FREELAND TRIBUNE.
PUBLISH KI) EVEUY
MONDAY AND THURSDAY.
'RHOS. A. BUCKLEY,
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.
OFFICE: MAIN STREET ABOVE CENTRE,
SUBSCRIPTION RATES.
One Your $1 60
Six Months 75
Four Months 50
Two Months 25
Subsoriliers arc requested to observe the date
following the name on tho labels of their
papers. Uy referring to this they can tell at a
glance how they stand on the bookß in this
ofßco. For instance:
(Jrover Cleveland i!SJ\ineU'
means that Grover Is paid up to June 2S. IWUi.
Keep the figures in advance of the present dnte.
Report promptly to this ollice when your paper
is not received. All arrenraK** must bo paid
when paper is discontinued, or collection will
tie? mode in the manner provided by law.
Miss Edna llcan I'roctor, poetess,
wants to be known as the npostlo of
maize as tho national llower. She
considers Indian com as being the
most distinctive American hroduet.
It is said that the Historical Society
of Pennsylvania has the most complete
collection of Aniercau Colonial laws
in the United States. It was made by
Charlemagno Towers and includes the
laws of tho Danish and British West
Indies.
Columbia College, .Vow York City,
is now in tho 140 th year of its exist
ence. It has an endowment of $lO,-
001),000, and spends annually about
$500,000 for educational purposes. It
has 225 professors, instructors and tu
tors. Over sixteen hundred students
from all parts of the United Spates and
from many foreign countries, attend
the lectures and recitations in iis va
rious courses.
The now opera hnuso at Guanajuato
will be opened September 15. It has
been in course of construction twenty
years and when completed will have
cost $850,000. The theatre will bo
one of the iiuest in the world, and it
is stated that with the exception of the
Auditorium in Chicago and the Abbey
Theatre in New York there are none
that will surpass it in elegance. slex
icau mechanics only have been em
ployed in its construction, witli the
exception of the eloetric light appara
tus. The opera house is owned by tko
state.
If thero wore to bo an etjual divi
sion of property in the United States
as some of tho socialists recommend,
each man, woman and child would re
ceive $1,03!) as his share, according to
the valuation of Unelu Sam's real es
tate and personal property in the cen
sus returns. In 1850 tho total valu
ationwas a little over $7,000,01)0, or
S3OB per capita of population. In
1860 it was $10,000,000,000, of ssll
per capita. In 1870 it was $30,000,-
000,000, or S7BO per capita. In 1880
it was $43,500,000,000, or SB7O per
enpita, while in 1800 it was $65,037,-
001,000, or $1,03!) per capita, an in
crease of 40.02 per (rent in ten years.
If all equal division of our wealth
should be made in less than a week a
few men would have it all and tho
majority would have nothing.
The New York Tribune savs: "Tho
good influence of the Columbian Inhi
bition is seen in tho increased intern t
taken by tho people of tho United
States in showing their industries to I
the outside world. Hitherto we have
rarely done ourselves justice at world's
fairs, but tho good effect of the exam
ple of Europe in Chicago last year is
shown at tho great llolgian Exhibition
which lias just opened at Ant
werp. An American corporation has
erected on the most choice site of tho
grounds nn edifice second only to the
chief exhibition buildings. American
manufacturers have set up display fac
tories, and the principal industries of
tho country liavo adequate represen
tation. With the exception of tho
Belgians themselves no people will ap
pear to better advantage than those of
tho United States."
Tho introduction of am. ll„tios
marked a great eru in the pro ~- s „f
surgery. Before tho effects of chloro
form and other were known it was
the great object of the surgeon to
operate rapidly, so as to keep the pa
tient in pain as little time as possible
No time was wasted in deliberation', !
and the knife and saw were used with- I
out stopping to check tho flow of I
blood. But that has all boon changed.
Now the patient breathes in th i vapor
of nn anaesthetic forn few minutes,and
sinking into a deep sleep, lies a mo
tionless,unconscious body, upon which
the operator can work carefully and
deliberately. Ho knows tlmt ho is
causing no pain, and can take all tho
time necessary to make thu careful
explorations and carry out tho numer
ous precautions which are now known
be necessary to secure tho best re
sults.
CH A PTEROFHORRORS
FIRST WITCHCRAFT ARREST IN
SALEM, MASS.
The Most Famous Outbreak of Thin If:" nT "
ant Folly—A Tragic Tlmo of Popular
j Madness and Superstition— l lie Terrible
Death of Giles Corey.
Two Hundred Voars Ago,
There is nothing more incompre-
I betisible to a mini nowadays than tho
belief in witchcraft and demoniac
, I possess on which, during preceding
i, ages, was religiously held by the ma
| jurity of people, l'ersecutions for
religion's sako ono can understand;
' one can appreciate the process of rea
son which makes them possible, hut
that any intelligent human being
could have ever Iclicved in witch
craft and have tortured unfortunato
victims as witches, is almost incon
ceivable. And yet the fact remains
that until a very recent period no
WITEHE OII.US COREY WAR EXECUTED.
one doubted that old women might
have commerce with the devil, and
by him bo empowered to work ill to
whomsoever they wished; nonedouht
ed that witches should be condemned
to death or should be tortured to dis
cover whether they were ically serv
ants of the evil one. It only needed
some boy who wished to stay home
from school to begin to spit pins to
drive a whole community to mad
ness; it only needed some unscrupu
lous person to have a dislike against
another, and accuse such a one of
witchcraft-, to insure the victim's
death, more or loss speedily. This
country has seen outbreaks of this
ignorant superstitions several times,
hut the most famous took place at
Salem, Mass. It is a little over 200
vcars since the first arrests were made
there on the charge of witchcraft,
and, consequently, a short account of
the craze will not he uninteresting.
Tha Ikwitched Children.
Rev. Samuel Harris was minister
over the church at Salem In the year
1989. In several ways he had man
aged to get a part of the congrega
tion against him and his influence
was fast becoming a thing of the past.
It was necessary, he felt, to cause a
diversion in his favor and in some
way regain the ground lie had lost.
It happened liy chance in the winter
of 1091-'92 that a number of children
used to come to Mr. Harris' house to
play with his little ones and with his
Indian servant. Tituba. This maid,
in play apparently, used to instruct
tho children in palmistry and they
became quite skilled in the art. The
people did not understand what was
being done and rumors began to ho
hoard of traffic with thedevil. These
became stronger when tho parents of
the children called in the village
physician who gave it as his opinion
that tho children wore bewitched.
Feeling spread like flame and an oc
currence in tho village church soon
fanned the blaze. This was nothing
less than tho interruption of sermon
and prayers. "There is a yellow bird
sitting on the minister's hat," cried
one child. ".Stand up and name your
text," shouted another to the minis
ter. "Gome enough of that," broke
in a third, as Mr. Harris hesitated in
his prayer.
Mr. Harris took advantage of tho
popular uneasiness to divert feeling
from himself, and summoned min
isters from the neighboring towns to
a conference at his house. They de
cided that the children were un
doubtedly bewitched and must be
examined as to tho author of the
spell. The children accused Tituba,
Sarah Good and Sarah Ostium. The
two latter wore old, bed-ridden
women, nevertheless they were ar-
I
1
M\ I
~ , "ij V-"' 1
! hi '
"EIGHT FIREIIRASnB OF HELL."
rested, and examined by tho magis
l rates March 1, 1992. Tituba con
fossi-d that she was a witch and told
of midnight rides on broomsticks and
various other things of the same sort.
The other women denied the charge,
hut, as the children screamed when
ev-r 111-ought into their presence,
their assertions were not believed.
Dent>t of Hdvrrnl Victims.
A special court was now appointed
bv tie- Governor of Massachusetts,
Sir William Hhlpps, to try these
witchcraft cases and it opened in
June, 1992. A law of James I.
against witchcraft was revived -a
law which had become obsolete —and
under this statute these judicial
murders were done.
Tituba and the other two women
were bat the first victims, and others
followed, persons of much greater
Importance In the community. Next
..■line Martha Corey and Bebecca
Muse. The former had said that
die did not believe the children were
bewitched; the latter was one of the
most devout and spotless women of
Salem. They were both accused,
md, with the rest, thrown into Jail.
J'he two latter, with six othcis, were
hanged Sept. 9. Before her execu
tion Mrs. Nurse was solemnly excom
municated and cut oIT from tho
:hurch. As the eight bodies swung
from the tree where they were left
to hang, Rev. Mr. Noyes pointed to
them as ho passed some distance be
low, saying to his followers; "What a
sad thing it is to see eight firebrands
Df hell hanging there!"
lilies Corey's Terrible Fate.
It would be too long to particular
ize every case, but it may bo said
that, during this excitement, in Sa
lem alone nineteen persons suffered
loath—six nun, one a clergyman, and
thirteen women. Of all these deaths
probably the most horrible was that
af Giles Corey. lie was an old man
SO years of age, who bad been af
fected by the popular madness, and
his accusations had had inlluonee in
convicting his wife. Seeing what
had been done ho confessed he had
been misled, upon which he was In
burn accused of witchcraft. Thrico
was he brought into court, but he re
fused to open his mouth. Ho was
then taken to a spot on the high
road, a picture of which is here given
is it now appears, and pressed to
death. He wasstripped of his clothes,
laid upon a board and another was
placed on top of him. Tho magis
trates then put heavy weights and
stones on his body until life was ex
tinct. He prayed them, it is said, to
put on as heavy ones as possible and
shorten his agony.
An End of tho Craze.
Hut tho end was near, and what
finally turned the tide was the accu
sation of Mrs. Hale, wife of a minis
ter at Beverly. In October charges
were brought against her, but she
was so unanimously regarded as a
?ood woman and tho people were so
heartily sick of liov. Mr. Harris and
the bewitched children that a reac
tion was only natural. In January,
1993, three more persons were tried
in court and condemned, but no exe
cutions took place, ami they, with
those in jail, 150 people in all, were
'. _ ,
I Wj
HOUSE WHERE THE WTTCIICHAET CHA7.B
FIRST STARTED IN SAI.KM
freed the following May. The ex
jiteraent died a natural death; a
surfeit followed the repletion of
slaughter.
Rev. Mr. Harris was tried by tho
church in April to llnd out what con
nection be had with the craze. Ho
could make no satisfactory defense
ind was dismissed from tho pastor
ate. He wandered about, preaching
wherever people would listen to hint,
and finally died at Sudbury in 1720.
With his death the curtain falls upon
this tho strangest and most tragic
chaptor in American history and one
which no man can read without a
feeling of devout thankfulness that
his lot is east not In an age of vio
lence and superstition, hut In one of
quietness and peace.
When We May Fly.
What is now required is that tho
field of research and experiment
should no longer be left to unpractical
enthusiasts, as for tho most part It
has been of yore. It is high time
that really competent and well-in
formed mechanical engineers should
follow the example of Mr. Maxim and
Hrof. Langley by turning their at
tention to the subject. Once let
this bo done and 1 am satisfied that
the problem will be in a fair way of
solution and cannot fail ultimately
of a satislactory Issue.
Nevertheless, after some consider,
able study of tho question, I have a
persuasion amounting to a conviction
that whatever partial or temporary
success may attend all such machines
us Mr. Maxim's, which depend upon
locomotion through the air for sus
taining power in it, the ultimate
solution of the problem will be some
thing different. 'lhat is, I believe
that a really gate, workable, and
reliable Hying machine must be based
upon tho principle of dissociating the
stable vertical suspension In the air,
If required, from horizontal locomo
tion through it. Such a machine
must be capable of rising vertically
in the air In a dead calm, and re
maining suspended in it, as apart
from, or In addition to, any question
of horizontal locomotion through tho
air.
Moreover, it must ho so constructed
that no possible breakdown or failure
in any engine, or in any part of the
gear, will endanger the lives of the
passengers. But theso conditions
will no doubt involve a considerable
further reduction in the ratio of
weight carried to power developed
in the motor, and for this we must
bo content to await the further
progress of science.
Once let this vital issue of stablo
suspension In tho air he satisfactorily
achieved in a really sound, safe, and
reliable way, and tho consequences
which will follow from the new de
parture are enormous and incal
culable. —Cop temporary Review.
AN' EXTRAORDINARY COAT.
GERMANY'S MILITARY AUTHORI
TIES FIND IT IS 3ATTLEPROOF.
Too Clumsy for Soldiers* Wear, but
May Prove a Valuable Protection
In Fortresses and Hatteries.
WHEN Herr Dowe, tailor of
Mannheim, announced
last autumn that ho had
succeeded in devising a
coat that was absolutely bulletproof, his
statement was received with general
incredulity. Most people thought that
tho "invention" was nothing more
than an advertisement or a "fake" of
some kind, and tho German War Of
fice authorities declined even to ex
amine it. Tailor Dowe then resolved
to convince au unbelieving generation
by means of experiments which could
not bo gainsaid. The police would
not allow him to give a public exhi
tion, so at lirst he gave a private se
auco during which, cla l iu his coat,
ho allowed himself to be twice shot at
with an army rifle, tho bullet each
time remaining imbedded i u the armor.
Those experiments were followed by
others of a similar kind before the
Surgeons' Congress then in session in
Berlin, and again in presence of the
Russian Ambassador. Bullets, it is
said, which were fired at Dowe'sbreast
failed to injure him, even those hav
ing steel points being turned aside or
(lattonod by the cloth.
It is said to have been observed dur
ing the trials that the stool point of
the projectile dropped as soon as the
bullet struck, and that the lead con
tents fell in a liquid form. On cooling
down the lead became a large ill
shaped mass, the steel coating flat
tening down to the shape of a short
tube. The reports of theso extraor
dinary experiments caused great pub
lic excitement, and when tho coat was
placed on exhibition in Berlin it drew
' crowds of curious sightseers.
At last tbe German War Office took
the, matter up, aud Herr Dowe sub
mitted his material to tests before au
exclusively military assembly, which
included twenty officers of the War
Ministry, general staff aul the ar
tillery and engineers, besides the
President of tho Germau Ride Testing
Committee, who took precautions to
have a genuine test. Two non-oom
onssioned officers of the Jager Bat
talion at Coluiar were present with
their own rifles. The cartridges to be
used were brought in sealed packages.
Herr Dowe was willing to offer himself
as a target, but this was refused ou
the ground that a slight mistake
might cause au accident. Tho bullet
proof stuff was placed against a block
af oak on a table in such away that
it formed an obtuse angle with the
table top. It was desired to see
whether tho bullet stuek fast iu the
stuff or whether it would rebound at
the same angle as that at which it j
struck. Tho sergeaut's rillo was load- !
cd bv Lieutenant-Colonel Briukuiann, 1
and tho former thou tired two shots at
the centre of tho object. Tho bullets
stuck fast iu tho stuff. After this
Sharpshooter Martin, with his military
rifle, fired a shot, this riflo also being
loaded by tho lieuteuaut-eolouel. Al- j
together fourteen shots wore fired at j
a distance of only ton* paces. They
struck different spots, some close to j
the edge. Tho hack of the stuff
showed no signs of being pierced ami
tho opinions exchanged among those
present after tho experiments were
very favorable.
One fact which these repented trials
have made clear, and which is ad
mitted by the inventor himself, is
that his material cannot bo used as a
coat. The stuff is about half an inch
thick and is not flexible, HO that it
cannot be used as a garment. Dowe's
own idea is that liis stuff, which one
; correspondent has described as a wire
netting oncused in a cemontliko mass,
should be made into plates of which
every soldier would carry one in his
knapsack, and at tho commeuceinont
of a light fasten it to that part of the
hod}' which most required protection.
That the material seems likely to
prove of value as a shield or screen
against bullets is shown by tho deter
mination of the Gorman War Oiliee to
coutiuue the tests with a view to util
izing the invention in fortresses au l
ship batteries. Tho so-called coat
with which Herr Do wo has conducted
his experiments weighs six pounds
and costs fifteen marks, or about $ 5 to
manufacture.
Two rivals to Tailor Dowo arc in tho
field. One of these is a fellow citi
zen of Mannheim, a certain Herr
Hoidei, who claims to have invented
a material which is much lighter and
cheaper, besides being adapted for in
sertion into ordiu iry uniforms. The
other is an Austrian euginocr named
Scarnes, who brought out a similar
invention some years ago. His work
was rather pooh-poohed by the mili
tary authorities, and he did not im
prove his position iu regard to thorn
by using insulting lauguage which
landed him iu prison, bub he claims
nevertheless to have invented a coat of
mail such that the now steel cased bul
let on striking it was torn to'pieces,
the penetrating force of the projectile
being absolutely annihilated. "The
means by which I achieved this," he
said, in a recent interview, "were very
simple. I used hemp hydraulically
pressed over which I laid a sort of
railing of flattened English wire,
Against which tho bullet must strike
after it has been heated by its passage
through the barrel of the rifle. This
heat is vastly increased by tho force
of the concussion agaiust the steel
grating and the bullet is broken up
into bits.
"The fundamental principle of my
system," licrr Scarues went on, "is
its enormous elasticity. Hard, com
pact bodies are not fitted for protect
ing persons or things against projec
tiles from tho new rifles; their soft
ness jijp] elasticity are characteristics
indispensable to efficaciousness. This
iR why my invention is of great ser
vice, or, at least, will prove itself of
great service in the protection of
cruisers, line of battle ships, etc., for,
among other advantages, it can render
them proof against rammers, as well
as against such accidents as befell tho
Germau war ships on the coral reefs
around Samoa. If it he increased in
thickness to the needful dimensions it
will take tho place of steel armor on
men-of-war. For the force of elasticity
which it would then develop would bo
enormous. It would not split or break
as steel plates often do. Now hemp,
when pressed liydraulically, loses its
inflammable properties and becomes
fireproof; and UH it is likewise a very
bad conductor of heat it is admirably
adapted to keep the interior of tho
ship cool iu summer and warm in
winter.
"Then, agaiu, lifeboats constructed
of this stuff arc, by reason of its
toughness and elasticity, absolutely
indestructible, and the dangers during
the launching iu stormy weather and
from striking against a rock are, if
my material bo employed, wholly re
movod. Even straw, when treated ac
cording to my method, can be used to
great advantage for numerous pur
poses for which at present more costly
and less serviceable materials are cm
ployed— for the construction of light,
transportable barracks, for example,
touts, vcraiulas, etc. lam now carry
ing out an order received from the
Hoard of Hungarian State Railways
for the supply of 10) square metres of
such isolating screens made of straw,
for the protection of wine in railway
vans, etc. I can assure you that if
passenger carriages were constructed
with my material (hydraulically
pressod hemp), fastenod, instead of
wood, to the iron frame, no accidents
attended with loss of life would bo
I possible."
Ilerr Scarnes believes that tho littlo
| "Mannheim tailor," as he scornfully
calls his Germau rival, has appropri
ated his invention, though this does
not harmonize with Dowe's statement
that he discovered his composition ac
cidentally while experimenting with a
totally different object in view.
Herr Dowo is a native of Westphalia
and is thirty-four years of age. When
six years old he was employed as a
shepherd's boy, but afterward learned
the trade of a tailor. He was so poor
when he made his discovery that he
had to borrow tho revolver with which
his first experiments were made. Rut
the days of his poverty would now
seem to he over, for it is reported
that a Berliu syndic it i has purchased
his invention for a big sum.—New
York llerald.
WISE WORDS.
Public opinion is a tyrant and a
coward.
Public sontimout is a manufactured
product.
Wisdom and women are not homo
geneous.
Most women aro liable to explode
at any moment.
Tho "promoter" is one who blows
soap bublos for grown up children.
Tho scoundrel best knows how much
misery may he brought by success.
We pity a mail who "goes to the
dogs," without a thought for tho dogs.
Absolute contentment is absolute
rest, and absolute rest is annihilation.
It is fortunate for plutocracy that
muscle is as slow to act as labor is to
learn.
Homo faces arc constant reminders
of a bow of black ribbon on tho knu>
of tho door.
Tho littlo wheel must turn faster
than the largo wheel in order to m iko
the same pace.
A man with one bal habit always
has two—the habit itself anil the habit
of lying about it.
Tho l'fo of happiness is still hope,
for on the summit of the highest hap
piness is the hope of one yet higher.
Tho light words of the talkative per
son are not meaningless, but their
moaning is by n J means complimen
tary to the talker.
There are two reasons why some
people don't mind their own business.
One is that they haven't any mind;
the other, that they haven't uuy busi
ness.
Civilized communities aro divided
into two equally daugerous classes;
those who find fault and do nothing,
aud those who hud office and do every
body.
Like ft nettle fastenod in tho smock
is that irretrievably faulty 0110 of
kith who has virtues which canuobh>
denied and generosity which will no
bo repulsed.
There is a balance iti nature whiol
might ho called a recompense. Til
repose is iu proportion to the wear! *
ness, the flow has its rellux, an 1 thl
mental scale dips equally with iti
weight of pleasure or pain.
Ask not a prophet where he obtained
his authority, or a reformer his dele
gation. The word was put iu the
mouth, the handle ot' tho plowshare
was placed in the hand, an l upon the
shoulders was laid the btirdeu of the
world.
Wlicro Railway Tariffs Aro High.
The highest railway tariffs iu the
world, outside of the Panama lliil
road, prevail ou the Congo River lUil
way, in Africa. Its present length is
twenty-live miles, and it charges $lO
tor the one-way through trip, or forty
cents per mile, first-class. The rates
lor second-;-lassaccomtno lation, which
means standing up iu freight oars, is
sl, or four cents a mile,--Han Fran
cisco Chronicle.
Tho world's coal fields already
known and worked contain coal enough
to last for u thousand years.
pSSIi
Tho latest fad among tho protty
girls is to talk woman suffrago.
Lilly Langtry, tho actress, claims
to bo only forty-oue years old.
Women gardeners are in great de
mand in England and Germany.
Butterfly bows aro vory popular this
season, and are seon on almost every
thing. !
Iu Holland an attempt is being
in ado to pass a bill allowing women tc
bo elected to Parliament.
Mrs. Cleveland, wife of tho Presi
dent, dresses her hair in tho style
known as the "Diana knot."
The Baroness Emma Sporri, of Nor
way, is said to bo tho best known wo
man painter in northern Europe.
Queen Victoria liai sixty pianos at
Osborne, Windsor aud Buckingham
Palace. Many of them are hired.
liosa Young, a direct descendant of
ono of tho Pitcairn mutineers aud a
woman of more than usual intelligence,
is writing a history of tho Pitcairn
colony.
The first woman to bo elocted a
member of the Yacht Racing Associa
tion of Great Britaiu is Miss Mabel
Cox, of Southampton, who owns tho
cutter Fiera.
Madam Marches., of Paixs, is tho
most famous vocal teacher in the world.
She has trained nearly all the great
singers of this generation, including
Melba, Calve and Eames.
The jewels of Mme. Totrazzinc, tho
most famous prima donna in South
America, were recently seized for
debt, when it was found that all tho
gems wero made of paste.
Miss Baker, who is professor of
Greek and Latin at Simpson College,
Indiana, is only thirty-two, and it is
said that when she was fourteen she
translated one of the plays of /TSachylus.
Miss Charlotte M. Youge, tho Eng
lish writer, is tall aud inclined to
! stoutness. Her hair is white—sho is
now in her seventies—and sho has
largo dark brown eyes that are full of
expression.
It is said that the Khedive's mother
has picked out as a brido for her son
the Princess Naimo, daughter of the
Sultan of Turkey, who was born in
1876, and is said to bo beautiful and
highly cultured.
Tho Empress of Austria has a pa
thetic delusion. Sho faucios that hor
unhappy sou, the Crown Prince Ru
dolph, is still a baby. A big doll has
been given hor, which she fondles au l
keeps constantly by hor.
Satin ribbon, three inches wide,
folded to the width of tho ordinary
collar and fastened at the side in a
saucy butterfly bow, is a change froni
the shirred velvet collar, that has re
ceived the approval of Mama le la Mo le.
Miss Alice E. Hayden, of Madison,
Wis., lias distiuguishe I herself and
surprised her neighbors by shooting a
big wildcat. Miss Hayden, although
a fragile Eastern girl, haudles a rillo
with the easo an I skill of an old hun
ter.
Tho Priuc33S Beatrice closely fol
lows all the topical songs, and after
i dinner at Balmoral tho Queon fre
quently listens to a medley of popular
airs pluyod by the Princess, who in
; all theatrical matters is thoroughly up
to date.
The estate of "Priucess" Kaiulani,
accor liug to a late report of her trus
tee, is not vory extensive. It consists
of something like a bushel of jewols,
some sugar stock, a little real estate
and a small interest in tho property
left by her mother.
"A Contost of Silonce" is the novol
entertainment to bo given by the mem
bers of a woman's sewing society iu
Indianapolis. Last year tho lirst wo
man to speak was quiet for only throo
minutes. Tho winner held her tongue
for ninotcou minutes and twenty
seconds.
Mrs. Susan Stewart nracmetou,
Milwaukee, Wis., has attaiued great
distinction as a potter. She is Presi
dent of tho National League of Min
eral Paintors, and is tho author of a
work which is used as a text book at
the South Kensington Art Museum,
London.
The Empress Frederick has induced
Berlin societies of amateur photog
raphers to co-operate in bringing
about an international exhibition of
photographs by amateurs in 1895.
Her Majesty has undertaken to be a
patroness, aud has requested Princess
Henry to act as her substitute on the
committee.
A blonde requires a softer shade of
greou than tho brunette. Too bright
a hue would givo to the fair-haired,
fair skinued womau a swallow washed
out look. But it is well to know that
this color, as well as all others, can be
softonod aud rendered wearable by
either typo of beauty if judiciously
combinod with white.
Little Kitty Blauk, aged four,
painted her doll's choeks with brick
dust and water and blackened dolly's
eyebrows with ink. An auut iu the
family, who rouged her oheoks aud
pencilled her eyebrows, believing that
Kitty was attempiug a caricature, beat
her cruelly. The people of Still
water, Mich., warned tho cruel aunt
to leavo town.
Tho wodding cake of Princess Vic
toria Melita was of a royal height. It
was mixed, baked, decorated and
shipped to Coburg by Messrs. Hun
ter. A photograph is appended. It
htands five feet six inches in height,
and weighs a hundred and fifty
pounds, being, therefore, a little big
ger and a little heavier than the bride
herself.
SCIENTIFIC AMI INDUSTRIAL.
The spots on the eun wero first ob
served in 1611.
In South America rain frequently
falls in torrents from a clear sky.
Tho metals which have been proved
to exist in the sun are iron, sodium,
nickle, copper, zinc and marium.
A species of ape, closely resembling
the African gorilla, lias been discov
ered on tho Mosquito coast, Nicar
agua.
One mile of wire, such as is used in
tho manufacture of hair springs for
watches, would weigh le3s than half a
pound.
Artificial ice is now so made iu
Franco that upon giving it a rap it
will separate into small cubes instead
of irregular lumps.
The lines over which it is proposed
to lay submarine telegraph cables are
now as carefully surveyed as any line
of proposed raiiroad.
A doctor says in time tho lungs of
Pittsburg folks get a very dark hue,
on account of the sooty smoke they are
obligod to breath constantly.
A late theory of catching cold is
that when one enters a cold room after
being heated tho bacteria in tho room
Hock to the warm body and enter it
through open pores of tho skiu.
An astronomer calculates that if tho
diameter of the sun is daily diminished
by two feet, over 3000 years must
elapse cro tho astrouomical instru
ments now in use could detect the
dimunition.
Since the beginning of this century
no less tliau fifty-two volcanic islands
have risen out of tho sea; nineteen
disappeared, being submergod; tho
others remain, and ten are now in
habited.
Tho colors of the chameleon do not
change instantaneously, but require
a considerable length of time. The
change is a provision of nature for the
protection of a helpless animal from
innumerable enemies.
The strongest animals in the world
are those that live on a vegetable diet.
Tho lion is ferocious rather than
strong. Tho bull, horse, reindeer,
elophant and antelope, all conspicuous
for strength, choose a vegetable diet.
It has been estimated by competent
civil engineers that tho Mississippi
River aunuallj* discharges 19,500,01)0,-
000,000 cubic feet of water into the
Gulf of Mexico. Of this prodigious
quantity the l-2900fch partis sediment.
Thus it will be seen that the Missis
sippi annually deposits enough mud iu
tho gulf to cover a square mile of sur
face to a depth of 240 feet.
A collection of bird bones recently
received by tho Paris Academy ol
Science, iudicates that at a period
contemporary with man Madagascai
contained at least twelve species of the
gigantic birds, all capable of flight.
Tho conditions under which tho bones
were found indicate that the birds
lived on shores, with troops of small
hippopotami, crocodiles and turtles.
It is a remarkable fact in botany
that no species of flower over embracos,
in tho colors of its petals, tho whole
range of tho spectrum. Whoro thero
are yellows and rods there are no
blues; when blue and red occur thero
are no yellows, and when we have
blues and yellows thero are no reds.
Tulips come nearer to covering tho
whole range of tho spectrum than any
other species. Thoy can be found
ranging through reds, yellows and pur
ples, but a blue one has uover been
t'ouud.
Tho Changeable Flower of China.
Tho botanical oddity of the Flowery
Kingdom is the flowering true, Known
to tho scientists as the Hibiscus inu
tabilis. Its beautiful flowers, gener
ally double, are pure snow in the
moruiug, bright pink at noon and of
a deep, blood red at sunset, fading
into a sky-blue by bedtime. Tho
leaves of this particular tree somowhat
resemble those of the grapevine, being
deeply notched, or serrated, rough
and of variable lengths. Tho tree is
not only a native of China and Japan,
but is fouud in great profusion in lu
dia, Corea and Siarn. The "Cham
eleon flower" (so called on account of
its changeable colors, because not yet
scientifically identified and named),
recently discovered iu tho Isthmus of
Tehauntopec, is only iiu Amerioun
variety of Hibiscus mntabilis. In case
of the former, the colors do not pass
abruptly from one shade to another, but
change gradually from tho soft white
of the morning to the pink and rod of
noon and evening, and thence to tho
blue of night.
The Telmuntepec tree is lurgor than
its Chinese relative of similar habits,
and tho flowers have tho pecnlarity of
only giving forth perfume when they
arc red.
Several other specios of Chineso
shrubs and trees bear flowers which
change color daily, chief of which is
tho Oriental hydrangea, which changes
from bright groon to a (loop pink.—
St. Louis Republic.
Various Hrades of Salt.
There is an old boarding-houso joko
to tho effect that a chronic grumbler
on leaving once said to his landlady
that she provided her boarders with
the very best salt ho had ever tasted.
This was supposed to be funny, but as
a matter of fact there is much differ
ence between different grades of salh
as between different grades* of sugar.
Because salt is noarly as cheap as sand,
people are apt to consider that it is of
very little importance anyhow, but
the trade iu it is a very extensive one,
nlthough it does not yield much profit.
This universal condiment can bo
bleached and prepared for tho table
so as to make it quite ornamental as
well as useful, or it can be served up
in a shape unuleasaut to the eye and
almost imperceptible to the taste.--
St. Louis Globe-Democrat.