FREELAND TRIBUNE. PUBLISHED IVEHT MONDAY AND THURSDAY. 'NIOS. A. BUCKLEY, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICE: Main Stukjct above Centra SUBSCRIPTION BATES. One Year fi so Six Months 75 Four Months ...... 50 Two Months 25 Subscribers are requested to observe the data following the name on the labels of their papers. By referring to this they can tell at a glance how they stand on the books In this office. For Instance: Grover Cleveland 28June03 means that Grover Is paid up to Juno 28, 180&. Keep the figures In advance of the present data. Report promptly to this office when your paper Is not received. All arrearages must bo paid When paper Is discontinued, or collection will be made In the manner provided by law. Tho Now England Kitchen, of Bos ton, serves a five-cent lunch, consist ing of hot Boup, broad and butter, sandwiches, buns or cookies, to tho pupils of tho Boston high schools, Tho San Francisco Argonaut ex claims: A toy has wrought a revolution in this country. The agitation in favor of good roads, begun by tho bioyclo manufacturers somo years ago, aud taken up and given forco by tho riders, has ut length reached tho masses of tho people. Tho improvement of the channel at tho mouth of tho Mississippi River has been a great benefit to the Cres cent City. Among tho vessels which have recently visited Now Orleans aro many of tho largest froight carriers afloat, nnd many of tho cargoes car ried out would have been considered impossible somo years ago. This season's crazes in Eurogo havo been collected by an Italian editor. In England it is clay modeling, tho chief victims being Mr. Gladstone and Sir William Harcourt; in I'aris it is riddles, in Italy and Southern Franco it is jumping beans, painted to repre sent prominent persons; they jump best on hot plates. In Belgium they havo slow-smoking races; tho pipes are filled with half an ounce of to bacco each and the winner is he who can hold out longest without relight ing. The record so far is sixty-seven minntes. Secretary Morton declares that the plow used by the American farmer is a humbug and an enemy to fertility. Said the Secretary: "Wo have im proved our plows loss than any other implement man uses. The plow used in Nebraska and other stoneless soils impacks every furrow it passes over and renders it as impervious to rain fall as possible. The draft of a plow is downward to such an extent that the full force of the team's strength is exhausted in pressing the bottom of the furrow into a polished trough for the conduction of rain down the side liills. Wo must have some method of tillage which shall stir up the soil and subsoil to the depth of eighteen inches and more. If it were possible to loosen the soil and subsoil down for threo feet all over the State of Ne braska, we could then, with an annual rainfall of twenty inches, make abun dant and profitable crops. Until deep plowing—through subsoil tillage —be comes universal in that commonwealth there will be, year in and year out, no certainty of remunerative crops. Pro fessor Shaler, of Harvard, estimates that the present inefficient and ill-re sulting methods of plowing, especially upon undulating lands, cost the far mers of the United States 250 square miles of soil each year by erosion. Everywhere in Nebraska where torren tial rainfalls are so frequent the side hills mutely verify Professor Shaler's theory as to the annual waste of washed lands. This is a matter of such vast importance that I havo asked Chan cellor Canficld, of the University of Nebraska, to bring it before the 1600 students in that institution and ask them to try and think out a new im plement of agriculture which shall supersede the plow. It is a subject upon which the inveutivo minds of educated farmers should bo concen trated. A proper solution of the diffi culty will facilitate subsoil tillage ami at tho same time save both the crops and tho soil. In my judgment the coming iin|dement should spade tho lund and turn it over, as a man who pushes the spade with his foot into tho ground and drawing the spado out turns the soil upside down by tho twist of his wrists. Possibly n rotary spader could be invented. Possibly an implement consisting of a largo number of revolving knives could bo made so that in passing over tho sur faco of tho Held it shall chop up the soil and subsoil for two feet in such a mnnnor as to render tho percolation of tho rainfull down to tho depth at which tho ground has been stirred very easy and perfeot." REMF.DY FOIt BATS AND MICE. These small but groatly destructive vermin of the farm may be kept in subjection without much trouble if tho right methods aro taken. First, the buildings should bo constructed with special roferenco to them ; this, however, is rarely thought of by build ers. No hiding places should be per mitted under the floors or behind the fittiugs; tho floors should either be on the ground and made of concrete, through which rats cannot burrow, or raised so high above it that cats and dogs can go everywhere in pur suit of their natural game. Three or four good cats, preferably emasculated ones, and one good terrier—a fox terrier is tho host—or all of these, will, if well fed, spend tho greater part of their time in hunting, aud so very soon exterminate tho vermin. Otherwise poison should bo used in such away as to avoid danger to oth er animals. This may bo done by mixing a very little powdered strych nine with some fat in which cornmeal is mixed; and putting small quan tities o. tliis in holes bored in blocks of wood, so that tho vermin can get at it and other animals cannot. Theso traps are scattered about where tho vermin will be likely to got at the bait. New York Times. now CUE AM is RIPENED. Tho cream is host skimmed when rather thick, that is, when it may be almost rolled lip on the pan and lifted til a sort of cnlio. It will then con tain about twenty per cent, of milk, and some milk must then bo poured into the cream jar with tho cream, nnd tho wholo stirred to mix the two in timately. This stirring is dono every time the cream is added, and tho third milking should bo the lust beforo tho cream is churned. Tho cream will ripen of itself if it is kept in n warm place nil this time, nut less than sixtv degrees of temperature. At tho cud of this time tho surface will glisten like satin when it is stirred, aud this is a good indication of'its full ripening for tho churning. Otherwise, the cream may bo set on tho addition of the last cream, by mixing half a pint of the buttermilk from the last can, churn ing to live gallons of tho cream and stirring it well ; then, at a tempera ture of sixty or sixty-tivo degrees, the cream will be ready for churning in twelvo hours. This will yield the finest flavored butter, that is tit for the tablo in a few hours after it is made, or for somo tastes it is churned for every meal, and entou as it is churned. Cream thus ripened will make a very delicately flavored but ter.—American Farmer. now TO RAISE YOUNG CHICKS. When tho chicks aro all hatched leavo them under tho hen undisturbed for ono day. They are tender and delicate nnd need tho vitalizing heat of tho mother. Let thein remain with out food until the second day. When the hen is taken from the nest dust her thoroughly with fresh insect pow der. Grease her legs lightly with melted lard and apply two or threo drops to the back of her neck. Do not put any under her wings, as the chicks are apt to get it into their eyes, caus ing blindness. Lice pass from the hen to the chicks, so if thero is one lonse on tho hen it is ono too many. Tho first four or five days feed stale bread or cracker crumbs moistened with sweet milk. Do not make it too sloppy. Tho principal food should bo bread mado of equal parts fine oat meal, bran, shorts aud corn meal. Add enough soda anil salt to sonson, and three teaspoonfuls of ground bone. Mix with sweet milk and balto in tho oven. Cramblo tho inside of the bread and feed it dry. Take the crust and moisten with a raw egg until tho whole is a stiff dough. Young chicks will lcoep healthy and grow fast on this food. Egg is the natural food for young fowls and should bo given once or twice a day. Raw ogg will prevent bowel trouble, while too much hard boiled egg will produce it. Feed regularly every two hours un til the chicks aro a week old, then four times a day will do. Give them all they will eat up clean hut do not leave any in tho trough to sour. As soon us chicks require food they re quire water. Milk may bo givcu, but it should bo sivcet. If tho weather is cold have tho water tepid. Construct tho drinking dishes so that tho chicken can drink without getting wet. Never feed raw corn meal to chicks. Bran is better than corn meal, us it contains more mineral matter and is one of the best bune-foriniug foods that can lie given to growing fowls; but it should always he scalded. As they grow older feed grain, either whole or cracked. Table scraps and garden greens may also bo given. Keep pul verized charcoal and line gravel within their reach all the time. The young chicks must lie kept warm and dry un til they nre Bix weeks old; a single night's exposure may bring on bowel disease. When this appears it is gen orally attributed to tho food, but the real cause is eold. Do not keep the hen confined in a coop unless it is a large one, and then only in had, wet weather. It is almost impossible to koep a confined hen free from lico. If sho has her liberty she will dust da ly and rid herself of tho pests, and tho little chicks will learn ut an early age to wallow in tho dust. Let them roam over tho garden and lields and thev will gather a larae Dart of their food, and benefit the farm and garden by ridding them of in sects. —American Agriculturist. CARE OP ORCHARDS. Extracts from a very interesting paper read by J. H. Fishell before the Indiana Horticultural Society: Tho care of orchards for best results is a subject which concerns all of us. There is too much lack of horticul tural knowledge among farmers. They are not as well posted on fruit-grow ing as they should be. It certainly would bo to tho advantage of every wide-awake farmer and fruit-grower to join and attend regularly tho in teresting meetings of such societies as this. Those who mako a success in fruit growing do so by intelligent in dustry. It lias been said, "if a man would know anything ho must think ; if ho would have anything ho must work." Now if ho will do either, all things are so arranged that ho may re ceive rich rewards. From tho earliest times men havo turned to tho soil for their support. Tho products wero few bccuuso their wants were few. In process of timo agriculture was divided into depart ments. Tho mau who cultivated field crops on a largo scale was called a husbandman or agriculturist. Others that cultivated fruits, roots and vege tables were callod horticulturists, and ono brauch of tho latter is my subject. Fruit is tho poor man's friend, tho rich man's luxury, tho laborer's physician, and tho foo to quack doctors. Thero is no moro royal road to health than that lined by trees of ripened fruit. The growth of trees, whether in tho forest, or in tho orchard, takes from tho soil the necessary nutriment both for the for mation of wood and tho development of fruit. To secure tho most satisfac tory development of fruit requires health and vigor of wood, liut the growth of trees in a soil continually cropped in soil cxhuustiou, and if con tinued for a term of years with no re storation of fertilizing material, tho conditions become unfavorable to any healthy growth of wood fibre. It is under such conditions as those that fruit rapidly deteriorates or fails of production. Tho orchard set in young trees should bo cultivated annually and some fertilizing material applied for the benefit of tho trees as well as tho vegetables or small fruit raised, until the trees come into bearing; then tho cultivation should ceaso for a time. Fruit trees require care and nutri ment, and without these the results are not satisfactory. Healthfulness is indicated by a vigorous growth and a foliage of dark green, and when theso conditions exist the fruit will bo found smooth and of good size. Orchards may bo fertilized by spreading ma nure over the surface of tho ground, especially that portion of it through which tho roots of the trees extend. Potash is a valuable fertilizer for all kinds of fruit and can be applied in tho form of uuleached wood ashes,and being largely soluble aro easily con veyed to the roots and immediately appropriated to profitable use. Wo would lay down these rules in commencing: Select a situation best adapted for tho purpose, taking every thing into consideration. If not well drained seo that it is. Scatter well composted manuro over tho ground, plow deep, and then if you can get them scatter wood ashes over the ground and work them well into tho soil with a harrow. And depend upon it there is no atnouut of pains which you can take in this respect that will not amply repay you in the end. Wo look upon it as of the utmost import ance to tho future welfaro of tho treo that it should have a good start in the beginning and make an early and rapid growth; this will enable it to resist tho attacks of disease and in sects the better. FARM AND GARDEN NOTES. Charcoal is a good corrective of bowel disorders in poultry. Savo tho poultry droppings. Store them where they will bo kept dry. Wheat and oats mixed in tho pro portion of two to one, and then ground, is reported to bo au excellent food for milch cows. Diversify, diversify. That is not the only secret of success, but is essen tial when no special crops will pay, as is the caso at present. The first thing to do in the spring is to apply a liberal allowauco of solu ble fertilizer on tho asparagus bod, as asparagus comes early in tho spring. It is said that watermelons will keep nicely until Christmas if they are cut from tho vino with tho stems on and buried in sand out of the way of frost. Duy farm machinery as cheap as possible, but do not buy cheap ma chinery. The poorly constructed mu chino bought at a low price is often tho most costly one in the long ruu. Farmers who figuro on their pro fits should endeavor to estimato the expense incurred in loss of fertility sold in tho produce. This fertility must be returned to tho soil or tho succeeding crops will bo lessoned cor lespondingly. l'otash is essential to land boaring fruits, and, therefore, ashes is a valu able fertilizer for such ground. In using ashes uso it alone, for it has wonderful power of liberating some of tho most valuable elements in nitro genous fertilizers. OUR NAVAL GUN FACTORY. WHERE UNCLE SAM TURNS OUT ENGINES OF DESTRUCTION. Various Processes of Making a Big