Freeland tribune. (Freeland, Pa.) 1888-1921, February 20, 1893, Image 3
1 . __ _ HE REFUSED A CROWN AN EXAMPLE OF WASHINGTON'S NO BLE AND UNSELFISH NATURE. Mow This Action IniprcHHed Gladstone and Carlyle—lt Seemed JncomprelieiiHl ble to liouapurte—Wash ingtnn** Rela tions with Trumbull and Arnold. [Copyright, 181KJ, by American Press Associa tion.] Mr. Gladstone, in one of his chats with Channcey M. Depew, said that he was inclined to the belief that all in all per haps the greatest man since Martin Luther was George Washington, and the great English statesman went on to explain what he meant by this charac terization. He did not regard Washing ton as intellectually possessed of such genius as any one of half a dozen men whom ho could name. His military genius is undisputed, although of course it is hardly fair to compare it with that displayed by John Churchill or Napoleon | or Wellington. Judged simply by re sults, it was as great as the victories of any of these men, since it led to the es- \ tablishment of a nation destined to be j pre-eminent in the nations of the world. | Every one who has studied the mili tary movements of the Revolution on | both sides is aware that Washington was very greatly helped by the distrac- j tions wliich existed in Great Britain and ' which made it impossible to concentrate its efforts in tho American colonies. What the result would have been had Great Britain sent a Wellington com manding a great British army in case lie and Washington joined in battle no man can say. Yet Mr. Gladstone thought that in some respects Washington stood the greatest tests. His so called Fabian policy, which consisted in extraordi- GENERAL WASHINGTON, narily skillful avoidance of battle when defeat would have been almost certain and when it required strategy of the highest order to avoid it, was carried out with the patience and the conviction of geniuß. His retreat after the battle of Long Island was of itself, in Glad stone's opinion, sufficient evidence of great military ability to justify his ap pointment as commander in chief of the American armies. But it was not in respect of military quality that Mr. Gladstone regarded .Washington as so pre-eminently great. It was in tho perfect balance of ull his greater moral and intellectual qualities that this pre-eminence lay. His patience, according to Mr. Gladstone, was some thing exceeding that of any other man who achieved greatness, for it was pa tience under extraordinary irritations, and patience exercised for no personal ambition, but simply for the cause. His conception of what the govern ment which he was seeking to establish should be was quite as distinct and com prehensive as that of Hamilton, Jay, Madison or Jefferson, although he prob ably could not have set forth in legal ar gument as they did the reasons for that conception. They were admirably set forth in his messages, and especially in his farewell address, although there are indications that some of tho messages were written by Hamilton, while the farewell address was unquestionably written by Livingston, although some writers believe that Madison wrote it. But if the phraseology was that of the secretary the ideas were those of Wash ington, and he undoubtedly set them forth to his secretaries, asking them, who were more familiar with tho literary use of tho pen than he, to put them in fitting language. Mr. Gladstone regards the finest triumph of noble, unselfish, patriotic and majestic impulso to bo illustrated by one brief incident in Washington's career. When Washington refused the crown, then the world had the finest ex emplification of a noble, majestic nature. , The incident is not as familiar as it should be. American youth know that | Washington captured Cornwallis, made a brilliant retreat after the battle of Long J Island and worried and fretted the Brit | ish armies into exhaustion during a seven | years' war. They also know that he was president twico and declined to become president a third time. There are not many who know that the only time tears were seen in his eyes and tj}e manifesta tion of great personal sorrow was made to those about him was upon that oc casion at the close of tho war when his army, encamped upon the banks of the Hudson, was about to be disbanded. There WASHINGTON REFUSING THE CROWN. * were men who were fearful that tho am bitions and jealousies of some of those who had been of influenco during the Revolution would lead them to attempt to gain great personal power. There were others who believed that as a result of the victory there would be established in America a constitutional monarchy modeled after that of Great Britain. The nation as we now know it was a government yet to bo created. So a company of officers—men having influence having talked this matter over, agreed to go to Washington, ask him to accept the crown of empire and to promise him the snjiport of the army in establishing thus a personal throne. When they approached him Washington believed that these officers anil friends of his had come upon some such errand as led thorn often to seek him for counsel. He was in a happy frame of mind that morning. The war was ended victori ously, and ho had already been in con sultation with Hamilton and tome others respecting the form of civil government which tho now free colonies should un dertake. They offered him the crown in but a single sentence. A few years before, across the river, Washington, being st at ed at breakfast, had been approached by an officer, who said to him that Benedict Arnold had fled after un attempt to lie tray West Point into the hands of the British. Tim news was appalling and to Washington must have been extraordi narily painful, since for Arnold he had a personal affection which he bestowed upon only two or tlireo of his other offi cers. Yet sogreat was hisself command, so superb his capacity for suppressing emotion, so thoroughly had he schooled himself to face adversity with calmness, that those about him only saw a look of sad sternness come to his countenance as he uttered the now historic wordSj_ "Whom can we now trust?" But when these officers proposed to him the empire and tried to put the scepter in his hand Washington broke down. There was sorrow and there was anger in his countenance and in his man- JONATHAN TRUMBULL, ner. Tears came to his eyes, and when he dismissed them with a sad gesture and j only a brief word these men realized that Washington had been shocked and | grieved that it could have entered into 1 their hearts that he for one moment could i have regarded an empire as possible or could have fought through those seven years that he might himself attain tho I throne. ' la that action Washington not only re- vealed his moral greatness, but, accord ing to the opinion of Mr. Gladstone and other great English thinkers who have studied his liije, made it impossible that a monarchy could ever be established in the United States. Carlyle, who had 110 great opinion of the American Revolution, believing, if his private talks with Americans whom ho met have been correctly reported, that it was little more than a guerrilla war fare, nevertheless has said that this half sorrowful, half angry and contemptuous repulse to those who were bringing to him a crown was something greater than the command of tho American armies through seven years to ultimate victory. It was an act that Europeans could not understand. Bonaparte was always inclined to be lieve the story purely apocryphal, al though he was a great admirer of Washington and paid a higher tribute to his military genius than some other great captains have done. But it was incomprehensible to Bonaparte that a man should have conducted a prolonged warfare to success without any idea of personal aggrandizement. and, moreover, Bonaparte himself had no conception whatever of any other form of republic an government than that hideous night mare which followed the French revolu tion. Washington's greatness was impressed upon some of the great men of the times in which he lived even before the world understood his victories, and there are some anecdotes traditionary respecting his relations with two of the ablest men of the Revolutionary period which have not become threadbare by constant ropo -1 tition, and which illustrate tliisimpres ' sion of greatness which ho gave to his ] contemporaries. Two of the ablest men produced by | tho Revolutionary era were Jonathan J Trumbull and Benedict Arnold. They were both natives of eastern Connecti cut. Arnold was born only a few miles from Trumbull's home. Trumbull was a man of great piety, splendid executive capacity and possessed in the highest de gree the qualities of statemanship. Ar nold was intellectually brilliant, but even in childhood had revealed deficient moral quality. He would have made a great business man, and WAS in fact em- BENEDICT ARNOLD, barked on such a career when tho guns at Lexington brought him into the field. Trumbull, who was governor of the Connecticut colony, greatly admired Ar nold's energy in getting his company to gether within an hour after the messen ger brought the news of Lexington, and at the bayonet's point demanding pow der from the hesitating New Haven au thorities, and then, equipped, leading them in the march across country to Boston. It was Trumbull who advised Washington of this exploit, so that Washington became early impressed with Arnold's military ardor and ability. Arnold's achievement in taking an army across the wilds of Maine to Que bec, which has been likened by some writers to the marches of Xenophou or Hannibal, gained for him the warmest friendship of Washington. Arnold's letters show that the only man in Revolutionary times for whom he felt either fear Or respect was Wash ington. In Washington's presence Ar nold was subdued, gracious and respect ful. Some of his letters indicate that he had for Washington a feeling he had for no other man, something of affection, and it was apparent to those who Btudied the life of Arnold that the only person before whom he stood tamed and whose authority he cheerfully acknowledged was Washington. That indicates some thing of that great moral quality which led Mr. Gladstone to speak of Washing ton as perhaps the greatest man since Luther. When 110 was contemplating his awful treachery tho only thought that gave Arnold pain was that Washing ton would suffer. For tho rest ho cared not one jot. Trumbull, although not so conspicuous '.n the agitations which led to the revolt of the colonies as Sam Adams or John Hancock or Roger Sherman or Thomas Jefferson, was nevertheless regarded by Washington as the strongest friend that he had to lean upon. It is probable that lie revealed more of his confidences to Trumbull than to any other man. They wore something alike in their moral qual ities, although Trumbull was of Puri tanic piety, while Washington was not, though each of them was a religious man. Some fifty years ago the Hon. Learned Hebard was appointed executor of the estate of William Williams, who was a grandson of Jonathan Trumbull, and whose father was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. In the settlement of the estato Judge Hebard came across a vast amount of corre spondence, including letters which passed between Washington and Governor Trumbull. Some of these letters were formal business documents; others were of a more confidential nature. They re vealed on the part of Washington a free dom from reserve which none of his other correspondence shows. Ono or two of them contained that term which Washington publicly applied to Gov ernor Trumbull, and which for many years was regarded as a nickname for the American nation, "Brother Jonathan." Some of Trumbull's correspondence was also found, which shows that this man of genius and clear intellect, a man born to bo of authority himself, had recognized in Washington that quality of greatness early in the time of the Revolution and liefore he had demon strated it to the world. Trumbull's let ters, while not extravagant, for ho was not the man to use extravagant terms, indicate that Trumbull regarded Wash ington as having been specially furnished by Providence with those greater quali ties, not only military, but moral, which were necessary to establish the Ameri can nation. lie had almost the feeling for Washington which Arnold had, al though iu his case there was personal in timacy and almost an equality of rela tion which probably no other man of the Revolution enjoyed. Thus the impression and influence which Washington created and exerted upon theso two men—ono of brilliant ability, but morally bad; the other of in tellectual and moral integrity and of statesmanlike quality—suggest how it was that to men of all quality the im pression that he gave was that of great ness, exactly as to the greatest intellects of this day, like Gladstone's, the same im pression has been given by a study of his life. E. JAY EDWARDS, THE WASHINGTON FAMILY. In the presidential campaign of 1876 it was often remarked as a curious coinci dence that of the men elected president every third one was childless. The list ran: Washington, Madison, Jackson Polk, Buchanan and—but there seems to have been a break in the line, so that the omen failed on Tilden. It is also worthy of remark that these childless men had singularly happy home lives, and none more so than George Washington. Martha Dandridge was a beauty and a Virginia belle when at seventeen she married Dimiel Pnrko Custis. Of their four children two preceded their father to the tomb, and when the Widow Custis married George Washington in 1759 she hail but a son and a daughter. History gives us a few exquisite glimpses of the home life of Washington for the next few years. He and his wife were very nearly of the same age; both born in 1782; both were wealthy, refined and of the highest Btnnding among their Vir ginia contemporaries. Washington loved the two children as his own. There was nothing to mar their domestic life. But in 1773 Martha Parke Custis died, and Washington was long affected with a strange restlessness. Indeed his do mestic life never again seemed so calm till after the Revolution. Martha was sometimes called the "dark lady" or "dark beauty" because of her brunette complexion, but she was both beautiful and amiable. The son, John Parke Custis, at the age of nineteen married one of the famous Calvert family at Bal timore, but he, too, died young—died of camp fever at Yorktown soon after the surrender, leaving four children. Of these General and Mrs. Washington adopted two, and these constituted the Washington family seen in the familiar pictures. Eleanor Parke Custis, the daughter, was so young at her father's death that she knew no home but Mount Vernon, In 1799 she became the wife of Major Lowis, Wasliington's sister's son. The son was the well known George Wash ington Parko Custis, an author of some note, who acquired the famous Arlington estate, where he died in 1857. His only child, a daughter, married Robert E. Lee, who thus became the owner of Arlington. ,J. H. B. A KcMiHonuhle View. Teacher—Willie, when I called at your house yesterday and saw the "Life of Washington" I gave you Christinas I was much grieved to notice that the leaves had not been cut. Willie (meekly)—No'm. If I'd cut those leaves I wouldn't have half the chance to swop it off. WaaliinKton's Politentwft. George Washington was polite almost to the point of punctiliousness. The story is often told of him that, having bowed to a colored man who had saluted him, a friend expressed surprise. Wash ington's quick retort was, "What, do yon wish to have me outdone in polite ness by a slave?" AN OLD WASHINGTON STATUE. It Was Purchased ly Contributions from New York School Children. [Copyright, 18U3, by American Press Assoeia- ' tion.] There is now on one of the most pic turesque spots on Manhattan island a statue of George Washington which has an interesting history. The statue stands in Riverside crescent, and is to the lower end of Riverside drive what the Grant mausoleum is on a grander scule to the upper. The figure stands with its back to the Hudson, about eighty feet above the tide. General Egbert L. Viele, who saved the statuo from oblivion, told me about it as follows; "This piece of statuary is a life size rep resentation of Washington. The first thing you notice about it is its apparent smallness. It shows the pater patriie to have been a much smaller man than everybody supposes. That is because all his statues are either heroic or colos sal. In exalting his character the people havo magnified his person. It is so the world over with military and political heroes. In persm Washington was not a man of gigantic proportions by any means. This is a truthful counterfeit, if I may use the paradox. It is one of five which show him as he was. All others make him out a man of heroic build. Suppose you look up his biog raphies and see if you can find in a single one of them a specific description of his person, with refcrenco especially to his weight and stature. "The original of this eifigy is in the capitol at Richmond. It is by Houdon, the celebrated French sculptor, noudon was given the commission through Thomas Jefferson. "He stripped his subject to the buff and made a plaster cast. It is the only perfect model ever made of Washington. The result was tlio statuo at Richmond. "Some time before the rebellion the general assembly of Virginia authorized a German sculptor Guntherman by name —to make a dnplicato of the Ilou don statue, and from this four casts were made. Ono of these is the statue in Rivorsido drive. Just after the war the sculptor's widow brought it to Now York and placed it on exhibition in one of the public halls. She wanted to sell it to the city for one of the parks. Her price was SIO,OOO. It was very cheap for such a piece of art, but the offer was declined by the city authorities, and it wa finally decided that a subscription should be opened among the children of the public schools to make up the pur chase money in sums of a dime or less. After considerable exertion $5,000 was raised, and there the matter stood until the widow agreed to accept that sum and to give a bill of sale to the city. THE WASHINGTON STATUE. "The authorities now accepted the statue, and ordered it to bo placed in n storage room in the park with a lot of rubbish, and there it remained something like twenty years. When I became president of the park department this statue came under my notice as I was inspecting the city's property of which I was to have charge. It was covered with dust and was hardly recognizable. Its history hail been forgotten. No one knew what it was or how it came there. The Tweed regime was past, and new peoplo were in. Finally I found an old clerk who knew, and he told ino of it. "Wo were then laying out Riverside park and decided that the statue should lie placed in the little crescent where it now stands. A number of residents along the new park joined mo in a sub scription, and we brought a block of granite from New Hampshire and had a pedestal made. When the pedestal was ready the statue was dedicated. It was on a Fourth of July. Children to the number of 500, dotailed in military form from the various public schools,carried out unaided on that day tho programme that had been begun before any of them were born. The school commissioners and 5,000 other citizens, with Cappa's Seventh regiment band, assembled at the crescent, and tho children united in anthem and song and oration to com plete in their own way tho programme of inauguration. The little girls were dressed in white, and the boys were all bright and decently clad. Every girl and boy carried a little flag of the coun try, and they all marched in procession two and two, singing and scattering flowers about tho statue as they passed. The scene was the most interesting and j touching of any I ever beheld. And j thus the statue was dedicated." Soil is now being hauled from Fort Wasliingtoh, more than three miles up tho river, to complete a bastion front for j the statue, and congress will lie asked to donate two or more Revolutionary : cannon to place at the angles. This ■ fort was tho first geographical point to : be named for Washington, and there is not a square foot of its soil but was con secrated by the blood of Cadwalhidcra noblo Marylanders and Pennsylvanians when they made their final and hoiieless stand, a Spartan band of 8,000, against tho king's army, seven times as strong. General Viele originated tho idea of making the bastion front with this soil. It will be when completed an exact duplicate of ono of Alexander Hamilton's bastions at the old fort. EPSON BRACE, 1 CASTORIA for Infanta and Children. "Castor-la is so well adapted to children that I recommend it aa superior to any prescription known to me." H. A. ARCHER, M. D., 11l So. Oxford St., Brooklyn, N. Y. "The use of 'Castoria' is so universal and its merits so well known that it seems a work of supererogation to endorse it. Few are the intelligent families who do not keep Castoria within easy reach." CARLOS MARTYN, D. D., New York City. Late Pastor Bloomingdalo Reformed Church. THE CENTAUR COMPANY, 77 MURRAY STREET, NEW YORK. MM® MILIUM SYSTEM. _ LEHIGH VALLEY YtfKjtX DIVISION. K—" Anthrnelte coal used exolu- I sively, insuring cleanliness und i I comfort. ARRANGEMENT OF PASSENGER TRAINS. I HOC. 4, 1892. LEAVE FREELAND. 0.10, 8.36, 9.40, 10.41 A. M., 12.25, l.fiO, 2.40, 11.50, 4.55, 0.41, 7.12, 8.47 P. M., lor Drifton, Jeddo, Lumber Yard, Stockton and Hazleton. 0.10, 0.40 A. M., 1.50, 3.50 P. M., for Maucli Chunk, Alleutown, Bethlehem, l'hila., Laston and New York. 8.115 A. M. for Bethlehem, Eastou and Phila delphia. 7.20, 10.541 A. M., 12.10, 4.50 P. M. (via Highland ; Branch) for White Haven, Glen Summit, Wilkes-Bane, Pittstou and L. and B. Junction. SUNDAY TRAINS. 11.40 A. M. and 0.45 P. M. for Driftou, Jeddo. Lumber Yanl and Ha/.leton. 3.45 P. M. for Delano, Muhanoy City, Shon undonh. New York and Philadelphia. ARRIVE AT FREELAND. 5.50, 7.00, 7.20, 0.18, 10.50 A. M., 12.10, 1.15,2.33. 4.50, 7.0:5 and h.:57 P. 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