WAR ON FARMERS' PESTS
THEIR DISEASES NOW THE SUB
JECT OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY.
Tovel Scheme For Destroying CJrassliop
pers and the
Ctorm—Tumblers Pull >f Pestilence-
How a Kuctm-iologUt Can Win Fortune.
The use of diseased bugs to produce
wholesale pestilence among their kind
and ultimately effect extermination
thereof is an ingenious scheme lately
devised by Uncle Sam's scientists.
The idea of enlisting the dread dis
ease germ in.o useful service is. in
deed, a novel one. Our medico-legal
authorities have considered its dan
ger as a factor in deliberately plotting
homicide. But wltb lias dreamed of
its possible value as an agency of in
•ecticide?
Tile entomologists of the Agricultur
al Department lately learned how to
concoct several deadly and malignant
bug diseases, ltow to bottle tbem for
Shipment, bow to spread then: among
the vast insect fraternity and how to
make infected bugs carry the scourge
to their 1 unsuspecting kind. The pecu
liar diseases in question are not com
municable to man; otherwise they
would not lte employed, of course.
The discovery of malarial germs In
the mosquito has directed scientific at
tention to bugs as a means of trans
mitting contagion. It is being discov
ered that these minute disturbers of
the farmer's and householder's peace
and happiness have their character
istic distempers, some of them highly
contagious. To artificially propagate
their baneful germs in incubators,
where the latter are fed and multi
plied, is found to be an easy matter.
GRASSHOPPER DISEASE IN BOTTI.ES.
Mr. Grasshopper is one of the chief
victims proscribed by the conspiring
bugologist. He has been cutting unbe
coming capers in our farm lands since
10, these many years, annually filching
thousands of dollars from the indus
trious tiller of the soil. Did wily Mr.
Grasshopper but guess the ghastly
,fate awaiting him he would hasten his
kinsmen to pack up, bag and baggage,
|and to seek asylums where bugs en-
Boy their natural rights and privileges.
[The American grasshopper lias always
been a healthy bug. In Australia and
(South Africa, however, have been dis
covered cousin species which suffer a
hideous disease compared to which hu
man leprosy is a means toward pleas
ure and adornment. The unsparing
bugologists are importing from the
bacteriological institute of Cape Town
phials filled with the pestilence, nnd
eighteen such vessels have lately been
shipped to flourishing grasshopper
colonies in Mississippi, Nebraska and
Minnesota. And this is how the new
grasshopper disease is prepared:
Grasshoppers killed by the disease
nre collected iu large quantities, dried
and ground into a meal. This meal is
mixed with a gelatinous substance and
put up in tlie glass plilala for ship
ment. In these vessels the disease ele
ments multiply until capable of kill
ing manifoldly more grasshoppers
than originally used in the preparation
of the deadly concoction. Ou receiv
ing the phials the Yankee farmer is
Instructed to thoroughly mix the con
tents of each with two teaspoonfuls of
sugar, lie adds this dose to three
fourths of a tumbler of water, previ
ously boiled nnd allowed to cool. Into
tlie tumbler be places several pieces
of cork.
SCATTERING THE GF.RMS.
After allowing the mixture to stand
a day, during which time tlie disease
has attacked the cork and thoroughly
contaminated tlie fluid, he dips various
and sundry grasshoppers, alive and
kicking, into tiie liquid, the more thus
doused being the merrier for the prom
ised result. After being vigorously
ducked and thereby terrified the pro
testing victims are imprisoned in a
box and fed ou green plants well
moistened with the same fatal liquid.
Having been fed ou this poisonous diet
for twenty-four hours, tlie prisoners
nre liberated, generally in the evening
hours. Then they hop gleefully away
to mingle once more with their anxious
friends. Returning to their haunts
they innocently disseminate their con
tagion far and wide, among all of their
kind which approach to rejoice at their
safe escape and marvel at the accounts
of their terrible experiences. And as
a result of repeated hoppings nnd gnl
llvantings hero and there, from one
green field to another, the scourge is
spread. Then other grasshoppers, big
nnd little, soon begin to indis
posed and as each surveys himself he
is horrified to discover that he is bo
coming covered with a furry, mouse
colored crust. This Increases until
eating into his very vitals. Then he
gives up his ghost to the realm where
the dead grasshoppers go.
Mr. Fanrmer soon appears on the
scene, bears away tlie corpse together
with all others he can find, dries them
all into state of mummification, grinds
them into powder and concocts many
more tumbersful of the liquid pes
tilence. The contagion is thus sowu
to multiply over nnd over again, a
greater harvest of death being reaped
each time until extermination is com
plete.
Ground fairly covered with dead
grasshoppers thus killed was seen in
Beehuaua.iand, South Africa, after an
experimental distribution of the dis
ease there. But the black natives of
this territory, who eat grasshoppers,
objected to sueli wholesale contamina
tion of their diet.
FATAD TO CHINCHBUGS.
Mr. Chinchbug is "it" in a very sim
ilar game devised by tlie enterprising
bugologists. This ravenous iusect
yearly costs the Americar farmer
millions. The most dendiy ill to wbicb
its flesh is heir is discovered to be tlie
"white fungus." It attacks him in
much the same manner ua the afore-
mentioned furry growth infests Mr.
Grasshopper, save that a white rather
than a mouse-colored crust covers his
body and eats out his life. The dis
ease is highly contagious among his
kind. The seed with which the pestil
ence is sown is prepared in this man
ner:
A bottle of raw cornmeal, mixed
with beef broth, is sprinkled with the
white particles of the moldy growth
previously separated from the dried
insects dying of the scourge. The
mold rapidly multiplies after taking
root iu the new media and soon con
taminates the contents of the bottle.
Live and healthy chinch bugs, caught
in the wheat and corn fields, arc con
fined in "contagion boxes" wherein
quantities of tlie infected mixture of
broth and batter have been left ex
posed. The insects thus brought in
contact with the pestilence saturate
their systems with it. They are then
liberated in the fields where originally
found.
Mingling with their healthy kinsmen
they effect just such a widesweeplng
pestilence as noted in the above case
of the grasshopper. Death ensues a
few days after exposure to the disease.
After death tlie white mold increases
in numerous spores. Tlie mold is then
collected, placed back iu the cold
broth nnd batter and left to multiply.
THE DISTKIBUTING OENTEB.
Uncle Sam's agricultural experiment
station at Urbnnn, 111., Is being utilized
as a distributing center for chinch
bugs thus artificially infected. This
institution lias been corresponding
with farmers in various parts of the
country requesting them to box up
and ship by express as many of the
live insects as they can collect. After
exposure to the disease-laden broth
and batter at the experiment station
the contaminated bugs are shipped
back to (lie farmers. The latter are
instructed to keep the bugs confined
until dead from the disease. The
farmers then capture as many live in
fants as can he caught and confine
them with the carcasses of their rela
tives until they show symptoms of the
disease. Then they arc let loose in
the fields in time to create a wholesale
pestilence. Some farmers not only dis
tribute the live bugs thus, but scatter
the dead oues left in their contagion
boxes, attaching them to vegetable
growths threatened. Other farmers
have applied the broth and batter mix
tures directly in plants preyed upon
by large colonies of the ravenous in
sects.
Caterpillars, seventeen-year locusts
and various other insect pests have
been experimented with, the object be
ing to determine some infectious dis
ease capable of their eradication. But
iu these eases difficulty is as yet met.
Insect diseases are little understood.
Mail was ignorant of the ailments of
domesticated animals until compara
tively recent times. Now the Govern
ment annually spends thousands of
dollars a year for studying diseases of
such beasts. Such studies were orig
inally devised by man with tlie direct
motive of self-protection against pois
onous bacilli and parasites. Doubtless
in tlie future wise governments will lie
Instituting laboratories for research in
diseases of the insect kingdom with
the selfish motive of sowing seeds of
such diseases among ill-behaved hugs.
And perhaps in those progressive days
there will have sprung up nnti-vlvi
sectionist societies for tlie protection
of such unfortunate insects or for tlie
dictation of the mode of slaughter to
be meted out to them.
STUDYING DISEASES.
Insects no doubt suffer from as many
characteristic disorders as do men and
beasts. It must be a terrible ordeal
for one of the many three-stomached
species of bugs to suffer indigestion
pains in ail of his dinner receptacles
at once. And imagine what a poor
butterfly would suffer if all of his
23,(XX) eyes were sore and running as
a result of liny fever. Then pity the
centipede attacked with "rhcumatiz"
iu all of his legs. And think of the
ravages of a hereditary disease which
might lie bequeathed by our persistent
friend tue housefly to tlie 740,400 off
springs which she produces iu the
three months of summer.
A fortune of uncountable millions
is certainly iu store for tlie practical
bacteriologist who can successfully
concoct nnd patent a brand of deadly
mosquito smallpox, housefly plague,
caterpillar yellow l'ever, cockroach
diphtheria or some pestilential means
of erasing any of the famous insect
names now upon the black list of the
farmer and housekeeper. And per
haps science will some day brew mal
ignant diseases fatal to such larger
pests as rats, mice and snakes.—, John
Elfretli Wntkins, Jr., in the Washing
ton Star.
Educated Men in Demand.
Never before was the call for trained
men so loud as now. They are in de
mand everywhere. Not only In the pro
fessions, but also in business houses,
manufacturing establishments nnd
even on the farm, they are in great de
mand. The farmer who understands
chemistry, who is able to analyze the
forces of nature, to mix brains with
his soil, will be the great farmer of
the future. There is an increased de
mand everywhere for college-educated
men. We find tliem occupying the best
positions in our insurance, banking,
manufacturing and transportation in
stitutions. Never before was tlie call
for liberally educated men and women
so great as to-day.—Success.
End of Hi. Career.
A man drifted into town . -day pen
niless, and with holes in his shoes, and
ids friends are recalling that when he
left Atchison four years ago, giving up
a good position, they complimented
him upon his ambition to "get out of
tho old rut"—Atchisou Globe.
NEW WAYS OF COWBOYS
CHANGED METHODS ON CATTLE RAN
GES OF THE SOUTHWEST.
Old-Time Cattle Karon* Would Rorome
Bankrupt lu Tlic*e liny* of Economy—
Cowpuncliera Toned Down—The Texas
Steer'* Lost Horns—Greater Humanity.
A Holbrook, Arizona, village 011 tlie
red, muddy hank of the Uio Colorado
in northeastern Arizona is the ntost im
portant cattle market in the Territories
and is the rendezvous of cowboys and
vaqueros from all this region, writes
a correspondent of the New York Sun.
From April to December, almost every
day, carloads of cattle are started from
Holbrook toward Kansas City, Chica
go and Omaha. Last year more than
130,000 head of cattle were shipped
eastward from tills little frontier town,
and there is little doubt that the ship
ments this year will foot up about
148,000, worth, on the curs here, about
$3,350,000. In the early spring months,
when the shipping season opens, it is
common to see 10,000 or 12,000 cattle
bunched together In the enormous cor
ral along the railroad tracks.
There is an abundance of material
for the seeker of picturesque In this
cattle community. At almost any hour
in the day during the spring nnd fall
months the main street in Holbrook is
months the main sreet in Ilolbrook is
lively with from 100 to 200 horses from
the ranges. Every horse carries a
huge saddle a lariat hanging in colls
from the pommel nnd a blanket rolled
and tied at the rear. Some saddles are
elaborately decorated with silver tneks
and emblems, and the tlie bridles on
many horses cost several times more
than the animal themselves are worth.
There nre knots of cowboys here and
there on the street, while all the sa
loons are filled with them 20 out of
every 24 hours. They wear great gray
felt sombreros with gaudy leather
straps for bands, skin tight trousers
and short fancy conts with showy but
tons. All of them wear high boots
with high and sharp heels, and four
fifths of them carry a belt of cartridges
about the waist and one or two shin
ing and finely constructed revolvers at
their hips. Sometimes there are drunk
en, swaggering, swearing cowboys
who raise a din in Holbrook, hut a
large majority of the cowboys, in the
Southwest, at least, are decent sort of
fellows, who are proud of their ad
turous work nnd their skill among
cattle, and despise the drunken fellow
who brags about a bar and thinks it
fun to shoot to frighten other people.
The changes in the methods of cattle
ranching in the Southwest during the
last ten years have removed a large
element of romantic picturesqueness.
The famous cattle barons of tlie West
of 25 and 30 years ago could not keep
out of bankruptcy in these days of
strict business methods and careful
economy on the ranges if they followed
the old methods. Economy and com
mercial prudence are at the bottom of
tlie innovations on the cattle ranges.
The financial disasters which de
throned many a rich cattle king from
1887 to 1898 have necessitated econo
mies where prodigal waste once pre
vailed. Tricks of saving, once thought
contemptible, are in vogue in all up
to-date ranges. Nowadays the bones
of cattle nre saved and sold. No one
thinks of leaving the pelt on an animal
found dead on the range. Time was
when such economy was despised and
left for the poor half-breed Indians.
Even the piles of horns left after de
horning operations are over nre now
collected and made a source of reve
nue. The fertilizer that went to waste
on the ranges is shipped at so much
a ton to horticultural districts in Cali
fornia and Colorado for use In the or
chards. Cowboys are fined for drunk
enness on the range nowadays. A gen
eration ago the cattle kings bought
whiskey and brandy by the barrel for
the cowboys to help themselves to.
By new methods time nnd wenr and
tear on the horses are saved. A half
dozen horses and cowboys to do twice
as much work nnd cover twice as
much teritory as formerly. The brand
ing of calves is done by time-saving
contrivances. A dozen inventions have
been made In cattle cars whereby the
loss from the trampling to death of
animals while In transit to market has
been minimized, and. also, by wldeh
more stock may bo put in a car.
In other particulars the conditions
have changqd also. In former years
the round-ups each spring, generally
about May, were trying times with
the cowboys. Where 15,000 or 20.000
calves were to be cut out of a herd
and branded the work often extended
over a month, but i9d r the later
methods the work Is very materially
lessoned. Now, instead of having to
throw nnd tie each unbranded calf and
steer the animals nre cut out and run
into a. separate herd. They nre then
driven into an Inclosure where Is ail
outlet so narrow as to permit the mov
ing of only one animal at a time.
There, as fast as the string of animals
pass, a branding iron is extended
through the open cracks of the heavy
fence and the necessary decoration
made upon the flnnk of each calf.
Y'et even with all the Improvements
the round-up remains a feature of
ranch life. Here is the greatest op
portunity for the cowboy to display
lils dexterity with the lasso and bis
horsemanship. Some ranches at the
round-up season require 400 or 501
horses. The riding Is always fast and
furious nnd seldom Is an animal used
more than two hours consecutively.
The famous Strasburg clock, which
gave all the movements of the sun,
moou and planets, was constructed
550 years ago.
TRAMP NUISANCE IN SIBERIA. j
Yeari of TranaportHtion Ifuve Deluged
the Land With Criminal*.
Says Solomon, Russian director-iu
cbief of prison administration, in The
Independent: From 18U7 until 1800
Siberia received from European
Russia 8154.04'J transported persons,
including their families. That is near
ly the sixtli part of the actual popu
lation of Siberia. If we confine our
selves to the last dozen years we shall
see that Siberia has received in that
space of time 100,582 transported per
sons, of whom 05,870 were men and
4700 were women. Of the families of
transported persons there were 155
husbands, 17550 wives .and 40,000 eliil- l
dren. Siberia lias thus received *.n the
course of 12 years 150,101 individuals, |
one-thirty-sixth of the total popula- !
tlon. If one takes into consideration j
the number of the transported only
without their families we shall i
that during that period Siberia has J
received for each 57 inhabitants a |
criminal or a man recognized as more
or less dangerous in the country of his j
origin. These figures permit us to j
draw certain important conclusions.
First—Transportation does not con
tribute to the colonization of a coun
try, owing to the great proponderanee
of unmarried persons. Second—The
number of vicious elements introduced
into the country passes all reasonable I
proportion. Of the number of tran- j
sportated males, only 17,550 were j
married; the other 78,322, or 81 1-3
per cent., were unmarried.
These conclusions nre completely
confirmed by a detailed study of the
conditions of transported persons. The
number of transported persons resid
ing in Siberia in 180(5 was 208,574, or
nearly 300,000 individuals of both
sexes. Half of these were criminals
condemned to transportation under the
criminal code, tlie other half under
administrative authority. But they !
can hardly lie distinguished one from i
the other. The opprobrium of their !
situation nnd the misery of their ex- |
istence have reduced them to an ab- '
solutely uniform mass. The third of
this mass, 100,000 men, escape all con- j
trol. The place of their residence is I
unknown to tlie police. They stenl on !
the highways and in villages, they j
beg nnd extort money In every way |
possible. In the summer they bivouac
under the stars nnd conceal them- j
selves in the forests of Siberia; In the j
winter they move toward the cities '
and use every method to secure a j
lodgment in tlie local prisons. The j
second 100,000 men nre equally in a !
state of vagabondage, but tlioy change
their residence to find work. If they !
have not lost tlie habit of work, and j
if they preserve some spiritof honesty, i
they may succeed in establishing
themselves again; if not, they soon j
augment the ranks of criminal vngn- j
bonds. Of the 100,000 who arc left, '
about 30,000 are cultivators of the I
earth and furnish an element of order, j
It is remarkable that this number cor- '
responds to the number of the 1
transported married persons. Tlie
other 70,000 arc workmen. So long j
as they arc young and in good health ;
they gain their dally bread, but when i
infirmity comes many of them take to
begging and often terminate their ex- !
istence in prison, which they have |
avoided until that time.
SAVED BY PALMISTRY.
Tattered Individual Trove* HI. Case bv
Showing HI. Hand..
"Kensontng from antecedent probn- j
blllty," snid .Instleo Kcrsten to a prls- I
oner with a soppy straw bat and a j
turned-down moutli, "I would say that j
when this policeman accuses you of i
being a tramp he is speaking with a j
high regard for the truth."
"Knowing lrstlo about logic," tlio ■
defendant replied, "I am unable to say j
whether 1 am guilty on that proof. ,
But by palmistry I am innocent. My
life line Is good, my capacity for hard I
work is simply astonishing, and my '
confidence in my own ability is sup- !
erli."
"Score one for palmistry. Now hold
up your, hands."
They went up.
"I can't tell whether you have |
worked by the looks of those hands," |
snld the justice. "But in the interest I
or the spread of knowledge I will dl- !
gress and say to you that all article j
known as soap was invented some |
years ago."
"Never hoard of It." said the prison
er cheerfully, "and I know just as
much about my guilt or Innocence as
I do about soap. You might try me
by a jury of my peers."
"Your poors are too busy telling
fairy tales to bartenders on tills mug
gy morning to coine out to help the
ends of justice. The dollar they'd get
for jury service would make them die
of heart disease."
"A doctor told me I'd never have
that," the prisoner said.
"I'm not intensely interested In the
state of your health," Justice Kersten I
said coldly. "I don't know whether
you're a tramp, and neither do you.
I am Inclined to the opinion that you
are, but I guess no policeman will
arrest you between here and the cor
ner."
The prisoner made the trial trip suc
cessfully. and was seen no more.—Chi
aego Journal.
Anticipation and Realization.
Whenever s mother tells her daugh
ter to sweep n room, tho girl thinks cn
v.vingly of tlie day when she will bo
married, and "her own boss." And the
manner, by the way. In which a mar
ried woman Is "her own boss" Is
enough to make that noble bird. Free
dom, drop its tall feathers nnd close
its eyes In death.—Atchison Globe.
Thought Him An Angol.
The late Gen. John M. Palmer used
to enjoy telling of being once mistaken
for a person of greater dignity than the
President of the United States.
"While I was military governor of
Kentucky," said he, "a disturbance oc
curred in some town in the interior. I
was at a distance, but was needed at the
scene. There was no train, no carriage,
no buggy to be got; the only vehicle
available was a big girdled circus char
iot left by some stranded show com
pany. I didn't like it, but there was
nothing else to do, so I got in. You
may imagine. I cut a great dash as I
drove through a small town. People
turned out in droves to see me pass.
When I left the town behind me and
reached the plantations the negroes
saw me and stared with open mouths.
They followed me at a respectful dis
tance, until presently they were joined
by an old, white-haired preacher, who,
on seeing me in my magnificent chariot,
raised his eyes and his arms on high
and, in a voice that stirred all within
hearing, cried;
" 'Bress de Lord, de day of judgment
am cum. an' dis gemman am de angel
Gabriel hisself. Bredren, down on you*
knees and pray, fo' yo' hour am hyar!"
Siberia Settled Largely by Exiles.
Deportation to Siberia began as long
ago as 1591, and at the present moment
many of the principal towns are almost
entirely peopled by exiles who have
completed their terms of imprisonment,
and by their descendants. Now, how
ever, that Russia is intent upon the de
velopment of the country, they no long
er send criminals, but encourage and
aid the respectable peasant class to
emigrate, giving them pieces of land,
which they hold at a nominal rent di
rect from the Crown.—London Sphere.
Hops Grow Wild in English Counties.
It is a somewhat remarkable fact that
the hop, although only cultivated in a
few districts in a few English counties,
yet grown freely in a wild condition in
very many places. It is a perennial,
flowering in July and August, and to be
found in hedges and thickets. The
plant is only cultivated, for instance, in
the northeastern portions of Hamp
shire, and about Petersfield, and even
there it does not cover 3.000 acres in
all. It grows and flourishes, however,
in a wild state all over the county, in
cluding the Isle of Wight.—London
Express.
A pound ot phosphorus heads i.ooo,
000 matches.
The ordinary every-dav life of most of our women is a
ceaseless treadmill of work.
How much harder the daily tasks become when some
derangement of the female organs makes every movement
painful and keeps the nervous system all unstrung I ;
One day she is wretched and utterly miserable ; in a day
or two she is better and laughs at her fears, thinking there
is nothing much the matter after all; but before night the
deadly backache reappears, the limbs tremble, the lips twitch
—it seems as though all the imps of Satan were clutching
her vitals ; 6ho goes to pieces and is flat on her back.
No woman ought to arrive at this terrible state of
misery, because these symptoms are a sure forerunner of
womb troubles. She must remember that Lydia E. Pink
liam's Vegetable Compound ic almost an infalliblo cure
for all female ills, Such as irregularity of periods, which causo
weak stomach, sick headache, etc., displacements and in
flammation of the womb, or any of the multitudes of ill
nesses which beset the female organism.
Mrs. GootScst wrote to Mrs. Plnkham when she
was f.) groat trouble. Her letter tells the result.
" DEAR MRS, PINKHAM:—I am very grateful to you for your kindness
and the interest you have taken in me, and truly believe that your medicines
* .laj--,.and advice aro worth more to a woman than all the
1 , ijdoctors in the world. My troubles began with inflam
mation and hemorrhages from the kidneys, then
: inflammation, congestion and falling of the womb,
am ' inflammation of the ovaries. I underwent local
miafllS treabnont ever y day for some time; then, after nearly
two months, the doctor gave me permission to go
riggS V F back to work I went back, but in less than a week
-Si I was compelled to give up and go to bed. On break-
"V / inft down the second time, I decided to let doctors
V. / and medicines alone and try your remedies. Before
OnL "jmbtfec th o first bottle was gono I felt the effects of it.
Tliree bottles of Eydia E. Plultlinm's Vegetable
Compound and a package of Sanative Wash did
MRS L J CiOODLN ma more good than all the doctors' treatments and
* medicine I have gained twelvo pounds during the
last two months and am better in every way. Thanking you for your
kind advioe and attention, I remain. Yours gratefully,
" MRS. E. J. GOODEN, Ackley, lowa."
Stf 1 " RFWARn
IS H M Wel the genuinenw of the testimonial letter*
M ftl Ptl H 1 m H deposited with the National City Hank, Mass., $5,000,
jj ■ il uj ['{] H J El FJ which will be paid to any person who will ahow that the above
WrJy Hii f w)sfy testimonial is not genuine, or was published before obtaining the
W wßw writer's special permission.—lYDlA li. I'INKBAU MEDICINE CO.
I A Great Boon to Humanity.
Bioxide of sodium seems to be one of
l the greatest boons to humanity which
I the century has given—that is, if the
reports as to the recent demonstration
of is qualities before the French acad
' erny of science prove to be substan-
J tinted.
i It is said that this product possesses
j the property of renewing oxygen, the
life-sustaining principle in air, as well
|as of absorbing carbonic acid as it is
given oflf. Two men with a new appar
| ntus containing bioxide of sodium are
alleged to have put on diving dresses
from which all air was excluded, and
remained for the space of two "Fours
under these conditions. Subsequently
they remained under water for half an
hour under similar conditions.
The availability of this new mean
of vitalizing air in the case of sub
marine craft seems obvious. But its
use is likely to be very extended, en
abling firemen to penetrate the densest
smoke without danger of suffocation,
and miners to pursue their calling safe
ly, by depriving "fire damp" and nox
ious gases of their power to work harm
and death.—Boston Globe.
Pessimists in the Days of Jefferson,
The wails about the young men being
crowded out or opportunity being de
nied them were just as prevalent in the
davs of their fathers and their grand
fathers. Such lamentations against the
Federalists and the "aristocrats" were
common in the times of Jefferson. It
was the popular complaint, for exam
ple, that men like Robert Morris were
enriching themselves at the expense of
I the poor, that youth no longer had a
chance to compete with the favored few,
that the way to education was open only
to the opulent.—Philadelphia Bulletin.
Big Trees in Danger of Being Logged,
j Lumbermen are cutting down the big
I trees of California. The finest of all,
| the Calaveras grove, which has the big
gest trees, came into possession of a
lumberman last April. Some of these
trees are from 4,000 to 5.000 years old;
older than the pyramids and most of the
temples in Egypt. Congress can save
these groves by making National parks
of them, as an effort will be made to
have it done next winter. But it will
have to be done quickly if it is to suc
ceed. It comes near being sacrilege
to put these venerable monsters through
lumber mills.—Harper's Weekly.
1 Possibly the reason why the Japan
ese are so orogressive is because they
arc so cleanly. Public baths arc pro
vided on every street. Japanese work
j men bathe once or twice every day.