ORIGIN OF THE RED CROSS. Henri Dunant. After Battle of Sol ferino, Creates Ambulance Corps. Henri Dunant. to whom has just been awarded one of the Nobel prizes In France, is tho founder of the Red Cross Society of Geneva. After the battle of Solferino he created an am bulance corps and a hospital staff in the midst of all the horrors of the field of battle. His task was facili tated by the accounts that came to Europe of the Civil war in the United States. , He met with encouragement rather from the regal caste than from the ministerial and diplomatic classes, who thought him a bore. But the world valued his work. Dunant spent his fortune on Red Cross organiza tions: It is strange that Nobel should enable Dunant to spend his old age In comfort. They both hated war, but Nobel exercised his inventive genius in trying to prevent It by multiplying the powers of destruction on the field of battle, while Dunant only thought Df softening them. Five years ago M. Henri Dunant fell ill, and, as be had spent his fortune, had to go, like any poor man, to a hospital. A sub scription was set on foot for his re lief. The name of the Empress of Russia figured at the head of the list. Philippine Units of Sale. The French consul at Manila, in a recent report, gives an explanation of tome of the chief features of the com plicated system of weights amd meas ures in use in the Philiippine Islands. The unit of weight for hemp, sugar, copra and grain is the "picul," which is equivalent to 139.4674 pounds United States standard, and the "picul" io divided into 100 "cates." Grain is also sold by dry mesure. The standard is the "cavan," which is equivalent to 65.1 United States quarts or 2.13 bushels. The "cavan" Is made up of 25 "gantas" (2.724 quarts each), which in turn contains R "chupas" (22.88 cubic inches each), ■ ' 4 "nptanes" each (5.644 cubic Inches in each "aptan"). Tobacco and ramie are sold by the "quintal" in bales of 2, 3 or 4 quintals each. The "quintal" is equivalent to 101.41 pounds and is divided into 4 "arrobes" of 25.35 pounds. Oil sells in "tina jas" or jars, of 16 "gantas" each, the "tinaja" holding about 50.71 quarts and the "ganta" being equivalent to 3.17 quarts. Indigo is sold in three grades, the standard being a "case" or "chest." The case of the first quality contains from 771.61 pounds to 881.84 pounds, the second quality case from 661.38 pounds to 771.61 pounds, and the third quality from 440.92 pounds to 551.15 pounds. Gold Dredging In the Urals. Gold placers have been workoG In the Ural and in Siberia for many years, but with rare exceptions no at tempts have been made to extract gold from the gravels lying below the level of the surface water. 111-consid ered attempts at dredging have been made in a few instances on the tribu taries of the Amoor river in East Si beria. These were failures, princi pally on account of the shortness oi the season and the distance from re pair shops. In the Ural, peasant op orators have long obtained gold and platinum from the rivers by the prac tice of "boat-shoveling," a method formerly used to some extent in the southeastern part of the United States. This method, however, which employs no machinery more elaborate than a hand-windlass, is necessarily limited in capacity. Within two years dredges of the New Zealand and American types have been installed in the Mariinsk district of West Si beria. Reports from the American machine are not yet at hand, but those from the New Zealand dredge, the only one in operation during the season of 1900, leave no question as to its complete success. Heat For tho Bowels. No matter what nils you, headache to a cancer, you will never get well until your bowels are put right. CABCARKTS help nature, cure you without a gripe or patn, produce easy natural movements, cost you jUBt 10 cents to start getting your health back. CAS CAKKTS Candy Cathartic, tho genuine, put up In metal boxes, every tablet has C. C. C. stamped on it. beware of imitations. Automobiles have established a mile-a minute record. FITS permanently cured. No fits or nervous ness after first day's use or Dr. Kline's Great Nerve itestorer. V 1 trial bottle and treatise free Dr. K. H. KI.INr Ltd., 1131 Arch St., l'hila. Pa. Some men take time by the forelock, while others hang on to his coat tails. Mrs. Winßlow'sSoothing Syrup forehildren teething, soften the guiua, reduces inflamma tion,allays pain, cures wind eotic. 25e a buttle. Love letters are eagerly scanned by the male inspectors. 1 am sure Piso '■ Cure for Consumption save 1 mv life three years ago.—Mas. THOMAS UOB BIMS, ilaple St., Norwich, N'.l'., Feo. 17, 1949. Our own misfortunes arc always the greatest. Coughing j " I was given up to die with M quick consumption. 1 then began | to use Ayer's Cherry Pectoral. 1 8 improved'at once, and am now in B perfect health."—Chas. E. Hart- 8 man, Gibbstown, N. Y. It's too risky, playing with your cough. The first thing you know it will be down deep in your lungs and the play will be over. Be gin early with Ayer's ! Cherry Pectoral and stop I the cough. p Three sites: We., EOc., 51. All droit's'"- f J ronsu l't your dor.tor. If be say s toko It, H f then do as ho ssys. If ho tells you not H , to take It. then don't take It. He knows. M Leave It with him. Wo are willing U J. 0. AYER CO.. Lowell, Mass. G MAKE CITIES BEARABLE RACE WILL DETERIORATE IF HEALTH IS ALLOWED TO SUFFER. The Growth of Urban Population a Feat ure of Civilization tlie World Over, Calls For Scientific Action—Depressing Noise is a Difficult Problem. Tlie world-wide tendency of popula tion to centre in towns at the expense of the purely rural districts Is dis cussed from a medical point of view hy a writer in the Medical Record, who says: "Into the reasons for this wholesale desertion of the country this is no place to enter, nor is there need for discussion as to whether this move ment is for good or evil. Sutllce it to say that it is so, the reason must he ac cepted, and It only remains for physi cians, sanitarians and philanthropists to endeavor to render the conditions of life in cities and towns as morally and physically healthful as possible. "The first necessity of any area crowded witli human beings is that it should he above suspicion from the standpoint of hygiene—that is, drain age should be effective, water supply plentiful and pure, and, in short, that all sanitary arrangements should he conceived and carried out with the sole view of safeguarding the lives and health of the population. "For many years now, in the most enlightened countries of the earth, men of light and learning have been slowly but surely ai-riving at the truth that the municipal problem is the one de serving the closest attention, and for a nation chiefly dwelling in cities the necessity Is obvious that these cities must be made healthful places of abode. If this be not done the race will rapidly deteriorate physically, and be unable to compete on equal terms with the Inhabitants of countries who live under a more intelligent sanitary rule. Thus earnest and sensible re formers have been bending their ener gies toward converting large centres of population into comparatively salu brious places of residence. "Mr. C. M. Robinson lias lately pub lished a book in this country on the improvement of cities and towns, in which he sets forth a mass of statistics and details concerning the subject. The book in question, while it does not neglect to insist upon the paramount Importance of hygiene, gives much space to advocating the cultivation of the beautiful in the construction and arrangement of cities." The writer aptly point 3 out that in most countries of the European conti nent rigid laws nre enforced to prevent contractors and builders from offend ing too grossly against the aesthetic sense. Paris, perhaps the most artis tic city of the world, was rendered so by the efforts of Napoleon 111., ably seconded by Baron Hausmann. Mod ern Berlin lias been to a great extent rebuilt nnd greatly beautified by the Kaiser. Loudon, though its buildings are, as a rule, incongruous to n degree, within recent years has been refur bished and brought somewhat into line with the ideas of modern progress through the public spirited action of the civic authorities, while some of the other large cities of Great Britain are models of how such plnces should be managed. Many of the cities of this country are on a par with, or even su perior to their European rivals, and it Is evidence that throughout the world the dominating note in municipal re form Is to make the conditions of city life desirable from a physical, moral nnd aesthetic point of view. The most difficult problem with which to deal in cities nnd towns is how to repress noise. In American cities this feature is even more preva lent than in Europe, and constitutes the most serious objection to living among the "madding crowd." It should, however, be clearly under stood that many of the numerous and varied noises which shatter the nerves and shorten the lives of the inhabit ants of towns are altogether unneces sary, and could be promptly ended if a strong staud were made against their continuance. With the abolition of needlesß noises and with the various Improvements which have been suggested put Into force, city life will have been robbed of many of Its terrors, and may In time become tbe Ideal place of resi dence. There is, nevertheless, mush to be done to bring this Elyslau dream to pass. His First Society Item. The new office boy lias a longing to become a newspaper contributor. In his spare moments he practices as siduously on the typewriter, and It brings joy to bis youthful heart to be sent to the telephone by the city edi tor to take a news Item. The other night he branched out on his own re sponsibility and handed the following "society item" to the young woniau who has that department in charge: "A pedro party was held at the home of Monday evening. Several of the boys of the Get-Together Club were invited to attend, and it would have been a complete success had they hot of charged 10 cents' admission, after the boys expected It was invita tional."—Cleveland Leader. Special Car. For Whooping Cough. It seems that the subject of setting apart separate cars for patients is be ing agitated also in France. A move has been set on foot to submit a petl tlon to the French Government for legislation requiring railways to supply separate coaches for children suffering from whooping cough. To effect a cure of this disease it Is considered necessary to have a change of elimnte, and there is much travel among chil dren so affected. As tlie disease is contagious the public feel that such cases should be isolated by the use •f separate coaches.—Railway Gazette. HARMFUL TO CHILDREN. Why a Reaction Has Set In Against tbi Sensational Newspaper. In an editorial on "The New Pace tor Children," the editor of the Cen tury deplores the effect on childish minds of the too early reading of newspapers, especially those that are run for revenue only. It is a deplorable fact that of late years, for lack of support, a number of excellent magazines for children have been discontinued—in the latest instance with the frank statement that the vogu't of the newspaper had short ened the term of childhood so greatly as to make it Impossible to sustain such a magazine, the proprietors say ing, in effect, that boys and girls. In the old sense of an audience for juven ile periodical literature, exists no long er. The fault, perhaps, is not with the child, nor with the editor, but wltu the busy parent of these latter years; for the newspaper-reading child is the pro duct of the last decade. The boy of ten or twelve, at the age when he ought to be acquiring a taste for good literature, is too often left to the ephe meral contents of the illustrated news paper. Kven when the newspaper Is a good one he is being startled from the repose of his proper age. He Is made a man before his time. He is allowed to share the rapCd pace at which mod em life is set. Not for him should be the heavy and the weary weight 01 all this unintelligible world. And it tlie newspaper be conducted without conscience his mind becomes the breeding-ground of false ideals infested by the microbes of envy, so cial discontent, ambitious greed, scan dal, desire for luxury, and disbelief in virtue. If he be a child of the tene ment, with little other reading, is it any wonder that he should grow up into the criminal classes? And yet such newspnpers are tolerated in the houses of decent and intelligent peo ple! The death of President McKinloy has set people to thinking as to the in sidious influences that may have oper ated on the mind of the wretched and pitiable assassin, little more than a perverted boy, and, as a consequence, a healthy reaction has set against the sensational newspaper. It will be well if this shall extend to all newspnpers of the class. But it will be best if the country can be aroused to substitute for them decent newspnpers, mnga ziues and books, and particularly to study carefully the kind of reading which goes to the formation of the character of children. | How to Toll Your Sweetheart's ARC. Men and women, the former before ; they are twenty-one and after they nre iifty, and the latter at all times arc averse to telling their ages. Now here is a little scheme by which you may llnd out any one's age if you go about it in the right manner. Ask the per son if he or she can do a simple arith metical problem; of course the answer will be yes. Then give him or her a paper and pencil and proceed. Tell the | person to think of a number corres ponding to the numerical order of the month in which he or she was born. Then to multiply that figure by two, then add five and multiply the produce by fifty; then add his or her own age. From the total thus obtained order that 3G3 bo subtracted and 115 then added. Now obtain the answer, and the first figure tells you the month in which your sweetheart was born, and the other figures indicate his or her age. For Instance, suppose the person to be born in August, and the age to 1)0 twenty-nine. She thinks (as per the above instructions) of number eight, multiplies that by two, which makes it sixteen; adds five, which makes it twenty-one; multiplies twenty-one by fifty, and obtains 1050; add twenty nine (her own age), and gets 1070. She now subtracts 300 and has 711, to which she adds 115 and obtains 820. The first figure eight indicating the eighth month cr August and twenty nine indicating her years. Simple and clever, isn't it?— American Queen. AH SLIO Described It. It was the first day of school. The boll had tapped, and the little children of the second primary were sitting upright In their seats, hands properly folded, and with round eyes fixed on the new teacher, taking a mental in ventory. She was a bit nervous. It was her first school. Tha children rnado her "fidgety," they stared at her so hard and watched her so narrowly. She began to feel like a mouse that is within the clutches cf a cat. She cast übout wildly for some occupation to begin the first day. She regretted bitterly that she had not arranged some definite plan of campaign. Then her face brightened. She would find out what the children already knew. Question followed question, touching on divers subjects. "Now, who knows what a skeleton Is?" asked the teacher, smiling coax ingly. The little girl wearing the pink ging ham apron and occupying the back seat, waved her baud wildly and worked iter mouth In a frantic en deavor to get "teacher" to look at her. "Well, what Is it?" "A skeleton," said the tot, twisting her apron in her fingers, "is a man who has his insides out and his ouisides off."—Denver Times. A Musical Staircase. A staircase has Just been invented which plays tunes as it is walked up and down upon. A series of pins are pressed by the feat, and play gongs and drums, while others are connected with collapsible chambers which blow trumpets and similar instruments. Tliey Love KHCII Other .So. The woman who wears a raglan will be sure to cause her unkind sisters to innke detogntory remarks concern ing the clothes it hides.—Washington Post. ANOTHER REMARKABLE CASE tfhlch tU Doctor. Failed to Car# ar ta derstaxid. A medical man, as a rule, dislikes to ac knowledge the value of a proprietary medi cine. In fact, professional etiquette de bars him from doing so. Yet there are many eminent physicians, those most ad vanced in their professions, who give full credit to the great curative properties of Vogeler's Curative Compound from the fact that it is manufactured by an old and reliable company, proprietors of St. Jacobs Oil, from the formula of a brother physician, who to-day stands in the front ranks of tho most eminent medical men in London, and on account of its intrinsic merit it is lurgely prescribed by the medi cal profession; but in tho case which we are about to relate the attending physi cian called it "rubbish," but as it turned nut Mrs. Nettleton tells tho doctor that "rubbish or not, it saved her life." Mrs. Nettleton graphically relates the particulars of her own case, which will doubtless be of interest to many of our lady readers: "I had been an intense sufferer for many years from dyspepsia, liver and kidney troubles, when a little pamphlet was placed in my hands, and, although at that time I had been bedridden for more than six months, I determined, after reading 60ine of the wonderful testimonials there in of cases similar to mine, which had been completely cured by the timely use of Vogcler's Curative Compound, to try some, especially as my doctors failed to even benefit mc, and I had almost given up all hope of ever being well again. It is most interesting and, in fact, marvelous to relate, that the very first dose of fifteen drops relieved me. It was not long before I was able to get up and about; three months from taking the first dose I was enjoying better health than I had been for fourteen years. I continued well until a few months back, when I was taken ill again, my troubles being dyspepsia and constipa tion. I bad a doctor attending me for a month, but continued to grow worse, un til I again found myself bedridden, when I bethought myself of my old medicine, Vogeler's Curative Compound, which I immediately sent for and took in place of the doctor's medicine; at that time I had not had a movement of tho bowels for five clays, but Vogeler's Curative Compound soon put me on my feet again; in fact, completely cured me a second time, but, of course, this attack was not as bad as the first, yet I fully believe I should not have been alive to-day had it not been for Vogcler's Curative Compound. If I had only thought to have taken it when my last illness took place I should not only have been saved much suffering, but a $75 doctor's bill." Mrs. Nettleton said: "I have recom mended Vogcler's Curative Compound for indigestion and eczema, and in every case it has proved a cure, beyond doubt. Mr. 6winbank, our chemist, has sent me the names of no end of people who have been cured by Vogeler's Curative Compound. By the way, the proprietors have so much confidence in this great London physi cian's discovery, that they will send a sample free to any- person sending name and address, naming this paper." St. Ja cobs Oil Co., 205 Clay St., Baltimore, Md. Mrs. Nettleton is a confectioner in the Brighton Road, where she has been estab lished many years, and is honoured and re spected by all classes. Iter statements as regards Vogeler's Curative Compound may, therefore, be regarded as reliable evidence of its great value. In Newfoundland and Labrador cramps are said to be guarded against bjr carry ing a cod's head or a bone from n haddock caught without touching the boat. f, \ / pleasantly. > *\ . / Bervc-ficiallyj } / scts truly as a Laxative. Y■ V y(J - - .'^ r * y\//S 4 <./ ' ~ < v / Syrup of Fins appeals to the cultured and the 'V/'-y / well-informed and to the healthy, because its com '>< ' - m-zysJ ) / ponent parts are simple and wholesome and be cause it acts without disturbing the natural func- """Vj s ti°"s, as it is wholly free from every objectionable f ' quality or substance. In the process of A ||p pleasant to the taste, hut the medicinal from an excellent combination of plants (/// . known to be medicinally laxative and to /''-0 To get its beneficial effects—buy the £< 4>ls genuine—manufactured by the i -ii „ Sa,r\ Fra,r\cioco, Cr. I. Ky. flew York.N.y. '"•<?& For e&lr- by all Price, fifty cents per bottb. BIGGEST RANCH IN TEXAS* Includes Half a Dozen Counties. About Three Million Acres. Tho "X, I, T," In tho Panhandle Is the greatest ranch in Texas, embrac ing half a dozen counties and contain ing neaTly 3,000,000 acres. The ranch Is divided into seven sections, each managed by a foreman, and eon nected with tho headquarters by ■ means of telephones. The whole is run with the system and dispatch, which characterizes all great indus tries. On this ranch now run con siderably more than 100,000 head of cattle, and an idea of the size may be gained from the fact that the pasture fence extends 210 miles in one di-! rection and 25 in another, making a j total of about 5,000 square miles, i From time to time small parcels of tho land have been sold, and mean while valuations have appreciated from 50 cents an acre to four times that amount. Demand for Rolling Stock. During the present year the South ern Pacific has secured 103 locomo tives and 5,000 freight cars, but owing to the Increase in freight traffic, caus ed largely by the development of the Texas oil field, it will require consid erable additional rolling stock, and according to Vice President Krutt schnltt, has decided to purchase 75 additional locomotives and more tank cars. Contracts have been let for 500 of the tank cars. PUTNAM FADELESS DYES are fact to iun iight, washing and rubbing. Sold by all drug gists. Norway's coast line is 1700 miles in a straight line, but over 12,000 if followed round the fjords. STATE OF OHIO, Crrr or TOLEDO, LUCAS COUNTY. I FRANK J. CHENEY makes oath that he is tn* senior partner of tho firm of F. J. CHENEY A Co., doing business inthe City ofToledo, County and State aforesaid, and that said firm will par the sum of ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS for each and every caso of CATARRH that cannot be cured by the use of HALL'S CATARRH CURE. FRANK J. CHENEY. Sworn to boforo me and subscribed in m . —. presence, this 6th day of December, | SEAL VA. D., 1836. A. W. GLEABON. ' —' Notary Public. Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken internally, and nets directly on tho blood and mucous surfaces of tho system. Send for testimonials, free. F. J. CHENEY & Co., Toledo, O. Sold by Druggists, 75c. Hall's Family Pills are the best. Some fellows are ready to stand up for | the fair sex until they nnd themselves in a crowded car. Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 10th.—A very timely nnd practical suggestion comes from a physi cian of this city ; be says: "Take Garfield Tea. the Herb Medicine. It is especially needed at this season, when the system is apt to b 1 out of order from eattng rich food. This wonderful remedy cleanses the syttem and regulates tho livor, kidneys, stomach and bowels It is simple, pure and effective, and is good for young and old." Four per cent, of sailing vessels and two and one-half per cent, of steamships are lost in a year. IT. H. GREEN'S SONS, of Atlanta, GA., aro tho only successful Dropsv Specialists in the world. Sec their liberal offer in advertisement iu another column of this paper. Only five in 1000 criminals are under twelve years of age. The Handsomest Calendar ot the season (in ten colors) six beautiful heads (on six shoots, 10x12 inches), reproduc tions of paintings by Moran, issued by Gen eral Passenger Department, Chicago, Mil waukee & St. Paul Railway, will bo sent on receipt of 25 oento. Address F. A. Miller, General Passenger Agent, Chicago. There is never any fluctuation in the price of wild oats. A NOTED PHYSICIAN Haltes an Important Statement of Interest to All Women. " Dear Mrs. Pixkiiam :—The lion, est, intelligent physician is above the ' School.' Whatever is best in each case should bo used, no matter to what school a physician belongs. I, as a matter of conscience, can only pro mt. WAN ATA, of Lansing, Mich, scribo the best, and as I know and hav* proven that there i 3 nothing in Materia Medica wtiich equals Lydin K. Pink ham's Vegetablo Compound in severo cases of female disorders, 1 unhesitatingly prescribe it, and have never yet been sorry. I know of noth ing better for ovarian troubles and for falling of tho womb or ulcerations ; it absolutely restores the affected parts to their normal condition quicker and better than anything else. I have known it to cure barrenness in wo men, who to-day are happy mothers of children, and while the medical pro fession looks clown upon ' patents,' I have lcarnod, Instead, to look-up to the healing potion, by whatever name it be known. If my fellow physicians dared toll tho truth, hundreds of them would voice my sentiments." — De. Wax ata, Lansing, Mich. #SOOO forfait if abeve testimonial Is not tjenulns. The record of Lyclin, 11- Pinkhain's Vegetable Compound cannot be equalled. Accopt no substitute. Mrs. piakham advises sick wo men free. Address Lynn, Mass. Capsicum Vaseline Put up in Collapsible Tubes. A Substitute for and Sui>erior to Mustard or any other planter, and will not blister tho most delicate akin. Tho pain allaying 1 ami curative qua'.itis of this nrtl' lo ore wonderful. It will stop the toothache at once, and roliove headache arid sciatica. Wo recommend H as tho best and safest external counter-irritant known, also ns an external remedy for pains in the cheat and stomach aud all rheumatic, neuraliric and (rooty ounpluints. A trial will prove what we oluim for it, and it will be found to be Invaluable in the household. Man) people say "It Is the best of all your preparations." J?riee, 15 coats, at all druggists, or other dealers, or by son lime this ainount to us lu rotnge stamp* we will sand you a tube by mail. No article should be accepiod by tho public unless the same carries our label, as otherwise it is not g-enulne. CHEESEBROUGH MANUFACTURING CO., 17 Stato Street, Now York City. OR OP SY^^iKTc-ST. 1 *!' ™ canon- Book of testimonials und 1() days' treatiue.it i rtu. Dr. H. H. OWEN'S SOUS. Box B, Atlanta, Ga. <>old irwli nt Huflnlo Expedition. McHLIIfBNNY'a tabasco P N U 2, 'O2 |i
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers