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In Europe there continues to be
considerable discussion of the ex
haustion of forest resources. A late
review of the wcod imports and ex
ports of France and other countries,
ki the Revue Scicntifique, leads to the
oonclusion that, a wood Famine is
soon coming. The problem is less
acute in the United States, where
reforestation is urged chiefly for cli
matic purposes, but the prospect of a
wood famine has been considered
even here.
The Philadelphia Medical Journal
declares that "it requires uo mathe
matician to discover that the shiftless,
the thriftless, the indigent poor—the
class which produces relatively the
greater number of criminals and
paupers, if not of the mentally do
flcie.it —Is increasing out of all pro
portion to the thrifty, the well-to-do — j
the class which produces relatively i
few of the paup rs and criminals." |
The fourth census of the Dominion
of Canada is to be taken soon, begin- :
ing the first week in April next. It is .
expected to be completed within a
month. Besides the enumeration of the
people, industrial and other statistics 1
will be compiled as in the United j
States. In the United Kingdom the j
census is supposed to bo taken in one
day, but no attempt is made to do
more than secure a count of the j
population.
A Massachusetts leather man pre
dicts an easing down of the price ol
sole leather very soon, on account of
the invention of a New England
genius. Sole leather grows on beasts
in very limited quantities, and it is
hard to get enough of it. The invention
is to use leather scraps of all sorts for
the manufacture of good, serviceable
sole leather. The scraps are worth
less for all practical purposes, and
generally rot in the streets and alieys.
But a machine has been devised that
tears them into shreds and makes
them into pulp, which is run out under
great pressure in continuous sheets
of good sole leather. A fall in the j
price of sole leather is predicted as
the result of this discovery of away
to use the scraps.
If there were no such things in the
world as time locks, the Presbyterian'
church at Mount Joy, Penn., would
he SB7OO richer than it is. The story is
queer, and therefore nteresting. The:
Rev. David Conway, while pastor ol
the church in question, was thrown j
from his carriage in May, 1899, and i
received injuries which soon caused
his death. When he realized that hip
end was near, Mr. Conway sent foi
a lawyer and made his will, giving,
among other bequests, SSOOO to his
church. Ho was at once told that such
a bequest, if made within 30 days
before death, was invalid, so he
signed an order directing the Mount
Joy National bank to turn over to H
W. Hartman, a member of the con
gregation, bonds to the value of SB7OO,
which he had on deposit, and these
Mr. Hartman was to transfer to the
church. Mr. Hartman immediately
endeavored to get the securities, but
the bank vaults were protected by a
time lock, and they could not be
opened until tho next morning. Mr.
Conway died in tho night, while the
vault doors were still immovable, and
consequently, though the bank gave
the bonds to Mr. Hartman as soon as
it could, ho was forced to hold them
until a legal decision as to their proper
disposition could be secured. The de
cision has just been rendered, and it
is that the securities must be added
to Mr. Conway's estate and divided
according to the valid provisions of
his will. The Presbyterian church nat
urally regards the rase as a hard one,
and its elders have their dofibts
whether time locks are to he num
bered among the valuable inventions
of the age.
JUST A LITTLE! SONG.
Just a little song, dear,
When the heart is guy;
Just a lilting measure
In the lonesome day;
Just u thread of melody
Ou the weary way.
Just n little song, dear,
When the burden binds;
Just a snatch of music
When the toiler finds
Life a little weariug,
And the day's work grinds.
—Collier's Weekly.
t THE BEGINNING J
* of 5
0 A LOVE STORY. 0
1 '
(I Queer Mistake Which Brought About Q
Q Happy Results. A
It was just 4 o'clock in the morning
when Miss Clarissa Steel crept quiet
ly down stairs and out at the side door.
She stood for a moment on the broad
stone step and took a long, free
breath, then she went down the gravel
walk Into tho street. She turned away
from the village, and, as if with a
defiuite object in view, walked swift
ly toward the fields and hills to the
north.
It was only since April that Elm
villo had taken a lively interest in
birds. It had known vaguely that
there were birds within its borders —
English sparrows, an oriole or two,
and out in the country crows, perhaps
a few jaj's. This limited ornitholog
ical knowledge had satisfied Elm
vfUe, and when it heard that in Bos
ton it was the thing to rise early,
take one's opera glasses and go
"birding" it had smiled indulgently.
That, however, was two years ago and
Elmville was 200 miles from Boston.
A hundred miles a year was quite
fast enough for a fad to travel toward
Elmville, hut when it finally arrived
it was received with enthusiasm.
The little village suddenly awoke
to the fact that there were birds in
its trees of which it had never
dreamed, and birds in its fields and
pastures whose very names it had
never heard. It began to talk wisely
of vireos and warblers, red-starts and
flickers. Quiet folk who had known
of birds all their lives suddenly found
themselves in great demand. This
popularity might have turned their
heads had it lasted long enough, but
when it was discovered that there
were questions which they could not
answer they were promptly made to
know their proper place and to feel
like impostors who have been found
out.
The newly aroused Interest In birds
took different forms. There were
some who made up parties and took
long walks in the woods, where they
talked and laughed so loudly that all
the birds fled before them. This class
enjoyed the bird walks greatly and
went every week. Then there was
young Mrs. Goodnow, who had seen
more birds than any one else in town,
but who could not tell the song of a j
rose-breasted grosbeak from that of
a cuckoo, declaring naively that she j
did not care anything about the noises
the birds made. Others wondered
how she could know so many bird 3
when she did not have her ears to
help her, but she had a very fine pair
of field glasses and unlimited time.
There were the two elder Misses
Steele, who contented themselves I
with looking from windows into the ,
tops of the elm and maple trees which
grew about their home, and there was j
their sister Clarissa, who on this i
beautiful June morning, was out in |
the country at a little after 4.
It was 7 when she walked up the |
path to the side door. She was tired
and very hungry, but she was also
happy and had a quantity of bird
news to tell her sisters. Breakfast
was ready and a delicious odor of hot
coffee came out to her through the
screen door, and she went in eagerly.
She hung her hat in the entry, then
passed on to the dining room.
Usually she greeted her sisters
with a cheery good morning, but this
time she had hardly crossed the
threshold before she was aware that
[ something was wrong. A quick
; glance at Elinor and Caroline showed
! her that it must be something very
wrong Indeed. Her heart began to
beat faster and all tho happiness
seemed suddenly to have gone out of
the morning. She looked timidly at
her sisters and they stared at her in
stony silence.
"What is the matter?" she asked,
tremulously.
! "I should not think you would need
to ask that question, Clarissa Maria,
Elinor said in a hollow voice.
"No, I should not think so," echoed
Caroline.
Now it was only about once In three
years that she did anything bad
enough for them to call her Clarissa
Maria, and nt that moment she felt
tnat life was too full of bitterness to
he borne. She sank weakly down in
a chair and waited.
"To think," began Caroline, in a
tone ot sadness and reproof, "to think
that you should disgrace us, and not
only us, but the good name of our
family, by making your pretended
interest in birds an excuse for going
out mornings and carrying on a
flirtation "
"A scandalous flirtation," inter
rupted Elinor.
"Yes, a scandalous flirtation with
Deacon Upton."
Clarissa started to 'her feet with a
little cry. "I—l never did," she gasped,
while the color rose in her face.
"You saw him this morning. You
don't deny that. 1 suppose, though I
don't know," and Caroline shuddered.
"Yes." said Clarissa, eagerly. "I did
see him, It was down In Mr. Ames"
meadow, but he was on one side ot
the river and I on the other, and we
just stopped to speak about birds for
a minute,"
Elinor smiled sardonically. "And
then," she said, "he kissed his hand
to you—not once, but several times,
and you "
"Yes kissed your hand to him,"
finished Caroline, as Elinor paused
and seemed unable to go on. "Yes,
Clarissa Maria, you kissed your hand
to him. We knew it because Sally
Porter was on the hill and heard your
voice and saw you do it."
"Oh!" cried Clarissa, her face
lighting up, "he did not kiss his hand
to me. How could you think he would
be so silly? He was just showing me
how to call the birds around. You just
put your fingers to your lips and n&ke
a smacking sound, fjo," and she il
lustrated. "and somehow it makes tho
birds come."
The eider sisters looked skeptical.
"That is a very ingenious excuse,"
said Caroline, coldly. "And how do
explain your conduct?"
There were tears in Clarissa's eyes
now. "I just tried to see if I could
do it," she said, with a little sob.
"Well," said Elinor, "I don't know
how many people will believe you.
You know what SalV Porter is like.
You'd better eat you? breakfast and
start right out and see and explain
to all the people she has told the
story to. Come sit down, things will
be stone-cold."
"I—don't want any breakfasts
I'm not hungry," and Clarissa went
out of the room with her handker
chief held to her eyes.
An hour later Elinor tried Clarissa's
door and found it locked. "You'd bet
ter come clown and eat something,"
she said, but there was no answer
and she went away.
An hour after that she came again.
This time she shook the door vigor
ously. "Clarissa," she called in a
subdued tone, "come down stairs at
once. Deacon Upton is here and
wants to see you."
"Oh, I can't!" cried Clarissa, in a
frightened voice.
"You must," said Elinor, emphatic- <
ally. "He says he will wait any
length of time, but he will see you." j
When Clarissa entered the parlor j
Deacon Upton rose to meet her.
"Good morning, Miss Steele," ho
said. Then they both remembered
that they had met before that morn- j
ing and there was an awkward pause, i
She looked down at the carpet and i
he looked at her.
"I think. Miss Clarissa," ho said,
desperately, when the silence had be- j
come unendurable, "I think that you
have heard the same thing that i '
have." He felt that he had expressed j
himself vaguely, but she understood i
and nodded her head without look- '
ing up. She tried to keep her lips I
steady, but she could not prevent the j
tears from coming. When the deacon |
saw them they seemed to give him
the courage of desperation.
"I cannot express to you my regret |
that I was the cause —the innocent ]
cause—of giving you pain. I would :
do anything in my power for the j
privilege of living over this morning j
and omitting that scene. But only on
your account, remember," he went on,
impetuously, "only on your account.
For myself, I would not care who knew
or saw. I would not bo content with j
merely kissing my hand to you, either, '
and I would be willingtto it on •
tlic green in front of the postofficc in ;
sight of everybody."
Clarissa was looking at him now, \
and the deacon moved his chair near- j
er. Her eyes made him think of
drowning violets, and he had a strong
desire to save them.
"Clarissa," he said, "did you ever
want something very, very much,
but, knowing that it was far beyond
your reach, after a time almost for
got that you wanted it, and deceived
yourself into thinking that you were
happy without it? Did you, Clarissa?"
She nodded.
"Well," he went on, "that has been
my experience, and this morning some
thing happened thatbrought it all back
to me, and—oh, Clarissa! I don't see
how I can live without you any
longer."
She was silent for a moment, then
she said, softly, "I don't think you will I
have to." —Susan Brown Bobbins, in
the Chicago Record.
A Friday Superstition.
A row of paupers' houses, very
neatly designed, has just been erected |
at Aharacle, Mr. Rudd of Ardna
murchan having advanced a consider- 1
able sum for building purposes to the ;
parish council on easy terms. Accom
modation is provided for 10 persons.
A few days ago Mr. H. McPherson,
inspector of the poor, visited Aharacle
in order to superintend the removal
of the 10 selected female paupers to
the new cottages. They all occupied
houses which were in a wretched
state of disrepair, yet each of them
resolutely and peremptorily refused
to "ilit." In vain did the inspector
dilate on the increased comfort and
conveniences to be enjoyed in the new
dwellings. The aged dames were in
i vincible proof against all argument—
I nor did threats of compulsion and
i sheriff's warrants have any terror for
them. At length it was elicited that
: the disinclination to remove was
based simply on superstition. The
| day of the week happened to be
■ Friday, and it appears that to change
quarteis on that particular day consti
tutes a gross and wanton violation of
all the canons governing highland
•fitting." On discovering that the per
versity manifested by the old women
was mainly attributable to "con
scientious scruples," the inspector at
oneo agreed to humor them, and the
removals were postponed until the
following day, when they were ac
complished without any opposition or
demur. —The Scotsman
TUNING A PIPE ORCAN.
It Taken Two or Three DBVH and IN a
Nerve Trying Job.
"The misuse which many pipe or
gans suffer is a wonder to me," said
a veteran organ tuner and builder.
"Church organs cost from SIOOO to
SIO,OOO. They are very sensitive to
changes of temperature and yet many
are heated and chilled once a week all
winter and allowed to get damp soaked
in summer. The same people who neg
lect an organ will take good care of
a piano costing a tenth of twentieth as
much.
"An organ is a good deal like a
human being when it comes to changes
of temperature. Sudden drops put a
man out of tune and it's the same with
the instrument. It needs an even, mod
erate temperature during the winter
instead of a roasting on Sunday and
a freezing the rest of the week. In
summer a stone or brick church gats
damp. A slight fire once a week will
keep the organ dry.
"A pipe organ requires tuning, at
least once a year and the best instru
ments are looked over two or three
times in that period. It is a two or three
days' job and needs two men. Besides
the tuner up in the organ an assis
tant must be at the keyboard to hold
down the keys. Temperature has to
be considered even in tuning. All the
pipes must be brought to pitch at
about the same degree and this de
gree, should be that which the or
gan usually has when in use.
"I believe that pipe organ tuning Is
the most nervous work one can tackle
In fact, after long experience I have
come to believe that I tune with my
nerves. No, I don't refer to the nerves
of hearing. I get my impressions that
way, but I tunc with my nervous
system. My assistant strikes a chord.
If it is not true I feel a nervous stress
and strain. As soon as the chord is
true my nerves become harmonious
too. It sounds funny, but it's so.
"Two or three days may seem like
a long time to take to tune an organ,
but when you stop to think of tlio
1700 pipes in a large modern instru
ment it isn't so long. A large organ
will iiavo a compass of five oc
taves or til keys. These instruments
have 28 registers and a pipe
to each key and register brings
the number to 1708. Not eVery key
and register has a pipe, but as some
have two it amounts to that. The
pipes are of .all sorts and sizes, most
of them wood but many of metal.
A small number of the large and long
wooden pipes never get out of tune.
They are too long. For many years the
fancy pipes at the front of an organ
were only ornamental, but nowadays
these sound as well.
"1 find that pipe tuning is a mystery
to most people. They can understand
how the piano strings are tightened
and loosened. But changes in the pitch
of pipes queer them. It isn't strange
either, for the average organ has five
kinds of tuning. Of course, the pitch
depends on the length of the pipe.
The pitch may be raised by shortening
the pipe or by stopping the open end.
A number of wooden pipes are stopped
by wooden slides. Handles are at
tached and the pipe is tuned by mov
ing the slide up or down. Other woods
have set in the top a piece of metal
which is rolled or bent over partially
to stop te pipe.
"Ribbon strips are cut in the sides
of tlie tall metal pipes and rolled down.
These break the column of air and
act the same as cutting off the top of
the pipe. Another kind of pipes, the
reeds, are on a different principal.
The length of the reed controls the
pitch. A wire presses tightly against
the rood and is moved to lengthen or
shorten the vibrating length."
The I'nycholozy Pity.
A recent study of the emotion of
pity has been made by Professor O.
Stanley Hall and F. H. Saunders by
means of a set of questions distribu
ted among a number of school chil
dren and adults. It was found that
hunger in some form seemed to be
that which excited the deepest pity
in most of those questioned, and in
the case of the poorer children this
proved to be almost invariably the
case. "The children of the poor who
know what hunger is in their own
experience have far quicker and more
effective sympathies in the direction
of pity for tho starving than children
who have never felt tho pangs of
appetite themselves. Most people in
civilized life know almost nothing of
the very poignant suffering due to
lack of food, and adults have little
conception of the pain and distress
which children feel from hunger.
With tho young it is very definite,
sharp and localized distress that may
rise to the intensity of agony and an
guish. At its strongest it may call
out all the forces of the struggle for
survival and prompt the best chil
dren or adults to theft, petty of great,
to forceful robbery and to mutual
slaughter and cannibalism. When we
reflect that the great mayority of
animals find their grave in the maw
of other animals, and that the strug
gle for survival has been largely for
food, wo can understand that it
speaks well for the race that piy in
this field, even for those of an alien
race and at a great distance, who
suffer from famine, is so effective.
To feed tho hungry is one of the
primal works of charity, and a virtue
without its own benlson.
The Sntiftfartion In It.
"I wonder why Kaleacre put all his
savings under his pillow every night?"
"Reckon he wants people to know
that he has enough money to retire
on." —Philadelphia Record.
The stoutest of European monarchs
is the King of Portugal, who is only
five feet six inches tall and weighs
30S pounds.
v., ■■■ lOMiMMiiiiife-,l^
IV' TKe Meteoric Rise of
Career V j "• Hayß
Few men iu the whole wide world
Iraw a bigger annual salary than
Charles M. Hays, the successor of the
late Collis P. Huntington, a3 president
af the Southern Pacific railroad. Presi
dent McKinley gets $50,000 a year and
Charles M. Hays gets $5,000 more.
Twenty-seven years ago, at the age
cf 19, Charles M. Hays was a clerk
in the San Francisco railroad offices
in St. Louis with a salary of S4O a
month. A few weeks ago Mr. Hayes,
now in hie. 46th year, became presi
dent of the Southern Pacific railway,
the second largest in the world.
Mr. Hays was 19 years old when he
became a clerk in the St. Louis freight
M. HAYS,
office of the old Atlantic & Pacific
railroad, now the 'Frisco. He was a
native of Rock Island, 111. He en
tered the St. Louis office in November
of 1873. He began pushing himself
the day he went to work. In March
of the following year he had pushed
himself from the S4O per month posi
tion into a place in the auditor's of
fice, which paid SSO a month. Next he
became a clerk in the superintendent's
office and in ISB3 secretary to the gen
eral manager. In .two years he was
assistant general manager at a salary
of S2OO a month. A year later he be
came the general manager of the Wa
bash himself, and his salary, which
always keeps abreast with the man,
went up to $12,000 a year. He con
tinued in this position six years at a
ealary of $12,000 a year, and the Wa
bash system manager much in demand
| A YOUTHFUL 501:12 HERO J
Among the five refugees who ar
rived in this country from South Afri
ca the early part of the week, the first
Boer fighting men ever seen here, was
a youth of 16. C. (J. Snyman. son of
one of the members of the party. This
youngster was the hero of Gen. Do
Wet's division during the war. He
was little more than 15 years old when
hostilities began and his father, who
was a sheep herder in tho Orange Free
State, took him from school and placed
a rifle in his hands to fight the Eng
lish. He joined tho Boer forces un
der Gn. De Wet. being made a member
of the general staff. He fought in 15
regular battles and innumerable
skirmishes and never as much as re
ceived a scratch. He has the honor
among his people of having killed the
first British soldier in the Orange
Free State during the war. It is said
thai no less than a dozen of the queen's
troops fell before his unerring rifle.
Young Snyman's heroism on the field
of battle attracted the attention of
President Steyn of the Orange Froe
State, who promised to reward the
young hero with a farm if peace was
ever declared and the Boers got back
their property. He frequently ad-
BALL ON SNOW.
Two Slilpa' Crews lluil n Kxnltln; Ciuni"
in t li Arctlo 1
Baseball was introduced into tho
arctic regions by the crew of tho
schooner Thallium, which, under com
mand of Captain Kent, arrived yester
day from Ivigtut, Greenland, with n
cargo of cryolite. It is safe to say
that the national pastime was never
before attempted in the face of such
difficulties.
The British bark Silicon was at that
lonely Greenland port with the Thal
lium, and also loading for Philadel
phia. Tho temperature while the two
vessels were receiving their cargoes
bordered close on to 30 degrees below
zero. The sailors, not being called
upon to handle tho curious mineral,
shivered around the galley fires and
rapidly became imbued with the lassi
tude which is almost invariably the
portion of those called upon to endure
extreme cold. Captain Jansen of the
Silicon proposed more in jest than
in earnest —that the men play ball.
The idea impressed them and they de
termined to brave the temperature and
essay the sport with which all of them
were tolerably familiar. A level plain
was found near Ivigtut, with a floor
ing of powdered snow, frozen to the
consistency of adamant. Under the
midnight sun, and with a wondering
audience of fur-clad Eskimo, home
runs and three-baggers were knocked
j out. It was necessary for all the play-
I era to bundle themselves up in true
arctic fashion. All hands wore gloves
bo thai wild throws and errors galore
were many. Boatswain Brown of tho
Thallium tied the score in the fourth
Inning by coming home from second
by railroads which needed men such
as the Wabash had found in its hour
of need. Among these roads was the
Grand Trunk. The Grand Trunk peo*
pie sent to St. Louis for Mr. Hays.
They offered to give him a salary of
$25,000 a year if he would come, and
he made a contract with them to serve
as general manager Ave years at this
salary.
The eyes of railroad men followed
Mr. Hays to the Grand Trunk. His
genius for results likewise followed
him there. Within three years he had
become so valuable to the road that
it broke the conditions of its contract
with Mr. Hays and increased his sal
ary to $35,000 a year.
When Collis P. Huntington died the
Southern Pacific railroad was without
a president and the office was offered
to Mr. Hays, who accepted it.
TERMS MEAN LITTLE.
Names of Artlrloa In Common Use That
Curry Ml*ct>ncoit lon*.
The following are a few mistaken
terms which mean anything but what
they seem to mean: Cayenne pepper,
for instance, is prepared not from a
pepper plant, but from capsicum. Jeru
salem artichokes do not come from
Jerusalem. The plant is not a native
of tho Holy land. Turkeys do not
come from Turkey. The bird is a na
tive of America. Camel's hair brushes
are made from the soft, bushy tail of
the common squirrel. German silver
is not silver at all, but an alloy of vari
ous baser metals, which was inventod
in China and used there for centuries.
An injustice is done to Germany in
calling the cheap, but useful, wooden
cased clocks she has so long pro
duced Dutch. The mistake arises from
the German word for German—
"Deutsch." Cork iegs are not con
structed of cork—neither did they
come from the city of that name. The
usual material for a cork leg is weep
ing willow, covered with rawhide. Peo
ple with or without cork legs some
times pride* themselves they are wear
ing porpoise hide boots. So-called
porpoise hide is in reality tho skin of
the white whale. Irish stow is not
Irish, but an English dish; and Turk
ish baths did not originate in Turkey,
but in Russia. Cleopatra's needle has
nothing to do with Cleopatra, but was
set up about 1,000 years before that
I.idy was born.
vanced to within 200 and 300 yards of
the British lines in the face of a rain
of bullctf, bringing back information
to his commander. Young Snyman's
relatives, except his father, with those
of the other refugees, are in the hands
of the British. There is a price upon
nil their heads.
base on a passed ball, with the sen
sational accompaniment of a slide
from third base cloar t© the plate.
The Thallium's crew eventually won
by a score of 48 runs to their oppon
ents' 31. The Thallium is the first
schooner to arrive from Greenland In
twenty-five years. She Is a new vessel
launched at Bucksport, Maine, last
August, and built with a heavily tim
bered hull, especially for this perilous
trade.—Philadelphia North American.
Growth of Snrlnllam.
Despite ail oppressive measures
taken by the government, socialism,
or, rather, the Socialistic party of Ger- lA
many, gains constantly in strength,
and even Brandenburg, v.-hich has been
affected least by the movement, has re
turned to the Reichstag a Socialist for
the first time in its history. The re
sult of the election has- caused much
excitement in Germany. Pens, the
candidate, got a majority of (148 votes.
In 15 years the number of Socialist
members of the Reichstag has in
creased from 23 to 58, tivo members
having been added in by-electlons
since the general election in 1898.
In 1885 500,000 Socialist votes were
recorded, and these increased 750,000
in 1887, to 1,500,000 in 1890, and in tho
last general election to 2,250,000. It
Is estimated that the next general
election will give the Socialists 100 out
of 397 votes in the Reichstag.
New Zealand'* Mull Service.
New Zealand proposes to send a let
ter to any part of the world included
in the postal union for 2 cents. The
theory is that increased business will*
eventually make the system
porting.