Freeland Tribune
Established 1888.
PUBLISHED EVERY
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BY THS
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The danger of aollision between
Bnssia and England is due to the de
sire of yonng men of both nations to
go East and grow np with the coun
try- _
The Paris Exposition authorities
have awarded to the United States a
total of 250,000 square feet of space; j
but the demands from this country ,
already call for 700,000 square feet,
says United States Commissioner Ben- i
jamin W. Woodward.
The London Chronicle says: Amer- ]
ica, after some hesitation, has chosen
the narrow path of duty which always
attracts the brave mind. She has now
to show it is in her power to bestow
npon her new possessions a strong,
an honest, an enlightened rule. For
our part, we have never for a moment
doubted that she will do so in full
measure.
Looking back over the statistics of I
1898, the criminologist of the Chicago J
Tribuno reports a gratifying decrease
in the crimes of embezzlement, for
gery, defaulting and bank-wrecking,
the amount of last year's stealings for
this country being little more than
half as much as in 1897 and lower than
any year since 1888. Such a decrease
in crime is a pretty good measure of
the improvement of the times.
The great changes that have taken
place in the methods of constructing
big office buildings within the last few I
years, since the age of steel skeletons ■
and terra-cotta oovering was ushered
in, have rendered neoessary a lot of
engineering knowledge, especially as
regards the strength and best forms j
of steel beams. Accordingly, the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
has modified its curriculum by intro
ducing a course in architectural en
gineering. This will be taken during
the second term of the third year in
that famons school.
We are a school-going people. Of
our seventy-one millions above six
teen millions were in primary or
superior schools in 1897. In respect
to the mere matter of attendance we
stand very high. Official statistics
show that for every thousand inhabit
ants we have 205 pupils in elementary
schools. This is a higher ratio than
is reached in Germany, which has 175
in a thousand, or Switzerland, which
has 199. We fall in the scale, how
ever, when the comparison is made on
length and regularity of sohool at
tendance. For the whole population
this averages not above 4| years of 200
days each, whereas in Germany the
average rises to 7.2 years of 200 days
each.
The achievements of Ensign Ward
of the Secret Service during the war
with Spain would form the basis for
a story as full of dramatic sitnations
as any that ever came from the pen of
Dumas or Stevenson. Hobson did
nothing that surpassed in daring the
action of yonng Ward in visiting
Spain in disguise in tho height of
hostilities to inspect and watch Span
ish vessels. Had his disguise been
detected his life would not have been
worth a rush. He would have furnished
the nation another Nathan Hale.
Happily his ingenuity saved him from
euch a fate. It is by such aots, which
are now being made public for the
first time, that the country is learning
the extent of Government efforts to
defeat Spain.
Something .Similar.
"The expression O. K. is an Amer
icanism, I am told," said the English
man. "True," replied the American,
"and yet that is but little different
from a term ranch used in despotic
countries." "Indeed?" "Yes; in Rus
sia, for instance, there is the ukase."
—Pittsburg Chronicle-Telegraph.
Naturally I ntermted.
"You feel a deep interest in the sta
bility of your country, don't you?"
said the patriotic young man.
"Of course I do," answered Senator
Sorghum. "If there wasn't any coun
try, there couldn't be any government
jobs, could there?" —Washington
Star.
CEORCE AND MARTHA.
The belles and'beaux were courtly when
In powdered wigs they met;
The dames were prim and stately when
They entertained, an J yet
Theirs may to us seem curious ways—
In George and Martha's courting days.
The world seemed young, all nature fair,
When George a-courtiug went:
Yet, if wo look, perchance we'll find
To gain tlie dame's consent,
He sang to her love's sweetest lays—
In George and Martha's courting days.
For lovers loved the same as now,
And maids were sly and coy;
And passion burned within tiie heart
And turned to grief or joy:
And love's lire kindled to a blaze—
In George and Martha's courting days.
Imagine, if wo can, the time
When George, in velvet coat.
Sent perfumed notes to Martha's bower,
Or love-lorn verses wrote,
When Cupid sent his piercing rays—
In George and Martha's courting days.
And when, perchance, he went to woo,
Mavliap his snowy lace
At wrist and throat just brushed across
His blushing lady's face.
And eyes met eyes in fondest gaze-
In George and Martha's courting days.
So picture to yourself her smile,
As thereon bended knee
The lover knelt by Martha's side.
And vowed his constancy;
For theirs wore lovers' old, sweet ways
la George and Martha's courting days.
O 0 OGOOC 00 OOOOOOOOOOOOOCO CO
§ WASHINGTON AT HOME §
o o
§ The Social Sble of I.ife at Mount 8
O Von,on. 5
GO'JOGOCOGGOOOOOOOOOCOOCCOS
/i artiia custis
fs|\/| first, met George
"B X I Washington when
9 I he was a Colonel,
fi Ue was on his way
-lAil 1° Williamsburg to
Ir&Siir! Bee Governor,
! w hen was met
h ? a Mr. Chamber-
layue, who owned a
* I ill VI ■ I plantation along
lull I n I " Ie w ay, and was
Jilt I V asked to stop and
111 | \ v , dine with him.
11l I Washington replied
01 n 1 that hi s business
% \ ' was urgent, and he
■ML was only persuaded
when Chamberlyne
Ntold him that he
had a young widow
visiting him who was rich and fail' to
look upon. He finally accepted, say
ing that it could be only for dinner,
and that, the meal over, he must
hasten on to Williamsburg by moon
light. Ho then threw the reins of
his horse to Bishop, his body-servant,
and told him to wait for his return.
Dinner being over, the Virginia Col
onel was so pleased with his company
that he was in no hurry to go. He
forgot all about poor Bishop and his
horse, and accepted an invitation to
remain over night. It was, it may be
said, a case of love at first sight.
Washington went on to Williamsburg
j next clay, and on his return he called
1 at the house of Mrs. Custis and asked
| her hand in marriage. She accepted
aud they were married in great style
I at her home on the Pamuukey River
on the (sth of January, 1759. A honey
moon of several months was spent
here, and then the couple took a wed
ding tour to Mount Vernon.
Mrs. Custis was twenty-six years old
at the time, and Washington was three
months her senior. Her maiden
name was Martha Dandridge. She
| had been married at seventeen to
Colonel Daniel P. Custis, the son of
John Custis, of Arlington, who was
one of the grandees of early
Virginia. Martha Custis had four
children, two of whom were
living at the time she married Wash
ington. By the death of her first
husband she was left wealthy, and
she brought to her new husband
about ono hundred thousand dollars
in money and a largo amount of real
estate.
Martha Custis was a belle at seven
teen, and at twenty-six she was a
blooming widow. She was under mid
dle size and had dark brown eves and
hair. Washington is said to have been
a homely young man and a very fine
looking old one. Martha Washington
was a very pretty girl, but not a very
good-looking old woman. She was
very proud of her husband, and they
I show the little room in the second
story of the home at Mount Vernon in
| which she secluded herself after his
I death, seeing no one for months, and
allowing only a cat to enter the room
through a hole which was cut under
the door.
General Washington stood six feet
three in his slippers, and, in the prime
of his life was rather slender than
otherwise, but as straight as an arrow.
His form was well proportioned and
evenly developed, so that he carried
his tallness gracefully, and looked
strikingly well 011 horseback. There
has never been a more active, sinewy
A CORNER or THE DRAWING ROOM AT
MOUNT VERNON.
figure, than his when he was a young
man; it was only in later lite that his
movements became slow and dignified.
When Washington was appointed to
command the Revolutionary armies, it
is plain from his letters home that one
of his greatest objections to accepting
the appointment was the "uneasi-
WASHINGTON PRESENTING LAFAYETTE TO MARTHA WASHINGTON.
[The illustration represents the presentation of young Lafayette to Mrs. Washing
ton during ono of the few occasions of social enjoyment and ceremony which the vicis
situdes of the war permitted to Washington and his aides during the trying campaign
which followed the arrival of the gallant young Frenchman on our shores. The figure
of Washington as represented by the artist is a noble and charaoterlc representation of
the great soldier and patriot, nud the portrait of Mrs. Washington and her costume are
I true to the traditional forms.]
ness," as he termed it, that it would t
cause his wife to have him absent from t
home.
General Washington was a very rich i
man; his wife was very rich, and her 1
three children were heirs to great i
wealth. He had a little principality -
to govern. Besides the farms about
his own residence on the Potomac, .
with several hundred slaves upon them, i
he possessed wild lands in most of the ]
best locations then known, as well as
shares in several incorporated com- '
panies. He derived an important part t
of his influence from the greatness of 1
his wealth and the antiquity of his t
family—things which were then held | -
in much more respect than they are ! 1
now. Washington's estate was worth i
three-quarters of a million dollars; but i
it gave him far more personal conse- i
quence in the country than twenty :
times such a fortune could at present.
The rich planter of that day, living as
he did on a wide domain of his own,
the owner of those who served him,
riding about in his coaoh and six, and
with no near neighbors to restrain,
censure, or outshino him, was a kind
of farmer-prinee.
It was fortunate for Washington
that he came to his wealth when his
character was mature. Being a
younger son, he had no expectations
of wealth in his youth, and ho grew
up in a very hardy, sensible manner,
on an ettormons farm, not a fourth
part of which was cultivated. His
father dying when he was eleven
years old, he came directly under the
influenco of his mother, who was one
of the women of whom people say,
"There is no nonsense about her." j
She was a plain, energetic, strong
willed lady, perfectly capable of con
ducting the affairs of a farm, and
scorning the help of others. When
she was advanced in years, her son
in-law offered to manage her business
for her.
"Y'ou may keep the accounts, Field
ing," was her reply, "for your eye-
THE BANQUET lIAI.L AT MOUNT VERNON.
sight is better than mine, but I can
manage my affairs myself."
On another occasion, General Wash
ington asked her to come and live
with him at Mount Vernon.
"Thank you, George," said she,
"but X prefer being independent."
And so to the last she lived in her
' own plain farmhouse, and superin
' tended the culture of her own acres,
not disdaining to labor with her own
hands. When Lafayette visited her
he found her at work in her garden,
with her old sun-bonnet on, and she
came in to see him, saying:
"I would not pay you so poor a
compliment, Marquis, as to stay to
chauge my dress."
Ileing the son of such a woman, and
trained by her in a simple, ratioual
manner, George Washington was pre
pared to enjoy the lot that fell to him,
without being spoiled by it.
With all his wealth he was not
exempt from labor. Cultivating a
large tract of country, he spent much
of his time in riding about to visit the
different farms, to consult his over
r seers aud superintend his improve
ments. It is computed that he spent
■ about one-half of the days of his life
[ on horseback. Like all out-of-door
1 men, he was exceedingly fond of a
. good horße —a taste which he had in
> common with 'his mother, who was
1 said to be as good a judge of horses as
s any man in Virginia. Nothing was
; more common than for him to mount
- his horse after breakfaßt and rid* all
day, only dismounting for a few
minutes at a time.
On those great plantations far from
any large town, and worked by negroes,
the master was often obliged person
ally to superintend any .operation
which was out of the ordinary routine.
There were balls occasionally at
Alexandria, and we find Washington
attending them, and entering into the
humors and gayeties with much spirit.
The usual course of a day at Mount
Vernon was something like this: The
master rose early, shaved and dressed
himself, except that his queue was ar
ranged by a servant. His first visit
was to the stable. It is recorded of
him that he once applied, with his
own strong right arm, a stirrup strap
to the shoulders of a groom who had
ill treated a favorite horse. After n
light breakfast of corn cake, honey and
tea, the General would tell his guests,
if he had any, and he usually had, to
amuse themselves in their own way
till dinner time, offering them his
I WASHINGTON S BTATE COACII.
j stables, his hunting and fishing ap-
I paratus, his boats and his books to j
their choice. Then he would mouut <
: his horse and ride about his farms, re
turning at half-past two, in time to j
dress for dinner at ttiree. He was al- I
ways dressed with care for this meal, I
as on all other occasions of ceremony.
I He liked plain dishes and was particu
i larly fond of baked apples, hickory
j nuts, and other simple products of the
! country. It was his custom to sit a i
good while at the table after dinner,
talking over his hunts and his adven
tures while in service during the
French war. His usual toast was,
"All our friends." The evening was
spent in the family circle round the
blazing wcod fire, and by ten o'clock
he was usually asleep. Such was the
ordinary life of this illustrious farmer
at home, before his country called him
j to the field to defend her liberties; and
| it was just the kind of life that was
best fitted to prepare him for the coin-
I mand of an army of American farmers.
The Example of Washington.
"Yes," observed Brown, "I have
long since quit advising young men to
' follow in the footprints left by George
Washington upon the sands of time."
| "But," protested Smith, "you
; surely will not deny that the integrity
' and the patriotism of Washington
have raised up a standard which it
should be the constant effort of every
American youth to reach?"
"Oh, no," replied Brown; "I have
no fault to find with either his integ
rity or his patriotism."
i "Then why do you not consider it
• advisable for our young men to follow
his example?" queried his friend in
; | surprise.
I "Well, I arrived at that conclusion
i from my own experience. You see,
> ' my father always advised me to take
| George Washington as the guiding
1 ; star of my ambition, and insisted that
1 I I should follow with all possible ex
- ; actness iu the footsteps of that illus
, | trious gentleman."
1 "Excellent advice. Did you fol
k i low it?"
i "To the letter. I studied the life
t of Washington with unfailing diligence
! and all my actions were a refiex of
his. Whatever he did, that did I."
"And you have lived to regret it."
j "Bitterly."
! "That is remarkable. What deed
• of his did you duplicate that caused
i your regret?"
i "Well—er—Washington, you know,
i married a widow."
i
i Numerous societies of women for
t the disarmament of the nations have
1 been started in Holland.
A Talk With Uramlpa.
"No school to-day! No school to-day!'-
The children shouted, wild with glee,
"But, why," said Grandpa. "Tell me,
Pray,
Why such a thing should be?
'Tis but the middle of the week.
'Twas Christmas lately and Now Year's.
Don't hurry off to hide-and-seek;
There's soruo mistake, my dears."
"No, no! There's surely no mistake.
A holiday we have again.
We're sure our ears were wide awake;
The teacher said it plain."
"But why?" "Grandpa, you ought to know!
On such a February morn.
More than a hundred yenrs ago,
George Washington was born."
"George Washington? And who was ho?"
"A manly boy who told no lies.
He grew to be u Goneral,
80 brave and good and wise!
And first in war and first in peace,
First also in a nation's heart;
Ills birthday we shall never cease
To love and set apart.
"You just pretend; you can't forget!"
Ba!d Grandpa: "Well you'vo found me outl
I own I do remember yet
That following him about
For Freedom's sake, my grandsiro won
A wooden leg!—and proudly wore
The trophy when the war was done!
You'vo heard the tale before."
WASHINGTON RELICS.
Articles of Priceless Worth Kept in the
National Museum.
One of the most interesting relics ia
the National Museum at Washington
is the camp chest used by Washington
throughout the Revolution. It is a
compact affair about the size of a
tourist's wicker chest for cooking, of
the present day, twc and one-half feet
long, two feet wide, one foot high, and
it contains an outfit consisting of tin
der box, pepper and salt boxes, bot
tles, knives, forks, gridiron and plates.
1 Every bit of the outfit save oue bottle,
which is broken at the shoulder, looks
1 stroug enough to stand another cam-
I paign.
Nearby are the tents used by Wash
ington, three [in number. One is a
sleeping tent, twenty-eight feet long,
with walls six feet high and a roof with
a six-foot pitoh. It is made of linen.
The other two are Marquee tents of
smaller size, one with walls, the other
a shelter tent open on the sides. That
the tenting material of Revolutionary
days was good stuff is proved by the
excellent condition of these tents,
which sheltered the great commander
through all his severe campaigns.
Hero also is Washington's uniform,
worn by him when he gave up his
commission as Commander-in-Chief of
the army, at Annapolis, in 1783. It
consists of a big shadbelly coat of blue
broadcloth, lined and trimmed with
soft buckskin and ornamented with
broad, flat brass buttons; buckskin
waistcoat anil breeches. The size of
the garments (which are in a state of
excellent preservation) testify to the
big stature of the "Father of His
Country" and suggest that he had an
eye to a fine appearance in his dress.
WiiHliliigton'B IVi-Nonal Coarage.
In personal bravery, the first re
quisite of a soldier, Washington was
equal to any man he ever commanded.
He was more courageous than Napo
leon, unless weare to accept the theory
that the latter was merely shamming
irresolution to avoid responsibility on
the memorable occasion when he tem
porarily yielded the command to Aug
ereau during his Italian campaign and
unless we are to be very charitable to
his terrors on St. Helena.
The moat convincing proof Wash
ington ever gave of courage was when
he marched with Braddock, knowing
as he did that the column was doomed
to destruction by the Briton's pig
headedness, and when he brought off
the remnant of the beaten army under
a storm of bullets. The four bullet
holes in his coat, the two horses shot
under him, proved that.
Tradition will have it that in this
light an Indian chief, astounded that
this tall officer did not fall to any of
the many bullets aimed at him, cried
to his followers: "Fire athimno more!
Can ye not see that the Great Spirit
protects that chief? He cannot die in
battle."
Braddock's rout came near the be
ginning of Washington's military
career. Yorktowu was almost its
close. There Washington was stand
ing exposed in one of his batteries,
when an aide ventured to remind him
that it was a dangerous place.
"If you think so, you are at liberty
to step back, sir," was his rejoinder.
A bullet struck a cannon by his side,
and General Knox grasped his arm,
crying out: "My dear General, we
can't spare you yet."
' 'lt is a spent ball; no harm is done,"
Washington replied.
Curiously enough, civil life furnishes
an instance, of the first President's
coolness. This when "Citizen Genet,"
the Minister of the French Republic,
was warned by Washington to cease
violations of the neutrality of the
United States.
Genet was fitting out privateers to
war upon Great Britain, and American
public sentiment, so soon after the
war, was with him. Vice-President
John Adams writes that "ten thousand
people in the streets of Philadelphia
day nfter day threatened to drag
Washington out of his house aud effect
j a resolution in the Government, or
j else compel it to declare war in favor
of the French Revolution and against
I England."
j But Washington was as little moved
| lay yelling mobs as by whistling bul
lets.
Washington's Birthday.
Blessed with genius, a gift so rare
That none with him could then compare;
Destined in the realm of fate—
A mind organic, high estate
To be a Washington.
Behold the splendors of that night!
Grund borealis shinoth bright
In colors red, and white, aud blue,
Blending, mingling heavenly hue,
As God and Man and Bon.
If character's a gift supreme,
Divine is man, divine iny theme,
Divine is God, divine the Son,
A blending, mingling into one--
God's gifts to Washington.
—Emerson.
I FAEI AND GAEDEN.
<{ J 5
WVWTrWTrWT?-WTfWT?)t
Sheep Rataing.
Any farmer in the Eastern or Mid
dle States having a farm of one hun
dred aores in good fence can keep a
flock of fifty sheep and receive larger
profits than from any other investment
of the same amount, provided they
will care for them in the following
mauner, namely:
Have a sheltered pen, with plenty
of room, to protect them from the cold
and storms; have an out-yard where
they can be allowed to go in on nice,
sunshiny daye, in which throw corn
stalks, oat or wheat straw, if you have
plenty of it, for what the sheep do not
eat will make manure, so there will be
nothing lost. Also keep the sheltered
pen dry by throwing in straw as fast
as it is cut up in manure. Feed them
on clover hay. If you do not grow
any, buy it, for one ton of clover hay
is equal to two tons of any other for
sheep.
Try and have your lambs dropped
in January or February. Build a
small pen alongside of your sheep pen ;
cut a email hole so the lambs can get
in, but not large enough to admit the
sheep. Put troughs in the lambs' pen
anl feed them on ground feed. They
will soon find the hole and learn to
eat, and, if you have never tried it be
fore, you will be surjjrised how much
faster they will grow, and you will
also find that the butcher will buy
your lambs earlier, and pay a larger
price for ttiem than ho will for your
neighbor's, who does not observe the
above advice. Sheep are very profit
able, and every farmer should own
them. They are great renovators of
the soil, scattering manure evenly and
pressing it in, thus improving the
ground on which they feed.
The months of July and August are
the ones when sheep in many locali
ties are subject to a most aggravating
annoyance from a fly (oestrus bovis),
which seems bound to deposit its larvae
in the nostrils. It infects wooded dis
tricts and shady places, where the
sheep rosort for shelter, and by its
ceaseless attempts to enter the nose
makes the poor creature almost frantic.
If but one fly is in a flock they all be
come agitated and alarmed. They
will assemble in groups, holding their
heads close together and their noses
to the ground. As they hear the buzz
ing of the little pest going from one
to another, they will crowd their
muzzles into the loose dirt, made by
their stamping, to protect themselves,
and as the pest succeeds in entering
the nose of a victim, it will start on a
run, followed by the whole flock, to
find a retreat from its enemy, throw
ing its head from side to side, as if in
the greatest agony, while the oestrus,
having gained his lodging place, assid
uously deposits its larvae in the inner
margin of the nose. Here, aided by
warmth and moisture, the eggs quickly
hatch into a small maggot, which,
carrying out its instincts, begins to
crawl up into the nose through a
crooked opening in the bone. The
annoyance is fearful and maddening
as it works its way up into the head j
and cavities. The best known remedy j
is tar, in which is mixed a small .
amount of crude carbolic acid. If the ]
scent of the acid does not keep the fly (
away he gets entangled in the tar, j
which is kept soft by the heat of the I
animal. Any kind of tar or turpen
tine is useful for this purpose, and |
greatly promotes the comfort of the j
sheep, and prevents the ravages of the
bot in the head.
Profitable Milk Farming Near Cities.
In March, 1894,1 came from Florida,
where I had been engaged in school
teaching aud'orange raising. I leased
a farm near Boston and found myself
with two cows, one old horse ands3oo
in money. The first thing I did was
to buy furniture for the house. I then
bought cows enough to make ton giv
ing milk, paving down all the money
I had and going in debt for the re
mainder. I had nine good cows paid
for by May 1. I was making thirteen
and fourteen cans of milk daily, at
which time I rented a small farm of
twenty acres with buildings about one
mile from where I was living.
I planted five acres of this farm to
corn and two acres to oats and peas,
j using the remainder of the farm for
pasture. All the timo I kept adding
to my stock of cows, horses, imple
ments, etc., so that by January 1, 1890,
I had twenty cows, making thirty cans
of milk daily at thirty-three cents per
can, two fair horses, having early iu
the summer sold my old horse ror s'2o,
two wagons, a few implements and a
fairly furnished house nearly all paid
for, and hay and fodder enough on
hand and paid for sufficient to carry
my stock through the winter. How
did I get this feed? I got 'it in this
way. I was right in the heart of a
market garden region and very few of
the gardeners kept cows, so that there
was an abundance of stuff that they
were glad to give away, such as pea
vines, beau vines, weeds and grass,
small squashes, turnip tops, small cab
bages and cabbage leaves. I also
bought ten acres of standing sweet
corn for $5 per acre, after the ears had
been picked off. I was also during
this time feeding brewers' grains, to
gether with corn meal. These brewers'
grains I bought at an average price of
about three cents per bushel during
the summer and seven in winter.
By the first of April, 1896, I had
thirty cows and more milk being
needed on May 1 I bought ten more,
thus making forty cows, which number
I kept until the following May, when
I increased to fifty and through the
following summer and fall I kept in
creasing until at the beginning of win
ter I had eighty cows, which lam now
keeping and from which I have sold
from October 1 to February 28 over
S7OO worth of milk eaoh month at an
average price of thirty-two cents per
can of 8J quarts.
In the spring of 1897 I had 1{ acres
of winter wheat which I commenced
to cut on June 2. In order to see
what this would do I put up forty-two
cows, the number that I was then
milking, and fed them wholly on the
green wheat, letting them out of the
barn only long enough to get water.
From this U acres I obtained feed
enough to lsst six days and one feed
for all the cows the next morning. I
was better pleased with this for feed
than with any kind of green stuff I
have used. In addition to the eighty
cows I have seven good horses and all
the wagons, sleds, harnesses and all
the other necessary implements tc
successfully carry ou my business, be
sides having a well-furnished house
in which I board and lodge my six
hired men.—F. M. Chute, in the
Orange Judd Farmer.
Grasaes For Pastnres.
In growing grasses for pasturage
entirely different conditions arise from
those which exist where grasses are to
be grown for hay. A fresh vigorous
growth is needed throughout the en
tire season. This cannot be obtained
where one or two kinds are grown.
Some grasses start into growth muoh
earlier than others. Some will with
stand the effects of the heat of summer
and some will make a luxuriant growth
in autumn. A variety of forage is also
importaut for our herds during the
grazing season. What has been said
with regard to growing a number oi
kinds together, which will blossom in
side of a short period of time, does not
apply to the growth of grasses for pas
ture. Then, again, varieties which
are best adapted for meadows are
sometimes not well suited for pastures
because they will not withstand close
cropping nor the continuous tramping
of animals. Timothy, although one of
the best of our meadow grasses, is
amoug the poorest for use in pastures.
When closely fed down by animals, it
dies out and soon becomes replaced
by the finer varieties. Grasses which
will make a close turf, such as Ken
tucky blue grass and the fine red top,
are the best for use in pastures, and
should make up the greater part in
such mixtures. There is also a choice
in the clovers for pasture mixtures.
The common red clover will not long
endure close feeding by animals, but
the small white clover makes allorw r
mat-like growth, which is quite per
manent, and wliiqfc furnishes a most
nutritious From five to
eight pounds of the seed of this clover
should always be used when seeding
for pasturage.
One of tbe most common errors is
in allowing the hay crop to become
overripe. This not only reduces the
digestibility of the crop, but also great
ly lessens its palatability, a fact too
often overlooked in the feeding of
dairy stock. It would be economy, in
case a large amount of hay is to be
harvested, to cut part of it even before
the crop is fully grown, rather than to
allow any considerable portion of it to
become tough and woody by standing
until the seed is formed. Late cut
grass is not only less digestible and
less palatable than that cut while in
bloom, but also requires a large amount
of labor on the part of the animal to
make the food nutriments available,
The difference in favor of early cut is
thirteen per cent, for the protein, five
and a half per cent, for the fat, seven
per cent, for the nitrogen free extract
and eleven and a half per cent, for the
fibre. In other words, early cut grass
averages about ten per cent, more di
gestible matter than late cut.—New
England Homestead.
Kent Proportion of Fertilizer.
It has been demonstrated in Georgia
that the application of 468 pounds of
good phosphate, thirty-four of muriate
of potash and 386 of cottonseed meal
per acre gave better financial results
than any other proportions. Drilling
the fertilizer was more profitable than
applying broadcast.
Farm and fiarden Notes.
Barley meal is a very desirable
dairy food in every respect.
The amount of food consumed by
fattening animals is not necessarily ais
index of its economic use.
Feeding, watering and grooming reg
ularly [will aid materially in keeping
the horses in a good, thrifty condition.
Timothy hay, taKing price into con
sideration, is one of the most unpro
fitable rough feeds for fattening cattle.
Recent tests at the Georgia experi
ment station indicate that subsoiling
produces no appreciable effect upon
the crops.
Sorghum silage keeps well but
owing to the woody stems which it
usually contains it is not relished by
stock and is often found unprofitable.
Milk is the best food for all young
animals, but as the young animal that
is fed on milk grows rapidly -its de
mands for a larger quantity at each
meal increases.
Transplanting can only be success
fully performed ou well tilled ground.
The soil must be thoroughly and
deeply plowed and harrowed until all
the clods have disappeared.
Nut growing is profitable, but it re
quires years to bring a nut tree to a
stage of growth where it will pay well,
hence only young farmers are induced
to devote land in that direction.
Happy Chance.
"Your money or your life!" cried
the robber.
"Ha, ha!" laughed the artist, and
he drew a pistol.
The artist had no money, and ac
cording to the critics, not much life,
but that was not why he iaughed.
He laughed because he belonged to
the school which draws rapidly and
boldly, rather than the school which
draws laboriously, with great atten
tion to detail,"—Detroit Journal.