Hobson is a strict discipliuaiian.
It was only the other clay that ho gave
liie own ship a good blowing up.
Century riding is a cruel recreation
as indulged in on Sundays by many
clerks, bookkeepers and others who
stand at counters or desks six days of
the week, with scarcely any outdoor
exercise. They are in no sort of con
dition to ride one hundred miles at a
stretch, and the frequent results of
this sort of overdoing are insomnia,
staleuess and general unfitness for
work, physical or mental.
Kansas is a great wheat State, the
lending wheat State, notwithstanding
the prominence given California, the
Dakotas and Minnesota. Kansas led
all of the wheat growing States last
year, harvesting 51,020,604 bushels
for 1897. But the crop of the
present season will be greater by
many millions of bushels, barring
an unusual and unexpected calamity.
Indeed, the acreage is so great and
the crop so uniformly promising that
the chances are for the biggest wheat
yield in the history of the State, not
excepting the year 1892, when the
State measured seventy-four millions
of bushels.
Cnba is known to be by nature one
of the richest parts of the earth's
surface. Before the decline of the
sugar industry in the West Indies
many vast fortunes were extracted
from it by agricultural processes that
were very far from being thorough.
Even in the most prosperous days of
Cuba Spanish misgoverument pre
vented any real development of its
resources. The fortunes that were
realized were won by merely scratch
ing the surface. Every official was
a Spaniard, and no official, from the
Captain General down, had any ether
object than to acquire for himself the
largest fortune in the shortest time
and to take it back with him to the
peninsula.
Recently compiled statistics show
that the Russiau Empire possesses at
present 17,605 factories with an an
nual production valued at $938,000,-
000. In these factories there are em
ployed 949,044 workmen and 254,030
women and girls. The number of
steam engines is 10,525. The chief
centers of industry are Moscow, St-
Petersburg and Kieff. In the Gov
ernment of Moscow there are 2075
factories, with an annual production
valued at $184,600,090, employing
230,000 workmen. The Caucasaus
have 1199 factories, which employ 22,-
000 workmen, with an annual pro
duction valued at $23,300,000. Si
beria bas 609, the Turkestan district
359 factories, with an annual produc
tion valued at $10,600,000.
Going back some two hundred years,
says the Atlanta Constitution, wo find
that in 1700 there were barely more
than 7,000,000 people in bith hemis
pheres who spoke the English lan
guage, whereas at the present time
there are not less than 125,000,000-
Other languages in 1700 were much
more extensively in vogue than was the
English, hut for some reason they
tacked the agoucies of growth neces
sary to extend the area of their supre
macy and consequently the English
language soon eclipsed thou. While
there are 125,000,000 people at the
present time who speak tho English
language there are only 90,000,000
who speak the Russian, only 75,000,-
000 who speak tho German, only 55,-
000,000 who speak the French, only
45,000,000 who speak the Spanish and
only 35,000,000 who speak the Itulian.
Thus it appears that the English lan
guage is considerably in the lead of
its competitors.
It is many years since a book deal
ing with economical and social ques
tions has attracted so much attention
in France as the volume entitled "A
Quoi Tient la Superiorite des Anglo-
Saxons," by Edmoud Demolins, re
marks the New York Sun. The au
thor, who is the editor of the review
named La Science Sociale, begins by
pointing out the world-wide expansion
of the Anglo-Saxon race, and then un
dertakes to define the causes of its in
comparable fitness for colonization.
About the expansion there is, of
course, no doubt, even in the minds of
Frenchmen, weak as they are in geo
graphy. In North America the French
man has been supplanted by the An
glo-Saxon, and the same thing is true
of India, of Mauritius and of Egypt.
The Anglo-Saxon now oontrols the
New World by means of the United
States and Canada; Africa, by means
of Egypt and the Cape Colony; Asia,
by means of India and Burmah;
Oceanica, by means of Australia and
New Zealand; one may even say that
he controls Europe and the entire
world besides, by means of his manu
factures and his commerce.
TWO SOLDIERS. t
Ono man went forth to battle—
To meet the foe—
To brave the clash and rattle-
To hear the screams—
To see the streams
Of blood that were to flow
lie went to strive for glory.
To win a hero's praise-
To live in song and story.
And, honored, end his days.
<§ A BRAVE COWARD. It
@ ®
DY LIEUT. Wil. R. HAMILTON, V. S. A.
B®S#®®# W © ® ® ®® ®@
.— N _ T was the period
—N |1 when the first
/ . ca " *° arms
(b -..-v /|l gone forth—
rNffl Fort Sumter had
yC~ f fallen. State
after Stale se
• M ceded. The
, / President called
'j.U for volunteers,
( V Qj/n Its and every sec
tiou of the North
ySVijtlgenerously re
,UQ sponded to the
IJ\\ 4 cry. Among the
f] rj first to enlist for
yI iJ- n the war, was
t-- John Allen, who
lived with his
parents in a'small village in Central
New York,
He was an only child, and his father
a prosperous merchant. Filled with
an immense enthnsiasm, the young
fellow soon succeeded in filling with
his spirit enough young men of his
section to organize a company, of which
he was elected captain. Possessing a
slight knowledge of military tactics
and drill, he soon had his company in
such shape that when the national
capital was threatened, the company
was at once mustered into servioc and
ordered South. They went byway
of Harrisbnrg, where they received
their arms. To many of them the
gnus were strange, and they had but
slight knowledge of their use, when
the day after their receipt they were
ordered to join General Palmer's divis
ion then marching toward the next
day famous battle of Bull Run.
Thus hurried to the front without
rest or proper nourishment, with no
knowledge of their arms, it is no won
der that in the general panic that seized
their brigade, the company should
shave in the nameless fear like the rest
and hastily retreat. The young com
mander filled with mortification and
grief at the first engagement of his
comrades, and possessing himself a
cool head, tried his utmost to make
his men stand. With uplifted sword,
with entreaty and command, invoca
tion and curse, with pleadings and
blows, ho manfully tried to lead or
beat them back. But they would not
heed, and carried him with them in
| the crush to the rear.
| It was while thus engaged, that the
general officer commanding the brig
| ade, came up, and seeing ayouugcap
j tain going to the rear, halted for an
j instant—long enough to inquire the
j number of the company and regiment
and his name. The day after the re
treat, Allen wa3 placed under arrest,
and a few days later brought before a
summary court-martial, and tried for
cowardice in the face of the foe. It
was useless for him to protest, his
men would not testify in his behalf,
i for that would be owing to the fact of
j their cowardice, and Allen's explana
; tions were not listened to against the
! statement of the brigadier-general and
, his staff officers. So he fell a victim,
' as many others did in the early part
; of the war to the ambitious ignorance
of a general officer as unskillful and
nnnsed to war as himself. Ho was
dismissed from the service of the Uni
ted States and his name stricken from
the rolls.
The blow was an awful one, but to
a man of such noble and honorable
instincts as Allen, it was more than
terrible. At first the thought of his
disgrace |"so maddened him that he
would have taken his life, but there
was not a drop of coward's blood in
his nature, and after the first trans
ports of grief and despair were over,
he resolved not to go home, but to seek
some western State and there enlist
again, and if he could not rise, he at
least could die a brave man's death on
the field of battle. Should he rise, it
would be by wiping out the fearful
stigma, and until that was done the
old folks at home or his many friends
there, should not know of his where
abouts. So either a soldier's death at
once, or a name that would rise so high
that against its glorious brilliancy the
Bhadows that had so falsely clung to
him would be forever banished.
Of all famous troops in Sheridan's
cavalry command in the Army of Vir
ginia, there was Done that stood higher
or had a more brilliant record than the
troop of Captain Henry Pettis, of the
Third Brigade, of the Fifth Division.
Pettis himself, through the four years
of war, ha l had a wonderful record of
service. Enlisting as a private in an
Indiana cavalry regiment, he had suc
cessively risen through the grades of
corporal, sergeant and first-sergoant
of his troop, by brave aud heroio acts
on the battlefield, as well as by un
complaining and faithful duty in the
camp, on the march or on picket.
Wheu one of the company officers
had fallen at Chancellorsville, he was
promoted and commanded the troop
as a second lieutenant through the bat
tle and the following campaign. And
later, at Cedar Creek, it was Sheridan
himself, who noting the wondronß
bravery of the man and his untiring
energy, promoted him a captain and
assigned him a few days later to his
own troop—the one with which he had
von so many laurels.
Another went to battle,
And strove in many a ffgbt—
lie braved tbeclash and rattle,
But only fongbt
Because he thought
Ilis side was in the right—
That man won lasting glory.
His name stands out alone-
He lives in song and story—
The other died unknown.
His men worshiped him, for there
was no danger too great for him, no
hardship or trial of which he did not
bear the hardest part, and yet with
them he was always the quiet, straight
forward, and courteous gentleman,
though shy and reserved. Time after
time had he been complimented in gen
eral orders, andthe fiery Sheridan sent
for him after the enemy was in full
rout at Winchester, and there in the
presence of his stall' and many assem
bled officers, thanked him, and after
ward sent his name up for promotion
to a majority.
Iu the little lull preceding the fa
mous raid around Dinwiddie Court
House Sheridan had a number of re
cruits sent down to his army, and
seven of these were assigned to Pet
tis's troop C, of the —tli Regiment,
Indiana volunteer cavalry. Among
these seven was one man whom the
first sergeant had occasion to reprove
several times the first week for gross
carelessness and even worse. Finding
this of no use, he reported the man,
whose name was Cook, to the captain.
Pettis mildly rebuked and sent him
back, thinking that sufficient, but he
did not notice the gleam of cunning
recognition in Cook's eyes as he slunk
away.
The next day the sergeant brought
him again before the captain on the
charge of maltreating hisJhorse. This
was too much, and Captain Pettis or
dered him confined iu the guard tents
and sentenced to do extra police work.
After three days' of punishment he
was released, and for a time was well
behaved, but it was noticed that he
was exceedingly curious regarding his
captain. He asked many questions as
to where he bad come from, when he
had first joined, his various engage
ments and victories, and made, every
now and then, slighting allusions to
the effect that he might tell some
thing—if lie was disposed—to the
captain's discredit. The men paid no
attention to this the first time it was
remarked, but on his repeating the
offense, they warned him, in tones not
to be misunderstood, that his life was
not worth a pinch of earth if he re
peated it.
He tlien behaved himself well, till
tlio regiment was ordered with the en
tire corps again iu the field. The
day before starting, toward even
ing, the first sergeant reported that
Cook was missing, and also his horse
aud equipments. The manner in
which he had left made it certain that
he had deserted. Hut the next day
he was brought iuto the lines, having
been captured by the provost guard.
Ho was taken to Captain Pettis's tent
for examination, aud on being told of
his great crime, he turned angrily on
his captain and said: "You had bet
ter look to yourself, Captain Pettis, as
you are called. I know when you
went under another name. If I am
treated fair, I'll say nothing, but if
not, then I'll drive you out of the
army."
"What do you mean, COOK? DO
not ail J to your crime by insolence to
your superior officer. Had you done
your duty, you would not bo in this
trouble, and your best course now is
to answer the questions put to you,
truthfully and quietly."
He then dismissed him, bnt the
man's remark preyed on him, till the
next day when he became busy again
in chasing up the Confederates on the
last great rounding up movement.
The series of fighting marches and
resulting victories which daily ensued
drove everything else out of his mind,
aud as Cook had been left behind for
trial the incident regarding him was
forgotten for the time being.
The surrender of Appomattox fol
lowed, and brought with it the sure
prospect of peace, and officers aud sol
diers alike were looking forward
eagerly to the time when their ser
vices would be no longer needed,
when ono day the colonel commanding
the regiment sent for I'ettis, aud on
the latter's reaching the tent he said
to him:
"Captain, did you not have a man
in that last batch of recruits named
Cook, who deserted just before we
started out around Dinwiddie?"
sir; but he was recaptured
and left at S for trial," replied
Pettis.
"Well, the scoundrel, in order to
save his hide, has written a very seri
ous letter against you. In fact he
wrote to me before we started out on
this last trip, but I paid no attention
to it, knowing it was but a lie. But
when he came up before his court for
trial, he made charges against you
which took the form of a letter written
to the Secretary of War. The letter
has been referred here, through mili
tary channels, aud I am ordered to in
: vestigate it and report. Now you
read it aud then, as I know the thing
is an outrageous lie, you needn't
answer mo at all, but leave it here on
my desk. No, don't say a word. Good
by for a few minutes," and the kind
hearted and brave warrior left the tent
alone .to Pettis.
With a sinking heart the joung cap
tain took the letter, and as he feared
it was there stated by the writer—
Cook—that be recognized in Pettis the
same Captain John Allen, who nearly
four years before had been dismissed
from the army on the charge of
cowardice. At last the fear that had
smouldered so long had broken out.
The honors and duties thrust upon
him by arduous service had driven it
out of his mind for a time, but it now
came back with a tenfold strength.
All his splendid record, his daring
and courage, his eudurance and duty
performed in the face of dangers and
trials that many other brave men
shrank from, were as nothing in the
face of this old stigma. To be sure,
his colonel had told him to leave the
letter on the desk, paying no atten
tion to it, and he—the colonel—would
state over his signature that it was a
lie. But would not that be making
him a shareholder in his crime? The
chauce was open to him to escape
obloquy and not only the honors now
possessed but the much greater ones
in store for him would be his forever.
The temptation was V>o strong upon
him. He knew he was no ooward —
all his comrades during four years
knew it. Why then should a mistake,
a horrible stigma that was undeserved
cling to him?
While thus pondering, the colonel
entered, and going up to him, looking
him square in the eyes, aud holding
his hand said: "Now, not a word,
Pettis. We know what the letter con
tains, and, also, that notwithstanding
any facts the writer of it may have,
that he is a rascal, and you have tbe
record of being the bravest aud best
captain in this corps, and any man that
dares gainsay that, w 11 have to an
swer to rae personally for it. It is all
right, old man, and I underjtand that
you are slated for a colonelcy yourself
aud will get your regiment in a few
days," and shaking Pettis heartily, he
tried to half shove him out of the tent,
that he might indorse the letter as a
lie. But the honor of a man, saus
peur et sans reproache would not per
mit Pettis to allow his generous col
onel to write a lie. All the best in
stincts of his nature rose at once and
turning quickly, he said with pale face
and blazing eyes:
"But, heavens, colonel, the letter is
true! I was tried and dismissed for
cowardice. I am not a coward, you
know, but I was tried as such, and I
have no right to my present place.
With eyes blazing as though in the
thickest struggle of the battlefield,
and with form trembling with anger,
the colonel said in stern, set tones:
"Harry Pettis, I say again, that any
man who says that you are a coward,
who says that you are anything but
the bravest ami best captain in this
regiment, lies like a fiend and will
have to answer tome personally for it.
Don't I know you, boy? iHave I not
seen you go iuto the bloody angle at
Spottsylvania, with 300 men and
come back with forty? Have X not
seen yon restore to our men the vic
tory that was passing from us, simply
by your magnificent daring and cour
age and the animation and spirit you
gave men who believed you more a
god than a man? Don't I know that
were you to go from us, half our
strength would go? Why, ten thou
sand times would I rather lose my
right arm, ay, my life itself, than have
you taken away from this army, that
not only knows you, but those boys
out there, those babies of yours, who
are such terrors in battle, who worship
you. No, a thousand times no, sir, I say
the thing is an infamous lie, aud I wiil
not believe it!" Excited beyond him
self, the colonel strode up and down
his tent, shaking with nu anger that
only strong men, used to controlling
their most violent feelings on the bat
tlefield, ever can give vent to.
Poor Pettis took his colonel's hand,
aud as the tears silently rolled down
his cheeks, ho told him the entire
story, ft was some time ere the col
onel could recover his composure suf
ficiently to listen and judge impns
sionately, but when he had learned
every particular of Pettis' or Allen's
life, he shook his hands and told him
to go back to his tent, and rest as
sured that he would have the stigma
removed. As Pettis went out he sat
dowu aud wrote a long indorsement,
stating all the facts connected with the
former service, and then the splendid
record of Pettis in his present one.
He was not content with merely send
ing this, but himself took it to the
brigade commander, aud had a long
talk with him. The result was that
the indorsement was strengthened by
a stronger one from the brigade com
mander, then another by the division
commander, aud when it reached the
glorious young Custer—a major gen
eral in command of the corps—ho in
dorsed it and took it to Sheridan who
did the same, nailing the coward
statement a lie, and recommending
Pettis for a colonelcy,
A few weeks more had passed by,
aud then came the surrender of Ap
pomattox. During the days of ex
treme toil and danger preceding,
Pettis had risen to the commaud of
a battalion, and was a full major. His
former daring had been eclipsed by
the phenomenal trials and scenes he
had passed through. It did seem as
though he possessed a charmed life,
and that Death was unable to reach
him. Wounded slightly, more than
once, he was never incapacitated from
command. It was well known that he
had not only been recommended for a
colonelcy, but a brigadier generalcy.
More than once he had saved disas
ter to his brigade by his own unaided
work.
It was in these early spring days,
when the balmy air and opening buds
gave promise of the coming of peace,
and when men so lately antagonized
now seemed to fraternize with each
other, that the dreaded blow came,
and with the most dramatio incident
of the war.
One afternoon, a spectator of the
Union lines wonld have seen a long
line of men, an entire brigade of cav
airy turned out as though fo* a *©-
view. Soon, general officers appeared,
and then from one of the regiments
an adjutant stepped forth. A moment
afterward, an officer, a major—Pettis
appeared, dismounted, with an
officer on either side of him. He had
no sword with him. On his appear
ance, the adjutant read a long com
munication from the secretary of war
—the stern, and merciless Stanton--
whose mind once made up, whether
right or wrong, was never known to
change, and on whom no recommen
dations for mercy ever made an im
pression, however worthy the object.
The order stated that Captain John
Allen, of the th Regiment of New
York Volunteer Infantry, having been
dismissed the service of the united
States for cowardice,and incapacitated
from ever holding office again in United
States service, and having enlisted in
the th Indiaiia Cavalry Volunteer
Regiment, was dismissed the service.
His name was to be stricken from the
rolls, and in tbe presence of his bri
gade bis buttons and shoulder straps
were to be taken off, and he then be
drummed out from the Union lines to
the tune of the Rogue's March.
Au awful sentence for a brave and
innocent man. The men, on hearing it
read, did not quite understand, and
they listened and watched in breathless
silence. But when the colonel of the
regiment, with his own hands, cut the
buttons and shoulder straps from the
condemned man's uniform,and instead
of throwing them on the ground grind
ing them in the dirt, carefully gave to
each officer of Pettis' Regiment one as
a keepsake, took one himself and gave
one to the brigade commander, and as
each officer received his and kissed it
and rolled it carefully in paper and
placed it iu his pocket, it was more
thau human nature could stand and a
series of sobs aud mighty groans went
up along the entire lines. Their favor
ite, a coward! What then must they
be? Was this the way the country re
j warded honorable and dangerous ser
vice in its behalf?
They could not understand,and when
next moment the brigade commander
rode up and then came the division
commander and the young and fearlesa
Custer,aud dismounting they took Pet
tis' hands aud then kissed him, while
tears rolled down mauy a cheek—they
could no longer be restrained,but with
one simultaneous movement, broke
ranks and with cries and sobs crowded
around the poor major, demanding to
go with him. If he was to leave then
they would go also.
The drums and fifes struck up the
Rogue's March,but it was not to march
time, but to the slow solemn move
ment of a dead march. And more like
a mighty triumph than a condemned
criminal, the disgraced man left the
camp, with Custer, holding his right
arm and the colonel his left, and fol
lowed by a train of officers and all the
men of the brigade. When the boat
was reached ou the river's edge and
officers and men could go no further
Custer again told him to bo of good
cheer and he would yet be righted.
Pettis, or Allen, left the camp,
never to return. Representations of
the strongest character, indorsed by
Custer, the peerless Sheridan and
finally by the mighty Grant himself,
were sent, forward, but they were de
layed so long iu the war office that
they did not reach the executive man
sion till after Lincoln's assassination.
And then came the hurry and bustle
of reconstruction and the great war
secretary who soon afterward felt the
great remorse of heartless notions,
was relieved from office. Officers of
volunteers were mustered out of ser
vice and the great leaders of the war
went to different spheres.
A disgraced man with no recom
mendations from his war service, for
gotten by the greater men, and lost
sight of by the comrades of the battle
field, Allen went to his home dis
guised, aud stayed there but a few
days. His father had died of shame
over his beloved boy, in tho middle
days of war, aud his old mother, al
though still believing in him, had
given him up for dead. His story
was to her a blessed reward for all the
days of watching and belief in his
honor. But years went by, aud she
was laid to rest by th-side of her hus
band.
Allen is still living and is honored
in civic capacities in which he has
served. He lives out in a western
State, where, under au assu ned name,
he has won honor and is now winning
wealth. He is surrounded by a lov
ing, beautiful wife aud happy, health
ful children, evory one of whomkuows
his story,aud is resolved that his aud
their name—their rightful name—
shall bo vindicated, aud the blot for
ever removed from their father's rec
ord. His life is so full of rest and
happiness iu his work and friends and
especially his beloved family, that he
is content to forget the past and to
look forward with anticipation to* the
future, while he enjoys the happiness
of the present.—The Owl.
No More Burnt Fingers.
Inventive genius has come to the
aid of the millions of people who have
been burning their fingers by holding
on too long to blazing matches. Upon
the market has beau placed a braud of
matches with the reverse end satur
ated for a distance of half au inch with
a chemical compound, pink in color,
and impervious to fire. When the
blaze reaches the chemically treated
wood it goe3 out, leaving the fingers
unscorched. A Swedish inventor is
the originator of the improvement.—
Trade Review.
Tho Most Beautiful Gardens.
The finest gardens in the world are
the royal gardens at Kew, England.
They cover an area of about 270 acres,
and are visited by about 1,500,000 per
sons a year. The gardens contain the
finest collection of exotic plants in the
world, a palm house, a winter.garden,
a museum, an observatory and a school
for gardeners.
I NAVAL OFFICERS' TOGS.
THEIR UNIFORMS ARE CORCEOUS AND
.CAUSE THEM CREAT SOLICITUDE.
Tim Richest Swell Is Not a Whit More
Particular About His Suits Than Is an
Piii e n In the Navy—An Admiral's Full
Dress Outllt Costs S7S.
"When Commodore Dewey stood on
the bridge ot the flagship Olympia,
•during the memorable engagement at
Manila, be wore what is known in the
navy as the "service" coat. This is a
coat of dark navy blue cloth or serge,
shaped to the figure, to descend to top
of iusearn of trousers. There is a slit
over each hip extending on the right
Bide as high as the sword belt. It
was single-breasted, with fly front,
fitted with plaiu flat gutta percha but
tons, and a standing collar. The col
lar edges of the coat were trimmed
with lustrous black mohair braid, one
and a quarter inches wide, laid on flat.
Besides this at a distance of one
eighth of au inch was shown n narrow
black silk braid one-eighth of an inch
wide, with au overhand turn three
eighths of au inch in diameter. It is
needless to state that the lady readers
will understand this much better than
the male ones. The coat was worn
closely buttoned.
Commodore Dewey wore a pair of
trouiers with a stripe of gold lace
down their outer seam one inch in
width. The Commodore's rank was
shown by his shoulder straps, collar
devices, and braid on the sleeves.
Being a Commodore, he had a silver
star and a silver foul anchor on each
side of the collar. On the sleeve was
a two-inch broad braid with gold star
above. On his hea l the hero of Ma
nila had a new style broad-top cap
with gold strap and gold ornaments,
consisting of auchors, silver shield
with eagle above. The visor was
trimmed with gold oak leaves.
Last December, Commodore, then
Captain, Dewey weut to his tailor in
Washington to have his clothes re
trimmed, for his promotiou in rank,
as far as possible. He was forced to
buy a full-dress coat and a frock coat
for his rank of Commodore and also a
cap. The latter cost §ls.
No swell vitk au income of from
SIO,UOO to $50,000 a year, is a whit
more particular iu regard to the selec
tion of his suits than au ensign iu the
navy. The chances aie he has more
of them, but they arc of no better
quality aud cost uo more each thau do
those of a naval officer. One of the
first things that a naval cadet is
taught is to keep his uuiforms iu good
condition. He must have a number
of them for special occasions. The
regulatious of the navy are most strict
aud exacting in regard to the dress of
its officers. It takes most of a young
officer's salary to keep himself looking
as his superior officer thinks he should
appear.
Naval officers are fifty per cent,
more particular about the making of
their uniforms than those of the army.
The reason is plain. Naval officers
are continually cruising about the
world and may enter a foreign port at
any time. In order to uphold the
honor of the country which they rep
resent they must be fitly attired, and
according to the regulations, which
fill a good-sized pamphlet, laid down
by the department, he must have at
least four or five different coats, such
as the special full dress, full dress,
social full dress, frock, service dress,
besides caps, chapeaux, helmets,
gloves, boots and shoes of the best
quality of special designs.
When the gunboat Helena was in
Washington several mouths ago it was
explained to visitors that there was
no ship in the navy that was better
fitted for the accommodation of its
officers. After everything had been
pointed out, the young officers would
point trith pride to the chests under
neath the bunks provided for the uni
forms, so that no possible damage
conl l result to them. Electric fays,
stationary wasbstauds, and other con
veniences were ull well enough. But
it was really the clothes chests which
caught the fancy of the officers most.
When the United States naval of
ficers lost their belongings in the
terrible storm at Samoa several years
ago, a bill was introduced to reim
bure them. Estimates were asked
from tailors for the cobt of an officer's
outfit. It was figured ont that that of
a Lieutenant could he taken as the
basis, aud the amount could be de
creased or increased, according to
rauk. The wearing apparel of a Lieu
tenant was figured at 813(35, that of an
Ensign was fixed r.t about #?050. aud
the llear Admiral';, at about S2OOO.
There is a tailor in Washington
who has been supplying the uuiforms
for naval officers for nearly fifty years.
When Captain Dewey was promoted
to Commodore and left for the Asiatic
station in December he went to this
tailor, who has been fitting him out
ever since he has been in the navy.
"I want everything exaotly accord
ing to regulations," Dewey told tho
man of the goose and shears. "Fix
it up as quick as you cau. But above
all bo careful that you make uo mis
take in regard to the regulations. If
I hadn't been promoted I should not
have had the trouble of comiug to see
you aud spending some more money."
The tailor in question said that Ad
miral Porter, while pretending not to
he so, was a most particular man in
regard to his dress. It would have to
fit him exactly. When he became
Admiral, at the death of Admiral Far
ragut, he had au entire full-dress out
fit made. This cost, including the
cliapeau, $7(35. The chapeau aud
coat bad oak leaves ou them. His
trousers were gold laced, and his gold
sword belt was worked in oak leaves.
His epaulets alone cost $175.
"He was a great mau for a joke,
Admiral Porter was," Baid the tailor,
who was close to him when the Ad
miral lived in Washington. "He sent
for we one day to see abont some
clothes and told me that ho would
make a bargain with me. This was
that I should take his coat and ex
change it for that of the first midship
i/au who came into my place. He
faid he knew he would get the best of
the bargain.
"I was at the house one day, wait
ing to take his order, when the card
of a representative of a magazine
which wished to publish an article
giving his views on some naval ques
tion was seut up. I was in the room
with the Admiral when the magazine
man was admitted. He told the Ad
miral what he wanted, aud asked him
when he could do it. Admiral Porter
thought for a while, and then re
marked that he knew of someone who
was more competent to write on the
subject thau himself. The questioner
was then told that if be would wait a
few weeks—it was May at the time—
the cadets would graduate at the Naval
Academy, and any 'middy' was more
competent to treat the subject, or so
considered himself."
SANTIAGO'S CAPTURE IN 1662.
English and Americans Under Lord Win
■or Did the Trick Effectively.
It was Diego Velasquez who founded
Santiago in Cuba iu 1515, thus making
it the oldest town on the island. For
a long time Santiago was the capital
| and the headquarters of the various
murderous expeditious of the Spanish
| against the mainland. Cortezmade it
: bis rendezvous during his conquest of
Mexico. De Soto started from San
] tiago in 1528 on his first expedition of
] exploration. By the middle of the
century the place had grown to bo
rich and important. There was all
kinds of wealth there, the accumula
tion, doubtless, of tile plunder taken
from the defenceless Aztecs and the
couutless other victims of Spanish lust
and avarice.
In 1553, 400 French lauded in the
harbor and didn't have much trouble
iu capturing the city, not half so much
trouble as Sampson and Schley aro
having now. This handful of French
held the town till n rausom of some
SBO,OOO was paid. After this there
were frequent attacks by the numerous
bands of buccaneers ami pirates that
infested the seas of that time.
But the real attack, aud the one that
has chief interest for Americans of to
day, was iu 1002, just 100 years beforo
Havana was captured by the Ameri
cans and English, when Lord Winsor,
with fifteen vessels and less than 1000
men, English and Americans, suc
ceeded without much opposition in
effecting a lauding at Aquadores, the
very same town where Sampson was
said to have landed men to effect a
junction with the insurgents of to-day.
These 1000 men walked all the way
from the sea to the city, and after a
little brush with the inefficient force
of Spanish seut to oppose them, wiped
them off'the face of the earth aud took
possession of the town.
It is not exactly known why Lord
Winsor attacked Santiago rather than
Havana, unless it was that he thought
i'. richer and easier. The English
were disappointed sorely to find that
the inhabitants, iu leaving for other
parts, had either hidden or takeii all
valuables with them, so there wasn't
enough plunder to go around. The
invaders, however, confiscated all tho
silver church bells and the gnus from
the ffii I, and, as if just to show their
spite, blew up the Morro Castle aud
destroyed the cathedral. Tho Morro
war rebuilt in 10(33, aud remains to
this day—or rather till iho other day,
when Yankee guns once more battered
it. Philip I. wa3 King of Spain at
tho time, and he was angry that the
English should be so rough with his
belongings. It always has been part
of the Spanish nature to get angry
about little things aud rave in help
less rage.
In 1702 the English took Havana,
and Santiago for a while was left out
of consideration, but not for long. In
1700 along came an earthquake, wreck
ing kulf the city uiil putting 100 peo
ple out of the uiirery of being Spanish
subjects. Since that time the town
has lived a pretty eveu existence up
to the present time. Looking back
ward, we see that a full 100 years
elapsed between the capture of San
tiago and the capture of Havana.—
New York Sun.
Mr. Gladstone's Estate.
Writing in the London Daily Tele
graph, the Hon. F. Lawley states
that after Sic John Gladstone's death
the involved condition of Sir Stephen
Glyune's nffairs, consequent upon tho
mismanagement of the Iluwnrdeu
estate by an over-sauguine agent, was
disclosed for the first time. With
characteristic energy' and prudence,
Mr. Gladstone came to his brother-in
law's rescue, and enabled him to re
main permanently in the beautiful
Welsh home to which both were so
passionately attached. The sum then
advanced by Mr. Gladstone to save tho
Hawardon estate amounted, it is said,
to $250,000, and two of the farms be
came Mr. Gladstone's properly. At
no time during his long residence at
Hawarden did Mr. Gladstone's unof
ficial income exceed $25,000 a year.
Such, however, was the thrift and sa
gacity with which the Hawarden es
tate was managed, that the eldest sou
of Mr. William Henry Gladstone,born
in 1885, will, it is believed, sncceed
to 850,000-a year on attaining his ma
jority.
Why Swimmer. Drown.
The sudden drowning of a good
swimmer is not due to a cramp, as
generally supposed. There is no
reason, cays a high medical authority,
why cramp iu a leg should prevent an
ordinary swimmer supporting himself
in tho watec by his hands or on his
back, or cause him to throw up his
hands and sink once for all like a
stone. The explanation is that the
drum of the ear is perforated, and the
pressure of water causes vertigo aud
unconsciousness.