FREELAND TRIBUNE.
PUBLISHED EVERY
MONDAY AND THURSDAY.
THOS. A. BUCKLEY,
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.
OFFICE: MAIN STREET ABOVE CENTRE.
SU BSC RIPTION* RATES:
One Year $1 50
Six Months 75
Four Months 50
Two Months 25
Subscribers are requested to observe the
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Grover Cleveland 28June00
means that Grover is paid up to June 28,1800.
Keep the figures in advance of the present
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FREELAND, PA., AUGUST 15, 1895.
Work Demanded.
From the Wilkesbarre Leader.
The Democratic party in Luzerne has
certainly great cause to feel elated.
Not for many years have the prospects
for complete victory this fall been so
bright as they are now. The work done
by the Republicans in their late
county convention was terribly disap
pointing to the Republican leaders.
The smashing of the slate left them all
at sea. They had arranged for a cam- |
paign on very different lines from those '
they were, forced to adopt by the action
of the delegates. Not yet have they re
covered from the unexpected surprise
that sent the cold chills down their
backs. It has been found necessary to
make a complete change in the plans of
battle, and this is always a hard and
thankless task.
A ticket whose candidates all dwell
within the sound of the bells of Wilkes
barre, and almost within the shadow of
its steeples, is not calculated to arouse
much sympathy in the districts lying at
a distance, especially when those dis
tricts asked for recognition in tins con
vention. What sort of popular interest
can be expected to manifest itself for a
ticket made up almost exclusively of
candidates who would be citizens of the
greater Wilkesbarre, could the dreams
of a good many materialize?
This question is a significant one, and
one that the Republican managers are
asking each other. Surely when such
conditions face them they cannot be
other than cast down. There is no en
couragement to labor, no hope that any
thing they may do will arouse that en
thusiam which must exist in order to
bring the voters to the polls.
While all this is true, Democrats
should not be lulled to repose under the
promises of an easy victory. This is to
be a long campaign, and here at the be
ginning is the time to impress upon the
Democratic mind the fact that without
earnest effort and continued zeal the
battle may be lost. It is not well to
Imagine that because the Republican
ticket is weak and not what it might be
the Democrats are to have a walkover.
They will have no such thing if the vot
ers Hatter themselves that there is 110
occasion to light and tight hard. Many
a victory has been lost by over confi
dence. Many a general has been beaten
because he believed that it wasn't neces
sary to oppose the enemy with a mighty
army.
From now until the polls close on the
fifth day of November next, the Demo
crats must not relax one iota in their ef
forts to make the triumph one that shall
send consternation in the ranks of the op
position. If all do this then indeed may
we expect to rout the enemy, horse, foot
and dragoons. Without tireless and
persistent preparation the Democrats
may lose. A word to the wise ought to
be sufficient.
Deafncfm Cannot l>e Cured
by local applications, as they cannot
reach the diseased portion of the ear.
There is only one way to cure deafness,
and that is by constitutional remedies.
Deafness is caused by an inflamed con
dition of the mucous lining of the
eustachian tube. When this tube gets
inflamed vou have a rumbling sound or
imperfect hearing, and when it is entire
ly closed deafness is the result, and un
less the inflaination can be taken out
nd tbis tube restored to its normal con
dition, hearing will be destroyed for
ever; nine cases out of ten are caused by
catarrah, which is nothing but an in
flamed condition of the mucous surfaces.
We will give One Hundred Dollars for
any case of deafness (caused by catarrh)
that cannot be cured by Hall's Catarrh
Cure. Rend for circulars, free.
F. J. CHENEY & CO., Toledo, 0.
GTSold by druggists, 75c.
About Situation!*.
Never during our many years experi
ence, have the graduates of Palms Col
lege been as successful in securing
situations as this spring. Considering
the dull times, this is a remarkable state
ment. The principal reason why we do
more in this connectionthan other schools
is because our students are of a superior
class, and better qualified. Business
men are aware of this fact, and that's
why they come to us when in need of
book-keepers ami office assistants. If
you want to know all about a good school,
write for circulars of Palms Business
College, 1710 Chestnut street, Philadel
phia.
When Baby was sick, w© gave her Castoria."
When she was a Child, she cried for Castoria.
When she became Miss, she clung to Castoria.
When she had Children, she gave them Castoria
Refowich sells the best 81.r0 and §2
children's suits to be had anywhere.
Knee pants, 10c, at Refowich's.
ATTACKS ON MISSIONS
Details of the Outrages Re
ceived in Washington.
Officials Aided in the Bloody and
Destructive Work—Even the Pav
ing Stones Removed IVom One
Mission House—A Viceroy's Plan
To Seek ltcvenge for His Removal.
Washington, Aug. 10.—Acting Secre
tary Adee lias received from United
States Consul-General Jamigan at
Shanghai a dispatch, dated July 12, en
closing four letters received by him
from missiouaries giving in great detail
accounts of the events iu China leading
up to the riots against the missionaries
at Chengtu in the province of Szechuen
One of these from Spencer Lenir, ver.
comprehensive in scope, dated Chung,
king, China, says that the West China
missions of the Methodist Episcopal
church is tho only American mission
represented at Chengtu. The Ameri
cans there were the Rev. Olin Cady and
wife, H. L. Canwriglit, M. D., and wife
and two children, and Rev. J. F. Peat
and wife and two children. This mis
sion owned but one piece of property in
Chengtu on which was a Chinese build
ing fitted for the residence of two fami
lies, .a Chinese building used as a chapel,
a dispensary and minor structures
Mr. Leuir says that substantially all
these are gone, even the paving stones
being carried out of the courts. The
total loss, exclusive of personal losses, is
about 6,000 taels. The American Baptist
Missionary union had stations at Sui-Fu,
Kiating and Yacheo. Tho missions and
personal property in Kiating and Yacheo
arc probably all lost, though particulars
had not been received by Mr. Lenir when
his letter was written. At Sui-Fu the
Americans owned a great deal of prop
erty, but not much damage was done
to it.
Mr. Lenir describes the various at
tacks made on the missions at Chengtu,
the particulars of which have beeu
nrintod in the American . newspapers.
In the attack on the premises of the Ca
nadian Methodist mission, the two
physicians in charge of the hospital and
chapel which were afterwards looted
and burned, kept the mob at bay, but
the officials would give no assistance,
although several of them were quite
near. Late that evening. May 28th,
the members of the American Metho
dist mission sought refuge in the dis
trict magistrate's yamen, but were re
fused and told they would l>e protected
if they returned home. Relying on this
promise, they were entirely unprepared
for the mob which soon visited them
and had barely time to escape. Opera
tions were renewed by tho mob at day
break next day and before noon the at
tack was general on all the Catholic and
Protestant mission places.
The American Methodists from their
hiding plaices in an attic only six feet
away watched the mob for twelve hours
plundering their houses. Some of the
10,900 soldiers of the province assisted
in the looting and dug up a numlwjr of
bones which they took to the district
magistrate's yamen representing them
to be tho bones of babies which the for
eigners had eaten. The viceroy, says
Mr. Lenir, and consequently all lower
officials, were simultaneously suffering
from a severe attack of indisposition.
He makes serious charges against the
viceroy, Cheo Taoti, claiming that as he
had been degraded and was soon to be
recalled he was bent on giving a parting
hit both at the foreigners, whom he
hated, and the government.
When the flames burst forth from the
Roman Catholic bishop's residence,
scarcely a stone's throw from tho vice
roy's yamen, the viceroy remarked, ac
cording to Mr. Lenir, that this was a
matter for his successor to attend to,
and lie states that only after everything
was quite destroyed did the viceroy
make an effort to restore order, in the
meantime having sent out telegrams
that a mutilated child had been found
at a foreign place, with a result that
nearly all tho natives lielioved tho story.
Mr. Lenir scores tho viceroy severely
and demands the punishment of hostile
officials. Ho enclosed copies of tho in
llamatory placards that were posted
everywhere charging that the foreigners
were kidnapping children and using oil
from their todies.
George W. Hill of the American
Baptist Missionary union at Yachan
tells of tho flight of himself and party
from that place and of an attempt to
mob them while proceeding down a
river in a boat. He was unable to tell
at the time the letter was written,
whether or not the Baptist mission prop
erty at Yachan had been destroyed, but
he learned before leaving there that all
t he stations on the Chengtu and Yachan
roads. Catholic and protestant, had been
looted, and there had also been riots at
Hung Ya Kiating, Sui-Fu, Li C'hinang
and other places where the missions
were attacked. Mr. Hill praises the
action of the Chinese officials in giving
them every protection at Yachan.
The Stakeholder Disappeared.
Joledo, ()., Aug. 10.—A couple of
hundred local sports drove to the Michi
gan state lines at an early morning hour
to witness a proposed finish fight be
tween "Kid" Murphy of Philadelphia
and Dm Bailey of Sioux Falls, S. D.,
for a purse of S3OO. The principals
were on the scene but tho stakeholder
disappeared with tho money. There
was no fight.
Rig Suit Mettled.
Duluth, Minn., Aug. 10.—It is learn
ed from sources that are thoroughly
authentic that the Rockefeller corpora
tion has quietly settled with William
McKinley for $198,744, the suit of Mc-
Kinley against the Lake Siqierior Con
solidated Iron Mines, for $600,000.
Now Rank Authorized.
Washington, Aug. 10.—Tho applica
tion of T. Ellwood Carpenter and asso
ciates for authority to organize the
Mount Kisco (N. Y.) National bank
has been approved by the comptroller of
the currency.
Dunravcn To Sail Aug. 21.
London, Aug. 10.—Lord Dunraven,
owner of America's cup challenger, Val
kyrie 111., will sail for New York on
Aug. 21. on the White Star line steam
er Teutonick.
Monterey al San Diego.
Washington, Aug. 10.—The coast de
fense vessel Monterey reached San Diegc
yesterday from Acapulco.
NO BLOOD WILL BE SHED.
The Proposed Bull Fights at Atlanta
Will Be Tame Exhibitions.
Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 10.—In relation to
the bull fights which are to be a feature
of the exposition, President Collins
made a statement last night in which he
said: "In the first place the bull fight is
not an exhibit, but a part of the mid
way. The performance will take place
within an enclosure, and it will only be
seen by those who care to pay for the
privilege. I have received letters from
persons exercised over this subject and
in which the correspondents labored
under the impression that the bulls were
to be killed and horses disembowled. I
wish to assure the public that not a drop
of blood will be shed. Such a represen
tation of a bull fight is not an experi
ment. The thing has been done before
and is now being done successfully in
Mexico. It was done in Paris during
the last exposition there, and gentlemen
in this and other cities are witnesses of
the fact that the performance was harm
less and devoid of cruelty."
NEGRO MUST DIE ANYWAY.
Although Dying He May Be Lynched
To Kill 111 in More Quickly.
Washington, Aug. 10.—A suggestive
indication of the promptness of one form
of Virginia justice was furnished in
a {message delivered to Frank Til
ford, a lumber dealer of this city, from
Berryville. As Tilford was about
to take the early train at that
lH>int for Washington Monday morning
last a gang of negroes assailed him at
the station and demanded his watch.
Having a revolver in his hand in the
right hand coat pocket, he fired
through the coat at his foremost assail
ant. The whole gang ran, and ono fell
on the other side of a fence. The mes
sage received yesterday was that the
fellow had been caught, and asking Mr
Tilford to come up and identify him.
"lie is shot in the stomaca," said the
message, "and may die, but if you come i
up and identify him we think we can
lynch him before he dies."
HOW HE KILLED THEM.
A Secret Cut-off in a Gas-pipe Found
In Holmes' Castle.
Chicago, Aug. 10.—The pick of a I
workman in the Holmes castle uncov- j
ered a construction which carries sug
gestions of the conspirator's work. In
the room on the second floor where j
Ilohnes used to sleep a gas-pipe runs
over the floor. Where the pipe meets ;
the wall it turns down into the floor, !
and beneath the boards is a cut-off. The
pipe runs directly to the windowless
room where it is believed Mrs. O'Con
ner was murdered. The cufr-off is be
lieved to bo one of Holmes' instruments
of death. Sitting in his room, he could
turn ou with ease a flow of gas that
would fill the dark sleeping apartment
and asphyxiate the occupants.
TI:NTS PC) 11'/ IIE NEG HOBS.
Marino Hospital Service Assisting
the Returning Mexican Colonists.
Washington, Aug. 10.—Surgeon Gen
eral Wyman, of the marine hospital
service, by authority of the secretary
of the treasury has directed the collector
of customs at Eagle Pass, Texas, to fur
nish the returning negro colonists from
Mexico who are stranded at that point !
four hundred cots and pillows and sufti- |
cient camp equipage to enable them to
maintain life with some degree of com
fort until the outbreak of smallpox with
which they are suffering has exhausted
itself. There are 11.1 cases among the
nearly 400 members of the party but ao
far no deaths have b<*on reported. The
murine hospital serv : ce is also supply
ing the medical attendants.
GERMAN TRADER HANGED.
Belgians at Llndi Accused Him of
Selling Arms to the Kbotigo.
Zanzibar, Aug. 10.—It is reported
here that the Belgians at Lindi, in the
Congo Free state, have hanged a trader
named Stokes, who, it is believed, was a
well-known ox-missionary und German
agent who had been convicted of selling
arms and ammunition to the Kbouge,
with whom the Congo stato is fighting.
Stokes did an immense business, having
agents and caravans in every part of
east Africa.
EMPEROR TAII ES ACTION.
Chinese Troops To Be Instantly Dis
patched to Itucheng.
London, Aug. 10.—An official tele
gram received here states that impera
tive orders have been issued from Pekin
to the viceroy of Fukien directing him
to instantly dispatch troops to Kucheng
to protect the remaining missionary
buildings.
Nearly Drowned in the Surf.
Asbury Park, N. J., Aug. 10.—While
bathing in the surf yesterday afternoon
Mrs. John J. Brown had a narrow es
cape from drowning. Although warned
not to go beyond tho life lines Rho swam
boldly out toward the outer bar and was
seized with cramps. Life savers rescued
her just in time.
Appointed by Governor Brown.
Baltimore, Aug. 10.—Gov. Brown,
has appointed Robert H. Gordon of
Cumberland as associate judge of the
fourth judicial circuit to succeed the
late judge Henry W. Hoffman. The
appointment will hold until a successor
is elected for the full torm of 15 years
ip November.
Cup for Defender and Jubilee.
Newport, R. 1., Aug. 10.—It has been
decided to offer a S2OO cup from the
Citizens' fund for a race between Do
fonder and Jubilee, the former to be
sufficiently handicapped. It is thought
likely that the yachts will compote for
this cup to-day.
Bequest a To Charities.
Boston, Aug. 10.—The will of the late
Aaron W. Spencer, the wealthy Boston
broker, contains bequests to twenty-one
Boston charitable and religious institu
tions aggregating $48,000.
Will Expel All Jews.
London, Aug. 10.—The Daily News
will say to-day that the governor of
Vladivostock lias l>een instructed to ex
pel all Jews from the territory under his
authority.
Soldiers Signal 120 Miles.
Denver, Aug. 10.—The Helliograph
corps of tho United States army has
succeeded in exchanging signals between
Pike's Peak and Denver, 120 miles.
To Reletve i be Atlanta.
New York, Aug. 10.—The United
States steamship Cincinnati sailed for
Key West this morning.
FUNNY LITTLE INSECT.
How the Tumble Bug Hatches
and Hides Eggs.
The Clever .Beetle I> of Great Interest,
Aside from the Fact That lie Was
Worshiped by the Egyptians
of Many Centuries Ago.
There Is found In every state of the
union a little insect that used to be a
god. Ilis history is a wonderful ac
count of ups and downs. You would
never guess from his personal appear
ance, says the New York Herald, that
he was once worshiped by human be
ings, for he is very plain and modest
looking. He goes about his daily toil
In the most cheerful and matter-of-fact
way, seemingly more interested in rear
ing heirs than in studying ancestors.
Ho recks not that his name was once
Sacred Scarabaeus of the Egyptians.
To-day he is plain Mr. Tumble Hug, at
your service.
Hut the tumble bug Is of great In
terest in himself, leaving out all men
tion of his history. This is on account
of the peculiar manner in which the
hatching of tho egg is provided for.
After being laid it is immediately rolled
up in a ball of mud and manure, about
the size of a big marble. When the
ball is thoroughly dried Mr. and Mrs.
Tumble Hug sturt it rolling, in search
of some convenient place in which to
bury it. This place may not be found
for some yards, and the ingenuity dis
played in "navigating" it over that dis
tance is fur greater than that shown by
some human beings in their chosen
business.
In tho first place the ball Is round.
This, of course, is the best form for
rolling. Hut even then the slightest
inequality of the ground, or even a
blade of grass, would present a serious
obstacle. Of course, if the tumble bug
were as big as a mouse he could carry
the ball in his mouth; if he were
adapted for pushing, he could move it
in that way; but, unfortunately, he is
neither. In solving the problem, in
spite of so many difficulties, he illus
trates the old saying that there is more
than one way of killing a cat.
The method is this. Mrs. Tumble
Hug climbs up on top of the ball, and
gets good and ready to move toward
the front edge, so as to start it going.
Mr. T. stands on his head behind, with
MR. AND MRS. TUMBLE BUG AT WORK.
front feet on the ground, while the
hind feet and tho tip of the abdomen
are against the ball. When all is ready
Mr. T. gives the Hignal (supposedly).
Mrs. T. gives a lurch forward, and lo!
they're off. Mrs. T. usually has very
bad luck immediately after the start,
for almost invariably she is carried to
the ground, and the ball rolls over her.
Hut she Is very good-natured about it.
She doesn't get cross, or refuse to play
any more. She just climbs out from
under, shakes the dust out of her
skirts, mounts the ball again, and is 1
ready for another start.
If a down grade is encountered the
work is so much the easier, although
bugs and ball will frequently land In n
heap at the bottom. Hut when an up
grade or a largo obstacle intervenes the
trouble is very great. In such a case
tumble bugs will do one of two things:
They will either desert the ball or go in
search of help. In the former case an
other family will frequently happen
along, and take charge of affairs, just
as if the ball were their own. In the
latter case the neighbors always turn
out, If there are any such.
If you handle tumble bugs while they
are at work they remain very quiet un
til you get through, and then resume
rolling the ball. Nothing seems to dis
turb them.
After the ball has fairly started the
bugs frequently leave it, running
around without apparent reason. They
are, however, searching for a good
place of deposit. The hole in which it
finally rests is several inches and often
a foit or more in depth, and In order
that the bugs may be able to excavate
it the "digging" must be good.
When the site is once chosen a queer
method of making the hole is resorted
to. The way of rolling the ball is com
monplace compared to it. You would
naturally think that the bugs would
first dig the hole and then push the ball
into it. No such thing. They quite
reverse the process. One of the bugs
gets under the bal 1 and digs with his
hind legs, throwing the dirt out around
the edges. As he gets lower the ball
sinks with him, and when the hole is
deep enough he digs his way around
the bo'l, which has followed him all
the way, and then pushes up through
the loose dirt to the surface. What he
does for fresh air during this process is
something that no man can find out.
When the egg hatches in the subter
ranean abode the larvm feed on the
material of their envelope. In course
of time they surround themselves with
the same material, cemented together
with a gelatinous substanco exuded
from their bodies, and later emerge as
perfect insects. The ancient Romans
esteemed the larvae of the tumble bug
as a great delicacy. They were eaten
after being fried a delicate brown.
Modern epicures have taken to snails.
Lime Make* Water Hard.
riard water is nothing more than wa
ter containing carbonate of lime in so
lution. When the water is free from
lime it is then called soft water. Almost
ull spring water is hard. Rain water is
soft.
Percentage of Breadwinner*.
According to the tenth census out of
a total population of 50,000,000 over 17,-
000,000 were breadwinners, being a per
centage of 34.8 of thQ whole.
RIDING OVER AN EARTHQUAKE.
Novel Train Experience of an American
Traveler in Tnrkfj.
Hiding on a train ovei ground shaken
by earthquake is the novel experience
of a Constantinople correspondent of
the Cincinnati Tribune. lie thus de
scribes it:
"All at once the air grew still, an
oppressive silence seemed to hang on
vale and hill and all the people stopped
short. It seemed to me that we ran in
to a bad piece of track or that our train
had suddenly quickened its pace. 1
saw a Servian woman with a child in
her arms stagger, stop, take the water
jug from her head and hug her fright
ened baby to her naked breast. Hun
dreds of yoke cattle were lowing, bur
ros were braying and the whole
flocks of sheep were crying on
the distant downs. Meantime the
curves seemed to increase, and, al
though we were not making more than
forty miles an hour, wo appeared to
fairly fly. Men stood still and stared
at the heavens. A Mohammedan slid
down from a pack mule, spread out his
prayer rug, set his face toward Mecca
and prayed. Christians crossed them
selves, and as often as I stole a glance
at the driver I found him looking at me.
"Till now 1 had attributed the action
of these wild people to childish wonder
at seeing the train sweep by, but when
I looked at the almost pale face of the
sun browned driver I was bewildered.
The things I beheld were all so un
natural that I felt my head swimming.
Glancing ahead I saw the straight
track take on curves and shake them
out again, resembling a running snake.
The valley had become a narrow
gulch, and from tho near hills arose
great clouds of smoke, as from a quarry
when the shots go off. The fireman,
who had been busy at the furnace
door, stood up now and gazed at the
driver, who pressed his left hand over
his eyes, then took it off and tried tc
see, but made no attempt to check the
speed of the flying train. As a drunken
cowboy dashing down a straight street
sways in his saddle—as a wounded
bird reels through the air—did this
mad monster of a locomotive swing and
swim over the writhing rail.
"Suddenly a great curve appeared in
front of us. This time the stoker, who
had left off firing, saw it, and made the
sign of the cross. Again the driver hid
his eyes, and again I felt my brain
growing dizzy trying to understand.
We could hear and feel the engine
wheels rise and fall on the twisting
rail with a deafening sound. At last
she settled down and began to glide
away as a boat glides down a running
stream. 'What is it?' I asked of the
French fireman.
" 'Tremblement de terre,' he .said,
shaking himself violently and fainting
to the floor, and then I understood that
we had been riding over an earthquake.
The driver was either too proud and
brave to stop, or too frightened to be
able to shut off steam; I don't know
which."
OUR TWO LANGUAGES.
On® Uiwl In Convcmatlon, the Other In
Written Engllnh.
A writer In tho Educational Review
prefaces an article on English litera
ture in the college by tho declaration:
"It is now, I think, generally admitted
that the first principle of rhetoric is.
write as you speak. Tho pedantic, de
clamatory, Latinized diction that pre
vailed in literary circles a hundred
years ago is no longer the standard
king's English. In order to write well,
it is necessary first to speak well—that
is, to speak naturally, correctly and
strongly."
This is a clever and cunning, as well
as complete begging of the whole ques
tion. The assumption that we, Eng
lish and Americans, speak as we write,
and that the ordinary rules of rhetoric
and grammar run through and under
lie oral, as well as written language is
an assumption which cannot be verified
by evidence. Tho man who says "don't"
and "can't" and "isn't" and who talks
about "him and me" when he means
"he and I," or who says "done" for
"did" or "seen" for "saw," can take his
pen or pencil in hand and write Eng
lish which is unexceptionable from the
standpoint of person, mood or tense,
the fact being that written language is
u refinement and, possibly, an improve
ment on spoken language, but at the
same time as different from it as the
dialect of Yorkshire from that of Corn
wall, or the talk of Yankeeland from
the patois of the uplands of North
Carolina or the lowlands of Louisiana.
The writer of the article in question
has fallen into the rhetorical error of,
as the vernacular has it, putting the
cart before the horse. Every written
language, protected and fenced in as it
may bo by rhetorical feqees and
hedges, each of which is bristling with
rules and safeguarded by exceptions to
those rules, is only a development from
a spoken language, and whether it be
an improvement or not is an open ques
tion. At all events it must be apparent
to every student of language or phil
ology that we have, at least in Eng
lish, two separate and distinct lan
guages, and that if we should attempt
to follow the dictum of the writer in
the Educational Review, and write as
we speak, our contributions to current
literature would bo speedily side
tracked into the editor's waste-paper
basket. It might be better for the
genius of the English language, and
for the preservation of its integrity,
that we should speak as we write, but
to adopt the converse proposition and
write as we speak seems the very
climax of absurdity to those who know
and appreciate the distinction between
English "as she is wrote" and "as she
is spoke."
Chess In England.
The Danes and Scandinavians first
brought chess to England when re
turning from some of their voyages t<
Byzantium. There is a mention oi
chess in a chronicle relating to the
court of King Pepin of Prance, 70 4 A
D , which says: '"ln the fourteenth
year of King Pepin he bestowed pre
clous giftß on the ecclesiastics, such as a
sat of crystalline chessmen, varioui
gems and a large sum of gold."
CHEESE-BOX MAKING.
Vast Numbers Turned Out Yearly
by Expensive Machinery.
Competition Among Manufacturers Has
Created a Great Industry—llow
the Boxes Are Put
Together.
An idea of the magnitude of the
cheese industry in this country is given
by the fact that the boxes in which the
cheese is shipped represent a cost of
nearly half a million dollars annually.
It is not many years, says the New
York Sun, since cheese was shipped in
any kind of barrel or box which would
hold from one to half a dozen good
sized forms, packed in straw to keep
them from being bruised or broken in
the handling. It was only factory
made cheese that received such protec
tion, while dairy cheese was sent to
market destitute of any covering other
than its own roughly bandaged rind,
which in most cases proved invulner
able. Competition among manufactur
ers has changed all this, and at present
the manufacture of boxes gives employ
ment to a large number of hands and
necessitates the use of powerful and
expensive machinery.
It was customary in the early days of
the business to saw the hoops, as the
large body of the box is called, out of
the log in planks about one-fifth of an
inch in thickness. The waste of mate
rial was a most serious objection to this
plan, fully lifty per cent, of the timber
going in sawdust. The invention of
the rotary cutting machine has pre
vented this waste and at the same time
produced a better hoop than the sawed
article. The chief timber used in mak
ing cheese-box hoops is the common
swamp elm. No other timber seems
to possess the same qualities of light
ness, toughness and elasticity, so re
quisite for cheese boxes, as this once
despised product of American forests.
The logs, after being cut in the proper
lengths, generally five feet for an ordi
nary cheese box of fifteen and a half
or sixteen inches diameter, are thrown
into long vats filled with water, where
they are boiled from fifteen to twenty
hours. The time required to soften the
timber, or cook it, as the operation is
called, varies according to the size of
the timber and the season. Large logs
require to be cooked longer than small
ones, particularly when the logs are
frozen. It is not uncommon to find the
center of a log still frozen after fifteen
hours of boiling. Experience is the
best guide in this part of the business,
and to know when the timber is thor
oughly cooked and not overdone is one
of tho things acquired only by con
stant observation. When sufficiently
boiled the logs are lifted in iron grap
ples from the vats and laid on skids,
where the hark is removed. Then a
log is lifted by a crane and swung into
place in tho machine, where it is held
in a horizontal position by chucks or
dogs that center it at each end.
In this position the log revolves like
a roll of paper in a printing press. The
knife which does the cutting is verj'
heavy and is bolted to a heavy head
called a carriage, which is fed for
ward I) 3' screws toward the revolving
log. In the most approved machines
the knife has an end or oscillating as
well as a forward motion. This reduces
the strain on the machine and permits
the cutting of soft, unsound and shaky
hearted logs. As the knife comes in
contact with the timber tho inequali
ties of the log are first shorn off, and
gradually the log becomes perfectly
round and 3'ields an unbroken sheet of
lumber, like the unwinding of a roll of j
cloth. This sheet of wood is broken
off in convenient lengths, which arc
passed under dividing knives that cut
them into uniform widths, correspond
ing with tho required depth of the box.
If the boxes are to bo made up at
once the hoops are bent around iron
cylinders to give them the form of the
box, after which tho bottom is pressed
in and nailed in place. Comparatively
few boxes are put together in the
larger mills. In most cases the product
is dried and shipped to the cheese man
ufacturing centers, where the boxes
arc completed. The boxes in the
finished state are too bulk3'for econom
ical handling.
The remnants which are not wide
enough for hoops are used for the cover
band and for the narrow band that
goes around the bottom of the box.
The boxes vary in size both as regards
depth and diameter. The most com
mon size will hold a cheese of from
sixty to sixt3*-five pounds. Such a box
is ten inches deep and fifteen and one
half inches in diameter. This is the
size of cheese most in demand for ex
port. The size for home consumption
is as a rule much smaller and requires
a box from five to six inches deep, but
of the same diameter as the other.
Various kinds of timber are used to
form the heads of the box, hut elm is
the accepted material for the hoops.
Owing to peculiarities of the soil, the
timber in some localities is inclined to
be shak}', the checks or shakes running
around the log and following the grain
of the timber. Such timber was use
less when the hoops were sawed, but
in the rotary process much of it can be
turned to good account. The bulk of
the elm timber used in this business is
brought in from Canada.
Tho western peninsula of Ontario
lying north of Lake Erie contained one
of the largest tracts of elm timber on
the continent. It has been greatly de
pleted in recent 3'ears. The logs are
taken out in winter when the swamps
are frozen and are skidded near the
railways or on the lake shore. Tho
bulk of them are taken to the mills by
water in tow of powerful steam tugs.
Cheap Can In Birmingham.
The city of Birmingham, England,
supplies pure coal gas to its citizens at
54 cents a thousand. The municipality
bought out two private gas companies
at a price which makes an annual cost
to the city of 1201,000. This amount
has been paid for seventeen years, and
the people of Birmingham have reaped a
net profit on the investment during
that tim< of $3,570,000.
Bjgjgg
Anthracite coal used exclusively, insuring
cleanliness and comfort.
ARRANGEMENT or PASSENGER TRAINS.
MAY. 15, 1805.
LEAVE FREELAND.
0 05, 8 25, 9 33. 10 41 a m, 1 35, 2 27, 3 40, 4 25,
♦J 12, 0 58, 8 05, 8 57 p m, for Drifton, Jeddo, Lum
ber Yard, Stockton and Hazleton.
0 05, 8 25. 933 a m, 1 35, 3 40, 4 25 p m, for
Mauch Chunk, Allentown, Bethlehem, Philu.,
Easton and New York.
0 05, 9*3, 10 41 am, 2 27, 4 25, 058 pm, for
Mahanoy City, Shenandoah and Pottsville.
7 20, 9 16. 10 50 a m. 1154,4 34 p m, (via High
land Branch) for White Haven, Glen Summit,
Wilkes-Barre, Pittston and L. and B. Junction.
BUNDAV TRAINS.
11 40 a m and 3 45 p m for Drifton, Jeddo, Lum
ber Yard and Hazicton.
345 i) in for Delano, Mahanoy City, Shenan
doah, New York and Philadelphia.
ARRIVE AT FREELAND.
7 20, 9 27, 10 56, 11 54 a m, 12 58, 2 13, 4 34, 5 33,
0 58, 847 pm, from Hazleton, Stockton, Lum
ber Yard, Jeddo and Drifton.
7 20, 9 27, 10 60 a in, 2 13, 4 34, 6 58 p m, from
Deluno, Mahanoy City and Shenandoah (via
New Boston Branch).
12 58, 5 33, 8 47 p in, from New York, Easton,
Philadelphia, Bethlehem, Allentown and Mauch
Chunk.
9 27, 10 56 a m, 12 58, 5 33, 0 58, 8 47 p m, from
Easton, Philu., Bethlehem and Maucn Chunk.
9 33, 10 41 am. 2 27,0 58 pni lrora White Haven.
Glen Summit, Wilkes-Barre. Pittston and L. and
B. Junction (via Highluud Branch).
SUNDAY TRAINS.
11 31 a m and 331 p ni, from Hazleton, Lum
ber Yard, Jeddo and Drifton.
11 31 a in from Deluno, Huzlcton, Philadelphia
and Easton.
3 31 p m lrora Delano and Mahanoy region.
For further information inquire of Ticket
Agents.
CHAS. S. LEE, Gen'l Pass. Agent,
l'hilu., Pa.
UOLLIN H. WILBUR, Gen. Supt. East. Div.
A. W. NONNEMACHEK, Ass't G. P. A.,
South Bethlehem, Pa.
THE DELAWARE, SUSQUEHANNA ANL
SCHUYLKILL RAILROAD.
Time table in effect .January 20, 1895.
Trains leave Drifton for Jeddo, Eckley, Hazle
Brook, Stockton, Beaver Meadow Road, Roan
and Hazleton Junction at 6 00,0 10am, 12 09,
1 15 p m, daily except Sunday, and 7 03 a in, 2 38
p in, Sunday.
Trains leave Drifton for Harwood. Cranberry,
Tomhicken and Deringer at 000 a in, 12 09 p ni,
daily except Sunday; and 703 u in, 2 3Hp m,
Sunday.
Trains leave Drifton for Oneida Junction,
Murwood Road, Humboldt Road, Oneida and
Sheppton ato 10 a ni, 120 i, 415 p in, daily except
Sunday; and 7 03 a 111, 2 38 p m, Sunday.
Trains leuve Hazleton Junction for Harwood,
Cranlierry, Tonihickcn and Deringer at 035 a
m, 1 58 p m, daily except Sunday; and 8 53 a ni,
4 22 p m, Sunday.
Trains leave Hazleton Junction for Oneida
Junction, Hurwood Road, Humboldt Road,
Oneida and Sheppton at 0 4i, 9 37 a m, 12 40, 4 40
p m, daily except Suuduy; and 7 37 a m, 3 08 p
m, Sunday.
Trains leave Deringer for Tomhicken, Cran
berry, Harwood, Hazleton Junction, Roan,
Beaver Meadow Road. Stockton, Uazle Brook,
Eekley, Jeddo and Drifton at 2 55, 607 p in,
daily except Suuduy; and 937 a ni, 507 p ra,
Sunday.
Trains leave Sheppton for Oneida, Humboldt
Road, Harwood Road, Oneida Junction, Hazle
ton Junction a'd Roan at 8 18, 10 15 am, 1 15,
5 25 p m, daily except Sunday; and 8 09 a in, 3 44
p in, Sunday.
Trains leave Sheppton for neaver Meadow
Road, Stockton, Hazle Brook, Ecklev, Jeddo
and Drifton at 10 15 a m, 5 25 p in, daily, except
Sunday; and 8 09 a m, 3 44 p m, Sunday.
Trains leave Hazleton Junction for Beaver
Meadow Road, Stockton, Hazle Brook, Eckley,
Jeddo and Drifts>ll at 10 38 a 111. 3 20, 5 47, 040 p
ra, daily, except Sunday; and 10 08 u ni, 5 38 p in,
Sunday.
All trains connect at Hazleton Junction with
electric cars for Hazleton, Jcancsvilie, Audcu
ried and other points 011 the Traction Com
pany's line.
Trains leaving Drifton at 0 10 a m, Hazleton
Junction at 937 a in, and Sheppton at H 18 a m,
connect at Oneida Junction with Lehigh Valley
trains east and west.
Train leaving Drifton at 0 00 a m makes con
nection at Deringer with I'. R. R. train for
1 ikes-Barre, Sunbury, Harrishurg and points
*<*t. DANIEL COXK,
Superintendent.
PROPOSALS for the erection and equip
-f* .^ n i ent ol u brick opera house, dimensions
50x90 feet, in the borough or Freehold, are
desired. Proposals for building ami proposals
lor furnishing scenery, etc., must be separate.
All bids must lie in by August 31, 1895. Com
mittee reserves right to reject any or ull bids.
Plans, etc., can be seen at J. .\f. Carr's law
othceor Ward's photograph gallery.
J. B. Hanion, Freeland, Pa.
Secretary building committee.
I EHIGII TRACTION COMPANY.
1 J Freeland Rrunch.
First ear will leave Freeland for Drifton,
Jeddo, Japan, Oakdalc, Ebervalo, Burleigh,
Milnesylllc. Luttimcr and llazleton ut 0.12 a.
111 A1 tor this ears will leave every thirty
inmates throughout the day until 11.12 p. in.
On Sunday first ear will leave at 6.40 a. m.,
the next ear will leave at 7.35 a. in., aud then
every thirty minutes until 11.05 p. m.
poll SALE, RENT OR EXCHANGE.-The
I (1 len Hotel, located at Hock Glen, Luzerne
county; on Peiin'u It. K.; licensed for several
years. Will sell or rent at once or will ex
change for pro|crty in Freeland or Hazleton.
1 ossession given iniim-duitely. Apply or write
to Mrs. h. Myers, Rock Glen, or J. I). Myers,
Freehold. J '
pott SALE CHEAP. A house and lot on
A •., <, '! tro tdreet, Freeland; lot, 25x125; house,
U , Bui her particulars inquire of
Frank McDorinott, Drilton, or at this office.
SHORT SALAD RECIPES.
COLD potatoes cut in dice and laid on
a bed of lettuce can be covered with
cream dressing.
GREEN beans arc cooked, cut in two
inch pieces, laid on a bed of lettuce
and covered with French dressing.
CABBAGE IS eaten raw, shredded fine,
sonked in F>ench dressing and covered
with boiled dressing.
LETTUCE should bo put in cold water
to make it crisp, and shaken dry in a
napkin before being dressed.
ASPARAGUS is boiled, the tough part
of the stalks removed, the remainder
cut in short lengths and covered with
mayonnaise.
TOMATOES are scalded to remove the
skin, cut in slices when cold, and served
with aspoonful of mayonnaise or boiled
dressing on each slice.
CAULIFLOWER is separated into sprigs,
the tenter part of the stalk cut fine,
and covered with mayonnaise. It must
not be boiled too long or it becomes dark.
DANDELION salad is made of the
young leaves of the plant, thoroughly
washed, soaked in cold water for an
hour, shaken dry and saturated with
French dresing.—Ladies' Home Jour
nal.
Important Information.
A professor in the medical depart
ment of Columbia college asked one of
the more advanced students:
"What is the name of the teeth that
a human being gets last?"
Time's 56 teeth . ot course."—Tammany
Perfectly Safe.
Caller—Your coat of arms is very
pretty; but couldn't anyone else use It?
American Uostess—No. indeed. We
paid the designer ten dollars extra to
have it copyrighted—N. Y. Weekly.
Summer neckwear, 23c at UefowiclTs.