THE WORLD'S BEST ARMY
SWITZERLAND HAS A PRACTICALLY
PERFECT MILITARY SYSTEM.
Points in tho I-ittlo Republic's Defensive
Organization That the Great Powers
Might Copy "With Advantage—A Re
markable Condition of Preparedness.
It is generally conceded by military
experts that Switzerland is the best
organized country in the world from
a military point of view, and that its
laws governing military service and
the organization of the militia are
practicully perfect, writes the Wash
ington correspondent of the New
York Commercial Advert!sir. These
laws could not oe adopted entire in a
country where military service is purc
:ly voluntary, for they are based upon
the compulsory military education of
every citizen, but there are many
points in the Swiss system and organi
zation which, it is believed, will in
time be adopted by every civilized na
tion in the world.
Switzerland has about 16,000 square
miles of territory and a population of
about 3,000,000. Tho active army or
"elite," us it is called, comprises 135,-
000 men. These are apportioned among
the various branches of the service
about as follows: There are about
120,000 infantrymen, less than 3000
cavalry, about 0000 artillerymen and
6000 engineers. The sanitary or medi
cal and administrative troops number
4100. This, the peace strength of
Switzerland, Is practically 140,000
men. The war strength of that coun
try is about 500,000, not on paper, hut
in actual soldiers, for there are 52.000
trained men in what is known as the
first reserve and 275,000 in the second
reserve. These two reserves compose
what is known as the "landwehr,"
into which pass all soldiers of the
"elite" or active army, after a term
of service varying with the different
arms. The active army is thirty per
cent, of the entire military strength
of the country. These figures, of
course, have no application whatever
to the United States, for in this coun
try, with Its 87,000,000 people organ
ized on the same military basis as
Switzerland, there would be a stand
ing army of over 4,000,000 men, and
If organized on the basis of territory,
the American army would be 250 times
as great as that of Switzerland.
In Switzerland every able-bodied
citizen Is enrolled in the military serv
ice, beginning at his twentieth year.
His term of service, that is the time of
life during which he can be called
upon by the Government, contnues un
til his forty-fourth year. Government
officials, employes of the postofflce and
telegraph Institutions, government
workshops, hospital employes, peni
tentiary guards and customs officers
are among those exempt from this
war duty. Other exemptions are
clergymen, public school teachers, rail
road men and a number of other em
ployments necessary to tho transac
tion of public business. Every able
bodied citizen who is exempt, however,
must take part in a course of a mili
tary Instruction and be enrolled. Crim
inals are excluded from the military
service.
The "elite," or active army, is com
posed of men from twenty to thirty
two years of age. The "landwehr," or
reserves, Is composed of men from
thirty-three to forty-five. The army is
composed of a general staff and the
staffs of tlie different branches of (he
service, infantry, cavalry, artillery nnd
engineer corps, medical corps and ad
ministration corps. The examinations
for recruits nro fairly severe, and no
one Is permitted to enlist who fails to
possess the requisite physical at
tributes of a soldier. Tlie general di
visions of the army nro governed by
the political division of the country,
each district furnishings its quota of
troops, so that no soldier when ho goes
to muster or drill Is compelled to un
dertake a long journey.
In all tlie branches of the service the
non-commissioned officers nre promot
ed by the captains on the recommenda
tions of officers of lesser rank. The
corporals nnd high privates nre ap
pointed from among tlie soldiers who
have obtained certificates of capacity
in the schools of recruits. The ser
geants nre taken from tho corporals,
and the sergeant-majors from among
the sergeants. No man is permitted to
receive promotion without passing a
thorough examination suitnble for the
grade to which he is to he advanced.
The seleetlou of officers is made upon
the double recommendation of a com
mission presided over by the chief of
the military department as well as
that of the commander under whose
orders the officer to be appointed is
to serve. The federal council appoints
the officers of the general staff. A spe
cial section of the general staff is
formed from the administrative and
managing personnel of railways. These
officers direct the railway service dur
ing war and become attached to the
chief of the traffic service.
The military education of the boys
commences with their tenth year, anil
from that time until they leave the
primary schools they attend gymnas
tic courses preparatory to military ser
vice. These courses are superintended
by school teachers who have received
military education. Beginning with
the eighteenth year shooting practice
is added to the military drill and con
tinues until the twentieth year, when
they become liable to military service.
Every two years the national forces
are given camp exercise of sixteen
days' duration, the regiments being or
dered out in rotation. In years In
which there is no other military serv
ice all men enrolled In the army par
ticipate in the shooting practices, eith
er ns members of voluntary societies
or at reunions especially organized for
the purpose. At the option of the fed
eral council general mobilization of all
the troops In the country take place la
such way as to Interfere with the busi
ness of the people to the least degree.
Eneh military district holds under
Its responsible care a full equipment
for the total number of soldiers which
that district can be called upon to
furnish. The federal government pays
all the expenses of the entire military
organization, but holds the local gov- ;
ernmeuts responsible for the care and !
equipment of supplies. The manufac- j
ture of war material is reserved to the !
jurisdiction, of the federal government.
The pen.*} manoeuvres anticipate ;
war conditions in everything that is |
done, and the law is so complete in Its
detail that the moment war was de- |
clared the whole country would come
tinder the jurisdiction of the war de- j
parmcnt in the conduct of nearly every :
function of government and public ser
vice. This military law of Switzer
land has been In force since 1574, with
very slight changes. It lias been
studied by nearly every military ex
port from other countries and is looked
upon as practically perfect. Under j
this law Switzerland is converted into i
a single military organization, which,
at the first alarm, can turn n warlike j
face toward the world. Such a state \
of effectiveness Is made necessary by
the geographical situation of the
country, and the Swiss people do not
appear to find anything obnoxious in
this all-prevailing military orgauiza- I
tlon. One reason for this is that it is !
communal, a feature of the entire I
Swiss government in the exercise of [
all its functions. It would not be |
necessary nor would it be possible to I
secure the adoption of the Swiss sys- j
tern in any country of the character '
of the United States, but in the mill- I
tary law of Switzerland, going as it !
does into the most minute detail of the |
organization of a people for the in
stant defense of the integrity of their
country, many valuable suggestions
can be secured for a uniform organiza- I
tlon which will necessarily be effect- 1
ed sooner or later.
Tlie Grand Medicine Man.
The ceremony of the Grand Medi- j
cine is an elaborate ritual covering j
several days, the endless number of
gods and spirits being called upon to j
minister to the sick man and |
lengthen his life. The several degrees ]
of the Grand Medicine teach the use ]
of incantations, of medicines and poi- j
sons, and the requirements necessary
to constitute a brave. "When a young i
man seeks admission to the Grand |
Medicine Lodge, he first fasts until he ;
sees in his dream some animal (the
mink, beaver, otter and fisher being j
most common), then ornamented with I
beads or porcupine quills, and the '
spirit of the animal becomes the friend >
and companion of the man." The med
icine men have only a limited knowl
edge of herbs, but they are expert in
dressing wounds, and the art of ex
tracting barbed arrows from the flesh
can be learned from them.
In olden times—yes, to within the
memory of living Ojibways—the medi
cine man at the funeral ceremony
thus addressed the departed: Dear i
friend, you will not feel lonely while J
pursuing your journey toward the set
ting sun. I have killed for you a
Sioux, (hated enemy of the Ojibways), j
and I have scalped him. He will ac- j
company you and provide for you, '
hunting your food as you need it. The
scalp I have taken, use it for your t
moccasins."—The Open Court.
Something in llesorre,
A young lady had a train to catch, I
and chartered a cab, which unfortun- j
atel.v was drawn by a very wretched 1
horse, paving told cabby that she had
to reach the station in twenty minutes, j
away the vehicle dashed at five miles
an hour.
They had barely got fifty yards, how
ever. before the lady put her head out I
of the window and requested the driv- '<
er to whip the horse, as she would •
otherwise miss the train. He accord- I
ingly did so.
A little further on she asked him to |
administer the whip once more, as the i
cab was only just moving. Cabby
again complied. Soon after she said: i
"Can't you hit him on the head so as |
to wake him up a bit?"
Looking at the young lady, the cabby
exclaimed:
"Well, miss, I've 'it the hanimal all
over 'is bloomin' body except 'is left i
ear, and I'm savin' that for the last
'iUJ"—London Answers.
Power or . Chilli's Girt.
A little crippled girl who died In
Plniuliold, N. J., ten years ago left her
savings of $2.30 to the church she
loved, and the pennies were put In the
bank. She had intended to use them
to purchase a doll carriage, but when
told she would not live to enjoy it
made the disposition of her mite in the
manner stated. When a S2OOO mort
gage pressed upon the church recent
ly the pastor of the church remem
bered the baby's legacy and asked his
parishioners to do as well as the little
cripple. The magic of example worked
to a charm. The money was raised at
a single collection under the inspira
tion furnished by this example of de
votion, and the church is free from
debt "And a little child shall lead
them." —Philadelphia Times.
Generous Diet For the Tropics.
"Experience shows," says Major (3.
W. Ruthers, of the commissary de
partment, "that the American soldier
serving in these islands needs the full
nrmy ration, including the full allow
ance of fresh beef; his health cannot
be maintained without It. In addi
tion, his appetite apparently craves
sweets anil acids." In this connection
he mentions the demand for saur
kraut Without abundance of nutri
tious food, he says the health of an
American cannot be maintained in
the Luzon climate. The health of the
Filipinos living on American foods, he
says, is much better than those living
on native foods.—Washington Post.
Long Hair
" About a year ago my hair was
coming out very fast, so I bought
a bottle of Ayer'a Hair Vigor. It
stopped the falling and made my
hair grow very rapidly, until now it
is 45 inches in length."—Mrs. A.
Boydston, Atchison, Kans.
There's another hunger
than that of the stomach.
Hair hunger, for instance.
Hungry hair needs food,
needs hair vigor— Ayer's.
This is why we say that
Ayer's Hair Vigor always
restores color, and makes
the hair grow long and
heavy. Sl.0 a t-ttle. All dratlliU.
If your druggist cannot supply you,
send us one dollar and we will express
you a bottle. Bo sure and give the nam#
Of your nearest express office. Address,
J. C. AYER CO., Lowell, Bfass.
Dizzy ?
Then your liver isn't acting
well. You suffer from bilious
ness, constipation. Ayer's
Pills act directly on the liver.
For 60 years they have been
the Standard Family Pill.
Small doses cure. All druggists.
J \V;Mt your mmiitiiVlie or beard a bvautiful
brown or rich black ? Then use
DUCKI o NGHAM;SDYEj?£A e er.
Convicts Mak ng Binding Twine.
The use of binding -twine I*s so pen
*ral that the industry of manufactur
ing it lias become one of magnitude.
The states of Kansas and Minnesota
have state binding twine plants where
the convicts of the penitentiary pre
pare the twine for farmers at cost.
The state of Kansas will this year use !
about 12.000,000 pounds of twine at a
cost of about 10 cents a pound, of
which the state plant will furnish one
fourth.
f.aundrring Thin Dreascn*
To launder the exquisite creations of mus
lins and lace in whicn this season abounds hus
become quite a problem, yet the most delicate
materials will not be injured if washed with
Ivory Soap and dried in the shade. But little
starch need be used. ELIZA K. PARKER.
The present year will see the starting
of at least three expeditions, representing
three different nations, in an attempt to
solve some of the mysteries of the bouth
Polar regions. One will sail from Ger
many, another from England, and a third
from Sweden. The Swedish expedition is
the latest to be organized, but it has been
undertaken with enthusiasm, and King Os
car will personally give it linuncial aid.
Indians of the Colorado.
The Cocopa Indians of the Lower
Colorado (in both Baja, California and
Sonora) are of Interest partly because
they have practically escaped atten
tion on the part of scientific investi
gators until within a few months ago,
and partly because of the customs
which distinguish them from most
neighboring tribes. They are essen
tially an agricultural folk, though their
agriculture is of the most primitive
sort, affording, Indeed, a better pic
ture of prehistoric agricultural meth
ods than those of any other known
tribe. Their customs well illustrate,
too, the dependence of primitive in
dustries, modes of life and even habits
of thought, on surroundings; for, like
the fellaheen of the lower Nile, they
are creatures of the river along which
they live, driven from the bottom
lands by the annual freshets, and
brought back by ensuing droughts to
plant anew in the soil fertilized by
the annual silt deposit. Perhaps of
primary interest among their customs
Is their disposal of the dead. They not
only distribute the property of the de
ceased among non-relatives, but burn
the body and the habitation together.
A considerable part of the tribal lore
Is connected with the mortuary cus
tom; and custom and lore together
afford the remarkable insight into the
esoteric life of primitive peoples.
As early as 1000 there were 40.000
operatives in the English silk mills
and cocoon houses.
Garfield headache powders help people to
feel well even in tho extremely hot weather ;
by their use a headache can bo cured quickly
and the whole system toned and refreshed.
A trial ahvavs repava.
The King of Italy received 20.000
telegrams o'f congratulations in the
first day or two after uie birth of hi?
daughter. He also received 20.000 re
quests for money in honor of the
event. •
Each package of PUTNAM FADELESS DTF.
eolors more goods than any other dye and
colors them better too. Sold by all druggists.
Of 2000 pigeons set free at Spandau, the
majority reached Hamburg, a distance of
160 miles, in three hours.
Some people act like fools and other
people don't have to act.
f.ndire Can Vicar Sliora
One phu smaller after using Allen's Fot
, Ease, a powder for tin feet. It makes tight
or nr w shoes easy. Cures swollen, hot, sweat
ing, aching fee 4 , ingrowing nails, corns and
bunions. At all (lr:;g rista and shoe stores,
25<\ Trial package FitEE by mail. Aildsoss
Allen S. Olmsted, Le Roy, N. Y.
Myrrh, which comes from Arabia and
Persia, was used as medicine in the time
of SolomoD.
Bret For the Bowels.
No matter what ails you, headache to a
cancer, you will never get well until your
bowels dre put right. CAHCAYKTR help naiare,
cure you without a grip* or pain, produce
easy natural movements, cost vou just 10
cents to start getting your healthbaok. CAS
CARETS Caadv Cathartic, the genuine, put up
in metal boxes, every tablet has 0. C. C.
stamped on it. BeOare of imitations.
The frog is a kicker, but the fish get*
along rwunxTvngly.
A London diamond merchant, while*
going to his office recently, in a fit of
abstraction pulled an old envelope out
of his pocket and commenced to tear
It up. When he reached tho last
section the terrible fact dawned on
him that it was the envelope in which
were some 1,000 small diamonds val
ued at SSOO, and that he had been
sowing these broadcast over a public
thoroughfare. Some of them have
been recovered, but others have never
been heard from.
FITS permanently cured. No fits or nervons
ness after first day's use of Dr. Kline's Great
Nerve Restoror. $2 trial bottle and treatise free
Dr. R. H. KLINE, Ltd., 881 Arch St.. Phila. Pa
The self-made man never thinks of
apologizing for himself.
Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup for children
teething, soften the gums, reduces inflamma
tion, allays pain, cures wind colic. 25c a bottle
It is easy to fall into a fortune without
hurting yourself.
I am sure Piso's Cure for Consumption saved
my life three years ago.—Mas. THOMAS ROB
BINS, Maple St., Norwich, N.Y., Feb. 17, 1900.
It is easier to pay compliments than to
pay debts.
Albert Burch, West Toledo, Ohio, says;
"Hall's Catarrh Cure saved mv life." Write
him for particulars. Sold by "Druggists, 75c.
An uncertain temper is better than one
that is certainly baa.
H. H. GREEN'S SONS, of Atlanta. Oa., are
tho only successful Dropsy Specialists in tho
world. See their liberal offer in advertisement
in another column of this paper.
It takes a pointed remark to get into
some heads.
Sailors do not constitute the floating
population.
Simple and effective : thceo aro two of the
roasons why Garfield Headache Powders meet
with tho approval of conservative people ;
they contain nothing that harms or deranges
tho system and they cure many bad l'eelings.
Speaking of women who cry, the Eskimo
women fairly live on blubber.
If You Wish
solving a comparatively easy
T HOUGHT T EST, which will give
the name of a well-known flow
er, send your name and address
to "THE UNIQUE MONTHLY,"
Dept. A, Temple Court,
New York.
The University of Notre Dame,
NOTRE DAME, INDIANA.
Classics, Letters, Economics and History,
Journalism, Art, Science, Pharmacy, Law,
Civil, Merltai leal and Electrical Eugineer
i.ig. Architecture.
Thorough Preparatory and Commercial
CoiuM't. Kc< ICB a-tical students at special
Rooms Free Junior or Senior Year Colleg
iate Courses. Rooms to Hnt{ moderate
charge.
.sr. Edward's Hall, for hoys under 13.
Tho 58th Year will open .September 10th,
11)01.
Catalogues Free. Address
R .V. A. MO It It 198 £Y, C. 8. C„ President.
DROPSY JMf/KTSS'&a
e.tes- Book of testimonial* and lOilrt*' treatment
Free. Dr. H. H. OREENB BUNS. Box B. Atlanta, Oa.
"The Store tliat marie West Point fiuneni.''
McILHENNY'S TABASCO.
FREY'S VERMIFUGE
/A, \ The children's tonlo,
1 I cures or WORMS. Removes
1 I them effectually and wlth-
out pain. 60 years' record
N V°' BUCCe9B ' i* re-
V yu \ J mody for all worm troubles.
V ' " / Eutlrely vegetable. 25cts.
V , nt druggists, country stores
.. or by mall.
I£. A 8. PREY. Baltimore. Md.
P. N. U. 29. 1901.
■j Boat Cough Syrup. Tastes Good. Use gl
Thompson's Eye Water
A LUXURY WITHIN THE REACH OF ALL.
"The Enigma in the Sun."
_ I | I / Bun ' 9 in the East
\\ \ \ I // / And as on it we garc.
- J \W\ \\ 111/ // eyCS Up ° n the ,e S cnc * f east
tan*™*
What mean the words, "September firat,
September first? That is the date
I \yff / ywr Most useful gifts for young and old,
Our newest List, or, take your pen,
And write a letter straight to us—
A two-cent stamp inclose.
We'll forward you the List, and thus.
Watch our next advertisement. No trouble you impose.
Just try a package of LION COFFEE and you will understand
the reason of its popularity.
WOOLSON SPICE CO.. TOLEDO, OHIO.
Canoe-building is one of the In
dustries of Ken neb link port, Me.,
which used to build great ships, and
even now launches an occasional
schooner.
Prevent
Baldness
And Cleanse the Scalp of Crusts,
Scales, and Dandruff by
Shampoos with
And light dressings with CUTICURAj purest of
emollients and greatest of skin cures. This
treatment at once stops falling hair, removes
crusts, scales, and dandruff, soothes irritated,
itching surfaces, stimulates the hair follicles,
supplies the roots with energy and nourishment,
and makes the hair grow upon a sweet, whole
some, healthy scalp when all else fails.
Millions of Women
USE CUTTCURA SOAP, assisted by Cuticura Ointment, the
great skin cure, for preserving, purifying, and beautifying
the skin, for cleansing the scalp of crusts, scales and dan
druff, and the stopping of tailing hair, for softening, whitening,
and soothing red, rough, and sore hands, for baby rashes, itchings,
and chafings, in the form of baths for annoying irritations and
inflammations, or too free or offensive perspiration, in the form of
washes for ulcerative weaknesses, and many sanative, antiseptic
purposes which readily suggest themselves to women and mothers,
and for all the purposes of the toilet, bath, and nursery. Na
amount of persuasion can induce those who have once used
these great skin purifiers and beautifiers to use any others. CUTI
CURA SOAP combines in ONE SOAP at ONE PRICE, the
BEST skin and complexion soap, the BEST toilet and baby soap
in the world.
Complete External and Internal Treatment for Every Humour,
a 4 Consisting of CUTICURA SOAP, to cleanse the skin of crusts and
scales ami soften the thickened cuticle, CUTICURA OINTMENT, to
ml! UIjU I rfß Instantlv allay itching, inflammation, and irritation, and soothe
and heal, and CUTICURA RESOLVENT, to cool and cleanse the
blood A SINGLE SET IS often sufficient to euro tho most tortur-
THb OCT lug, disfiguring, and humiliating skin, scalp, and blood humours,
with loss ot hair, when all else fails Sold throughout the world. British Depot: F. NEW
BKur A SONS, 27 2H, Charterhouse SQ., London. POTTKR DRUG AND CUKM. CORP.. Sole
Props.. Boston, U. S. A.
The vegetarian movement does not
appear to have made noteworthy In
roads tipon the armies of the meat
eaters. Never was the demand for
flesh food so extensive.