tlie native theatre—all tended to con
firm the old banker's opinion that one
at least of the culprits stood before
him. Ordering Thotaram not to stir
from his presence, Bhugwandnss in
structed one of his clerks to find Tho
taram's companion, and, under a pre
tended message from that youth him
self, to Inveigle the stranger to the
bank. The emissary succeeded In find
ing his man, and in half an hour's
time returned with the Bengali.
Addressing the precious pair the
hanker accused them point blank of
concocting and perpetrating the rob
bery, and asked them if they hnd
aught to say in extenuation of their of
fence before he called In the police.
Thotaram was speechless, but Seal
was not so easily disposed of.
"What," asked lie, "did the railway
consignment note declare the contents
to lie? The invoice, the receipt handed
In by the consignee, arid tlie superscrip
tion oil the box itself nil notified the
same thing—'old nails,' weighing so
much, and 'old nails' of the specified
weight were duly delivered to Pusa,
the consignee. Why, then, do you ac
cuse us of stealing your bar silver?
Who beyond yourself Is there to say
that the contents were bar silver?
Even granted such to bo the case, who
saw us take It out? Who saw us even
as much as tamper with the box?
Where are the slgus of any such tam
pering?"
"All the circumstances point toward
you and Thotaram being the robbers,"
rejoined Bhugwaiidass, somewhat ir
resolutely.
"Assuming that we are," retorted
Seal, insolently, "supposing you have
us apprehended, and the affair goes be
fore the magistrate, how will you ex
plain your false declaration of the con
tents of the case? You have rendered
yourself liable to a prosecution under
the Railway Act for misrepresenting
tlie contents of your box. Come!" he
shouted, seeing the effect that his
words had on the unhappy banker,
"take us before the magistrate. You
shall tell your story, I will tell mine!
lie will ask for nil the documents 1
have mentioned, and when he peruses
them, who will 110 convict—me of rob
bery, without a scrap of evidence to
support it, cr you of false declaration
—to prove which these documents will
speak, let alone tlie words 011 the box?"
As he finished speaking he gazed at
tlie banker triumphantly, hut the lat
ter only knitted his lirows in woebe
gone perplexity.
He realized only too well that Bliug
wandass, Jeyklssen, Singh & Co. were
powerless to move hand or foot. The
scoundrelly Seal had them, as it were,
"on toast." All rbey could do they did,
and Thotaram was dismissed from
their employ, hut Seal got off scot-free.
That was all that happened to the per
petrators of as impudent and bare
faced a robbery as had ever been
known to have been committed on au
Indian railway. But Bhugwaudass.
Jeyklssen. Singh & Co. no longer send
bullion under the guise of "o!il nails."
—The W""-> World Magazine
ITHE OLD ENGLISH SUNDAY.
How tli Day AVas Observed Prior to 11).
Kngllih Revolution.
For a considerable period prior to the
English revolution. Sunday was n day
of great festivity and high revelry in
the old country. Incredible though it
may appear, Its observance was gov
erned and ordered by a paradoxical
royal declaration, Issued by King
James I. This document is generally
known as "The Book of Sports." In
its preamble it recites a royal rebuke,
administered to "some Puritanes and
precise people" for "prohibiting o' un
lawful punishing of Our good people
fo: using their lawfull Itecreations and
honest exercises upon Snndayes and
other holy days, after the nfternoone
sermon or service," and then it refers
to "the gencrall complaint of our peo
ple, that they were barred from all
lawful Recreation and exercise upon
the Sundayes afternoone, which cannot
but produce two evils; the one, the liin
dering of the conversion of many,
whom their priests will take occasion
hereby to vexe, persuading them that
no honest mirth or recreation is law-,
fully or tollerable in our Religion,
which cannot but breed a great dis
content in our people's hearts; the other
inconvenience Is, that this prohibition
barreth the common and meaner sort
of people from using such exercises as
may make their bodies more able for
Warre, when we or our successors
shall have occasion to use them."
The follows the royal mandate "that
no lawful Recreation shall be barred to
our good People," and "The Bishop and
all other inferior Churchmen and
Churchwardens" are enjoined to "bee
carefull and diligent, both to instruct
the ignorant and convince and reforme
them that are misled in religion." "Our
pleasure likeylse is, That the Bishop of
the Diocese take the like straight order
with all the Puritans and Precisians
within the same, cither constraining
them to conforme themselves, or to
leave the country according to the
Dawes of Our Kiugdome and Canons
of our Church." The declaratiou pro
ceeds to define "lawful Recreation" as
"Dancing, either men or women.
Archorie for men, leaping, vaulting, or
any oilier such harmlesse Recreation,
Including May-games, Whltsun-Ales,
and Morris-dances, and the setting up
of May-poles and other sports there
with used. But withnll wee doe here
accompt still as prohibited all unlaw
full games to be used upon Sundayes
onely, as Bcare and Bull-baitings, In
terludes, and at all times in the meaner
sort of People by Law prohibited,
Bowling." A penalty was Inflicted
upon those who did not join in the
Sunday sports, and no one could take
part in them without having first at
tended divine service in the parish
church, which was also enforced under
pain of penalty!
In those days the clergymen would,
in obedience to the royal decree, pub
licly recite the "Book of Sports" from
the pulpit; after divine service, he,
with his churchwardens, would pro
ceed with the congregation on to the
village green, there to indulge in all
kinds of "lawfull Recreation." While
the sports were going on it was the
custom for the parson and his church
wardens to retire to the adjoining inn.
Starved to Collect Antiques.
An aged Frenchman in thread
bare clothes not only of the fashion
but of the nctual production of the
year 1800 dodged all his countrymen
through many years In Rome. A few
of these knew that his name was Au
guste Dutuit, and be was known to be
so desperately stingy that the opinion
gained currency that he was rich.
Through an old woman servant some
prying people also ascertained that the
old man was starving himself to death
for the want of decent food that he
could well enough afford to buy. But
it took him a long time to complete the
process; lie was ninety years old when
at last lie gave up the ghost—and he
had lived in Rome very much in this
way, seeing generations of his curious
countrymen come and go, for sixty
years! When at last he did die the fact
came out that he was a multi-million
aire—in francs—and had bequeathed to
the city of Paris, his native city, a col
lection of pictures, medals, prints, man
uscripts, bibelots, books and oilier
things valued at 3,000,000 francs. And
he had given not only these tilings, but
money enough to install them, and
property enough to take care of them
and provide them with a curator and
custodiuu. and also large bequests to
the city of Rouen, where his parents
came from, and to Marseilles, where
lie made most of ills money. All these
unsuspected years he had boon spend
ing, spending at Rome, to amass liis
collections, and saving, saving, in or
der that lie might spoiul more largely
He provides in his will that the mu
seum which lie bestows 011 Paris shall
tie freely accessible to nil t lie people
Therefore all Paris rings now with the
name of Anguste Dutuit, of whom it
never hoard before. But Paris won
ders at a temperament which led a
man to live thus scorned, despised, as
a miserable self-torturing fool, for the
sixty years that he spent in getting
things together to add to its instruc
tion and pleasure.—Harper's Weekly.
Proverb I'nrnsrrnplii*.
Wise saws of the aucicnts are more
or less rusty.
A strong miin is weak if lie has no
faitli in himself.
It is the guilty man who is always
afraid of his "shadow."
Tile more liasto the longer yon have
to wait for the other fellow.
It is tlie polished villain who beats
the bootblack out of his fee.
Many a man's crookedness is due to
his attempt to make Dotli ends meet.
liosslps arc not (0 blame if one-half
1 Hi* WU'-'.J duoao'l Lnuiv hu\ uie wthef
itntf lives.-Libitago Kens,
FARMERS THE RICHEST CLASS
IN THE UNITED STATES.
THE richest Individuals in the
United States are not farmers,
but the richest class, accord
ing to the latest census bul
letin, Is the farming class. This bul
letin gives the statistics for 1800, the
latest available, and according to these
figures, the lands, buildings, imple
ments and live stock of the farmers
in the United States are worth over
twenty billions of dollars. In com
parison with this the total manufac
turing capital In the country, from the
Steel Trust to the smallest factory, Is
a little less than ten billions, and the
total value of the railroads, counting
bonds and stock capitalization, is a
little less than twelve billions. The
farmers, therefore, are worth almost
as much as the manufacturers and rail
road magnates combined. Bradstreet's
notes that the manufacturing products,
( however, outvalue the farm products in
the ratio of $13,000,000,000 to $5,000,-
000,000, and notes that "every dollar
of manufacturing capital produces
$1.30 worth of product, while agricul
tural capital produces less than twen
ty-five cents' worth." How the profits
compare is not stated. Comparing the
farming industry with the railroads,
the New York Financier reckons that
the farmer is better off than the rail
roud magnate. It says;
"The farmer, so far as actual wealth
is concerned, is the capitalist of the
United States. The Census Bureau re
port on the value of farming property
of the country issued lust week, esti
mates that the 5,730,057 farms of the
United States are worth $10,074,090,-
247. Of this amount $3,5G0,108,191, or
21.4 per cent., represents the value of
buildings, and $13,114,402,050, or 87.G
per cent., the value of land and im
provements. Farm implements and
machinery arc worth $701,201,550, and
live stock $3,078,050,041, making the
total farming wealth over 20,514 mil
lions of dollars.
"This is undoubtedly a very low es
timate, but accepting it as correct, oth
er forms of industry pale beside it in
comparison. The value of the railway
systems of the United States, approx
imating 200,000 miles, is about 11,800
million dollars, counting bonds and
stock capitalization, or but a little over
half the farming wealth. The rail
ways, In fact, constitute the only sin
gle industry in the country which ap
proaches, even remotely, the stupen
dous totals revealed by the census
enumeration of (arming wealth. It is
impossible, of course, to compare the
operations of these two important di
visions of industry, for the simple rea
son that they are distinct in their re
sults, and the items which enter Into
one are not found in another. Still, It
is not without interest to classify as
far as possible the operating totals,
with the idea of affording a rough
approximation, at least, of income yield
on investment, etc.
"The railway systems of the United
States in 1000 reported gross earnings
o.f $1,501,095,378, or a little more than
12.0 per cent, on the total stock and
bond capitalization. The gross farm
income In 1800 was $3,704,177,700, and
the percentage of gross Income upon
investment was 18.3 per cent. It will
be seen that the farming industry made
out better than the railways. The net
earnings of the farmer cannot he cal
culated, but assuming the railway av
erages as applying cquully to both,
the expense of operation ranges some
where around 70 per cent."
Some may suppose that farming is
on the decline in this country; that
idea, indeed, is often expressed, and
young men are advised to enter some
other branch of industry. The Finan
cier says on this point, however:
"Rapid as the development of rail
ways has been, however, the rise in
farming wealth has been greater. Thus
the total value of farm property in the
United States in 1900 was more than
five times as great ns in ISSO, and
28.4 per cent, greater than In 1890. The
railway Industry was in its infancy in
in 1850, so that comparisons extending
bnek fifty years are unfair, but tak.'ng
1800 as a basis, it is found that railway
property, as indicated by total capital
ization, rose from 10,029 millions of
dollars in that year to 11.592 millions
in 1900. This Is an increase of 18.5
per cent, or nearly 10 per cent, less
than the increase in the value of
farms. In this connection recent in
vestigation of farm and railway values,
growing out of an attempt on the part
of the Legislature of lowa, to incronse
railway taxable values, may be cited.
Tlie claim was made that inasmuch
as tlie railways had increased their
earnings and enhanced share values,
assessments should rise in proportion.
Tlie railways opposed this proposition.
Without denying the faets, they con
tended that the appreciation of railway
values hnd not been as great as the
rise in realty values, and to prove this
a committee of attorneys representing
the principal railways began an inves
igation ol' farm values. Records of ac
tual sales publicly filed showed that
in the last half decade the average ap
preciation of land in lowa had been in
excess of S2O per acre. The present
value of farm lands in lowa is stated
by conservative authorities to he SSO
nu acre. If this is true, it follows that
In,live years the appreciation has been
00 2-3 per cent., which is much in ex
cess of the riso of railway values. The
figures give an idea of the enormous
rise in agricultural wealth. lowa has
gained alone in the salable value of her
farming lands in five years an amount
much in excess of tlie total capital in
vested in hanking in the State, and
the same ratio of rise holds good In
many other agricultural sections.
"The farmer, considered in every,
light, is an individual much to be en
vied. As a class, he is prosperous as
never before; his capital account, as
represented in the value of his plant,-
Is appreciating, and his iucorne yield,
based on present prices of his product,
is above that of other industries, or
avenues of commercial investment. It
Is idle to repeat that he forms the real
backbone of the country, and none will
begrudge him the easy pnth into which
he seems to have entered. As long as
he is prosperous, the country has noth
ing to fear in the way of Industrial
depression."
Where Do Salmon Feed T
There is no family of fish more Inter
esting than the salmon, and in no other
fishery have the benefits of artificial
propagation been more clearly demon
strated. The homing instinct of the
salmon enabled the propagators of fry
to learn, at the beginning of their
work that it was worth doing. Salmon
hatched In any stream usually return
to that stream when they are of spawn
ing age. The propagators reared sal
mon to the size of fingerlings, marked
them and turned them loose. In due
time the marked fish returned and
were caught in the home stream. It is
a curious fact, however, that, in spite
of the homing instinct salmon are
found at the spawning season in the
brackish water at the foot of Alaskan
glaciers, where, it is believed, no tlsb
was ever hatched.
Another curious fact,learned through
marking the artificially propagated fish,
is that n flngerllng weighing from one
to two ounces may grow to weigh from
two to ten pounds in six or eight
months, and in two years a weight <Jf
forty pounds has been reached. The
growth depends, of course, on the food
supply. But where salmon feed and
what they feed on have not yet been
learned. It is supposed that they find
small marine animals so numerous In
their deep-sea haunts that they swim
about "as if in a soup." Perhaps the
deep-sea haunts will sometime be dis
covered.—John R. Spears, in Success.
Becret of Blaking Cast Steel Stolen. *'l
The history of cast f steel presents a
curious instance of a secret stealthily
obtained under the cloak of nn appeal
to philanthropy. In 1700 there lived at
Attercliff, England, a watchmaker
named Huntsman. He became dissat
isfied with the watch springs in use
and set himself to the task of making
them homogeneous. He succeeded, his
steel became famous and about 1770 a
large manufactory of this peculiar
steel was established at Attercliff. The
process was wrapped in mystery,,
faithful men were hired, high wages,,
paid and stringent oaths administered.
One midwinter night, as the tall chim
neys of the Attercliff steel works
belched forth smoke, a traveler
knocked at the gate. It was bitterly
cold and the stranger awakened no
suspicion. Moved by motives of hu
manity the foreman let him in. Feign
ing to be worn out with cold the fellow
sank upon the floor ahd soon appeared
to be asleep. That, however, was far
from his intention. He saw workmen
cut bars oT steel into bits, place them
In crucibles and thrust the crucibles
into the furnaces. The fire was urged
to extreme heat until the steel was
melted and then drawn out and poured
in liquid forms into molds. Mr. limits
man's factory had nothing more to dis
close; the secret of making cast steel
had been stolen.—Mining and Engi
neering Review.
New Money For Old.
There is an unprecedented demand
for new money. In reaching out for
the evidence of wealth aesthetic taste
is asserting itself in the choice of the
tokens of prosperty. New, clean, crisp
notes are in demand, and persons do
not hesitate to ask for them, There is a
strongly asserted objection to receiving
old, dirty, crumpled paper money that
looks as though it might be a vehicle
for all sorts of disease germs.
This fact is in evidence at the win
dow of every bank paying teller in the
land and at the cash counter of every
store.
"Please give me new money." and
"Will you give me a cleaner bill in
place of this one";" are requests heard
thousands of times every day. These
requests are having their effect so fat
that there is a growing tendency t.
pay out only the clean, unobjection
able money. It is an illustration of the
old truth that people get what they
want and insist on having.
Every bank will verify this fact. Old
and objectionable bills go into them,
but they do not go out to their cus
tomers. They go to the redemption
division of the National Treasury,
where they are exchanged for new
money and then destroyed. That de
partment reports nn immense increase
in this branch of its business—New
York Herald.
How to Hum Soft Coal.
That there is an art in burning soft
coal is admitted by all who have long
been accustomed to its use. J. W.
liartness, who has had thirty years'
experience in Cleveland, Ohio, with all
qualities of bituminous, says: "If users
of soft coal will follow these direc
tions they will burn more smoke and
less coal for a given amount of heat.
Never throw fresh coal on a lire;
push the live fire back and drop the
fresh coal in front, a few shovelfuls at
a time. This is the principle that all
successful stokers work on. It will
cost nothing to try it"—New York
Press.