Freeland Tribune
Established 1888.
PUBLISHED EVKBY
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to the Tribune Printing Company, .Limited.
In addition to the loss of her col
onies Spain has dropped §40,000,000
per annum of colonial trade.
A groat wave of industrialism is
sweeping over the South. Factories
are springing up ou every hand.
The comment of Euglish newspapers
upon American affairs is lunch more
copious and far more intelligent than
it was a few years ago.
It speaks well for the quality of our
army iu the Philippines that the num
ber of officers who have died of wounds
received in battle is out of all propor
tion to that of the privates.
It has been suggested that as so
many cattle are killed by lightning
while standing near wire fences that
ground wires be used, which would
conduct the electricity from the fence
wires into the earth. The experiment
is so inexpensive as to surely justify a
trial.
A writer in the Century, iu discuss
ing the International Date Line,points
out that by the acquisition of the
Philippines, the United States is the
only nation in the world whose trade
will have to cross the date line to
reach an importaut part of its terri
tory. We are learning now things
aboat our new possessions every day.
A new and practical development of
the co-operative principle is rapidly
gaining ground in the Australian
agricultural districts. It is known as
the shares system, and represents
combined effort on the part of land
lord and tenant in agricultural produc
tion, the profits, after payment of ex
penses, being divided in proportions
mutually agreed upon beforehand.
Arctic whaling appears to be as big
a gamble as Arctic gold mining. The
profits are big when whales are found,
but when they fail to appear the sailor
man is iu a bad way. That is the fix
of the men who sailed in the Jean
nette, the Ivarluk aud the Alexander.
Only one whale has been caught, and
the luek is worse than has been
known in the Arctic for twenty years.
The value of the Methodist camp
meetiug is being called in question by
Ziou's Herald. It suggests the adop
tion of some other system, possibly
that of Northlield, since Methodism
has out-grown its primitive stage, aud
the increasing culture and ability,
alike of its ministry and its laity,
should find recognition, as they will
find opportunity for better efliciency,
in the improvement, if not the aban
donment, of the primitive, spectacu
lar characteristics of its past.
Electrical science has now reached
a point when we canbegin to consider
as a practicable proposition the con
servation and distribution of the
tremendous force generated by the
falling waters of the Sierra, says the
San Francisco Chronicle. It should
be carried to the farms and be made
to saw wood, churn milk, pump water,
grind grain, fill silos, chop feed, run
sewing machines, out sausage meat
and be handy generally. It has been
idle for centuries enough. When it
has dono all this, let it turn to aud
moisten the ground to raise the wood
to he sawed, milk to he churned, the
grain to be ground, the feed to bo
chopped and the meat to he made into
sausages. >Vatm- is kinv
A liluck need.
The fiture historian of the Chicago
renaissance will record the black cir
cumstance that in August. 1899, the
bathtub nymphs of Fra Lorado Taft
and his pupils were chopped up with
hatchets and dumped into Lake Michi
gan. "Chicago doesn't know yet
whether It liked them or not," remarks
the Journal of that town. Art is eter
nal, even if these particular nymphs,
being composed not of bronze or mar
ble, but of plaster and sawdust, were
extremely perishable. The principle of
porkly sculpture remains, and Fra Lo
rado is yet alive to carry on the move
ment. —-New York Run
The woman who Invented satchel
bottom paper bags was offered 520,000
for the patent before she could get
atvav from Washington.
John Y, McKane, a Remarkable Product of Politics,
JOHN Y. McKANE.
The death of John Y. McKane removes one of the most remarkable polit
ical characters ever known to local politics in New York State. He was born
in the County Antrim, Ireland, August 10, 1841. He lived in Ireland until
ho was about four years old, when the McKane family immigrated to this
country aud settled at Sheepsbead Hay, Long Island. McKane did not
smoke or drink. He was a hearty, rugged, blue-eyed mnu with Scotch-Irish
blood iu his veins, who did uot know what it was to become weary either of
work or of political turmoil. As a boy ue dug clams ou the beach iu summer
aud went to the village school iu winter. He worked at gardening and other
odd jobs until he was fourteen, when he was apprenticed to a carpenter. He
learned the building trade and laid the foundation of his wealth at this bus
iness. McKuue always did what ho pleased with the vote of Gravesend. In
181)8 McKane was in the height of his power. William J. Gaynor, after carry
ing ou a light against the McLaughlin Democracy, became a candidate for
Justice of the Supreme Court. He made a dewaud ou McKane for a copy of
the registry lists of Coney Island. They were refused. He said over the
telephone ou October 30, 1803: "Mr. Gaynor will find out that if he wants
to get along with me the easiest way to do is not to tight rae." As a result
of the fight McKane became a convict iu Sing Sing, and William J. Gaynor
became a Justice of the Supreme Court. McKaue served bis term, which,
with rebate for good behavior, was shortened to four and a half years. He
was released from prison April 30, 1898.
goooooooooooooooooooooooop
ITerrible Effects of §
o o
| Porto Rico'sFJupricarie |
o o
OOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOCOGOOOOOO
PONCE, Porto Rico.—The hurricane,
flail as is the havoo it wrought, great
as is the misery it caused, has ac
complished in a day what would have
taken diplomacy years to bring about.
It has taught the natives that the
Americaus are their real friends. The
Americans, by their prompt and gen- !
erous assistance, have wiped out all
lingering prejudices.
Porto Rico suffered more than any
As regards the actual financial loss
to the island occasioned by the hurri
cane, estimates vary. So far as I can
figure it out the loss to the whole isl
and will amount to about seventy-five
million pesos, or more than $30,000,-
000.
This amount covers damage to build
ings and machinery, damage to ware
houses and stores of coffee, tobacco
and sugar; damage to this year's cane,
coffee and fruit crops, including esti
mated loss on the next three years'
W~"
•qpZS? -• * -3
HOUSE IN PONCE DEMOLISHED BY THE
HURRICANE.
other colony by the hurricane of
August 9. Every district in the isl
and has been devastated. Thousands
of homes have been ruined, aud crops
upon which the whole population de
pended for subsistence have been
laid waste beyond retrieve for at least
three years.
|||§yf|| i
BTIIEET IN AUECIBO. PORTO RTOO, OURINO THE HURRICANE, SHOWING
HEIGHT OF WATER ON THE HOUSES.
Porto Rico to-day is aa barren an ;
wan Cuba at the clone of the insurrec
tion. Here, in Porto Rico, fields that
were once beautiful with waving canes,
hillsides but a tew days auo covered
with the green coffee and banana trees
now present a bare and sorry view.
Homes that sheltered happy families
have been washed awuy. The vil-
I lages are crowded with shelterless
people.
j The homeless to-day number about
| one-third of the whole population of
the island.
I have passed through every dis
trict from the capital to Fouce, aud
•\ v V*
fj? •
WRECKED CAFE IN TLAZA ADJOINING CUSTOM HOUSE. PONCE.
often ridden for miles without seeing
a house left standing. Where the
houses withstood the wind the roofs
were gone and furniture and clothing
were ruined by the rains.
It is the well-to-do who are, perhaps,
to be the most pitied. Beautiful
haciendas and powerful sugar factories
were laid as low as the native's shack,
crop; damage to live stock, and dam
age to railways and shipping. It does
not cover the loss sustained by the
Public Works Department, which will
be heavy ; nor does it cover the loss
to the island of capital that was con
fidently expectad to seek investment
here this winter, and which may now
bo frightened away.
The loss of growing crops is, be
yond question, the most serious item
in the island's list of misfortunes.
Everything has been more or less de
stroyed. What the hurricane left the
I floodp carried away. The mapgo,
bread fruit and avocate trees, upon
which the natives depend to a great
extent for subsistence, have been
swept bare or broken down. Only
the most sheltered banaua groves are
left standing. The coffee crop is
wholly ruined, and all but the small
est of the trees have been destroyed.
A cot Fee plant takes five years to ma
ture. The half ripe orange crop is on
the ground. A few caue fields have
escaped, but with the factories de
molished these are only valuable for
fodder.
The wholesale, indiscriminate dis
tribution of food is being stopped,
else the whole population would be
come pauperized. In all centres I
visited rations are now being dis
tributed to the old and infirm and to
young children. To all able-bodied
adults is offered work. At first this
course of action caused some com
plaint, but now the plan is beginning
to work well, and the poor are all the
more independent, and better con
tented for it.
The first care of the military authori
ties has naturally been for the troops.
In Ponce the.ssooogranted by General
Davis to the commander has been
speut in cleaning up in and around
the quarters. At every country station
the troops are living under canvas.
In most cases the barracks have been
blown down. At Aibonito not one
wall of the whole barracks is left
standing. The soldiers lost every
thing they had, and those in the hos
pital had a narrow escape with their
lives.
The barracks collapsed during the
first liour of the storm. Fifteen min- j
utes after the walls had toppled in the i
men, who had even formed ranks out
side in the pelting rain, had appointed
a delegation to wait upon Captain
Wheeler to ask permission to render
assistance to the town. The captain
joined his men. Without a thought
of their own loss, without thought of
any danger, the whole troop crossed
the swollen river between the barracks
and the town, and were soon engaged ;
in the work of rescue, dodging pieces j
of flying zinc or rushing into tumbling
houses.
On the night of the hurricane I was
sleeping on my own plantation in the
district of Bayamon, about ten miles
from the capiial. At about half-past
seven o'clock Tuesday night my cup- i
ituza, or bead luan, came to the door
and reported that tbe Government bad
seat out notice that a hurricane was
approaching, via St. Thomas. Like
many others, I did not give full cred
ence to the warning. At half-past five
the wind was blowing thirty miles an
hour.
Daylight was long in coming, for the
sky was inky black. When dawn did
come we could bo sure the storm was
not far away, and everpthing movable
was taken in. Tenants began to run
to us for shelter and we took them
in also.
At half-past seven o'clock the storm
began in earnest, and in half nn hour
it was impossible to stand against the
wind. We had braced and tied down
the roof as best we could, but one sin
gle pufif carried away all our stays. In
half an hour our roof was goue and
the rain pelting in. At ten o'clock the
wind wns blowing seventy-five miles
an hour. Once we made a sortie, and
rescued a woman and two obildren,
but hardly had we got them inside
when tho house begau to creak and
groau, and we sought the open. Dodg
ing flying branches of trees and stray
bits of timber, we crawled along the
lee side of a penguin feuce to a shack,
sheltered behind a hill,
It was half-past twelve before the
storm was over and we could venture
forth. Our house, we found, had not
blown down entirely; but the wooden
walls were slanted at an angle of thirty
degrees. The roof was completely of!
and everything inside absolutely
ruined by the water.
It was two days before we could
cross tbe river to get to market. Every
peasant's hut for three miles around
was down. Four hundred houßes on.
the outskirts of Bayamon were piled
up in the public road. The railroad
running to Ban Juan had been com
pletely washed away. The highways
were blocked with rubbish. It was
two days before supplies of bread
reached the town. In the interim the
people livid en half ripe fruit.
|p®®®®®®®® ®®3® sa s sxsxaxs ®
1 TALES OF FLOCK |
i: AND ADVENTUBK J
I®®®®®®s®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®^
The Ml union Women In the Fiji®.
I Among the friends made iu the eaily
days of my ministry, writes G. W.
Payue, iu the New Voice, was the
Rev. William Moore, now deceased,
and several members of his family.
Mr. Moore labored for mauy years in
the Fijian Methodist Mission, his
career dating back into the dark days
of lust aud blood amid which that
mission began. His party lauded
among caunibal savages. Auarchy and
bloodshed prevailed ou every side.
The missionaries were frequently
threatened with instant destruction,
their houses destroyed and their prop
erty stolen. In other parts of the
group mission workers found a
martyr's death. Many stirring inci
dents occurred iu the earlier and
darker (lays of their work which have
never been recorded. The incident of
which I write was related some years
since in my hearing.
Shortly after the advent of the mis
sion party referred to, a leading chief,
named Thakoinbau, acquired consid
erable influence over the savages
throughout the group. He was a man
of great intelligence aud striking per
| sonality. In later years, by wise
statecraft, ho brought the scattered
tribes of Fiji into some sem
blance of true nationality. But
his superiority displayed itself dur
ing early mauhood iu the successful
conduct of numerous wars with neigh
| boring tribes. After every battle cau
| nibal feasts were held to celebrate a
j victory or to ameliorate the chagrin of
a temporary repulse. At such times
prisoners captured iu war or kidnapped
from hostile villages were clubbed aud
j eateu. After sowo years the mission
aries succeeded in rescuing many of
the prisoners destined for death, and
occasionally in checking the wild
orgies over those actually slain.
During one of the frequent tribal
wars the missionaries journeyed to a
distant village with a view of recon
ciling the tribes concerned. Tliakom
bau, for the time being, resided in a
village adjacent to the mission station.
.During the absence of thetaissionaries
a party of his warriors brought in
seven women captured while gather
ing food ou the plantations of their
enemies. The chief forthwith decided
to celebrate a great feast, aud all
night long preparations were in
progress. In the early morning news
came to the mission house that crowds
were gathering to witness the slaugh
ter of the captives and to participate
in the feast. The wives of the mis
sionaries were alone with their little
ones and a few faithful attendants,
while the country was full of yelling
savages. In the absence of their
husbands no one remained to de
nounce the iniquity or plead for the
victims. After brief consultation
these heroic women, leaving their
little ones and commending all to
God, determined to act as the mis
sionaries would have done had they
been at home. When they reached
tho scene the butchery had begun.
Three bodies lay side by side, the
skulls dashed in by tho death-club.
Without a moment's hesitation these
dauntless women confronted the
frowning chief, denouncing the horrid
iuiquity of it all and warning him of
the wrath of heaven against his deeds.
Then tlicy pleaded for the lives of the
remaining captives. The chief waited
till they had finished speaking. All
present expected to see an outburst
of rage culminating iu the death of
those who dared to cross his purpose
in such away. A word, or even a
gesture, aud their bodies would have
lain beside those at their feet. For a
moment a lurid gleam shot into the
fierco countenance; hut it passed as
quickly as it came.
"What I have killed I have killed,"
he said. "The others are yours.
Take them. Go!"
With feverish haste the uoble wom
en loosed the bonds of the captives
and led them away.
One Gun Agnln*t a Ileclinent.
A fresh story of n naval officer's
courage in the Philippines is brought
to Washington by Surgeon Stone, late
of the Bennington, who is now in the
city. Its hero is Lieutenant Emory
Winship, also of tho Bennington, and
now on leave in this country, recover
ing from the effects of five Mauser
bullets gathered iu various parts of
his anatomy while saving a lauding
party of 125 men from beiug out up
by a regiment of Filipinos.
It happeued shortly after the bom
bardment of Malabon, about March 5,
that Admiial Dewey expressed a wish
for. some photographs of the earth
works aud houses that had been
struck by the ten-inch shells from the
Monadnock. Commander Tausigsaid
that if he were allowed to land a few
boat loads oi men he could get all the
photographs wanted, it was believed
at that time that the hostiles had all
vacated that part of the shore, so per
mission was given to laud a party.
Several boats, with between 125 and
150 men, started ashore and on land
ing made for an old church which was
the chief objeot of interest.
A false idea of security led them to
advance very carelessly, throwing out
no advance and taking nothing but
their side arms. Only a boat guard
of two men under Winship was lett to
keep up steam in the launoh which
hod towed iu the landing party, but
fortunately the launch had a small
automatio gun mounted forward, and
Winship was well acquainted with its
working.
The lnnding party had gone inland
some little distance, when they were
surprised by a whole regiment of Fili
cinos. who suddenly auDeared ont of
the jungle. The natives advanced on
the run, shooting wild, but confident
of cutting off the whole party. Those
ashore expeoted little else, but seeing
it was a case of a foot race or a fu
neral, they doubled back for the
boats, yelling lustily. That was
where Winship came on in a star part.
He unlimbered his machine gun on
the Filipinos, calculating closely, so
as not to enfilade his own comrades.
It was practically one man against a
thousand, and the natives came on
with a rush, hoping to put the lone
gunner out of action before his fel
lows could reach the launch, Winship
received the bulk of their fire, thereby
also contributing to the safety of the
landing party, but he stood up to his
work, lie was struck five times—
once in the shoulder, the arm, the hip,
and twice iu the leg. He braced him
self and coutiuued to train the gun
while his men fed it ammunition.
Thirty Filipinos dropped under his
fire before the little jungle men de
cided they had enough. Their rush
was checked aud theu they ran, pur
sued by the relentless lire of Will
ship's lone gun.
The retreating boat crews reached
the shore just in time to see Winship
sink down in tli6 bow of the launch.
The closest estimate that could be
made of the enemy's loss was about
sixty killed aud wounded.—Washing
ton Star.
Just Saved From Deatli.
A thrilling incidout occurred a few
mornings ago at the B. and O. S. W.
Railroad bridge over Hogau Creek,
near Lawrenceburg, Ind. Two men
named Hatch and Powell were walk
ing across the bridge when train No.
4, known as the "Newspaper Train,"
from St. Louis, came rolling down
upon them. It was too groat a dis
tance from end to end of tho bridge for
the men to escape iu that way, and
to leap from it meant a fall of sixty
feet aud almost certain death. To
lie down on each side of the track was
almost sure death, as there was not
room enough. Iu terror the two men
laid down by the side of the rails.
Frank Evans, the engineer, saw tho
men aud reversed his engine with
such promptness aud applied the
brakes with such energy that the fly
iug train was brought to a sudden
standstill. It was none too soon, for
when the engino stopped the two mou
lay pinioned, bruised aud bleeding,
beueath the ponderous engine that
held them fast in the very jaws of ,
an impending death. Evans called j
out to the helpless men: "Keep quiet,
I will save you," then slowly backed
the train off the imprisoned men and
off the bridge, so that they could
crawl out of the reach of further dan
| ger. Their clothes were in rags, but
| their limbs were unbroken.
The Duller Who Forgot.
It is not often tbat an enlisted man
gets a chance to run a part of the tight
to suit himself. That chanoe, how
ever,came toone bugler. Captain Han
nay, finding that L Company was too
far away to hear orders, sent his bugler
after tho company to sound the charge.
At tho first notes L flew onward. It
was right hero that the bugler for
got, for the time being that ho was
only tho commanding officer's orderly.
He saw another chance for L to move
on the jump—too good a chance, he
thought, to be lost. He sounded once
more, aud Lieutenant lioss, imagin
ing, of course, that the order came
from Captain Haunay, executed it.
Not oven yet was the bugler's thirst
for forward action sated. He sounded
again aud ngain, as the heat of gener
alship made his blood flow iast and
hot. liy the time the bugler came to
himself and relinquished the duties
of fight-direotor, the poor fellows of
L Company were troubled with short
ness of breath. In this brisk afi'air, |
according to tho official report, the I
dead reached a total of about sixty, I
including some officers. It is the !
enemy's dead that is meant, of course. |
Twenty-one Mausers and six Eeming- |
tons were the spoils of this field.— '
Manila Correspondent in Leslie's !
Weekly.
Adventuro With a Dear.
"While berrying on the Ammonia
Mountains a few days ago Mrs. Samuel }
Stanton, of Canton, Penn., was startled i
by a crackling sound in the bushes. )
Investigation revealed a huge black
bear eating berries oil a bush. The
beast came at her and seized her bucket
of berries, while the woman, terrified,
fled down the mountain with the bear
following her. Hunters who went out
found the empty buoket, but no bear.
LI Hung Chang No Patriot.
"I regret to say that I may have to
shatter a possible American idea,"
says Admiral Charles Beresford. "Li
Hung Chang is no patriot. He is
nothing but a selfish old millionaire,
anxious to make money at the expense
of his oountry's ruin.
"It doesn't make any difference
what his political sympathies are,
whether he is the friend of Eussia or
Eugland. Ho is a cipher, without
office and without influence.
"His successor as Viceroy of China
is Jnng Lu, now the diplomat of
highest rank in the Empire. -He is
friendly to the 'open door,' though it
be held open with the iron hand. The
Emperor of China is still alive, re
poris of his assassination to the con
trary notwithstanding. He was a re
former, hut ho tried to reform too fast.
"You can't alter the system of 4000
years in a few months, and, as he
tried, he was asked to step down.
The Dowager Empress, who has been
a power in Chinese palace politics for
two generations, rules as regent in
the name of the Emperor."—New
England Magazine.
Norweigan legislators propose that
girls who do not know how to knit,
sew, wash and cook should be refused
permission to marry. Daughters of
wealthy men ure not to be excepted.
METAL TRADING-CHECKS.
IN GENERAL CIRCULATION IN MANY
DISTRICTS OF THE WEST.
Knutanceft of Hardship Caunad by Their Use
—The Government's Limited Powers—
Similitude to United States Coins
Causes Confusion.
Tlie question has arisen in various
quarters, why the Government has
not taken some steps to prevent the
general use of the metal trading
checks which are in circulation in
many of the country districts of the
West. These checks are about the
size of a silver twenty-live-cont coin.
They are stamped with the name of
the firm issuing them, and with the
statement that they will be received
I for the amount of their face—which
may be anywhere from fivo cents to
one dollar—iD trade. Ostensibly they
are redeemable only at the store is
suing them; but, by a tacit agree
ment among the merchauts in a neigh
borhood, the checks are often accepted
wherever presented, and then from
time to time a geueral cleariug takes
plaoe between the issuing houses.
A good deal of hardship has been
caused by the use of these checks in
places where the stores were few, or
where all the merchants were com
peting with such fierceness as to pre
clude the exchange of courtesies. In
one lumber camp of Minnesota the
proprietors have put into circulation
some $25,000 worth of checks, prac
tically the only money known there.
The men buy all their household
necessaries at the compauy's store, as
a rule, and there the compauy's trad
ing-checks are always good for their
face. But the other day a pitiful case
came to notice, where a woman whose
husband had removed to another
camp, and who had to provide for her
self and four children, went to the
company's store with one of its checks
to buy some flour. The store hap
pened to be out of flour, the check
was not good at any of the nearest
hamlets, and, the woman's husband
having left the neighborhood, she
could not get credit on her own ac
count, and experienced much suffer
ing in consequence. This is only one
instance of many complaints of which
are coming to Washington, the theory
of the writers being that the United
States Government can very soon
break up the use of the checks if it
will.
Unfortunately, nothing can be done
under the present law, and with the
courts of the West making their very
rigid rulings on tho construction of
the statute. Most of the dealers whe
are putting out these private coins
take refuge behind a decision of the
United States Supreme Court in the
Van Auken case a number of years
ago, to the effect, that trade checks and
tokens redeemable in trade only do
not fall within the purview of the law
forbidding the private issue of cur
rency. If any of tbo tokens were
stampod "Goo-l for ten cents," they
would be outside of tho Van Auken
decision, and the merchants issuiug
them would bo liable to prosecution.
The tendency of the courts to support
the claim of tbo merchauts while they
keep within tho technical limits set
by the Van Auken case was shown by
a recent decision of Judge Grosscup
in Illinois, and a later oue to substan
tially tho same effect in one of the
courts of Minnesota.
Appeals have been made to mauy of
the merchants issuing trading checks
to cut these checks square in sbapo,
or in some other way reduce their
present similitude to United States
coius. Although aluminium is used
extensively in making the checks, and
its light weight ought to warn u per
son of any observation whatever, the
checks bear so geueral a resemblance
in size, shape and color to genuine
morey that ignoraii* persons are lia
ble to be, ami continually are, lured
into taking them as money. So fur
the appeals have been in vain; aud,
as prosecutions in some of the States
have fallen fiat, tho operatives of the
Secret Service have been instructed,
whenever a case of the trading cheek
abuse comes under their notice, to lay
it before the United States District
Attorney for the district concerned,
and leave him to judge whether a
prosecution shall be instituted or not.
Possibly the matter may be presented
to Congress at its next session, with a
request from the Secretary of the
Treasury for some remedial legisla
tion.
It is now understood that the Junior
Republic, which is to be established
near Annapolis Junction, Md., as an
offshoot of the George Junior Re
public at Freeville, N. Y., will issue a
coinage and paper currency of its own.
Tne coinage will be of aluminum, the
denominations following those of the
silver coinage of the United States,
while the bills will be for one, two,
Ave and ten dollars respectively.
Whether these coins and bills fall
within the counterfeiting laws or not
will depend upon their design, color
and inscription. If the resemblanco
to actual money is dangerously close,
the Secret Service will undoubtedly
pounce upon the whole outfit. Tho
Junior Republic has an opportunity
of setting a good example of respect
for the law by avoiding a cla*h with
the Government in this respect. Tho
toy money will answer all its proper
purposes just as well if some very
obvious differences are observed be
tween it aud the Government's coin
and notes. Iu some of the business
colleges a special currency is used to
practice the students in bankiug and
other mercantile work, aud great care
is exercised to avoid treuohing upon
the counterfeiter's domain.
The republic of Hayti, sometimes
called the "Black Republic, "occupies
about one-third of the Island of Ilayti,
San Domingo covering the rest.
Ninety per cent, of the 800,000 oiti
■ens are Africcns who sneak French,