LOCKJAW GERM
ODD WAYS IN WHICH TENANUS MAY
ENTER THE SYSTEM.
llacillii* Darks in Dirt ami Any Scratch
May Admit It—(.'RUM from Toy I'istnls,
Divine and Hare Feet Dancer from
Fishes Alto-Symptoms or tlio Disease.
The lockjaw bacillus Is a formid
able beast. It is inseparable from
dirt. Dirty hands, lurking bacillus. A
scratch or cut —and the mischief is
done, declares a writer in the Now
York Sun.
The unenlightened public persists in
associating all lockjaw with rusty
nails, and quite refuses to accept the
bacillus that was formally introduced
in 1885. As a matter of fact, the
nail's only function is the making of
a wound through which the poison
1 can enter the system, and an oyster
shell or a toy pistol can serve the
purpose of the bacillus quite as well
as a nail.
Why this bacillus should be espe
cially prevalent in certain localities
scientists do not explain, but the fact
remains. The Shrewsbury river is a
liappy hunting ground for the beast,
and a clam shell out of the mud, down
there, may inflict a scratch that will
mean death. All Long Island mud is
full of the bacillus, and the {act that
Long Island children live to grow up
would sneak volumes for their clean
liness, were it not that exposure to
sunlight kills tho bacillus immediate
ly, and so the sun fights for the pres
ervation of the Long Island species.
New York itself isn't inhospitable to
the tetanus bacillus. In 1899 there
were 90 deaths from lockjaw in New-
York City and its vicinity, many of
the cases being duo to accidental
wounds made by toy pistols on the
Fourth of July. Tho pistol wounds in
themselves would not have bothered
the small boys more than on any
other Fourth. Probably there were no
more of the wounds than there usually
are on that glorious day; but, un
luckily for tho owners of the pistols,
lockjaw bacilli were out in tremen
dous numbers that season and seized
the opportunity offered by tho pistol
wounds. No boy can celebrate the Dec
laration of independence properly
and keep his hands clear, so there
wjjs no escaping the hirldng fgf.
Last y'ea\* tv?S ch'ses or lockjaw in
this city were due to abrasions on the
head, caused by diving in shallow
water. The diver in each case struck
his head against simething sharp on
the river bottom, and the bacillus in
the mud entered through the cut,
causing lockjaw within a few hours.
A wound upon tho face or head, if
affected by the bacillus, will be more
dangerous than a wound upon the foot
. or hand. The poisoning develops
more rapidly and is more violent in
form. A large majority of lockjaw
cases originate in tho feet or hands
of the sufferers because those parts
of the body are most exposed.
In warm climates the disease is
more common than in colder locali
ties, not because the germ revels in
heat, but because the feet are less
heavily shod in warm countries and
so are more liable to injury.
For the same reason in the south,
more Negroes than Caucasians have
lockjaw. The Negro makes a practice
of going barefoot and his feet are fre
quently scratched or cut. In one re
cent mild case of tetanus poison,
caused by stepping upon a nail, a
New York doctor analyzed leather
scrapings taken from the shoe, around
the point of incision, and found them
full of tetanus bacilli which had been
rubbed from the nail in Its passage
through the thick leather. Had the
patient's foot been bare, the germs
would have entered the wound.
Another New York doctor tells of
I several cases of lockjaw which he has
treated, while at his summer home,
and which have been caused by the
introduction of tho tetanus bacillus
through wounds made by the horns of
catfish.
"I have known of tetanus poisoning
from cuts made by fish fins and from
lobster claws and from oyster or clam
shell," said the doctor to a Sun report
er, "and I'd advise any one to suck a
wound like that vigorously, the instant
It is made. The poison isn't ordinarily
on the fish or the shell, but it is on the
• dirty hands, and a fisherman is pretty
likely to have dirty hands and to get
occasional scratches in handling fish."
The mosquito carries the tetanus
bacillus along with other germs, and
in localities whore the bacillus Is
plentiful cases of lockjaw for which
no cause could at first be found have
I been traced To mosquito bites".
In violent cases of lockjaw tho poi
son toxine may develop and produce
alarming symptoms within a few
hours after tho entrance of tho bacil
lus into the blood, but in most cases
. the development is slow at the outset.
A The trouble shows first in a soreness
and stiffness of the side neck muscles,
and gradually slight spasms of the
muscles appear.
These spasms increase in violence,
and extend to the muscles at the back
of the neck, and then to the entire
spine and trunk. The abdominal and
chest muscles become rigid, and the
spine is ordinarily curved. The face
takes on grimaces, with the forehead
furrowed, the angles of the mouth
drawn back into a grin, and the jaw
firmly set; and this facial expression,
in connection with the hoarse noise
made by the sufferer, renders a case
of violent tetanus poisoning one of
the most frightful sights In the range
of medical experience. Chronic con
vulsions sweep over ho body, at inter
vals more and more frequent, ns the
case becomes more violent. The
slightest noise or jar or even a current
of air being enougb to bring on one
of the spasms. It is only during these
convulsions that the patient suffers
<J pain.
Mild cases may last several weeks;
but in acute cases, death occurs in
from one to seven days, and then mor
tality is very high. It is estimated
that about 90 percent of the cases end
fatally, and, among infants, there is
no recovery. The mortality from lock
jaw is. however, decreasing, as a*
knowledge of the nature of the disease
becomes more widespread and jihysl
cian3 learn how to treat it.
Analysis has shown that tetanin poi
son is much like strychnine poison in
its effects, though much stronger, and
various experiments have been made to
find an antitoxin that will neutralize
the poison. While the results have
not been thoroughly satisfactory,
prompt inoculation with tetanin anti
toxin is undoubtedly valuable in many
cases and should always be tried, if
that is possible.
Thorough cauterization of the wound
is necessary, and. if done promptly,
will ordinarily prevent danger; but
the difficulty is that the wound is often
too slight to occasion any notice or
alarm until the toxin has developed
and the harm is done.
When the disease is once fully de
veloped tho physician has a difficult
proposition upon his hands. The pa
tient is relaxed by the use of chloro
form, and hypodermic morphine and
bromide injections are given. Hot ap
plications are sometimes beneficial.
The patient is kept in a dark room
and absolutely quiet, the slightest ex
citement being enough to bring on con
vulsions. If there is no tooth missing
in the patient's closed jaw it is not
unusual to extract one, so that a stom
ach tube may be passed through the
opening and nourishment given in that
way. Artificial respiration is often
necessary. A case developing before
the sixth day ha 3 chances of recov
ery; but. if the trouble does not ap
pear until after the 12th day. there is
comparatively little hope for the pa
tient.
MORALS AND HEALTH.
Important Facts Discovered by tlie Sci
entific Study or Children.
The school systems of the whole
world are likely to be revolutionized
by certain investigations which have
been made recently In Chicago, writes
Edward Marshall in Frank Les
lie's Popular Magazine. Seven
thousand school children have been
examined and experimented with as
carefully and as scientifically as any
student is taught to experiment with
chemicals in a school laboratory.
Throe facts of tremendous interest to
every father and to every mother who
have intelligence enough to appreciate
the high privilege of parentage have
been discovered.
First, it has been found that quite
as much depends upon physical devel
opment as upon the mental calibre of
school children. In fact, the investi
gation shows that the two are almost
co-ordinate. Admitting, as in every
other generalization, that there are
many exceptions to the rule, it has
been proved that the strong child and
the big child is the bright child in
school.
Secondly, it has been found that a
serious difference exists between girls
and boys in mental capacity. This is
so great that it may lead eventually
to the abandonment of the education
of the two sexes in common.
Thirdly, Professor Lomfaroso'a the
ory that the perfect man physi
cally is more likely to bo the
perfect man morally than is the
man who is not perfect, has been
substantiated. The prize-fighter and
the professional athlete will imme
diately come to mind in refutation of
two of these statements —that con
cerning dependence of mental develop
ment upon physical development and
the dependence of moral development
upon physical development and sym
metry. Nevertheless, careful study
of men of this class will show that
they are not perfect physically; that
it, that they are not norma!. It will
show that in nine cases out of 10. and,
indeed, in 99 cases out of a hundred,
the physical development of such per
sons is abnormal. Perfection, to the
mind of the scientist, means absolute
normality. Certain qualities of th"
body of the prize-fighter have been
developed at the expense of certain
other qualities. There are certain
things about their physical make-up
which are as distinctly below the
average as the muscles with which
they fight and for which they espe
cially train are above the average. If
James Corhett or Robert Fitzsimmons,
the pugilists, were 7>ut through tho
v.'h!cl 'the 7000 Chicago
school children have undergone, their
average would, in all human proba
bility, be found to be very low. The
fact that the college athlete is gener
ally not a particularly good student
by no moans disproves the results ob
tained by the Chicago investigators.
That he is a notable athletic of itself
suggests physical abnormality.
It is the normal man who is apt to
be the most moral man. It Is the nor
mal man who is commonly the hap
piest man. It is the normal man who
usually makes the member o! society.
The genius in any line may very likely
not be the best citizen, because he is
abnormal.
(Ton HI, Way.
At Cornell university there Is a
young fellow with remarkable grit.
To begin with, he had sllO. Of this
sum he paid SIOO for tuition, and the
remainder for hooks. He found a
place where he could get his board
for waiting upon the tabic. Ho suc
ceeded in getting a room by tending
a furnace in the house. He has gone
right along with his studies, without
incurring debt. The future must hold
a bright place for such a young man—
and he is not alone in one college.—
Success.
It requires no experience to dye with PCT
>A* FADKUMS DIM. simply'boiling ronr
f>y°aU di iT necessary. Bold
bAl,'7, C I! ty s ' ca ,7; a s ™ a, l lighthouse
In the Orkneys, 14,000 hours of storm have
iieen recorded.
Walnut* came originally from Persia
almonds from Central Asia.
Ask Your Dealer for Alton's Foot-Esßc,
A powder to shako into your slices ; rests the
£ C t' rPS Tt * Corns Bunions. Swollen, Bore,
Hot, Callous, Aching, Sweating Feet and In
growing Nails. Allen's Foot-Easo makes new
or tight shoes easy. At all druggists and
shoo stores, 25 cts. Pample mailed FREE
Address Allen H. Olmsted, Leltoy, N. Y.'
Recent estimates place the number of
electric mining locomotives in operation
in Pennsylvania at 250.
A 'lontb * Teat Free.
II you have Dyspepsia, write Dr. Shoop
Facine, Wis., Box 148, for six bottles of Dr!
Whoop's Restorative. Exp. paid. Send no
money. Pay $5.50 if cured.
AH the machinery for grinding and pol
ishing glass of a new Toledo plate glass
plant is run by electric motors.
Clieck Thai I'gly Cough
With Hoxsle's Croup Cure. Mailed on receipt
of 50 cents. A. 1\ Hoxsie, Buffalo, N. Y.
Hollanders find it cheaper to import
ha}' from La Plata than to raise it on their
own meadows.
The World Offers
Nothing so good HB Garfield Headache Pow
ders for headache® and norvousness; tlioy
cure quickly and do not harm. Bond to Gar
field lea Co., Brooklyn, N. Y., for samples.
The branches of the Mississippi River
have an aggregate length of 15.000 miles.
I am sure JPiso's (Jure for Consumption saved
my life three years ago.—Mas. THOMAS BOB
BINS, Maplqßt., Norwich, N.Y., Feb. 17, 1900.
Before the discovery of sugar, drinks
were sweetened with honey.
•> *!♦*!♦*!**■*■*!* *l= ♦!
I COME AND GO I
A J*
.1 la many forms 1
A x
& Rheumatism
| Neuralgia Z
:j: Lumbago £
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$► make up a large part of human
buffering. They come suddenly,
y but they go promptly by the
! St. Jacobs Oil §
which is a certain sure cure.
Z I
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Virginia had the largest population of
anv of tho Statea at tne first ccnsua in
1700.
This is the Smallest
WICKLESSE™.OILSTOVE
A LUXURY WITHIN THE REACH OF ALL!
'LAYING DOWN THE LAW."
J? THE poet writes his simple lay,
In our >/Tir The builder lays bricks by the day,
P ///N The carpet man lays carpets too,
Koastmg y ILJ \$ -\J*\ |v\\ So all are "laymen," good and true.
Establish- I (VT The . llen la >' s e S? s for all mankind,
I '} A 'm!Vl i Which daily in their nests we find.
nientS we I U. I . / But the funniest sight we ever saw,
positively KyV/lf Was Paddy "laying down the law."
do not allow Ijs/f ¥ „ Pat boasted to a friendly "Cop,"
.. . a 1/71 f H ISW> -aa Who often visited his shop,
the use of I That he'd a lion tamer been—
Eggs, ASy/, 1 The fiercest lions ever seen—
c„„ Mi.i.™, t£h ' f, iA v ' I/ >, And claimed in manner rather fresh,
tgg mixtares, o d&y/ !i M/lf" —"V, That he'd oft eaten lion's flesh.
Glue, JKP*?i
Chemicals, MW&MUiMXI That " drank " Lion ev ery day.
nr eimilor "What's that ye say J" then Paddy cried
or similar 'hShK&SF "Ye spalpeen; shure Oi think ye lied."
substances. 9HIOP@Si H ' fi >4R .ifgr~T. / The cop said "you're too fresh I think,
, It's LION COFFEE that I drink—
LIUIN ~ — It's pure and strong, and healthy too,
fAianRE And helps a man his work to do.
CO FrEE I take a cup or two to meet
is an .. . _ The trials of my weary beat!"
° a 1 Watch our noxt advertisement, . J
absolutely The last word just seemed to suggest
Pure Coffee. Just try a package of LION COFFEE HUfiTflewout'lhe^felldown
and you will understand the reason of its While Paddy's face assumed a frown.
oooularitv Ye fooled me, did yez!" he exclaimed
■ As still another blow he aimed.
LION COFFEE ls now used in nul- " I hope yez will excuse me paw—
lions of homes. Tis fond of "laying down the law!"'
In every package of LION COFFEE you will find a fully illustrated aud descriptive list. No housekeeper, in
fact, no woman, man, boy or girl will fail to find in the list some article which will contribute to their happiness
comfort and convenience, and which they may have by simply cutting out a certain number of Lion Heads from
the wrappers of our one pound sealed packages (which is the only form in which this excellent coffee is sold).
WOOLSON SPICE CO., TOLEDO, OHIO.
1 "'The Stnre flint mmle West Point fumoni,"
McILHENNY'S TABASCO.
uf on.t 1() ,l„ t.nmn.,l
Free- Dr. H. H. OUEEM'a BOMb, Cox M, Atlxntb. Ob.
CHEWING GUM FREE
As 2 box of No. 1 Chewin;? Gnm FREE. Write f..r
imrtinilnrs t.n.i simple. NEUROTIC MEDICAL
COMPANY. UornollHville, N Y.
I Tho mps sn's Eye Walsr