THE TINFOIL INDUSTRY. IT IS PURELY OF AMERICAN ORICIN AND GROWTH. The Flrnt Tinfoil Itolllne Mill Was K tablielietl ft New York City About Fif ty Yours Ago— Most Fleparycl Fooils Are Wrapped In It Millions of Founds Used Recent ornamental novelties made of pure tinfoil, lacquered with sold and embossed in various forms, man ufactured for the drug, confection ers' and tobacconists' trades, serve to call attention to an Invention and in dustry that are purely of American origin and growth. Before the inven tor of tinfoil hit upon the idea of rolling tin upon sheets of lead, the two metals being previously welded together, the only tinfoil known to the world was that of pure tin beaten by a process similar to that followed by gold-laaf beaters. This beaten tin was made in England, and only small quantities were imported into this country. Its use was limited be cause of its expense and its liability to tear. The first tinfoil rolling mill was established in New York City half a century ago, and It was started on such a modest scale that the rollers were obtained as second-hand Iron. The English-beaten tinfoil was found to be so expensive in this country that a cheaper method of making it was tried, and proved successful. The business of this early, but not ex tinct, tinfoil factory was thus an nounced: "Foil Rolling Mill and Me tallic Cap Works; tobacconists' foil, plain or embossed, tin sheet-foil for -druggists and bottlers, superior to the Imported article." In the half century which has fol lowed this modest beginning of an Industry great strides have been made In manufacturing tinfoil and in apply ing it to manifold commercial uses. New machines have been made to work it up into handsome ornamen tal forms, and considerable capital ha 3 been invested to extend its useful ness. There Is very little export trade in tinfoil, as the foil is also made extensively in England, France and Germany, but the home trade is adequately supplied by tho four tin foil factories in this country—two in New York, one in Philadelphia, and another in St. Louis. After tho ex piration of the original patents these four factories started almost simulta neously, and they have controlled the output of the material ever since. New machinery and processes for Improving the tinfoil are being invent ed nearly every year, and the qual ity of the material produced today Is Infinitely better than that of a dozen years ago. A good deal of the new machinery is mado to enhance the ornamental effects of the foil, but not a little of It is mado to Increase the strength and wearing quality of the material. In the druggist and confectonery trades the demand for very highly ornamental tinfoil effects is especially urgent, and artists of considerable ability are engaged to produce fancy patterns. The silvery surface of the tinfoil Is made more effective by fancy patterns of stars, figures and fine lines, which are stamped or embossed in the sheets by special machinery. Recently ma chinery was made to print the pat terns on the sheets of foil In colors. In order to do this the sheets of foil are put through regular printing cy linder presses, which not only color the patterns but stamp in the "dead" effects of various figures and lines. The machinery required for this deli cate work is quite elaborate and rep resents part of the Invested capital of the plant. The tinfoil is also lacquered hand somely with gold, which, in connec tion with the embossing and print ing In colors, produces remarkably artistic effects. Many large firms em ploy these fancy effects as trade marks which are stamped or printed on all the foil they use as wrapping for their articles. Tinfoil is growing rapidly In use for wrapping purposes where food and other articles must be kept from the air as much as possible. Its first use was for to bacco wrapping, and the demand in this trade stands first today. Fine ci gars. plug tobacco and cigarettes have the fine aroma of the tobacco and the natural moisture retained in definitely by this process. Most pre pared foods are wrapped in tinfoil, and now that the manufacture of these has grown tremendously the demand for tinfoil has increased al so to remarkable proportions. Cheese, yeast cakes, and other products of the delicatessen order require an nually tons of pure tinfoil. Confec fectioners also have resorted to the use of tinfoil for wrap ping their choice candies in prefer ence to tissue paper. The drug trade has found infinite uses for the foil be cause of its air-tight qualities, which keep the goods from direct contact with the atmosphere. Perishable goods shipped to warm, tropical countries are frequently wrapped in tinfoil to exclude the air and to retain the natural moisture. A combination of thin paper and tin foil is considered better for food pro ducts than the foil alone. It was con sidered better not to have the foil come In direct contact with the food, and consequently a machine was made by which the sheets of tinfoil and paper were firmly adhered together. These double sheets are used so that the paper alone comes in contact with the food, while tho tin serves all the purposes of excluding the air. There is considerable labor of folding saved by this process, and only one instead of two foldings is required for each ■separate article. Bottle caps are manufactured large ly out of tinfoil, but they are of a different quality and manufacture from that of the ordinary foil. The sheets for this work are spun on a lathe from a mixture of lead and tin. There is more lead in this foil than in the finer quality for general use. The foil is thicker and coarser, and as it never comes in contact with the contents of the bottle the amount of lead in it is immaterial from ths consumer's point of view. The thick ness of the tinfoil In common use runs from one-halt of one-thousandth <*t an Inch up to almost any thickness required by special trades. The thin ner the foil Is rolled or spun the more expensive it is. The foil is rolled usually in sheets 50 feet in length and in varying widths. Some ma chines are made to roll It 12 inches wide, but most of them have only half this width, as trade demands favor he narrower widths. After the sheets are rolled they are stamped, printed, and vmbossod in suitable sizes and patterns, and then cut up In lengths desired. Millions of pounds are required for the trade in this country, and the market price runs from 75 cents per pound for the handsome embossed and lacquered foil down to a few cents a pound for the cheaper grades.—G. E. W., in the Scientific American. THE HOME OF WOODEN TOYS. A District In the Tyrol TVhlch Is Wholly Given Over to Wood Carving. Two English girls have been telling rather an interesting story of life in the Gordner valley in the Tyrol, which is the homo of wooden toys and is lit erally given over to wood carving. "Baedeker" says that St. Ulrich, the capital of tho district, has 2300 wood carvers and a goo.l hotel. The Eng lish girls corroborate the statement and add that the place is well worth a visit, although, in order to enjoy it, one must stay there long enough to tramp up and down hill, and make acquaintances in tho little chalets where everyone, old and young, is busy with some sort of wood carving or toy making. One lives in good society in St. Ulrich. so it seems. Saints and he rocs of assorted sizes are ranged com fortably outside of the chalets and in the gardens, drying their lialos and robes. St. Peter, St. Paul, the Virgin and Andreas Hofer, the Tyrolean hero, hobnob on one corner; while St. An thony of Padua, repeated five times, dozes on a bench against the wall, and St. Florian, eight feet high, smiles from the steps at St. Sebastian, trun dled by in a barrow. Rows of fresh and shining angels are on every hand and look with be nign interest at whole squadrons of splendid rocking horses that go romp ing around the grounds, and hundreds of staring wooden dolls sit stiffly upon sunny shelves and envy the angels. Crucifixes are scattered everywhere. Noah's Ark animals stare, panic stricken, at piles of wooden skulls. Everywhere there is sawing, ham mering, chipping, painting. At tho age of six the children begin to learn tho carving trade, and they stick at it un til they die. The most famous wom an carver in the district carves noth ing but crucifixes and has done noth ing else for 20 years. All of her work is ordered long in advance, and as her prices, though low, are better than those of most of the carvers she makes a fair living. She use 3 no model. That is true of almost all of the workmen who have learned their craft through long years of experience. When a carver has evolved GOO St. Anthonys all of a pat tern, from tree trunks, he learns to know his saint and lias no need of a model. Very often a worker sticks to some one figure and attempts noth ing else, a method which opens up awful vistas of monotony. One family turns out brindled cows by tho gross. Another has for years carved nothing but skulls and cross bones. The English chronicler doesn't tell what effect the gruesome monot ony has had upon tho members of the family, but the situation sounds Maeterlinckian. One woman makes tiny woolen dolls and each of her children, even the five-year-old, has some part in the work. One shapes the legs, another paints tho face 3, another fits the parts together. Six hundred dozen of the dolls were stacked up against the wall when the English visitors called; and, for making the lot, the workers ex pected to receive about $3. In another cottage three genera tions of a family were busy painting wooden horses, and said proudly that they could turn out 20 dozen a day. None of the toys is sold at retail, all being intended for the big wholesale depots at SL Ulrich. On Saturday every mountain path is crowded with men. women and children carrying the wares to the depots. A flood of saints, angels, crucifixes and toys pours Into the de pots all day long; and. in the evening, the peasants turn homeward, ready for another wholesale creation week. —Now York Sun. r>ojfH in Europe. France is reported to hold the Eu ropean record for dogs. It Is stated that it contains no less than 2,864,000 dogs that are registered. Not only are there more dogs in France than in any other country in Europe, but there is also a greater number per thou sand inhabitants than in any othei European country. France has 75 dogs to every thousand of its inhabit ants. Then follow Ireland with 73, England with 38, Germany with 31, and Sweden with [l. It is very satis factory to find that societies for the protection of dogs are on the increase. Such societies do a noble work, and they are deserving of every encourage ment. —Paris Messenger. PEARLS OF THOUGHT. The reward of a thing well-done is to have done it. Idleness is both a great sin and the cause of many more. Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. Some men take a lifetime to prove how much wisdom they lack. A moral wrapped up in sugar goes down certainly, but it may be feared that it only goes down because of the sugar. It is only the critic and the philoso pher who can penetrate into all states of being, and realize their ltfe from within. There are seasons when to be still demands immeasurably higher strength than to act Composure is often the highest result of power. The art of putting men in the right places is the highest in the science of government, but that of finding places for She discontented the most diffi cult It is the compensation of the hum ble that the fountain of their blood is made sweet by denial, swift by plain fare, and strong by living close to nature's heart The habit of blaming others when things go wrong is an insidious and dangerous one. Far more is it to the purpose to inquire within whether the fault or much of it, may not lie at home. He who is everybody's friend is gen erally nobody's. The character which can shape itself to fit in every niche is like an India rubber ball, too mal leable to stay long anywhere or have much inside except air. BIG MAP FOR THE WHITE HOUSE. Coast-Survoy Work, Giving Complete Ge ographical Information. The coast and geodetic survey has for some timo been preparing a map of the world for the war room at the White House. It will cover one whole side of the room, which means dimen sions of perhaps 30 feet by 15. It con tains all the geographical information of a general nature that a president of the United Stales and his corps of telegraphers would seemingly need to know. It shows the location of all the ocean cables in the world, of all the coaling stations, of all the docks where ships may be repaired; and every foot of soil, including the smallest islands, is marked so as to indicate the sover eignty to which It is subject. This is done by the adoption of a color for each of the great colonizing powers. It is surprising to note the number of small Islands that already belong to the United States, through their acquisition for one purpose or another by American citizens. A notable fact about the ocean cables Is their abund ance In tho Atlantic ocean, between North and South America and Europe, and all the seas about the eastern hemisphere, but their conspicuous ab sence from tho Pacific. While cables skirt the continents bordering on the Pacific, they do not strike out boldly across that ocean. The contrast, as revealed in this way, between the eastern and western routes to the Ori ent is most marked. All our messages from Manila como necessarily by the old-world route. It is quite probable that whatever is done in Pacific cables by the United States, the Suez will re main the great route of communication because of its opportunities for local business. This also suggests that our own Isthmian canal, as a commercial route, will be across the direction of tho world's great commercial move ments. Olllcers of the coast survey say that they have had a great deal of trouble to bring this new map up to date in all particulars. Atlases and geographical text books are notoriously behind the times, so rapidly have changes been made In recent years upon the map of the world. The survey has accord ingly gone to first-class sources in each instance, through consular inquiries and otherwise, and hns made this map, as nearly as human handi work will do it, absolutely accurate. How long it will remain so is, ov course, another matter. Upon It the Philippine Islands and the country ad jacent appear twice, so as to show completely the sunset and sunrise routes.—New York Post Murom I.lnlnff and Miulc. It's mean to tell this joke, but It Is too good to keep. A popular society matron has a daughter who has a beau tiul voice and is a very pretty girl. She has never taken singing lessons, and some of the singers have been consulted by her as regards their terms. One of these instructors has talked a lot to the mother about giv ing her girl lessons, and assured her that he was the fellow to develop that voice until it would be a "peach." Ho argued the matter over and over again every time he saw the lady and finally she said: "I wish my daughter to learn to sing, Professor High Notes, but she is not well. She is suffering constantly from a sort of indiges tion, and I don't think she feels well enough to take the lessons." "Pooh, pooh, my dear madam," re plied the professor. "Nonsense! With my teaching and ten cents' worth of cream of tartar she will be cured at once." And yet that obstinate mamma lias not struck the trade. Maybe the daughter has objected to the ten cents' worth of cream of tartar. — Louisville Times. Tim Word "Onrrt'o." It is doubtful whether the word ga zette is from "gazza," meaning mag pie, or from "gazetta," a small coin. PRESENTIMENTS OF DEATH. A Curious Mental Condition us Yet Un explained. "Students of the occult have as yet been unable to explain that condition of the human mind which produces what are termed presentiments of death," said a specialist to a Wash ington Star reporter. "That certain persons have experienced this condi tion cannot now be denied. I know, however, of but two authentic cases which have come under my personal knowledge in a practice of medicine of over 40 years. "While in Cumberland, Md., a num ber of years ago, I new two men, both employes on the railroad, one at Cum berland and the other at Piedmont. Both were quiet, steady-going men. They were brothers-in-law, each hav ing married the sister of the other. "One day the Cumberland man, who was my patient, came to me and stated that he had dreamed the night before that his brother-in-law had been killed in a railroad accident So vivid was the dream that he even described to mo the wounds and their location on the body. He said that he was on his way to Piedmont to persuade his brother-in-law, who was a conductor, not to take his train out that day, and I advised him to follow his impres sion, for, while not a believer in pre monitions, the man's condition was such that I knew if he persuaded his brother-in-law from going out it would at least restore his normal condition. "He proceeded to Piedmont and ac quainted his brother-in-law with his dream. The latter laughed at his fears but finally consented to heed the warn ing and my patient returned home be lieving that liis mission had been ac complished. It appeared that the train dispatcher, learning of tho conductor's intention, sent for him and stated that unless he took his train out, the road being short-handed, he would be dis missed. Rather than his place, he boarded hi 3 train, and was killed In a collision four miles out of town. Singular, though true it is, the dead man's wounds were identical with those his brother-in-law had seen on his body in the dream. "The second case was that of a min er at Lonaconing, a few miles from Cumberland. He, too, was a patient of mine. One evening, before going on his shift in the mine, he talked with me for over an hour about the many fatal and other distressing accidents he had seen in the mines. He talked of nothing else, though it was the first time ho had ever broached the sub ject to me, as he was a hardy, fearless miner. While I did not question I was convinced that he had had a pre monition of death, but felt it unmanly to speak to his physician about it, probably believing that I would ridi cule him. His mind was in such a condition, however, that it forced speech on the subject of death, and he undoubtedly took that means of re lieving it, hoping to quiet his appre hensions. "The significance of it lay in the fact that that day was to be his last on a contract he had in the mine, and no doubt in his heart ho felt that ho ought not to go down the shaft. His manly courage prevented his giving way to his feelings. "He was killed. It seems that just as he was ready to start up the shaft, having completed his work, he had gone into an adjoining chamber for a shovel. As he stooped over, reaching for the shovel, a lot of slate, wliicTi is hard and sharp, fell from the roof, striking him in the back and nearly cutting him in twain. He lived long enough to tell his comrades that but for going back for the shovel be would have escaped with his life. "Speaking about accidents, reminds me of ono of the many which I in tho mines that illustrate how bard it is to kill some men, as it brings up the ease with which other men meet their death. A man will dislo cate his neck or break his back In a fall of three feet from a step ladder. Others have the nine lives of the proverbial cat. I knew of a miner who missed bis footing on the narrow track inside of a coal mine upon which the cars are run, and six of the loaded cars passed diagonally across his body. The cars were comparatively small, weighing about two tons loaded. In order to extricate him, his fellow miners found it necessary to run one of the cars back over his body. Strange to say, the man lived. He afterward went back to work in the mines, and so far as I know, lived for many years. He was alive when 1 left the region. It was one of the most remarkable in stances that ever came under my ob servation of the tenacity of life under conditions which ordinarily produce death." Advice to Mot Item. She—l can't make out how it is that Mrs. Wise lias fish for nearly every meal. It can't be for economy's sake, for she must be fairly well off. He—She ha 3 a large family of un married daughters, you know. She—Now, don't be nasty, and say something about girls and their brains; that's so old. He—Oh, no, I hadn't the slightest in tention of doing so. She —Well, can't you tell me? He—l don't know, I'm sure, unless It's because fish are rich in phos phorus. She —I don't see what that has to do with it. He —Perhaps not, but still It's good for making matches.—London King. Tim mil au "My dear sir, it strikes me t'mt this is a pretty round bill." "Yes, I have sent it aiv.und often enough to make is appear so, and now I hope to get it squared.'"—Baltimore Jewish Comment. MUchlef. Womlor who is Mischief; Bothers me nil day, me in the dnrdeu Where I go to piny. Fought I'd pick some f'owers; Fought I'd pick 'em nil. "Careful, dear, there's Mischief/* Heard my mnmmn cnll. Peeked 'round 'mong the posies, Touldn't see one ting, *Cept one little birdie, Dest u goiii' to sing. Never tould see Mischief, Always hides nwny, But ray mnmmn sees him Many times a day. 6nys he's in the pantry, Sees him on the shelf Where 1 climb for tookies, Says he is an elf. Prob'ly he's n Brownie, Tired of being good, Wish he'd stay in Elf-land; I-dest-wish-he-would. —Chicago ltecord-Herald. Something About Iceberg*. Navigators of the North Atlantic have to be constantly on watch during the summer months, for the icebergs that come down from Greenland and other Arctic regions. Some vessels are fitted with apparatus that gives immediate warning of the vicinity of one, but where there is no such ap paratus. the temperature of the water is taken at intervals, for an Iceberg will make a vast extent of sea cold. An iceberg is nothing but part of a glacier that has been detatched by the action of water, washing and beat ing against it. Some of them are of enormous size. It is generally accept ed by scientific men that only one eighth of the berg appears above the water. If, therefore, the part that is visible rises 50 feet above the surface, tho part under water would measure 350 feet. No wonder the sea captains havo a holy horror of them. Mimic Hoc Was n Sabbatarian. A little white dog that sits on tho music box of a blind man in Minne apolis, and permits people to drop pennies in a basket tied around his neck by a ribbon, on last Fourth of July refused to attend to business. He snarled and showed his teeth when any attempt was made to put on his uniform. The little fellow frisked and gambolled, tugged at his chain, bit the stump tails of his stray compan ions and generally misconducted him self. The blind man says that the dog has never been asked to work on Sun day. He thinks that Sunday ought to bo a day of rest for blind men and dogs as well as more fortunate be ings, so every Sunday the dog gets nn extra fine breakfast, consisting of boiled liver, and full liberty to do pre cisely as he pleases. Thus the littlo curly dog has come to regard Sunday as a full holiday, and he knows when the day comes around, because on that day his master puts on a white shirt and his best hat. The blind man is patriotic, and so on the Fourth he wore his white shirt and best hat, hence the little white dog thought that it was Sunday, and refused to work.—Our Dumb Animals. A 1101 l with lie ill IJiilr. There are dolls and dolls, but Na omi Oles, a Pennsylvania girl, has in her possession ono which is consid ered as valuable as any in the coun try. It has caused no end of comment in the locality where she lives, bo cause of the hair on the doll's head. If any of our girl readers were to malco a demand on their fahers for several locks of hair, to give realism to the headgear of a doll, they would probably be denied the boon, as some fathers have no hair to spare, while others, haunted by signs of approach ing baldness, are not anxious to make a sacrifice for a member of the nur sery. The hair of Naomi's doll actually came from the head of her father. It happened In this way: Twenty-one years ago Mr. Oles was the proud pos sessor of silken locks with a natural tendency to curl. As ho grew older his mother thought it was not becom ing that a boy of his age should wear such pendants, and it was with much persuasion that she finally induced him to have his hair cut. When the barber had shorn him of his locks the mother secured them and placed them away for safekeeping. Recently she had a doll's wig made of tho hair, and having had it placed upon a pretty doll, the grandmother presented it to Naomi. The little girl Is extremely proud of her gift, and seems to thoroughly realize the value of this doll with natural hair so pecu liarly secured. Naomi's present is the envy of all the little girl friends in tho vicinity of her homo.—Young people's Magazine. Tnbltllx'n