Fkeeland Tribune.
I'tTBIJSnKD EVERY
MONDAY AND THURSDAY.
THOS. A. BUCKLEY,
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.
OFFICE: MAIN STREET ABOVE CENTRE.
SUBSCRIPTION KATES.
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Fix Months 7.-,
Four Months „ 50
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Subscribers are requested to observe the date
following - tbe name on the labels of their
papers. Ily referring: to this they can tell nt.a
glance how they 6tand on tho books in this
office. For instance:
Grover Cleveland 28June9">
means that Grover is paid up to June 28,1K0&.
Keep the. figures in advuncc of the present date.
Report promptly to this office when your paper
is not received. All arrearages must bo paid
when paper is discontinued, or collection will
Iv made in the manner provided by law.
A shovvngo of billions of feet of pine
lumber is predicted from the great
Northwestern territory.
Lightning does strike twico in the
panic place, the New York Mail and
Express maintains, and a Honesdalc,
(Pcnn.) farmer who was stunned twice
during one storm in his barn one day
last week Jives to certify that an old
belief to the contrary is erroneous.
When even electricity takes to repeat
ing, tho need of reform must be ad
mitted.
One after another, notes the Chi
cago Herald, tho theological sem
inaries of this country nro opening
their dodrs for the admission of women,
and especially for such as would lit
themselves l'or labor in tho mission
field. The Cumberland Presbyterian
Seminary at Lebanon, Tenn., is one
of the last to fall into line in this
great matter.
Colonel Thornton W. Washington,
of Washington, D. C., is dead. His
death removes one of tho direct lineal
descendants of General Georgo Wash
ington. He was a great-grandson of
Colonel Samuel Washington, tho old
est brother of tho illustrious first
President of tho United States, and
the fifth generation in descent from
Colonel John Washington, tho first
immigrant of the Washington family
in America, who camo over in 1(139
and settled on the border of Pope's
Creek, near its junction with the Poto
mac River, in what is now Westmore
land County, Virginia. Ho served in
tho Confederate army. His wife and
Beven children survive him.
A report on tho uncultivated bast
fibers of tho United States by Chuilos
Richard Dodge, special agent in
charge of fiber investigations, has just
been issued from the Department of j
Agriculture. Among the plants do- j
scribed arc species found in every see
tion of tho United States, from Maiuo
to Florida and from Minnesota to
Arizona. Some of them are jute sub
stitutes, while others, if cultivated,
would produce a liber rivaling hemp.
Over forty liber plants are treatod in
the report, tho history of twenty
forms being given in full with state
ments regarding past efforts and ex
periments toward their utilization.
Special chapters are devoted to tho
asclepias or milkweed libers, okr.t,
cotton stalk fiber, tho common abuti
lon—known commercially as 4 'China
jute," but growing in the fence
corners of every Western farm—Colo
rado River hemp and many others.
Tho Republican Senators whose
terms will expire in March next are :
Joseph M. Carey, Wyoming; William
Chandler, New Hampshire ; S. M. Cul
lom, Illinois; N. F. Dixon, Rhode
Island; J. N. Dolph, Oregon ; William
P. Fryo, Maine; A. Higgins, Dela
ware; G. F. Hoar, Massachusetts; ('.
F. Manderson, Nebraska; J. McMil
lan, Michigan; R. F. Pettigrew, South
Dakota; T. C. Power, Montana; G. S.
Shoup, Idaho; W. D. Washburn, Min
nesota; J. F. Wilson, Iowa; and E. O.
Wolcott, Colorado. The Democrats
arc: J. H. Berry, Arkansas; M. C.
Butler, South Carolina; 1). Gallery,
Louisiana; J. N. Camden, West Vir
ginia; R. Coke, Texas; I. G. Harris,
Tennessee; E. Hunton, Virginia; W.
Lindsay, Kentucky; J. Martin, Kan
sas; A.J. McLuurin, Mississippi; J.
R. McPhcrson, New Jersey; J. T. Mor
gan, Alabama; M. W. Ransom, North
Carolina, and P. Walsh, Georgia. Ju
a number of States, the Atlanta Con
stitution remarks, the election of Sena
tors has already cither been made or
has been settled. Georgo Peabo ly
Wefcmoro will succeed Dixon, of Rhode
Island ; ex-Governor Gear will take the
place of Senator Wilson, of lowa, and
J. S. Martin will succeed Hunton.
Lindsay and Gallery have had their
seats already voted to them and Mor
gan's return is assured. Other Sena
tors, including Dolph, Frye and others,
will bo returned without any great
tfffort, •*
THE CLOSING CENTURY.
As one who, rousol froai sleep, hears far
away
The closing strokes of some cathedral bell
Tolling the hour, strives all in vain to tell
If denser grows the night, or p lies the day—
So we roused to life's brief existence, say
(Wo on whose waking falls a century's
knell).
I Is this the deepening dusk of years, tho fell
j And solemn midnight, or the morning gray V
j We stir, then sleep again —a little sleep !
(Ilowbeit undisturbed by another's ring !)
3''or though, measured with time, a century
Is but a vanished hour tollol on the deep,
Yet what is tims itself? Tis but a swing
O. the vast pendulum of eternity.
—Henry J. StockarJ, in tho Century.
LOST AND FOUND.
.v/. V ,:s - VAXALTIXE
WJ** By was sauntering
Ufsi \ h J jbSS leisurely down one
h rfl Cio boil leva
IW'v us y i" 1 j" is " Ji " ns "
morning J tho nir
i r®\! 's n> H w,w eris i j ai " l v <-- j
#3w/ <""••• I'l'esh mi l in
S AV P M viti,, l?—jst tile'
R*l M. NJ? lilU<l of " (i ". v f"i
IsK. XU n stroll, and so tho '
<9 American vo'ium i
lia-.l ilis.lainoil her fushionnblo rquip
]>age. Sliu hint walked all tliu war
from her lieut- an I artistic temporary
abiding place in the American colour '
to tho shopping district, had pur- |
chased sundry trifles and looked at j
thousands of arlicics she had not
bought; had fascinated n number of
clerks by her dash and brilliancy until
they were ready to display for hor ■
especial bum-lit the wealth of the i
world in feminine odds mid ends, an 1
now she was making her way home- j
ward, eare free, and happily con- ;
scions that many covert glauces were
c.ist at licr stylish figure.
At sixteen she was a eharmin- "irl •
at twenty-six a behutifnl wife 'ail l
ho.dcss; at, well, say thirty—an irre- j
sislible widow, perfectly satisfied to '
saunter all by herself aionc; what re
limine.l of life's floral pathway. With '
" more than comfortable competence
she regarded tho future with compla
cency ami the past with resignation. '
Not that anything very tragic was iu
t' rwovcii among the yesterdays. Ex
istence had flowed emoothiy enough
u broken engagement, a heart wrung I
for a time, a trip abroad, a weaKhv
Miitor, a fashionable wedding, a pleas
ing honeymoon, a series of social Sri- '
nmps, the demise of Jut belter hall", A I
brief period for mournin g, and the com
fortable present.
She was childless, but she ha 1 many
friends. It is true that sometimes
something like a pang came to her 1 i
when her mind revelled to child: n,
ami bbf told herself that possibly a
littb i no would not be at all 111 the'
way, but, on the contrary, might give
sweet solace to the few lonely mo- 1
incuts which came to her, who, gem : j
ally speaking, did not know what hm- J
Ii11• s was. As she walked along with !
superb movement, she observed two j
pretty girls in charge of a nurse. The
children were playing on tho grass bo- !
neuth the shade tr< es with which the
boulevard was lined, while the nurse,
who had the expressionless features o
a peasant girl, was seated on a bench
knitting. Mrs. Van Altiue stopped
impulsively.
"Oh, you darling," she said, and
thereupon in her own peculiarly (
graceful way begun to question the i
children and coo over them just as if
sin know all about the language of j
childhood. Nearby on another bench j
was a little boy dressed in sailor's at
tire, with the word "captain" oil his j
cup. Lie looked forlorn and his- ;
ttubed, for his month quivered ami
there were tears in his big, blue eyos.
"What's the matter, my little man?" i
continued Mrs. Van Altiue, in the Jan- j
gmtgo of the country.
Jle only stared at her and rubbed |
one of his eyes with his dirty fist. She
placed lmr hand on his golden curls in
a caressing manner.
"Why don't you play with the other :
children?" she continued.
Foi answi r lie rubbed iiis other eye 1
with another dirty fist.
"There, now, sailors don't cry," re
sumed Mrs. Van Altinc, as she "wiped
the grime from his face with a lace
handkerchief.
" J'licy go to battle and fight, and are ]
brave. Arc you my brave little cap- :
lain ?"
"I don't understand," said tho boy
in k'n:• 1 i h, plunging both lists into
his vcs.
"What! von speak English? You
aie uu American boy ?"
"And are these your sisters?"
"And wllatV. vour name?"
"Hobby. '
"Hobby what?"
"Bobby Steele."
" \ 1 1• I wlnre jo - yon from, Hubby?" I
"t)e. a big place, much bigger and I
nicer thi!n 11ns."
" What, is it rail 1
"('lev land oh -boo -hoo—l want !
to go home.
"but you can't go back t> Clove- i
lan I to-night, Hobby. You are thon- j
ban I- of miles from home."
"i don't care— I waut to go home.''
"Is vour mamma v.itli you in \
V,, : v;
4 o in. Rho'.s in heaven. She's j
n id. My mamma died when I was
one year old. I'm all my papa's got
and now boo! hoo! —ho hasn't got
inc. J "in lost and shall never sec my
I h pa again."
"You poor child, you mean to say
you can't lind your papa?
"No; we wont out for a walk anl I
stopped in a crowd to look in a win
dow, Then my papa went away an I
left me."
"And you couldn't find him any
where?"
"NO'LH. I shall never see my papa
"Nonsense! of course you will.
Why, we'll go ami fiud him now."
1 "Will you?" Do you know my
papa?"
"I can't say that I do. There are
so many Steeles in tho world. Is your
' papa slender, and does lie wear a little
mustache?"
"No; my papa's big and has a
i beard."
"Then I guess I don't know him.
How long have you been waiting
here?,*
"Oil. hours!"
"Well, you are my brave little cap
tain, after all. I'll buy you some
bon-bons."
"Will you?" With great show of
interest.
"Yes."
"And a candy cane?"
"Yes."
"And a liu soldier I saw?"
"Yen." ,
"And f saw an elephant 1 want and
two toy lions ami—"
"My dear child, you evidently want
to start a zoo of your own."
I " What is that!"
"Oh, a menagerie."
: "1 went to a menagerie with my
papa here yesterday. We saw theni
' feed tho lions."
i "Where are you stopping here, my
child?"
"I don't know. A big place. Will
I you take me there?"
I "I will, ii' I can lind it from your in
l de'inite description."
i "What's 'indefinite' moan?"
I "Never mind that now. Aro you
' slopping at a hotel?"
| "I guess so."
" Would you remember Iho name of
j tho hotel?"
"No."
1 Mrs. Van AHilie repealed a nura
i bcr of names.
"I don't know," ho said.
I " Well," she remarked with a little
sigh, "1 suppose wo had better call a
carriage."
| "That'll be fine," ho said. "I've
gol a velocipede home."
I "Have you? Well, just go and wave
your hand at that man with the car
riage. Remember you are my gallant
little escort, aud you must be very
polite."
"All right."
In a few moments they were com
fortably seated in the carriage.
"How do you like this?" she asked.
"It's great."
j "Where to, madam?" interrupted
the coachman.
"Ye- , whore to? That's tho ques
tion,'' ruminated Mrs.. Van Altinc.
"Where shall wo go. mon CApitaine?"
"*et the tin soldier," said tho boy.
"Very well. That will give mo time
to think. Drive to a toy shop."
As they dashed down tho boulevard
Mrs. Vuu Altiue drew the child nearer
I to her.
i "Von don't feel lost any more, my
i brave captain?" she asked.
I 4 'Not so much so, thank you."
; "Aud it' we don't tind your papa can
I have you ?"'
j The boy's lips quivered.
4- Ob, I want my papa."
j "Even it I should buy you an elc
phant nn l—and a real pony to ride in
the park?"
Tne boy hesitate.l. He was evident
ly sorely tempted. The real pony
weighed against his papa was a por
• plexing problem, but liuully he said
; stoutly:
j "L want my papa."
! "And you shall have him," said Mrs.
I Van Altiue.
I 44 But 1 want you, too."
i 44 I'm afraid you can't always have
They drew up in front of a toy shop
and Mrs. Van Alt me mid her charge
entered. They purchased an elephant,
: a tin soldier dresse I in French uni
l form, a candy cane, and tho young
; niau would havo ordered half the store
: if Mrs. Van Altino hid not prevented
it.
"Where shall I send these, madam?"
1 asked the clerk.
41 Where? I don't know. We'll take
i them. Bobby, carry this elephant."
i Bobby was only too willing to do
this, aud again they entered the ear
i ring".
44 i'o the Hotel St.Petersburg," com
manded Mrs. Van Altiue. She vaguely
remembered that many Americans
, went to this hotel. In about twenty
minutes they dashed up to this estab
iishm nt and the carriage door was
opcued by a big porter who looked
around for their luggage.
i "You can take the elephant and the
tin soldier," said Mrs. Van Altiue,
; imperiously.
The porter hesitate 1, his sense of
dignity injured, but Bobby settled
the matter by declaring:
"No; he can't have them, I'll car
ry them."
Mrs. Van Altinc and the boy en
tered I lie parlor theim and the haiul
! some American woman said; '
"Send the clerk to me."
I Bobby set the elephant of tho floor
j and seemed indifferent just then
1 whether he would bo found or not by
his bereaved pareut. The clerk ap
i peared.
"JB Mr, Steele of Cleveland stopping
i here?"
14 He is not madame?"
44 Has he been stopping here?"
j "No, madame."
"He is an American and is at some
hotel, probably. How can I tind him?
This is his boy, who is lost. '
"I. will send you a hotel register, a
list of all Americana at 'tho different
hotels."
"Thank you. That is what T want."
The list was duly forthcoming and
Mrs. Van Altine scanned it eagerly.
".Steele—Steele—let me see— Smith,
I Brown, Jones—no Steele—perhaps it
in farther down—a common uauie,
there are plenty of Steeles—Burman,
"Walker, Melville hum! Steele,
Steele—nl>. here is a Steele. Bubby,
is your fat her's name Richard?"
"Xo'rn,"
"Too bail. llow my heart jumped
when I saw that name! What if—
nonsense! By the way, Bobby, what
is your father's name?"
"Dick, ma'am."
"nick?"
"Yes'm."
"Don't yon know that Richard and
Dick are the same names?" she asked
severely.
"No'm. My uncle Silas calls my
pa Dick."
"Well, heie is u Richard Steele at
one of the hotels. We will call ami
see. But remember if your papa
doesn't want you, Bobby, you are go
ing off come and live with me."
"Do you think my pa don't want
me ?"
"Bless my little sailor, no. Why,
every golden lock must be precious to
him. Do you know what I'd do,
Bobby, if f bad a little boy like you?"
"No, ma'am."
"I'd—l'd love him to death."
At the next hotel Mrs. Van Alii 110
wns informed that Richard Steele was
stopping there; that ho had a boy;
that the aforesaid boy was lost; thut
.Mr. Steele was nearly frantic and that
he had just gone to the prefect of po
lice.
"And where is that?"
'Must across the way, madam.
"Come, Bobby, wo will surprise
him. He must bo nearly crazy."
A handsome American, thirty-five
years of age, solid and prosperous
looking, was conversing with the of
ficial in the magistrate's office.
"I will do what I can, monsieur.
The lad will bo taken in, and our sys
tem of communication ;.u such that the
fact will be known at headquarters. I
will then at once inform you of tliu
circumstances."
"Your reward shall be a handsome
one."
At this moment the clerk looked in.
"A lady to see you, monsieur."
"3ay 1 am engaged," responded the
officer.
"I did tell her that."
"Well?"
"She asked if in American gentle
man was here. I told her 'yes,' aud
she said she must come in at once."
"Very well. Show her in."
Mrs. Van Altine, a vision of glorious
womanhood, stood in the doorway
with Bobby by the hand.
"J.s this your son, sir?" she said.
Richard Steele sprang to his feet.
Bobby dropped his elephant and the
next moment was folded to his father's
breast. Mrs. Van Altine seemed
straugely moved as she regarded the
scene. Her face was overspread with
unusual pallor.
"I was not mistaken," she told her
self. "There are, truly, many Steele. 1 ;
in the world, but it must have boon
some psychic sense that caused my '
heart to beat when f heard this name.
Let me see, now; it is sixteen years
iince—and there ho stands and does
not know mo. Time, time, how you
level romance! He was slender. Now
he is stout. Ho had such a dainty
mustache. Now lie has a beard.
Ideally, he is much better looking."
These and other thoughts Hashed
through Mrs. Van Altine's mind at
thatmomeut. The American turned.
"Madam, how can I thank you?
I—"
Words failed him. Ho gazed in
growing amazement.
"Fannie!"
"Dick !"
They clasped hands. The years that
had passed were bridged by that pres
sure ol hands. Plighted faith, resent
ment, broken rows, pique, misunder
standing, separation—alJ, all vanished,
and in the sunlight of the present
they gazed gladly into each other's
eyes.
"And Bobby is—"
My boy? Yes."
"Sho wanted to keep mo, pa," said
Bobby, with the elephant clasped to
his breast.
Dick, who know all about Mrs. Van
Altine's history, bout toward her as
ho remarked: "There's away sho
could do that."
"Dear me, how Into it is getting!
So glad to have met you, Dick!
Charming to see old friends after so
many years! Goodby—no, au rovoir,
for 1 trust I shall see you. My salon,
as I call it, is quite a resort. Come
and I will introduce you to many
clever people—true Parisians."
"Who will bore me?" ho said,
bluntly.
"The same honest, outspoken Dick !"
Then as .she entered the carriage, she
said :
"You ill come?"
"To meet clever people?"
"No, to see me."
"Yes, I will come. I had intended
to leave Paris to-night—"
"But now?"
"I shall remain--so a l * to call on
you and thank you more fully for
your great service to-day."
"How adorable. You always were
charming, Dick."
".Even when—"
"When we quarrelled I Yes, indeed.
You were the most delightful man to
quarrel with I ever mot. If you had
not been— But I must be going. Be
sure and come— "
"When?"
"As early as you can."
"To-morrow night?"
"At once; to-night. I am all impa
tient to tell you a hundred things,
and—"
"I will come."
"And--bring Bobby, if you want!"
—Detroit Free Press.
The most wonderful cliff dwellings in
the United States are those &f the
ManeoF, in a Southern Colorado can
yon. Some of these caves are 500 to
600 feet from the butfeftm of 1 fie per
pendicular sides of the canyoif wall,
and how their occupants gaiued in
gress is a mystery.
AT WORK UNDER WATER.
PRESSURE MEN" HAVE TO BEAR IN
DIG-CINQ TUNNELS.
Peculiar Sensations Experienced—
rl lie Greatest Banger Lies in Corn
ing Out Into the Open Air.
IABORING on the firm earth,
C* with "all out of doors" to
V breathe, perspiring and, may
hap, grumbling at one's hard
luck, a person seldom, if ever, stops
to think that men work day after day
deep down in the water, or the mud,
with none but artificial light to guide
their movements, and only tho air
that is pumped to them to breathe.
People who work in tho open air
would havo only to work for a short
time in a diver's suit, a caisson, or an
airlock, getting a taste of what it is
like and how it feels, to bo cured for
ever of grumbling at their lot and to
thank their lucky stars that it has
boon ordniuod that they work on top
of tho earth.
The work of a diver, his sensations
while under tho water, and his ex
periences havo often been written
about, but those of tho airlock and
caisson worker have not. While he
does not fnco tho danger of fouling
pipes and lines, as does tho diver, he
stays down longer, gets warmer, and
his great danger lies in the stagnation
of blood and paralysis, resulting from
the change of atmosphere.
Mr. R. C. Rapier, of East Cambridge,
is an airlock worker, and talks most
interestingly. His work was mainly
in tho airlocks used in building the
great Hudson River tunnel. To a
Boston Herald reporter lie talked of
soino of tho sensations, dangers and
experiences.
He said that, while n man working
on tho surface of tho onrth bears up
an atmospheric pressure of fifteen
pounds to the inch, men in the locks
bear a pressure of from fifteen to fifty
pounds of compressed air, according
to tho depth. Tho heaviest pressure
ever worked under was borne by live
divers on tho Swedish coast—sixty
live pounds. Four of these died five
minutes after coming out.
While, as a general thing, tho diver
stands not nearly that amount of
pressure, and seldom stays down more
than two hours, tho men in tlio Hud
son River tunnel stood a pressure of
from forty-five to forty-six and one
half pounds, and worked on four-hour
shifts. Some men stayed down twenty
hours at a stretch, but did not work
all the time, and Superintendent Has
kius stayed down once twenty-four
hours.
Tho sensations experienced are pe
culiar. When a man first steps in
there is a tingling in tho ears and a
pain in the head, and when he talks it
in apparently through the nose. This
is caused by the pressure, ami the
remedy is to hold the nose, close the
mouth and blow against tho ears.
This relives tho pain and stops the
sensation. When the pressure is all
on tho worker feels all right and ex
periences no discomfort. Then there
is a sort of exhilaration, and a man
does more work in the lock than he
could outside.
Another peculiar thing about tho
action of the pressure is that a man
may hpvo liquor enough aboard when
outside to just make him feel jolly,
but when ho steps into the lock ho is
drunk as a loon.
Tho danger lies in coming out c' the
pressure into tho open air. It is then
that a man is apt to suffer from stag
nation of tho blood and paralysis
caused by the change of at mosphere.
Besides this u man may be attacked in
the head or stomach with severe pains.
Three out of live cases where the head
and stomach are attacked result fa
tally.
Another severe malady resulting
from tho change is what is called the
"bonds." This is the air getting in
between the flesh and the bone. It is
extremely painful, and so severe that
a quart of whisky administered in half
an hour would not intoxicate tho
patient. The stagnation and paralysis
are the worst dangers, and do the
work quickly. Many men have been
keeled over by these causes, and not a
few die. Old timers at the business
sometimes get caught. Mr. Rapier
himself was twice attacked. The rem
edy for this paralysis is n quick re
turn to the airlock.
Tho effect of the pressure varies on
animals, as is shown by the mules
used in the Hudson River tunnel.
Homo of these boasts are kept at work
down below for a year, and on being
brought up are worth more than when
they were taken down. Others that
had only been in tho works four
mouths had to bo killed.
The men, as a general thing, do not
remain a great many years at tho
business, and a man should never
work at it after lio is forty years of
ago.
Cutting a holo and buildiug a tun
nel through water is an extremely dif
ficult thing, and by many was thought
to be impossible. Still, it was done
in the caso of tho Hudson River tun
nel, and the method, as told by Mr.
Rapier, is very interesting.
The work on the tunnel had pro
gressed until a body of water was
struck. How to tunnel through this
hole of water was a puzzling question.
It was done this way: A so-called bal
loon was constructed by making a net
ting of wire rope aud covering this
netting with canvas. The interior of
the balloon was then filled with blue
clay and salt hav. When filled, the
balloon,thirty feet in diameter, weighed
140 pounds. Tho hole of water was
then located, and with tli3 aid of a
huge steam derrick the nalloon was
dropped into the hole. Then several
tcow loads of dirt were dumpe 1 down
onto the balloon, and the whole tiling
was left to settle. At the end of ten
days the work of cutting through the
balloon was begun. This was a very
difficult job. An idea of whnt hnrd
cutting it was may be gained from tho
fact that it took months to dig through
the thirty feet; the plates and brick
were going in as the work progressed.
SCIENTIFIC AM) INDUSTRIAL.
Agate is successfully imitated.
Fossil bisons have been unearthed
in Kentucky.
Porcelain is to Vie substituted for
gold in filling teeth.
The whale is a warm-blooded, air
breathing, milk-giving animal.
Bedroom windows should never be
entirely closed if the person occupy
ing the room is strong.
When ants show great activity it may
almost bo invariably depended upon
that rain will follow within twelve
hours.
"Tissus Microbicides," warranted to
keep out tho most preserving bacillus,
are being sold by some of the chief
Parisian shops.
Indian corn, or maize, never has an
uneven number of rows of grain, be
cause it has opposite radicals of growth
from the co-center.
One of the new rifles uSed by tho
Italian soldiers sends a ball with force
enough to go through live inches of
solid oak at a distance of 1000 feet.
According to M. Flammarion, tho
great astronomer, the mean tempera
ture of Paris for the past six years has
been two degrees below the normal.
A German officer has invented a motor
in which a lino stream of coal dust is
utilized to drive a piston by explosion
in tho same manner as tho gas iu the
gas engine.
Aluminium bronze consists of ninety
per cent, copper and ten per cent,
aluminium, and possesses a tensile
strength of 90,000 pounds. It can be
worked in the same manner as steel.
The idea of an ancient tropical con
tinent at the South Pole, uniting South
America, Madagascar and Australia,
continues to arouse considerable in
terest and discussion iu scientific
circles.
Professor Dowar has demonstrated
that metals augment their magnetic
qualities and increase in strength by
diminution of temperature. Iron at
ISO degrees can endure double its nor
mal tensile strain.
There is a mystery about tho method
of motion of condors that has never
been explained. They have been seen
to circle to and fro in tho sky, half a
day at a time, rising and descending
without once Happing a wing.
Touch the convex side of a watch
glass upon filter so as to leave a drop
hanging on tho glass. Pour a little
ether into the concave side and blow
upon it. The rapid evaporation of the
other will render tli" glass so coldth.it
the drop of water will be frozen.
Lieutenant F. Boyer, of tho French
navy, to avoid collisions, proposes to
introduce at tho top on all fast sailing
steamers an electric light which will
cast a beam ahead to indicate the di
rection in which the vessel is steering.
So long as tho approaching ship was
not in the actual pencil of light it
would bo unnecessary to alter her
course.
A new anthropometric test of sensi
tiveness has been designed by Dr. Gal
ton. A band of color, showing all tho
I sixty-fivo shades of blue, is slowly
| passed before the eyes, and tho sub
! ject innkos a dot for every shade de
j tected. As far as the experiments
| have proceeded only about twenty
shades are generally discovered. In
I one case, however, a dyer deteoted
about forty.
A fish exerts its great propulsive
i power with its tail, not. its tins. Tho
! pnddlewheel was mado on tho fin
j theory of propulsion, and the screw
propeller had its origin in noting tho
action of the tail. It is now shown
that tho tins of tho tail actually per
form tho evolutions desoribod by the
propeller blades, ami that tho fish in
its sinuous motion through the water
depends on tho torsional action of tho
I tail to give it power.
Rent lor Made Land.
Tho St. Louis courts havo recently
decided a case of no little interest to
tho dwellers oil the batiks of rivers
where new land is likely to bo mado.
Mrs. Anna D. Allen owns 145 acres of
land at the point where the river Des
Peres enters the Mississippi, and she
leased it to tho St. Louis, Iron Moun
tain and Southern. Later soveuty-tivo
acres was added to this tract by ac
cretions from the Mississippi. Tho
company has a transfer ut this point
and was compelled to cross the new
land in transferring cars. It, how
ever, refused to pay rent for the land
embraced in the new formation, on
the ground that it was not embraced
in the lease. Judge Dillon held that
the accretions had become a part of
tho original tract, and, inasmuch as
the company had used tho land, it was
liable for rent. The laud was valued
by experts at $l5O per acre, and judg
ment was given against the railroad
upon the basis of six per cent, on this
valuation. —New Orleans Picayune.
Humming Bird Killed by n Bpo,
A humming bird was killod by tho
sting of a bee in Wisconsin not long
ago. A boo keeper noticed a pair of
ruby-throated humming birds flying
around tho entrance of one of the
hives. Soon a bee mado its appear
ance from within. One of the birds
seized it tore it apart and seemed to
bo feeding on something found in the
bee. Just then another bee came out
.Hew and alighted on the bajk of the
bird. The latter gave a kind of spas
modic shudder, flew a few feet side
wise, landed at tho foot of a currant
| bush, and w is 'lev!, apparently killed
by the sting of the bee.—New York
I Bun.
IN A SUGAR. REFINERY.
PROCESSES 3Y WHICH THE RAW
SUGAR 13 REFINED.
Terrific Heat Endured by Sonic of
the Workmen -bile in the Drying
Dooms—Frightful Toil.
IT is doubtful if there is any other
group of buildings in or near
New York where the fearful di fli
rt oulties under which men labor
for the bare privilege of living, are s i
plainly shown an they are ill the
towering, forbidding, fortress-like
structures 011 the East Diver front of
Brooklyn, owned by the American
Sugar Defining Company, better
known as the Sugar Trust.
The big buildings cover a space of
four blocks on both sides of Kent
avenue, from South First to South
Fifth streets, and on the west side of
the avenue extend to the river front,
their grimy, dull-rod walls extending
seventeen stories above the street
level. A close inspection of the
Havemeyer refineries is necessary to
a thorough realization ot the im
mensity of the establishment, and
this group is one of the refining places
owned by the trust. It li is no equal
in size; or in the amount of its busi
ness in the limits of the Greater New
York. The employes of the great
concern are disciplined with rules m
strict as those which govern an
army. If one attempts to get into
the refineries he meets the discipline
in the shape of a gruff watchman an 1
a club, and a call at the offices reveals
it in the shape of a more or "less polite
negative from the clerks, who will say
that they cannot answer questions.
There are about 3000 men employed
in the big refineries, and these are
•divided into day and night shifts.
About 5 o'clock in the morning half
of the force can be seen filing down
into the basement of one of the great
buildings. Work is begun im
mediately, and continued until 5 in
the evening, when the men are sup
plied with cheeks, showing that tliey
were on hand when work begun.
The majority of the workmen are
Poles and Hungarians, and the severity
of their labors is shown by the fact
that they are nearly all thin sm I
stooped, and rarely above middle sigo,
it being a well-known fact that men
employed in the refineries rarely live
to old age. They are nearly new im
migrants when first employed, and be
fore work is given them they must be
fouud perfectly docile and obedient.
The rules of the refineries are laid
down to the applicant for employment,
and he is told that ho will receive
$1.12, $1.25 or §1.50 a* the ease may
bo, for the first year, and then, if his
work is satisfactory, he may receive
an additional five or ten cents a day.
The niau is assigned to work in one of
the many departments and if ha lias
received the "tip'' from friends of his
own nationality before going to work,
he trembles lest the, cdiet may con
demn him to the "dry room." It if
bo that, however, lie receives it. with
characteristic stolidity, an I is thank
ful for an opportunity to earn his mis
erable pittance, even under such ter
rible circumstances.
When ilie raw sugar is dumped from
the ship in which it is brought to the
refineries it is placed in a great cistern
near tne river's edge, and is dissolved
in hot water. From this vat a sweet,
sticky steam constantly, arises, and
every little while a workmau, dressed
in overalls and an undershirt, pops
out from it, and in a minute or so pops
back again, and is lost, to sight in the
moist cloud. The liquid is pumped
up to the top story of the pile, pass
ing through a wire strainer, which re
moves auy particles of size which may
be in it, and is emptied into great cop
per receptacles heated to 2(US or 2ld
degrees Fahrenheit, known as boilers.
The .process of boiling requires con
siderable skill, and the men who have
charge of it. are paid §IOO or $l5O it
month, the number receiving the lat
ter figure being extremely limited,
only one man in a hundred who re
ceives employment in the refineries
becoming a boiler, which is the highest
ambition of the workmen.
The boiling and bubbling sugar is
passed down through funnels to the
next floor, where it is emptied into a
box, the bottom of which consists o'
two thicknesses of canvas, one bciu ;
coarse, the other fine. This thorough
ly filters the stuff, and the room is
kept at a terrific temperature in order
that the liquid sugar may flow freely,
and not become cool and thick. On
the floor below is another great cop
per tauk, some twenty-five fee deep
and nearly tilled with bone black.
This purifies the sugar, and, after be
ing used for a few hours, becomes sur
charged with foulness, and is sent to
the lower floor, where it is burned
again. The sugar, which is still kept
at a temperature of about 150 degrees,
is passed into another receptacle,
which is made airtight, and the aic
and steam are exhausted l>y means of
a pump. As soon as the sugar is gr.nv
ulated, if it is to bo soft, it is let oil
by means of centrifugal mills. If not,
it is passed on to the great plates to
bo dried.
The rooms in which the drying is
carried on are veritable infernos. No
man can stay in them over ten min
utes without falling down utterly
prostrated by the terrific heat. No
one but au employe is ever allowed
within these walls, and no one but mi
employe would dare to go in tliaai
when the heat is on and the sugar is
drying. Clothing is discarded, with
the exception of a "breech clout" and
shoes, anil there is absolutely no ven
tilation, as the windows are kept
tightly closed, and at the windows m
other woms which are open the men
may be seen gasping for breath, and
witu their hair and bodies as wet as if
they had been plunged in the East
Diver, in their snort respite from their
frightful toil.—New York Tribune.