FREELAND TRIBUNE.
Estaclishel ISS3.
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FBEHLANI), SEI'TEM ISEII 20. 1901.
-
A Que or Frontier Hxpcrlence.
In narrating tlie frontier experience
of "The First White Baby Born In the
Northwest" in The Ladles' Home Jour
nal W. 8. Ilaywood tells of a queer ex
perience that befell the family In the
first year after settling on a farm far
removed from the settlements.
The winter had been unusually long
and severe, and their stock of provi
sions run low. It was a long distance to
the nearest base of supplies, and com
munication with the outside world had
been cut off. Indians In the neighbor
hood one night broke into the granary
where the wheat was stored and stole
a quantity. In doing this a* large
amount of broken glass became mixed
with the wheat which the Indians left,
so for many days, amid much merry
story telling and many a joke and
laugh, In spite of the serious situation,
the family gathered about a large table
In their living room and spent the
short winter days picking over the
wheat, kernel bj T kernel, in order to
free it from the pieces of glass.
For this wheat stood between them
and starvation, and none of its pre
cious kernels must be lost. Their stock
of flour had long since wasted away,
as had most of their food supplies, so
they boiled and ate the wheat without
grinding. Belief reached them just in
time to prevent a sad ending to the ex
perience.
Arab and the Telephone.
We liud 1 a party of Arabs along with
U€ and took them all over a great news
paper (ghee. Everything was wildly
astonishing to them. They had imag
ined that the Koran contained all the
knowledge and wisdom of the world,
yet here were the telegraph, the tele
phone, the electrotype and the printing
press. Ifiie place was a veritable en
chanters' castle to them. They would
never have believed in the telephone if
1 had not called up their hotel and got
one of their own party at that end of
the wire.
The dervish who had come along was
bold as well as pious. When he heard
that Ills friond live miles away was
talking through the Instrument, he
made a dash nt it. He was greatly ex
cited and yelled in a megaphone voice,
lie thought we were tricking him, but
here was hi* friend talking Arabic. He
rolled his eyes at me in a despairing
manner and then began a search for
devils, being quite convinced that the
phone mis an invention of satan.—ln
dependent.
Llmewaler.
LI me water has so many uses It Is
hard to classify. It is good to soften
water, to sweeten drains, to keep milk
vessels wholesome, to make milk itself
sit well upon delicate stomachs, to test
air for excess of carbonic acid—if there
is too much cart>onic acid preseut, the
clear llmewatcr instantly crusts over—
-1o take out marks loft by grease spots
which have been removed by stronger
alkalis—ln fact, for so many tilings it
should always be kept on hand. Mixed
with cither swH?t o'r linseed oil to a
creamy consistence, it is the very best
household remedy for burns and scalds.
It costs practically no more than the
trouble of making. Put a lump of
quicklime as big as the two fists in a
clean earthen pitcher, cover It six Inch
es deep with clean cold water, stir
with a wooden spoon and let it stand
six hours. Pour off the clear liquid
without disturbing the lime, but let it
run through double cheesecloth. Put
in small l>ottles and cork tight. In
using always pour off half an Inch
from the top of a bottle that has stood.
t nfnrlnnute Dec! net lon.
Sergeant Kelly of the Irish bar in the
early years of the nineteenth century
used to indulge in u picturesque elo
quence, racy of the soil, but unfortu
nately he would sometimes forget the
line of argument aud would always
fall back on the word "therefore,"
which generally led his mind back to
what he had intended saying. Some
times, however, the effort was almost
disastrous.
One time he had been complimenting
the jury, assuring them that they were
men of extraordinary Intelligence and
then branched off into a statement of
his case. With a wave of Ids hand and
a smile on his face he proceeded:
"This Is so clear a case, gentlemen,
Hint 1 am convinced you felt it so the
very moment I stated it. I should pay
men of intelligence a poor compliment
to dwell on It for a minute, therefore I
shall proceed to explain it to you as
Uiinutely as possible."—Green Bag.
1 LABOR IN ENGLAND.
INTERESTING EXTRACTS FROM THE
PAGES OF HISTORY.
Leital Control of Trnilca Unions and
i*t Combination* In Trnde - The
l'onng Industrial Giant of Modern
I Times.
| With slight omissions, the following
Is an article by Andrew A. Bruce, as
' sistant professor of law in the Univer
sity of Wisconsin, which appeared in a
recent issue of the Chicago Itccord
j Herald:
Prior to the thirteenth or fourteenth
century there was practically speaking
no labor question in England for the
courts or the parliament to grapple
with, since a limited Industrial devel
opment and the institution of slavery
had simplified the whole problem.
Personal liberty indeed was a thing
unknown to the great masses of the
people, and It is a significant fact that
even the much vaunted Magna Charta
exacted from King John by the insur
gent barons at a time when 75 per cent
of the inhabitants of England were in
a state of practical slavery was worded
so as to apply only to "free men."
In 134S and 1349 the terrible visita
tion of the black plague spread over
England and carried off tens of thou
sands of the English peasants and la
borers, and the survivors, taking ad
vantage of the reduction in their num
bers and the consequent scarcity of la
bor, began everywhere to demand such
exorbitant wages that bankruptcy
threatened the smaller employers and
the larger could operate only at a loss.
The consequence was that the landed
proprietors, whose serfs most of these
laborers had formerly been and who
had but recently adopted the custom of
practically liberating such persons by
granting to them the use of small per
cels of land and the right to substitute
yearly payments of money or produce
for the personal service owing to their
lords, became Incensed not only at
their own loss of revenue, hut at this
seeming ingratitude on the part of
their former bondmen.
The parliament being made up al
most entirely of their own numbers,
legislation was in their own hands, and
in 3349 the famous statute of laborers
was passed. The statute provided that
the farm laborers and the members of
nearly all the skilled trades then fol
lowed in England should not thereafter
decline to wo-rk for or demand higher
rates of wages than those which pre
vailed in the year immediately preced
ing the visitation of the blnck plague
and In spite of the constant fluctua
tions in the price of the commodities
which the laborers were compelled to
buy and of the rent to be paid by them
remained In force until the reign of
Elizabeth, when It was repealed, but
only to make way for another statute
equally oppressive.
This latter statute provided that all
persons able to work as laborers or ar
tisans and not having independent
means might be compelled to work at
agricultural pursuits and gave to the
justices of the peace, always members
of the landed or employing class, the
right to fix the rate of wages and the
hours of labor, while the statute passed
at about the same time. 1548, made "ull
conspiracies and covenants of work
men not to make or do their work but
at a certain rate or price" illegal. These
latter statutes, although re-enacted
from time to time and changed in their
minor details, remained in force until
the beginning of the nineteenth cen
tury.
It was the passage of these statutes
at so early a time in the history of
England—or, rather, the English deci
sions based thereon—which has led so
many of our American Judges, reading
no doubt the decisions without realiz
ing that there were statutes behind
them, to hold that in the eyes of the
law all strikes and boycotts must he
essentially illegal.
In America the statutes have, with
but few exceptions, not regulated the
rates of wages, and yet many judges
have adopted the rulings and opinions
of the English judges. We do, however,
have analogous statutes. If it had not
been for the Interstate commerce and
antitrust statutes, both state and na
tional, which make acts in restraint of
trade unlawful, we would hardly have
the plethora of injunctions leveled
against the labor unions with which we
are now visited.
Rigorous though the statutes directed
against labor may have been, they were
not out of accord either with the gen
eral judge or legislature made law of
England in regard to other callings and
trades, but were a part of a general
system of law and legislation enacted
and enforced by u landed and military
aristocracy to which labor and trade
alike appeared servile and debased and
to the interests of which the prosperity
of either class seemed equally detri
mental. The story indeed of the legal
control of labor in England was, in its
earlier stages at any rate, but a chapter
iu the legal control of trade aud indus
try generally, and was the result of the
same political and economic philoso
phy.
The statute of laborers, which as we
have seen, originally regulated the rate
of wages of the worklnguiau, also con
tained a provision which required food
to be sold at reasonable prices, and at
least one statute definitely laid down
the prices that should prevail for "hens,
capons, pullets and geese," while in the
year 1552 a statute was enacted which
made it a penal offense to forestall
that was. to buy or contract for any
merchandise or victuals on their way
to a market; to regrate—that was, to
buy corn or any dead victuals iu any
market and to sell it again in such mar
ket or within four miles thereof; and to
engross—that was, to purchase large
quantities of corn or dead victuals for
the purpose of resale anywhere.
It Is from this term "engross" that
our modern term "grocer'' is derived,
gfi|S'SHff
(*{ LAXAKOLA
NO ONE BUT A MOTHER IE.TS ta £V£!rE"
Nlecp pITON (o an ailing, teething, fcrcriah, colicky, frettf infant.
Almost distracted by its constant crying, and worn out witli
weary, anxious care and watching, she tries every thing possible
to obtain even relief for the little sufferer.
With what comfort and delight she sees her little one drop
off into a deep peaceful health-giving slumber, after its little
clogged bowels are cleared of their poisonous burden by a single
dose of Luxakola, the great tonic laxative and mother's remedy.
i Laxakola is a pure, gentle and painless liquid laxative, and contains valuable
tonic properties which not only act upon the bowels, but tone up the entire system and
purify the blood. A few droj>s can be given with safety to very young babies, which
will often relieve colic by expelling the wind and gas that cause it. Great relief fa ex
perienced when administered to young children suffering from diarrhoea, accompanied
with white or green evacuations, us it neutralizes the acidity of the bowels and carries
out the cause of the fermentation. LAXAKOLA will aid digestion, relieve restlessness,
assist nature, and induce sleep. For constipation, simple fevers, coated tongue, or any
infantile troubles arising from a disordered condition of the stomach it is invaluable.
Laxakola, the great tonlr laxative, Is not only the most efficient of family remedies, hut the most
economical, because it combines two medicines. vl/. : laxative and tonic, and at one twice. No other
' r t . \t dr • . or send for free llilpld t > Nil.
I-AXAkOLA CO.. ij.- Nassau Street. N. Y„ or 356 Dearborn Street, Chicago.
ami there la no doubt, absurd though
the thought may seem to some of us,
that the original grocer us well as the
middleman of all kinds generally was
for a long period of time a criminal in
England.
Prior to the nineteenth century, in
deed, the governing classes of England
were, as they are today In the United
States, even with its broader suffrage,
consumers—that is, soldiers and sailors
—professional men and farmers, to
whom any increase either in the price
of goods or of labor was economically
hurtful and in whose eyes, therefore,
any attempt of either capital or labor
to add to its profits met with disfavor.
It was not, therefore, until a new in
dustrial order had been ushered in and
the complexion of the English parlia
ment had been changed on the one
hand from that of a body of landed
proprietors to that of a body of manu
facturers and merchants with a world
expanding trade before them and on
the other until by the extension of the
suffrage the workingman had become
a political factor in the community
that the adverse legislation In England,
both in regard to capital and labor,
ceased.
When these events took place, which
they did, in part at least, by the be
ginning of the nineteenth century,
there was a complete change of front,
both on the part of the courts and of
parliament. The old laws of restraint
were only possible In a country of a
limited economic development, and
when a broader Held of industry and
enterprise began to be opened to Eng
land, as it is today beginning to be
opened to the United States; when a
day of big things and of vast mercan
tile enterprises and of world expand
ing commerce began to dawn, the re
strictions of the past seemed trivial
and burdensome. A young industrial
giant. Indeed, had been born which
parliament itself could not fetter.
And yet, fortunately for the laboring
man, this giant was born at a time
when the humane forces and interests
were also developing, when tlie great
masses of men were acquiring a voice
and an influence in government and
when no political party or judiciary
dared or cared to give to capital a free
dom which it denied to labor itself.
The change was brought about largely
by the invention of machinery and tlie
development of the mines of England,
but above all by the expansion of her
foreign trade and the growing realiza
tion of the possibility of an individual
and national wealth hitherto undream
ed of, if only tlie factories and the
mines could operate and capital could
combine unchecked by restraints.
The capitalist indeed was interested
not only in the removal of the restric
tions on capital itself and the abolition
of the old trade guilds, but also even in
the repeal of the statutes which regu
lated the rates of wages. The old trades
guilds, which by royal charters had in
certain trades and industries been giv
en exclusive privileges and a freedom
and exemption from the laws generally
restraining labor, were abolished at the
instigation of the capitalists because
the capitalist desired to work his la
borers for as many hours a day as he
pleased In times of business activity,
which the rules of the guilds forbade,
and also because he desired to be able
to become a manufacturer and a mas
ter of industry by virtue of the posses
sion of capital alone and not, as re
quired by the guilds, as the result of a
promotion to that rank from those of
apprentices and journeymen. While
the statutes regulating rates of wages
were abolished, it was largely because
of the necessity for the manufacturer
to quickly hire large numbers of men
In times of business pressure, which
could only lie done by the offer of lar
ger wages than those paid them by
other employers.
The law, then, as administered by the
courts in England today, is practically
this that fraud and misrepresentation,
intimidation and physical obstruction
or molestation or the intentional pro
curement of a violation of contractual
rights are unlawful, both on the part
of the capitalist and of the laborer, but
that to pursue to the bitter cud a war
of competition wagon in rue rarcrresT or
one's own trade and with that end
alone in view is not unlawful so as to
be the subject of Indictment or action
for damages, although such an act or
plan of action may tie considered in re
straint of trade in such a sense as to be
void ami Incapable of enforcement by
the courts as between the immediate
parties to It.
To such an extent. Indeed, have the
courts gone that in a recent case a com
bination of shipowners for the purpose
of controlling the entire tea trade of
Canton and of the ports on the Hong
kong river by menus of the adoption
of a uniform rate of charges, the boy
cotting of all competitors and by re
fusing to do business with persons deal
ing with such competitors, as well as
by a temporary reduction of rates, for
the sole purpose of driving competitors
out of business, was held not to be ille
gal or a violation of the personal rights
of such competitors so as to entitle one
of them to an action for the damages
sustained by him from the combination
nor to be the subject of a criminal pros
ecution. although the judges generally
expressed the •opinion that such an
agreement was so opposed to public
policy that tlie courts would not en
force it as between the parties thereto.
The same analogy was also followed
in the case of a combination of laboring
men in an action brought by two dis
charged workmen against the walking
delegate of a union of iron workers,
who had threatened the employers of
the plaintiffs that the members of the
union would leave the employment of
the company unless such persons were
discharged, the court holding that there
had been no violation of any legal
rights of the plaintiffs, the object of the
defendants and of the union which they
represented being the betterment and
the furtherance of the interests of the
class to which they belonged.
OLD WORLD GLEANINGS.
J omlon, Paris, Berlin and other Eu
ropean cities will soon have under
ground mall and parcel tubes.
The Boers speak of their Hag as the
"vierkleur," the four color, just as the
French call their Hag the "tricolor.'
The British foreign office reports that
08 per cent of the slaves of Zanzibar
and Peinba prefer to remain slaves.
Hecent census statistics in Italy show
that the proportion of population not
able to read or write lias decreased to
30 per cent. In 1881 it was 55 per cent.
A Paris lawyer lias just been beaten
in an attempt in court to stop the play
ing of a piano in a boarding school op
posite his office. The tribunal pronounc
ed piano playing a social institution.
A law will soon go into effect in Nor
way giving women the voting power in
municipal elections. Heretofore, since
USDS, the women have had the right
to vote on mutters affecting the local
regulation of the liquor trade.
In Hungary recently an intoxicated
officer made a bet he would cut off a
friend's ear witli his saber, and lie did
so, coming up behind like a coward.
When the wounded man appreciated
his mutilation, lie killed himself, while
the assailant was simply degraded
from t lie army.
Cleaning Furniture.
Where a piece of furniture is very
much soiled and requires to he cleaned
and polished, Hrst wash It thoroughly
with warm soapy water, washing only
a small surface at a time and drying it
quickly by rubbing it hard with a flan
nel. Mix together one pint of linseed
oil and a half pint of kerosene, wet a
flannel with the oil mixture and rub
the cleaned furniture. Best half an
hour before taking a fresh piece of
flannel and then by vigorous rubbing
polish the wood until it shines like
irlass. This will not injure the nicest
wood and is an easy method of keeping
furniture bright. The odor soon disap
pears if the windows are left open.
Watch the date 011 your paper
jljpj juftj-fpl/ Fa a r?dJ a rrQJ a irUMrflUflrelJ a r?yj a rrtLfMfßli s* irnjijj
P [ij
I Shoes for |
I Fall Wear! I
PI Very large stocks of the latest stylo [p
Sj Fall Shoes have just been received. SJ
fel We invite inspection from the most S
[3 critical, knowing that the goods we IS
CS now have to offer you are the peer of ppcJ
anything sold elsewhere at the same [p
p price. We carry complete lines of all [Sj
P grades of Men's, Women's, Youths' ip
S] and Children's Shoes. a
P [p
1 Hats for 1
I Fall Wear! I
Si Our Hat department is stocked with
|E the latest from the large factories, in- [tEj
lMj| eluding the season's make of the cele- [P
pj hrated Hawes hat. Boys' and Chil- [j3J
up dren's Hats and Caps in endless |p
[73JJ variety. SJ
I Underwear 1
I and Hosiery! 1
P , P
Sj You make no mistake when -you de- &
Spend uiion us for j ood goods in E
l!S Underwear and Hosiery. >v e also S;j
[e have ready our stock of Fall Shirts, frSJ
P Neckwear, etc. Complete lines of all p
S| reliable makes of Overalls and Jackets. SI
1 McMEWAMIN'S I
LHat, Shoe and Gents' Furnishing Store,
86 Sou.tli Centre Street. pj
ea a irtLi a [TtMiBUITi Win
VThe Cure that Cures i
Coughs, &
V Colds, J
$ Grippe, fa
\ Whooping Cough, Asthma, J
Bronchitis and Incipient A
yjf Consumption, Is fcj
foUo'sl
The GERMAN fa
a\\ . 255^50^/1
The.... O
Wilkes-Barre T\ecord
Is the Best Paper in Northeastern
Pennsylvania....
It contains Complete Local, Tele
graphic and General News.
Prints only the News thut's fit to
Print....
50 Cents a Month. ADDRESS.
$6 a Year by Mail The Record,
or Carriers - - - WILKES-BARRE. PA.
RAILROAD TIMETABLES
LEHIGH VALLEY RAILROAD.
June 2, 1901.
ARRANGEMENT OF PASSENGER TRAINS.
LBAVB FKKELAND.
0 12 a m for Weatherly, Muucli Chunk,
AMoutown. Bethlehem, Euston, Phila
delphia und New York.
7 34 ii MI lor Sandy Itun, Wldto Haven,
Wilkes-liarre, Fittston and Scranion.
8 15 a in for Ila/.leton, Weuthcrly, Maueh
Chunk. A llciit'wn, Bethlehem. East on,
Philadelphia, New York, Delano and
Pott avi lie.
9 30 a HI for Ila/.leton. Delano, Mahanoy
City, rbcnandoah and .Mt. < armel.
11 42 a in for Wentherly. Maneli chunk. Al
leiitown, Bethlehem. Eastou, Phila
delphia, New York. Hu/.lelon, Delano,
Miiluinoy City, Shenandoah and Mt.
Carmel.
115 a in lor White Haven, Wilkos-Barre,
Seranton and the West.
444 pin lor Weatherly, Maueh Chunk, AJ
lentown. Hetlileheiii. Huston, Philadel
phia, New York, llazletoii, Delano,
Miilninov City, Sheuuiidoah. Mt. Carinei
and Pottsvlllo.
6 35 P ni for Sandy Hun, White Haven,
Wilkes-Harre, Seranion and all points
West.
7 29 P m for Hazleton.
Alt HIVE AT PHKELANI).
7 34 a ni from Pottsville, Delano and lla/,-
letou.
'9 12 a ni iroin New York, Philadelphia, Hus
ton, Itethlehein, Ailentown, Munch
Chunk. Weatherly, Ila/.leton. Mahanoy
City, Shenandoah and .Mt. Caruiel
; 9 30 a in from Seranton, Wilkes-Darre and
White liavcn.
I 1 1 5 1 a in from Pottsville. Mt. Carmel, Shen
andoah, Mahanoy City, Delano am)
1 in/, let on.
12 4Wp in from New York, Philadelphia,
Euston, Itethlehein, Ailentown, Maueh
Chunk and Weatherly.
4 44 p in from Seranton, Wilkes-itarre and
White Haven.
6 35 P ni from New York, Philadelphia,
Euston, Itethlehein Ailentown, Maueh
Chunk. Weatherly, Mt. Carmel, Shenan
doah, Mahanoy City, Delano and Huzle
ton.
7 29 ]> in from Seranton, Wilkes-itarre and
white Haven.
For further information inquire of Ticket
1 Agents.
; LIOLLIN n.WlLßUH, General Superintendent,
2tl Cortlandt Street, New York City,
i CHAS. S. LEE. General Passenger Ayent,
211 Cortlandt Street, New York City.
| (i. J. GILDUOY, Division Superintendent,
Ha/.luton. Pa.
DELAWARE, SUSQUEHANNA AND
SCHUYLKILL RAILROAD.
Tiine table in effect Marub 10,1001.
Trains leave Drifton for Jeddo, Eckiey, Hn/.ln
'.rook, Stockton, Beaver Meadow Hood, Jtoan
and Hazletou Junction at 000 a in, daily
jxeept Sunday; and 7 07 a in, 238 p m, Sunday.
Trains leave Drifton for Harwood, Cranberry,
romhiekeu and Demurer at 600 u in, daily
except Sunday; and 7 07 a m, 238 p in, Suu
lay.
Trains leave Drifton for Oneida Junction,
Garwood itoad, Humboldt Hoad, Oneida and
-beppton at 600 a m, daily except Suu
lay; and 7 07 a in, 2 38 p in, Sunday.
Trains leaveHu/.leton Junction for Harwood.
Cranberry, Tomhioken and Dcringcr at 6 3G a
n, daily except Sunday; and 8 63 a m, 4 22 p in
Sunday.
Trains leave HH/.leton .1 unction for Oneida
Junction, Harwood itoad, Humboldt ltoad
Oneida and Shcppton at 0 ;Ri, II 10 a ui, 4 41 p m*
laily except Sunday; and 7 37 a m, all pw'
. Sunday.
Trains leave Derinyor for Tomhicken, Cren
oerry, Haiwood, Hazieton Junction and ttoan
dt 600 p in, daily except Sunday; ana 'J 37
1 in, 5 07 p in, Sunday.
Trains leave Sbeppton for Oneida, Humboldt
Hoad, Harwood Itoad, Oneida Junction, lia/lo
on Junction and ttoan at 7 11 am, 12 40, sJrt
L> IU, dally except Sunday; and 8 1J A m, 3 44
i> m. Sunday.
Trains leave Sbeppton for Beaver Meadow
Hoad, Stockton, Hassle Brook, Eckiey, Jeddo
and Drifton at 5 26 p m, daily, except Sunday;
and 8 11 a m, 3 44 p m, Sunday.
Trains leave Hazieton Junction for Denver
Meadow Hoad, Stockton. Ilazle Brook Enklov
Jeddo and Drifton at 540 p , n dally
export Sunday; and 10 10 a m, 5 40 p m. Sunday'
AH trains connect at lla/Jeton Junction with
electric ours lor Ha/.letou, Jeanesville, Awden
ried and other poiuts on the Traction Coui
oany's line.
Train leaving Drifton at 600 a m mokes
connection at Deriuger with P. K. H. trains for
WUkeabarro, Sunbury, Harrisburg and poiuta
LUTHEH C. SMITH, Superintendent.