-s PHENOMENA IN NATURE.
SOME EFFECTS IN MECHANICS DUE
TO CAUSES AS YET UNKNOWN.
Newton's Lows of Motion Mny lie Upset.
Willie Mneli That l'nsees lor i:11-IIIa 1
Truth IH Under ensptelon <mi-e of
Gravity llcyoiid Human 1 ouceptiou.
Recently we have discussed in these
columns recondite problems of physi
cal science. To say that these things
are beyond the purview of engineers is
to limit the scope of the profession.
The business of the engineer is to util
ize what has been termed, popularly
if not accurately, the forces of nature,
for the benefit of mankind. To, the
physicist the world is indebted for the
discovery of new phenomena and novel
relations existing between old and new
natural actions and interactions. It
is impossible, however, to draw a nar
row line and say that the province of
the engineer lies on one side and the
territory of the man of pure science
on the other. Thus the discovery of
the phenomena of electrical induction
was mainly the work of Faraday; but
• the construction of dynamos, which
utilize that discovery, is the daily work
of the engineer. Reasoning in this
way, it easily becomes obvious that
the engineer is really deeply interested
in the whole course of modern scientific
research; and speculations as to the
constitution of matter and the nature
of energy are by no means to be re
garded as of necessity abstractions,
possessing no real value sufficient to
make them worth studying. No one
can tell from day to day whether or
not some extremely valuable discovery
will be made. There is reason, indeed,
to believe that co-relations of pbenon
ena may at any moment be hit on
which will reduce the telegraph to the
level of a conspicuously clumsy piece
of apparatus, or bring down the cost
of electric lighting to a tenth of its
existing price. When Hertzian waves
were first spoken of no one dreamed
that they would enaoie us to transmit,
messages through long distances with
out visible means of communication.
The telephone was built up out of
most unlikely materials; and the man
who asserted that he could make an
iron plate talk to an audience by the
aid of three French nails, a small bat
tery, and a few cylinders, would have
been regarded as a lunatic not so very
long ago.
Of late those who have watched the
signs of the times will have noticed
that a change is coming over the mode
of thought of the more advanced seek
ers after physical truth. Possibly not
many of our readers have carefully fol
lowed Dr. Larmor's address to Section
A of the British association, which we
have placed on record in our columns.
Possibly fewer of those who have read
it have understood it. Dr. Larmor has
evidently failed to make the English
language express clearly what he
wanted to say, nor are we surprised.
It is a hackneyed saying that "words
fail us to express our feelings." But
Dr. Larmor has, in all event 3, suc
ceeded in telling us that much that
was formerly accepted as the very
groundwork of physical science must
be abondoned as untenable. He hints,
indeed, that Newton's laws of motion
are no longer satisfactory expositions
of well known truths.. He seems dis
posed to abandon the Idea that force is
the cause of motion; a statement
which we have often pointed out is
wholly inconsistent with Newton's
third law. lons take the place of
atomr, from which they seem to differ
only in being infinitely more numerous.
Kelvin's theory of vortices, with a dif
ference is favored, ami we have again
a theory of force centres, which so
closely resembles that advanced yearn
ago by the late Walter Browne, to say
nothing of Bishop Berkeley, that to the
superficial observer at all events the
distinction Is without a difference. But
the most notable feature of the whole
discourse is Dr. Larmor's teudeucy
to ndandon the pursuits of knowledge
In certain directions. It will he bet
ter, he said In effect, to content our
selves with a statement of the chain of
events so far as we can sen the links,
without attempting to discover the
ends of the chain. We can Etudy the
effects of gravity, but it Is forever im
possible for the human mind to con
ceive of any adequate cause. We may
frame mathematical theories about the
etlier, but the human mind is inca
pable of forming a concept of a sub
stance which will comply with the con
ditions. In whatever direction we
turn, we are stopped by the presence
of the unknown. Dr. Larmor will have
it, as we understand him, that much of
the unknown is unknowable. It is pos
sible that we overestimate Dr. Lar
mor's pessimism; we trust that we do.
Among the matters to which ho di
rected attention was attraction. Its
i phenomena are common and obvious,
even apart from gravity, hut they ap
• pear to be absolutely inexplicable. We
speak of a torque of a motor, or a dy
namo, and it Is part of the work of the
electrician and the engineer to calcu
late Its amount under stated condi
tions; hut no one on earth ha 3 the
smallest notion of why torque exists
at all in the combination of iron, cop
per, cotton and shellac. The magnet
gives us a puzzle as recondite as any
in the universe. In old times, when
men did not use very accurate lan
guage, it was said that a lodestone
on a permanent magnet "attracted"
Iron. No one thought of saying that
the iron attracted the magnet to pre
cisely the same extent. An to the na
ture of the links across space between
the two, no one worried himself. "Ac
tion took place at a distince," that
was, enough. Sir Isaac Nswton was
the first man able to influence thought
to any sufficient extent to point out
that no action of the kind could take
place without somo bridge to spaa va
culty. By degress it began to be ua-
derstood ihat what we term magnetlo
attraction can be expressed in terms
of lines of force; and, what is of all
things Important, that attraction is
due not to anything done by the mag
net per se, hut to some external form
of energy which is localized and di
rected by the magnet. But what this
form of energy is, or how the magnet
works, no one, as we have said, knows.
—London Engineer.
MAINE'S KINC CUMPICKER.
H Leads a I.unt.lv rite, but Makes a
Good Income.
Ezra Robar. the king gumpicker of
Maine, has camped all winter on Por
gie 9rook, an d when he comes to town
this spring he will have hags and bags
of amber lumps to swap for the dol
lars of the druggists, who always pay
the highest prices for the best gum.
The life of a gumpicker, without
doubt, is the most lonely that a man
can lead. The men go into the woods
in October, and they make a study of
spruce growth. They have an odd out
fit, consisting generally of several
polies and knives, a pair or two of.
siicwshoes, a small dog, a couple of
blankets, and a pair of "climbers."
They are like those used by telegraph
linemen.
The gumpickers travel alone, and
have secrets, like gold hunters. They
follow the wake of the old whirlwinds
that have left long furrows in the wil
derness, and as long as they can track
the course by the gum that forms on
trees wounded the previous season
they follow it along. Sometimes a
gum hunter finds that his pathway
has been intercepted by another hun
ter, who had discovered the lead, and
a new plan of campaign must be re
sorted to.
There arc many men who go into
the woods to chop trees or swamp
roads at $25 a month who work every
Sunday at digging gum from the
boughs of the spruces, and in that
way they greatly increase their earn
ings, although they are not nearly so
successful as the professional digger.
The veretan gum hunter has made his
occupation a life study and has re
duced the work to a science. He
can go up a. tree like a eat, and skin
it hare of gum. from stump to top,
while the logger would be getting
ready to climb. The lumberman gen
erally gets 20 to 30 pounds of gum
in a winter, and sells it at from 80
cents to $1.25 a pound, according to
quality.
A professional gum hunter can
make from $3 to SS a day when he
strikes a really good glint country.
When he gets into a good place he
keeps very quiet about it until he has
gathered the last lump in sight. Ho
makes from $-100 to SSOO In a season,,
and he earns every cent of it by
hard, lonely work. —New York Times.
QUAINT AND CURIOUS.
The leading poultryman in a thriv
ing North Missouri town answers to
the name of Henry Coop.
When Hannibal's army descended
from the Alps into the valley of Lom
bardy, the whole force was well nigh
routed by a plague of mosquitos, which
drove men and animals almost wild
with pain.
"I bought some apples from a China
man yesterday, giving him an Ameri
can dollar," writes a Kansas soldier
boy from Pekiu, "and in the change
which he gave me back was an Ameri
can half dollar of the date of 1813. 1
have been offered $lO for It."
An F-quimnu hibv in horn fair ex
cept for a dark round spot on t
.■.a.l ui the hack, varying in size from
a three penny hit to a shiln
From this centre head of color the
dark tint gradually spreads till the
toddling Esquimau is as beautiful'v
and as completely anil as highly col
ored as a well smoked meerschan it
pipe. The same thing happens among
the Japanese.
A child's savings hank has been dug
out of the ruins of Ostia, the seaport
of ancient Rome. The hank was an
earthen pot containing 145 silver
coins issued by Roman emperors be
tween the years 20C and 19 B. C. Tho
little savings hank was almost perfect
when it was uncovered. It is three
inches long and two and one-half
inches wide, with a slit in the top
through which the money was dropped.
Captain Baron Ilolz'.ng of the Third
Baden Dragoons recently cover'd a
distance of 15 kilometres in the space
of 25 minutes, riding against a 11, l
way traiu running from Graben to tho
neighborhood of Carlsruhp. He ar
rived eight minutes before tho train.
His horse had been especially trained
for the ride, having been fed cn a
particular sort of cake, instead of oats,
for weeks past. The ride was accom
plished without extraordinary exer
tion, and the horse was still fit for
more work at the finish.
Remarkable to relate, wood can be
utilized for toft flowing gowns. Wood
pulp silk has long been a staple Indus
try in St. Etienne, district of France.
By certain secret chemical processes
the pulp is reduced to a soapy condi
tion. It is then forced into tubes full
of tiny holes, through which it
emerges in the form of fine silk like
threads. These are speedily d-ied by
being passed through hot alm'sphero,
and are forthwith wound on bobbins
ready to be woven into silk. The ap
pearance of this ltnloue or0(1 net
to be so natural that even experts are
mistaken and think it tho genuine ui
ticle.
A century ago the potato was a new
and unpopular article of food la
France.
i The Vicksburg national park will
Foon be complete as far lis the acquis!
tion of land concerned. It will com<
prise in all 1,231 acres.
The latest Swiss mountain railway
project Is to connect the Engndine witii
the Italian lakes by a road over the
Bernina range.
The daffodil is to be one of the fa
vorite flowers of the season.
Garflold Huadarho Powders—a very rimpls
medicine—cure when othpr remedies fail.
When token according to directions the re
tult ore most satisfactory. Bend for snniidea.
Garfield Toa Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.
The weight of tlje air Which
the earth is equal to that of 581,000 cuUri
of copper, eacn 1003 yards square.
DECKING AT PARIS IN 1900.
The Frziioiis Chicago llarvftter
Company Received Wore and
lireatnr Eionon Than Were Tver
Before Accorded ais Atnerirau
Ezltlkitor ill (ho History of Ex.
positions.
America may well foel proud of the inter
est which her citizens took in Ue Paris Exjvo
lition and the elaborate oxhibitn which wore
prepared with consummate skill and displayed
In a manner not excelled by any other country.
Those of Harvesting Machinery in particular
were most complete and interesting. The
Peering ITurvoater Company, of Chicago,
America's foremost manufacturer of this lino
of goods, was accorded tho position of honor,
having contributed inoro to the advancement
of the art of harvesting than any other manu
facturer living or dead, and with a greater
array ot important inventions to its crodit
than any other company in the world.
Visitors to tho Exposition were prompt to
accord the Peering exhibits supremo honors,
and it only remained for official mandate to
ratify tho popular verdict, which was done in
a manner as substantial no it was well-merited.
Each one of tho seven Deeying exhibits secured
the highest award in its class.
In addition to four high decorations, tho
Peering Harvester Company received twenty
five awards, or twenty-nino in all, as follows:
Decoration of Officer of tho Legion of Honor,
Decoration of Chevalier of tho Legion of
Honor, Two Decorations of Officer of Merita
Aprieolo, a Special Certilicato of Honor, Tho
Grand Prize, Six Gold Medals, Six Silver
Medals and Eleven Bronze Medals, including
Peering Collaborator Medals.
Tho Decoration of Logion of Honor was in
stituted by Napoleon Bonaparte when First
Consul in 1802, and is only conferred in recog
nition of distinguished military or civil achieve
ments. It is tho highest distinction in tho gift
of tho French Bepublie.
Tho Decoration of Merito Agricolo is an
honor of but slightly less importance, which
is conferred upon thoso who have contributed
greatly to the advancement of agrieulturo.
An Official Certificate of Honor was uccord
ed the Peering Retrospective Exhibit, which
showed tho improvements in harvesting ma
chinery during tho past century, and excited
tho highest praiso of the Froneh Government
Officials who had cntrustod to tho Deoring
Harvester Company tho preparation of this
most important oxhibit. By special rcquost
this exhibit has been presented to tho National
Museum of Arts and Sciences at Turin, where
it has become a permanent future of that
world-famed institution.
The Peering Twino Exhibit and Corn Har
vester Exhibit, both of which received the
highest awards, have by request of tho French
Government bcon protxntod to tho National
Agricultural College of Franco.
There was no field trial, oither official or
otherwise, in connection with tho Paris Expo
sition, but tiio moat importunt foreign contest
the past season was hold under the auspiocs of
tho llussiun F.xpcrt Commission at the Gov
ernmental Farm of Tomsk, Siberia. August
14th to 18th. All tho leading American und
European machines participated and wers
subjected to tho most difficult tests by the
Government Agriculturist. The Expert Com
mission awarded the Peering Harvester Com
pany tho Grand Silver Modal of tho Minister
of AgricuHuro and Domain, which was tho
highest award.
Tho Peering Harvester Works are tho larg
est of their kind in the world, covering eighty
five acres and emnloying UOOO people. They
are equipped with modern uutoinatio ma
chines, many of which perform the labor of
from five to fifteen hands.
This Company is also tho largest manufac
turer of Binder Twine in the world, having
been first to produce single-strand binder
Iwine, sueh as is in genoral uso today, makiuß
(>ver a third of the m-oduct of the entire
vorld. Tho output of its factory for a single
lay would tio a band around tho earth at tlifl
{equator, with several thousand miles to sparo.
The annus 1 production would fill a freight
train twenty miles long. Mado into a mat two
feet wide, it would reach across the American
Continent from ocean to ocean.
Peering machines aro known as LionT
Draft Peals, consisting of Bindors, Mowers,
lioapcra, Corn Harvesters, Shredders and
Itakcs.
This Company exhibited at tho Paris Exposi
tion an Automobile Mower, which attracted
•inch attention, and.exhibitions woro gi\en
with one of these machines in tho vicinity wf
Varis throughout tho scASon.
| Li¥er Don't Act? |
•£ You know very well how you feel when your liver don't act. Bile collects in the blood, bowels become j~|
gr constipated and your whole system is poisoned. A lazy liver is an invitation for a thousand pains and aches to 3
IS come and dwell with you. Your life becomes one long measure of irritability and despondency and bad feeling. £§
sS CASCARETS act directly, and in a peculiarly happy manner on the liver and bowels, cleansing, purifying, 3
?S revitalizing every portion of the liver, driving all the bile from the blood, as is soon shown by increased appetite §§
iS for food, power to digest it, and strength to throw off the waste. Beware of irrsiteitiorssl ' 2§
j c £ Bwimmiu'."—Washington Swc. ° , L .
Imve been troubled n flrrrni derxl mai*
; - y/r S /' X' r 'or with % torpid lived. whioh produoea oonatipa- Tha* "SB
J&XSST jf 1, l,on - 1 louud CASCARETS to bo ell you t ZSSm
n vTAii IBfWH ua Claim for them, and secured such relief tho na P> ~5
jFjj&jsr HM • ed first trial that I purchased another supply X joy
IssfiPria EWw ■P' 1m it.,, RnJ ™ a f completely currd. i pball only bo 4 .*\
C&H&reta whenever lir
H BEST FOR CCWELS AND LIVER.
IE THIS IS H
l © 2 "-1
| THE TABLET **WMBIIiIBMMB DRUGGISTS g
UUARANTEKD TO CVRRa!ltiowltronblei, nm>n<lldtU, blllAtimiMi, OIT* KAN'TFEIt TO rv KEi Plte f f n P , ncro the Aril box of CAU
bad breath, lmd blood, wind on tlie itomucli, Idontcd boweli, foul inovtli, f AKF.TM winioW. Now It t over six mllllon boxes n vvnr, rrcatcr tliuu any
•*•* * lieuduche, Indlccatlon, pimples, pains after entitle, liver trouble, sullow comi- similar medicine In the world. Thl l absolute iironf of i;re?u merit, and -71!
f"! plexlon nod ai/.vluH. When your bowels lon*t move reirulurly you ro our best testimonial. We linve fait li. ami will tell ' AM" AKi '■ iVi uhsotu'.cl r
22Z rettlnu sick. Constipation hills more people than nil other diseases together. (piitrsntcfd to care or money refunded. Oo buy today, two <*Og boxes, ive — JS
DOM. It Is n. starter for the elironlc ailments and lonr years of suffer!nr that come tliem a fair, honest trial, as pet wimple direction*, and If you are not sat Ist c.I -"—o
*— nibrwu vds. 2Vo matter what alls you, start takliia t'AMrAKKTN todiiy. f..r after uslnu one ftOc box. r/turu the iiauscd ,'Oe box and the empty ., - to —"j
S>— you wl'. never vet well and be well ull the time until you put your bow els us by until, or the drumtint l> om whom you purchased It. and i;et vour tttonev "*2
I'lcht. * nke our ndvleel start ivlilt <)A(iiLVa£Ti Unlay, under as abi-uiuu back for both boxes. Take our advice—ro matter what nils > ,•—start tod tv. *—
yV" 1 -,' ruararv xs to cure or iuotiey refunded. Health will oolekljr follovs nnilyou will bless the day von first stunted the use —— f
Berrien County. Michigan, is said to be
the greatest peach growing section in tne
world. The number of acres cultivated
last year was 4753, aud the total yield of
peaches was 40,902 bushels—over "half of
tho Michigan crop for 1900. Van Buren
County came next, with 5587 bushels.
CoTiphitic l<eMv to CoiiHnmptlan
Kcrap'o Balram will irtop the cough at once.
Go to your druggist to-day and get a snpiple
bottle free. Sola in 25 and 50 cent bottles.
Uo at once, delavn are dangerous.
The population of the Isle of Pines
is 3,199, composed of 2,990 Cubans.
195 Spaniards and 14 others. Their
citizenship is classified as 2,818 Cu
bans. 32 Spaniards, 334 in suspense
and 15 aliens.
spring C leaning ItTnde r.asy,
Much of the terror of spring cleaning may
be avoided by proper preparation. Settled
weather should be selected for tho work, and
a supply of all needed articles in readiness.
Ivory Soap will bo found best for washing
windows, paints and floors : it i.harmless, und
very effective in making tho houso clean and
fr. bh -Eliza It. Parker.
A clean sweep of about a quarter of a
million has been made by several English
insurance companies. A* gentleman who
possessed the above amount did not agree
with his relatives. Accordingly he pur
chased several annuities, but made a bad
investment, for only a week elapsed be
tween the purchase of the last annuity
and the death of the gentleman. Thus the
whole of the money goes into the insur
ance companies' coffers. His relatives get
nothing.
When suffering with headache and goneral
lassitudo take Garfield Headncho Powders, a
remedy that is pleasant to take and conven
ient to carry. Business men will find ihem
excellent to clear tho head of dullness.
Seven species of wasps secrete and store
up honey just as do the bees.
Avoid Caihartica.
Ncu-Rot-Ico-Tea removes poisonous secre
tions from the bowels. By mail, 25 oonts.
Nourotico Medicine Go., nornellnville, N. Y.
A copy of Bradsliaw's Railway Guide for
1839, tne original edition, brought $125
at a recent London auction.
A LUXURY WITHIN THE REACH OF ALL!
A Tablespconfnl to a Cup ,
— ,s TIIE RIJLC rt)R riAKING corFEc
f BUT s/ * OF * TABLESPOON ' FUI - ° f
Lion Oof fee
1 )) win gi ve you stronger coffee than a tablespoonful
J I of an y other kind. Here is where you save money!
USE LION COFFEE!
J\ i ( Always insist upon getting it LION COFFEE
' r ' ' s absolutely pure, and not a coffee which is glazed
or coated with egg mixtures or chemicals in order
Watch our next advertisement. to hide imperfections.
In every package of LION COFFEE you will find a fully illustrated and descriptive list. No housekeeper, in
fact, no woman, man, boy or girl will fail to find in the list some article which will contribute to their happiness,
comfort and convenience, and which they may have by simply cutting out a certain number of Lion Heads from
the wrappers of our one pound sealed packages (which is the only form in which this excellent coffee is sold' 1 ,
WOOLSON SPICE CO., TOLEDO, OHIO.
The oldest statue in the world is of
the Sheik of an Egyptaln tillage. It Is
believed to be not less than 0,000 years
old.
The human voice is produced by the
assistance of eight pairs of muscles,
and 15 other pairs contribute in vari
ous ways.
In boring for oil at Beaumont, Tex.,
It is reported that a vein of pure sul
phur 70 feet thick was discovered. )
FOR GOUT, TORPID LIVER AND CONSTIPATION.
J&f No medicine in the world can relieve you like the Natural
Mineral Laxative Water, provided by nature herself and dis
j\ covered more than 30 years ago and now used by every
IV nation In the world.
Recommended by over one thousand of the mcst famous
VV-i #1 I physicians, from whom we have testimonials, as the safest and
iBfiBSxE I l a k"* Natural Laxative Water known to medical science.
I * Its Action la Speedy, Sure and Gentle. It never gripes.
fggf I Every Druggist and General Wholesale Grocer Sells It.
/M&l ■ Qj/for the full name, | D| JJfT Dabcl with
\it AOfl "Hunyadi Janoß." J IjILLjL. Red Centre Panel,
ft Sole Importer, Firm of Andreas Soxlehner, 130 Fulton 5t., N. Y.
W. L. DOUGLAS /
$3 & $3.53 SHOES VKST L— ©
Tho real worth of my 83.00 and W. 50 shoes compared with vPtJv
other makes Is fi4.00 to JB.W. My 81.00 (Jilt Bilge Liuu cannot be V' 9 'lf
equalled at any price. Best lu the world for men. V fiJ/
■ msikc iiikl ■••II more meu'a Hue aline*, Oondvonr •vi*' / /
W( lt(l[i..|.Mrvrrt [ Pro< any other imoiuliu . _/
jto*c tl.it > ntntcuii nt U rue. f Iong1n. .
Take no mhii Jtntr! Insist on having W. L. Inmalas shoes ••V- " / k
with naino and price stamp' -1 ..fi l-tt-.m. Y. . . -t oi:P| A9k .
keep them ; I give ono dea'er excluslvo sale In each town. If //. BBkL
he does not keep them and will not get them for ion, order /WWffjk /^wßHEkw.
direct from factory, enclosing price aud 25c. extra for carriage. ®)i®\
Over 1,000,000 satlsHcd wearers. N< w Spring Catalog free. ■ BBBftw) 1 /
rut Color ir.l.u tua exelo.iT.ir. w. L. DOUGLAS. Brocktjn, Mass.
PATENTS lEip
■ ffflLO 11. HTKVKNH tV CO., Estab. 18*4.
Dir. n, ?17—lfili Hfreot, WAhIUN(iTO,N, I). U
liranoh oflicssi Uliicaao. Cleveland anil Detroit. >
3yraluulvil war, 15 udjudicatiuii claims,utty sine*
•'The Haitec Hint made We*t Point famoua."
McILHENNY'S TABASCO.