FREELAND TRIBUNE.
EoU'clishol 1888.
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FREELAND, PA., APRIL 1(5, 1902.
BREVITIES.
The tea pills, fourteen to the ounce,
of a Caucasus grower are simply com
pressed tea in a convenient form for
travelers.
The leading industries of California
are In close rivalry as to annual prod
uct. Sugar and slaughtering each pro
duce about $15,000,000, while lumber,
Hour and fruits each show about $13,-
300,000.
During the past year not a single
case of smallpox lias occurred among
the staff of the London smallpox hos
pitals, indicating that careful revaeci
nation is an absolute safeguard against
that disease.
Several of the smaller British tobac
co manufacturers outside the English
trust have been forced to suspend
work by the keenness of the competi
tion between the American und Brit
ish syndicates.
IMgmentophngus is a name which
has been applied by M*. Metchnikoff, a
bacteriologist, to certain micro-organ
isms which lie claims devour the color
ing pigments of the hair and are the
cause of baldness.
During the lust twenty years the con
sumption of eggs has enormously in
creased in Great Britain and now rep
resents annually an estimated sum of
£13,000,000, £5,500,000 of which goes to
foreign importers.
The new flying machine of M. Henri
Villard of Paris is a magnificent gyro
scope, the revolving toy popular some
years ago. The wheel is twenty-two
feet in diameter, and the power is
from a gasoline motor.
Chinatown, San Francisco, lias four
dailies printed in its own language.
The types are 11,000 in number. Set
ting 4,000 characters is a day's work,
which takes twelve hours of walking
about in the typerooin.
The sugar syndicate of Spain, which
embraces ajl manufactories of that
commodity, for three years will limit
the output to 80,000 tons, dividing that
quantity between the manufacturers in
proportion to their respective capacity.
Three electric furnaces are to be
built in Tennessee, each with an eight
thousand horsepower electric plant.
They will be independent of the steel
trust, but will work in harmony with
other electrical plants which are pro
jected in the south and west.
The silver coins of Hawaii are being
retired as fast as they are received by
the federal and territorial oilicials In
the course of their public business.
These coins wore nil minted in 1883.
They amount to $1,000,000, of which
sum about SOOO,OOO is still iu circula
tion.
The ascent of the Weisshorn by a
young Englishman named liyan, only
eighteen years old, has created a great
deal of interest in Switzerland. He
was accompanied by three guides. It
was so cold at the great height that
the champagne they had brought with
them froze solid, and they had to eat it
instead of drinking it.
Icelnnd is about to obtain home rule.
King Christian of Denmark has called
for an extraordinary meeting of the
altliing to consider a reform of the con
stitution. A plan to be submitted is
the appointment of a minister for Ice
land, who shall fie acquainted with
Icelandic and shall reside at UeikjavJk
instead of Copenhagen.
The last forest of Paris is about to
disappear. It is situated at 40 Hue
St. Gervais and is composed of oaks
and elm trees entangled in a network
of impenetrable creepers. It is partly
on a slope and partly in a ravine,
through which a small stream flows.
The Vioux Paris commission has de
clined to reclaim this curious an
tiquity.
If all the petroleum produced last
year in the United States was put in
standard barrels and the barrels placed
in a row touching each other, the line
would completely belt the earth.
Enough coal was produced to give
three and a half tons to every one of
the 70,000,000 persons in the United
States and enough gold to give every
American a gold dollar.
It is proposed to erect in connection
with the old St. Paul's Episcopal
church, Edinburgh, Scotland, a chapel
as a memorial to Dr. Sea bury, the first
Episcopal bishop of Connecticut, who
attended services there when he was a
student in Edinburgh. Bishops Pot
ter of New York and Brewster of Con
necticut have issued an appeal to
American Episcopalians for subscrip
tions.
ART FOR CONVICTS.
UNIQUE SOLUTION OFFERED FOR
PRISON LABOR PROBLEM.
Tlioy Could Produce Articles of Art
nnd Ilcunty That Would Not Com
pete With Free Labor, and the Con
victs Would Re Reformed.
Today a solution of the vexing prob
lem of prison labor lies at the very door
of the Anticonvict Labor league. It is
so palpable nnd significant that I can
hut marvel at the neglect which our re
formers have shown It. Has it ever oc
curred to our interested friends that
soul saving can piny an important part
In the great question of prison reform?
Let me begin with the de facto as
sumption that there is dignity in labor
both in and out of prison. It seems
that the question has at last been nar
rowed down as to what work the con
vict shall be given to do. My sugges
tion is that work which shall serve to
reflect a higher ideal of existence, a
better definition of what life is, what it
means and its ultimatum, is what is
needed In our prisons.
One visit to the Illinois penitentiary
is quite enough to set any liumnno
mind to thinking. Under the merciless
lash of greed the convict is driven
hourly, daily, and you can but wonder
what reason he has for so much haste.
You might be led to think that his life
had been shortened by some of the
wiles of fortune or misfortune and that
he must of needs crowd two years into
one to catcli up.
In the years 1559 and ISGO, when the
Joliet prison was being built, a relative
of mine being a guard therein, I used
to follow squads of prisoners up into
the groat stone quarries, where I saw
them slaving in the torrid sun until
they dropped from prostration. Thirty
or forty years later I made tours
through that institution and watched
the discipline to which the men were
subjected. It was the same. The body
was being punished, and no one seemed
to entertain a thought that the menial
prisoner was possessed of a soul worth
saving.
Time goes on, and our labor agitation
develops the fact that the goods turned
out under the state contracts came in
direct competition with the labor of
honest citizens. This is but natural, a
working out of the Inevitable law of
human progress. Now, is this not proof
that something very radical must be
done—be done, I mean, after all the
mooted experiments of mere muscular
labor have been tried in vain?
Let me stgte my theory in brief. In
stead of work that shall produce the
greatest amount of goods why not plan
work for the convict that shall take the
longest possible time to complete—a
work, for example, that shall contain
ideals just a little above the prisoner's
artistic powers of conception?
Under discreet tutelage articles of
great beauty could be turned out. Let
time cut no figure whatever. Let the
idea of perfect work he the one object
in view. Let the best of discipline pre
vail and let the work embody an ideal
of symmetry, finish and design. Very
sterile indeed must be the human soul
that could not be made better by means
thus employed, which is confessedly
the one aim of prison discipline after
we have sifted the matter to the bot
tom.
What might we do with these arti
cles of value? Adorn our public build
ings with them. Sell them to the
wealthy classes to adorn their homes
and use the proceeds thus derived to
buy raw material for more goods like
them. Set them up in our parks and
boulevards and let them serve to ele
vate the ideals and tastes of the multi
tude. In all conscience they might bet
ter be destroyed outright than to allow
our prisons to turn out the necessaries
of common life.
Only a few of our leading minds
seem to see what the present situation
presages. It means in reality that
mere body punishment taken alone is
wrong, out of date and un-Cliristlan,
and that public sentiment is tiring of
shutting up the criminal and then
I turning him loose a worse vagabond
1 than when he commits his crime. Once
; show an erring mortal how poor in
spirit he is and you have meted out
to him a greater punishment than can
be possible in any other way. A per
son who is hardy enough to commit a
crime is hardy enough to go to prison
or be hanged for it, and very often
without even a grimace of discomfort.
Now, suppose that the criminal shall
j he confronted with an education rather
| than body labor wholly. As soon as a
glimmer of light is once let into his
1 soul the remorse he then suffers will
' amply punish him for all his misdeeds,
whereas if he remains in total dark
ness he has been made worse instead
of better. When this glimmer of light
has reached his soul, then let him
come up higher. Let him be given
work to do that is refining, elevating.
Let our prisons build superfluous
articles which only the most wealthy
people can afford to buy. Let the nec
essaries of life be produced by the
artisan whose sense of right doing
keeps him outside the prison walls.
I do not need once to refer to the ulti
mate effect of this upon society. It
could not help but be a betterment
from the first.
I These are high pressure times, and
we are moving forward at a furious
pare. To keep abreast with the devel
opments of social reform we must
think hard and fust, be humane and
love our neighbor as oursclf, even
though that neighbor in his blindness
goes out and commits a crime against
civic law. The doctrine of an eye for
an eye did very well ages ago. Today
it is out of place and barbarous in the
sense of pure justice.—Alwyu M. Tliur
ber iu Chicago Uecord-Ueruld.
TRALIES UNION MOVEMENT, j
It I* Ably Defined by One of It* Fore- I
nioMt Champions.
Frank K. Foster, the labor lender, ad
dressed the Twentieth Century club ,
the other afternoon on strikes and the
trades union movement.
The trades unions, said he, had their
birth in the conditions and necessities
of the wage earner's life. It lias passed
through its period of persecution and
has won its way to recognition by the
captains of industry. The trades union
is a militant organization, not a play or 1
a mutual admiration societv organized 1
for ornamental purposes. organiz
ed to make some people let go of oppor
tunities who would not let go unless
pressure was brought to bear upon j
them.
As a rule the trades union recognizes |
the strike as a legitimate weapon not
to be apologized for, but as legitimate
as any other attempt of dealers in any
community to control by lawful meth- I
ods the price of that commodity. We |
accept John Stuart Mills' view that a
strike is wrong when it is foolish.
The mistake is often made of con
founding n trades union with a strik
ing machine. The trades union is not a
machine primarily for the purpose of
carrying out strikes. It practices the
graces of fraternity and extends the
helping hand of benevolence, of char
ity, and the larger portion of this ac
tivity is directed into other channels
than those of active coercion.
Out of $4,500,(KX) spent by the Cigar
Makers' International union during the
past twenty years less than 15 per cent
of that amount was devoted to strike
purposes, and that is an organization
which has the reputation of being a
lighting organization. In this common
wealth only IV2 per cent of the activi
ties of the labor people is along the
line of strikes. The papers, we must re
member, pay much more attention to
strikes than their relative frequency
warrants.
The trades unions give men the hope
of better things. They educate men in
the sense of human solidarity and
toacli them they have duties as well as
rights. The trades union objects to
standing as a sponsor for all strikes
that take place. It stands for the vital
principal that the community of labor
should have the power to determine in
degree the conditions under which that
commodity shall be disposed of. This
is the ethical justification of many
things in the labor movement frhich to
the outside world may seem illogical
and unwarranted in the accepted polit
ical axioms.
In ninety-nine out of a hundred cases
the officials of trades unions are men
who set themselves most strongly and
firmly against rash and unconsidered
action. There does come a time when
we need a strike, for if unfair employ
ers persist in their refusals the strike
is the only resource.
Mr. Foster referred to the sympathet
ic strike, urging that the motives which
prompted men thus to take the part of
men whom they had never seen were
chivalrous and praiseworthy in tlie
highest degree and showed feelings of
sympathy and a capacity for self sacri
fice of which all might be proud. The
speaker also urged that the men who
thus temporarily threw up their jobs
had an ethical claim to those jobs and
should he taken back by the employers.
In closing Mr. Foster said: "Our so
cial struggles are to be settled by the
touch of man with man, by the human
relationship between employer and em
ployed, each showing consideration for
the other. Until that tipie comes the
strike is the last resort of organized la
bor."—Boston Herald.
For Fanlt Finders.
As soon as jou elect your olllcers be
gin to mistrust and find fault with
them.
Hake most of every little difference
that occurs and blazon it abroad to tlie
world.
If you cannot have your own way,
make sure that the union is going to
the dogs.
Make much of the little mechanical
rules by which the uuion Is to work
and keep In the background the real
motive for Its existence.
Always predict failure of any plan
that is adopted.
When any scheme docs fail, always
remind the members that you said it
would.
Always take the word of an enemy
in preference to the word of a friend.
Always tie ready to get your back up.
Remember your inalienable right to
find fault.
Carry these rules out, and if your
union does not fail it will not ho your
fault.
(This piece was prepared in New
South Wales, and after being used
| with good effect in Australia found its
way here. There is a counterpart to
I the story which is headed "How to
! Make It Succeed." The first rule says,
I "Stick to your union like a leech.")—
Leather Workers' Journal.
Tonne Unionists.
The union of junior machinists re
j ecntly formed in Chicago is proving a
success, more than 100 boys having al
ready joined. Similar unions have been
! organized in New York, Pittsburg, Mil
j waukee, St. Louis, Kansas City, Oma
ha, San Francisco, Cleveland and Phil
adelphia. Boys of any age who have
worked six months at the trade are eli
gible. and the older men say that the
hoys who join and lake an active inter
est in organization work tire certain to
j become good unionists when they be
-1 come journeymen.
Fighting the Padrone System.
! Opposition to the padrone system has
del eloped into active competition in
the hands of the Society For the Pro
tection of Italian Immigrants, a com
petition which has as its object to
make the padrone's evil ways uuproiit
-1 a hie.
PEOPLE OF THE DAY
Has PnsNoil Foursrore.
April 3 was the eightieth birthday of
Edward Everett Hale, and in his honor
a great celebration, including a ban
quet. was arranged by his fellow citi
zens of Boston and Cambridge. Many
men celebrated in educational and lit
erary lines participated in the cere
monies of the memorable occasion.
Ih\ linle was the lifelong friend of
Holmes and the contemporary of Em-
DR. EDWARD EVERETT HALE.
frson, Longfellow and Lowell. He
•amo into prominence first when, as a
very young man. lie became pastor of
the Old South church of Boston, with
which nearly all the work of his life j
has been more or less intimately asso- 1
eiated. lie has written many books,
novels, biographies, works of travel
and tales, besides innumerable maga
zine and newspaper articles, and lias
always been active in the philanthropic
work of the broader sort.
Annie Ituß*eir Home.
Some one lias been raising the ire of
Annie Russell by proclaiming the fact
that her home looks like the inside of
a boarding house kept by a decayed
gentlewoman. As Miss Russell's one
fad, outside her profession, is the col
lection of genuine antiquities und val
uable house furnishings, this was rath
er hard upon tlie little actress. 111 all
her home there Is nothing of later date
than colonial furniture, and her "brown
study," as her friends call her special
sanctum, lias cost as much as the
filled Jewel cases of many of her sis
ters in the profession.
Genuine Japanese paintings over a
thousand years old adorn the walls
and in their delicate and suppressed
coloring blend in with the creams and
browns of embroidered satin curtains
and inlaid mahogany'furniture of the
Louis XV. period. It is probable that
no home in New York contains so many
real antiques. Miss Russell laugh
ingly says that the only modern tiling
about it is a magnificent picture of her
self painted by Alexander and present
ed to her by the artist.
HUH Slnrtleil SHeiitintn.
I)r. Jacques Locb lias startled the
world's scientific men and awakened
the interest of all who notice current
events by some of the assertions lie
lias made recently. He has been de
livering a series of lectures 011 "The
Dynamics of Living Powers" at Co-
DR. JACQUES LOEB.
lunibia university, in New York. His
declaration that "the source of physic
al energy is chemical," made in the
first lecture of the series, lias been fol
lowed by particularizatious and argu
ments in detail that have set the doc
tors to talking and the laity to won
dering where we are at.
Getting It id of EIIKIINII Itlood.
All sorts of anecdotes about Prince
1 Henry of Prussia are in order. The
young sailor lord is very fond of a good
story himself. When lie was a uni
versity student with his elder brother,
the present kaiser, the two young
princes often came to fisticuffs. Wil
liam was the taller, hut Henry was
nimbler 011 his feet and the better box
er. One day he landed a powerful
right bander 011 William's nose, and
the blood began to flow. The attend
ants of the prince gathered around in
alarm.
| "Ho not concern yourselves, gentle
men," said the heir apparent. "It is
only a little of my English blood that
my brother is helping me to get rid of."
j —Philadelphia Press.
Admiral Cromwell nl Iloine.
Rear Admiral B. J. Cromwell, re
j tired while in command of the Medi
| tcrraneau squadron, recently returned
| home on the steamer Lulin. Captain
' Craig relieved him.
The Enteriirlxliia; Tnrk.
Wooden shoe pegs are used almost
exclusively in eastern Turkey, and they
lire made by hand in the most primitive
I manner from pine wood.
STARS THAT COME AND GO
A Mystery Which Harvard Observa
tory Photograph* Solved.
On# of the great scientific mysteries
for a long time was the apparent dis
appearance and reappearance from
time to time of certain little stars- little
to the unaided human eye at least. The
solution of this puzzle is an interesting
example of what photography and the
adaptation of spectroscopy to the uses
of what is called astrophysics have ac
complished for astronomy in the last
half century.
Astronomers had for centuries ob
served bright stars which seemed to
"go out" suddenly and from 110 evident
cause; then after a time bright stars
reappeared in the same relative posi
tions in the sky. The inference was
naturally that something dimmed the
brilliancy of these bodies temporarily,
and they were therefore called "varia
bles." By comparing the photographic
plates of the same region in the great
collection at the Harvard observatory
in Cambridge it was possible to And
just how often a variable star appear
ed, how long it was visible before it
vanished and how its surroundings
changed in the meantime.
When spectroscopy was added to the
astronomer's means of investigation
and by its agency the individual chem
ical characteristics of the different
heavenly bodies were recorded, includ
ing some bodies which are invisible
from the earth even with the aid of a
telescope, there came the discovery
that the variables were really twin
stars revolving about each other, so
tlnjt one sometimes eclipsed the other,
and a single point of light appeared
where the two had been seen before.
More curious still, however, and more
important to the astronomer was the
revelation that in many cases one of
the twins was nonluminous, the result
being that when it came between its
brother star and the earth a bright
spot seemed to disappear from the sky
altogether for the time being.
The center of stellar photography in
this country and, indeed, in the world
is the Harvard observatory, and there
pictures of the heavens have been tak
en systematically night by night for
nearly twenty years until now there
are more than 115,000 negatives Hied
away and catalogued so as to form a
kind of library which contains a com
plete history of the celestial bodies
from the time tlie work began, the only
history of its kind in existence. With
the Harvard photographs at hand it is
of course a simple matter to calculate
the "periods" of variable stars—that is
to say, the intervals between their ap
pearances in the sky. Nearly all of
the newly discovered stars of the last
few years have been found in the mi
nute scrutiny to which each of the
negatives is subjected at the observa
tory.
Cnlve's Monument.
Mme. Calve a few years ago had hoi
tomb designed, explaining that she
shuddered to think of the possibility of
being buried at 111 id inartistic surround
ings; also that she did not wish to gi *e
her mother the trouble of having a
headstone made for her. She had the
tomb designed by Denys Puecli. and its
principal features are the two statues
of the prima donna herself, which flank
it—one as Ophelia and the other as
Carmen. The Ophelia shows the hap
less heroine being drawn toward the
void by phantom voices. It is intended
to show the ethereal side of Mine.
Calve's art. while Carmen shows the
ma terlal.
"Doth are tragic roles," she says in
speaking of her tomb; "but, then, death
is not amusing except, possibly, to
one's heirs. I shall have it erected ei
ther in Pore-la-Cliaise or on the ground
surrounding my chateau in the south
of France. Either placQ, I suppose,
would be peaceful enough, though 1
take it for granted 1 would not hear
any noise if there were any, not even
if a full orchestra played a Wagner
overture, although if they struck up
the 'Habanera' I am not so sure that I
should not come out und sing it for
j them."
World'* Gronlent Flower Market.
1 The greatest tiower mart in the world
is the f.'dnous Co vent Garden market
In London, and to catch a peep of this
center of activity nt Easter time is a
revolution. This flower headquarters
for the world's greatest city was estab
lished about three-quarters of a centu
ry ago in n most modest manner. Now
; it occupies a vast glass roofed brick
; building. This immense structure is di-
I vided into hundreds of separate little
stalls, each presided over by a man or
' woman, but viewed from one of the en
j trances the hall appears to be heaped
up ten feet high with one vast mass of
bloom.—Woman's Home Companion.
A Gigantic Tunnel.
The subject of a tunnel connecting
Ireland and Scotland has been brought
before the British government, and the
project will be pushed if the requisite
financial support can be obtained. The
estimated cost is $50,0G0,000. The route
provisionally selected is from Strati
nier, in Scotland, to Belfast, in Ireland.
The total distance is 5H 2 miles, of
which miles would be tunnel and
35 miles of the tunnel would be under
the sea, along a line where the maxi
mum depth is 480 feet. Electric mo
tors would be used to drive the trains
at un average speed of sixty to seventy
miles per hour.
Patll's Parrots.
Two parrots belonging to Mme. Pattl
are a source of constant amusement to
every one near them, and there could
not be a greater contrast, for. while one
talks and sings all day long, imitating
its mistress' trilts in a weird, thin
voice, the other is constantly silent.
The former only cost $lO5 and the lat
ter SI,OOO, for lie was represented to
1 be the fliiest talking parrot ulive.
CHOICE MISCELLANY
Tiie Smooth Nickel Good.
The custom of street car conductors
to refuse smooth nickels, presumably
In accordance with orders from their
managers, has been given a severe
blow by Justice Ryan of the circuit
court in St. Louis. The St. Louis
Transit company was sued for dam
ages by John Ruth, a passenger who
had been ejected from a car because
he insisted that the conductor should
receive a smooth nickel for fare. The
complainant was awarded $2,000.
Judge Ryan said:
"There is no such thing, as assumed
by the defendant, as a nickel i*f less
than full face value. A gold coin may
be worth less than its face value be
cause of abrasion or loss of weight,
but this is not true of a nickel. I
think the carrier should be held to the
rule that if it ejects a passenger who
tenders a good coin in payment it does
so at its peril. It is better that the
conductor If in doubt should receive
the coin than to establish a rule of
law which would permit him to eject
a passenger who tenders a good coin
and then plead as an excuse that he
thought It was bad. In this case hi 9
plea does not go so far. lie only re
jected it because it was 'smooth.' He
never claimed It was bad. Ills act was
a mere wanton and capricious rejec
tion of the only piece of money the
plaintiff had at the time."—Nashville
American.
nnUin For linker*.
The acme of hygienic precaution is
reached in the regulations of a noted
German baking company. Some of the
rules laid down for the workmen are
worthy of note and contrast strangely
with the reports on private bakeries
which have been so frequent of late
years. Every man must submit to a
medical examination, paid for by the
company. When he pomes, he takes a
bath and then dresses for his work in
a suit provided by the company, the
laundrying of which is done at its ex
pense. Every loaf is wrapped in glazed
paper, so that neither the retailer nor
driver handles the bread. All the flour
is sifted, mixed and kneaded by ma
chinery, the water used being filtered
and deodorized. The kneading is done
by a system of plungers. An Archime
dean screw constantly throws the
dough under them. Practically the
bread is not handled from tlie time it
is flour until it comes out of the ovens,
when it is wrapped by dainty women
and is ready for the shop.
Speed of the Whale.
Ordinarily the whale does not travel
more than four or live miles an hour,
but if it is anxious to avoid the society
of whalers it can go at the rate of six
teen miles an hour. To a person in a
whaleboat being towed by an animal
which has just been harpooned the le
viathan of the deep seems to l>e going
at a much faster rate, say a mile a
minute. When he first starts off after
being struck, the whale must be going
at something like that speed, for tlie
harpoon line runs out through the
"chocks" so rapidly that it makes them
smoke and if they are of wood may set
them afire. But after his first spring
the whale settles down to about a six
teen mile an hour gait, which is fast
enough for comfort.
Vienna** Last Horse Car.
A few evenings ago the Vienna public
took a noisy farewell of the horse
trams in tlie Riugstrnsse. The two last
cars, which started in opposite direc
tions. were hung with blue lamps and
decorated with flags and greenery. The
oldest drivers were on the seats and
the oldest conductors in the wagons.
Both cars were crowded to the utmost
possible extent, and the police for once
closed their eyes to overcrowding.
Songs were sung and hurrahs given
for tiie horses, while the noise brought
tiie guests out of tlie cafes, windows
were thrown open and handkerchiefs
waved. New York still retains the dis
tinction of havingjnore horse car mile
age than any other city in the world.
Pack! lI k llniter For Lone: Voynßr.
Butter is now packed in a manAer
that permits of its carriage from Aus
tralia to Europe without losing its
freshness. A box is formed of six
sheets of ordinary window glass, and
the edges are sealed with gum paper.
This box is then inclosed in plaster of
paris a quarter of an inch thick, this
being again covered with special pa
per. The plaster is a bad conductor of
heat, so the temperature inside the box
remains tlie same. Boxes are now
made to hold 200 pounds of butter, and
the cost of packing is a penny a pound.
German Trade.
Germany must either import the bulk
of her foodstuffs or else lose her people
through emigration and her export
trade through the high prices necessi
tated by dear food. Her industrial
classes clearly realize this', and the
agrarian attempt to stop American im
ports meet with an opposition at home
far more effective than any remon
strance from Washington car* be.—
Milwaukee Sentinel.
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once—and that naturally would be through
Shiloh's
Consumption
m/\ Guaranteed to cure Cou
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the Blood^