FREELAND TRIBUNE.
PUBI.ISIIBD EVERY
MONDAY AND THURSDAY.
TIIOSS. A. BUCKLEY,
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.
FREELAND, PA., JANUARY 5, 1893.
Where the Single Tax In Being Tried.
Readers of the TRIBUNE will remem
ber seeing articles in these columns at
different times relating to the town of
Hyattsville, Md., where the single tax
was put in actual operation some time
ago by the commissioners of the town.
Owing to a state law it was not possible
to give the theory a full and free test, as
the state and county still continues to
collect their taxes on real estate, per
sonal property, etc., but the taxes for
the town treasury are raised soley by a
tax on the value of the land in the town.
Handicapped, as they are, by the
state law, our readers can see in the fol
lowing letter that the commissioners are
still on top in the tight against the sys
tem, and that the town is progressing in
an unprecedented manner. The benefits ,
that are being derived by the communi-1
ty from this partial operation of the :
single tax are so plain that it is not like
ly any change will be made, although
the opponents of the single tax, the men
who are holding vacant land for specu
lative purposes, are fighting it through
the courts. The following, from one of
the commissioners, will be of interest to
the many single taxers in this vicinity:
HYATTSVILLE, Md., January 2,1W3.
EDITOR TRIBUNE.— The troubles of the
Hyattsville anti-single taxers are without end.
Every move they make against the town com
missioners goes wrong. This time their trouble
arises from the incompetence of their lawyers
who ure conducting: the suit in courts. It will
be remembered that a few mouths ago J udgc
Brooke dismissed the petition for writs of man
damus uguinst the commissioners on the ground
that they were ucting within their powers.
The petitioners then curried the ease to the
court of appeals, at Annapolis, but iustcud of
■waiting to get a formal order signed by Judge
Brooke, they took an appeal merely from the
judge's opinion. When it was too late the blun
der was discovered.
But thoy were equal to the occasion, ami
with unabashed audacity Marion Duckett, one
of the attorneys, called on one of the commis
sioners and asked for his consent to have the
error corrected so that the case could come up
at once. He gravely and politely refused to
take any action whatever in the matter, but on
being pressed again told Mr. Duckett that if he
would make his request in writing it would be
laid before the board of commissioners.
The request was made iu writing and was
laid before the board which passed a resolution
stating that inasmuch "as the board of com
missioners of Hyattsville has by the action of
said relators been made the defendant in a liti
gation upon a matter of policy properly deter
minable only by the voters of said town or their
representatives; we, the said board of commis
sioners do not feel that our duty to said town
or to ourselves demands that we assist suid re
lators or their counsel in the conduct of said
c ise."
Being refused a chance of correcting their
blunder, the anti-single tax lawyers entered un
order dismissing their appeal in anticipation of
the certainty of its being dismissed by the court
if it had been allowed to remain. Hud every
thing been regulur the case would have come
up for argument lust November. It will now
have to go over to the first week in February,
and there are not wanting signs that it will be
abandoned in disgust.
Meanwhile Hyattsville is enjoying an unpre
cedented prosperity. Since the operation of the
single tux there has been double the umouutol
building than there was during any previous
year for a like period. Dr. Well himself, the head
aud front of the anti-single tux movement, bus
started to build another block of houses, iu face
of his hot declaration a few months ugo that
the single tux would destroy building aud
drive everybody out of llyuttsville.
The commissioners do not uttribute the in
creased prosperity much to the actual lighten
ing of the tax burden in dollurs and cents on
builders, since after ull the single tax here is
only applied for town purposes uud is very
light, being limited by stutute to 25 cents iu
SIOO. The result is due more particularly to the
public feeling thut has been engendered that
the Uyattsvllle commissioners are doing uli
they can to foster and protect buildings and
improvements, and the greut amount of publi
city thut hus been given the mutter in the prese
elsewhere, and particularly iu Washington.
Jf the commissioners hud authority to levy u
really heavy tax un the laud values of Hyatts
ville, we are absolutely certain thut Hyuttsvillc
could suddenly be transformed into a lurgcand
glorious city..
When a new family comes to this town we re
joice. When a new house is erected we are
glad. We feel that there hus come among us
the posssibillty of further beauty and develop
ment. There is no beauty in u vucunt lot.
There is no progress in the absence of popula
tion. We live iu the hope of seeing our town
grow lurger, and thut with such growtu wc
will obtain facilities of which we are now in u
measure deprived, and besides, we want a lurger
and better market for our labor.
Until the coming into oflice of the present
board of commissioners, whut were we doing |
to obtain thut growth of population and iin
proveiuent which we all think desirable?
Our country taxed every new-comer who
might establish a home for himself und family
Hi cents annually on the SIOO for our beneiit
and his own advantage. The stute added to
this another 27J cents, and the town was ex
pected to add a further yearly punishment of
24 cents.
For the privilege of doing good to us all, for
employing our carpenters, bricklayers, plas
terers, tinners and day laborres, for establish
ing that hoiuo for himself und family, which
we think every man ought to have, we yearly
were expected to take away from the men
doing these things $1.22* per SI<JU, and to keep
on tuking it away until the end of time. Aud
wo call ourselves reasoning human beings, aud
this is the end of the nineteenth century!
But a majority of the town commissioners,
conceiving that if we wanted progress and de
velopment, the best way to obtuin it wus not to
tax it, have remitted the tax on improvements,
thereby somewhut diminishing the amount our
present and future hoine-builders will have to
pay.
The experience of many cities and nations
indicates that the action of the commissioners
was right. In Baltimore the manufacturer's
plant is exempt from taxation of every sort,
and no loss an authority than Senator (lorman
has attributed the greut development of that
city in manufacturing within the last ten years
to this cause.
In other countries the removal of window
and hearthstone tuxes has resulted in Improv
ing forms of architecture uud the niukiug of
new windows and hcurthstoues. Similarly the
complete application of the single tax theory
would result iu the mukiug of more und better
houses, and adding greatly to the creature coin
fort of our people. JACKSON 11. BAUJTON.
IN NEW YORK'S SLUMS
AMONG THE WRETCHED SLAVES OF
THE SWEATERS.
How Men, Women and Children "Stitch,
Stitch, Stitch In Poverty, Hunger and
Debt" That Heady Made Clothing May
lie Sold Cheap at' a Profit.
Has it ever struck you that there are
more bankruptcies, failures, losses by
6re and water and forced sales at a sac
rifice in the clothing trade right here in
New York than in any other half dozen
lines of business you might name? Not
a day passes but oue meets some staring
fellow sign announcing that a clothing
house has gone bankrupt, and that the
whole stock will be sold out for a soug—
one-half or a third or a quarter of its
former cost.
I used to feel sorry for those poor, un
fortunate manufacturers, but I don't
now. I visited last week the quarters
where "bankrupt clothing" was made,
and somehow I lost faith in the glib
clothing dealer's veracity. There are sac
rifice and sorrow and bitter disappoint
ment enough in the clothing trade, but
it isn't the Broadway "assignee" or the
bourgeois mother picking from his
shelves the #1.47 and #2.69 children's
suits that feel those. Up in the dark,
foul rookeries which line Hester and Es
sex and Suffolk streets and other tene
ment thoroughfares toil the wretched
creatures who make cheap clothing possi
ble, and their sufferings are the ones
translated into the black letter appeals
and ruinous prices of the huge yellow
signboards.
Not always do we know who our real
benefactors are, and doubtless few mem
bers of the great middle class in New
York have ever stopped to think what
midnight and early morning toil, what
hoarding of scanty wages to make ends
meet, what lunches of black bread over
sewing machines, what stretches of con
finement for sixteen and eighteen hours
in foul air amid nasty surroundings has
put good clothing on their backs, with
plentiful margins of spending money
left for other expenditures. Forty thou
sand men, women and children over on
the east side make the wearing apparel
of all but tke sweller classes of New
York.
People ask, What becomes of the sev
enty-three thousand and odd Russians
who land on our shores in a single year
—the record for 1891? One could an
swer that the true dumping ground of
the Russian immigrant is the crowded
district east of the Bowery, where a third
of a million human beings swarm in a
square mile and the making of cloaks
and clothes constantly goes on. And
should you make a tour of that region
I am sure you will convince yourself
that thousands upon thousands of Slavic
Jews have but exchanged the white
czar's tyranny for economic servitude in
this land of political freedom.
Americana are anxious to know how
these isolated masses live. Glimpses of
light are shed now and again upon the
Jewish quarters when an organized re
volt in the shape of a strike against the
clothiers' methods spreads on the east
side or some newspaper starts a crusade
in behalf of the sweaters' victims. It is
only l>y personally mixing with the toil
ers of Jewry and through the patient
collection of details regarding their hab
its and manner of life that one gains
any clear idea of the industrial machin
ery of the east side.
One has not long to be on such an in
vestigation before he discovers that the
Jewish race is not the only one ground
to powder in the mill of the clothing in
dustry. The Italian "padrone" imports
his countrymen like cattle across the
sea to set them at work on whining ma
chines as well as the hand processes of
clothing manufacture at wages, if such
a thing bo possible, less than even the
I shameful pittance doled out to the Rus
sian immigrant.
Whom the "padrone" has not the
Hebrew contractor seizes by subletting
the "finishing" of smaller garments to
dwellers in Italian tenements, adding
further tone and contrast to an already
squalid condition of misery. And now
the Chinaman has been drawn in. You
will find a little sweaters' shop where
he slaves and spins up among the lofts
of Doyens street, an entering wedge for
a score of others to tame the elusive
spirit of the almond eyed oriental into
the unprotesting submissiveness of tho
Hebrew.
"Since the passage of the antisweater
law," said my guide, himself a Russian
cloakmaker and labor leader as we
started out one morning to explore Jew
town, "since the passage of the anti
sweater law the large contractors have
been driven ont of the tenements, and
those cloaltinakers who work in factories
are tolerably well off as to hours, sanita
tion, etc., though the pay is miserable.
But you'll find scores and hundreds of
the smaller sweat shops existing all
over the east side in open defiance of law.
"The operators often work from G in
the morning until 9 or 10 at night.
There is no air or stoppage for meals,
and little girls not yet in their teens
take a hand at the benches with the
lder ones. These shops are in out of
the way places, rear tenements or lofts
on the top floor of some six story build
ing, and they manage to evade the in
spectors. There nearly all the garments
requiring 'finishing' are sent by con
tractors directly to the houses of fami
lies, where husband, wife and children
toil ceaselessly under worse conditions
if anything than the sweaters."
We entered one of the narrow alley
ways which pierce the frowning tene
ment line of Suffolk street, and came
out in a wretched "court," hedged in by
towering masses of brick on either hand.
"Hush," said my companion, laying a
warning finger on my arm as I began
speaking. "Do you hear that?" He was
looking up with intent ears at the smoke
begrimed windows of the rear building.
From above came low but distinct the
peculiar whizzing and whining sound of
a dozen sewing machinos.
"Come on."
We climbed fire flights of stain and
passed through the hallways of almost
Tartarean darkness, where one had to
grope and feel his way like an explorer
of the Mammoth cave. At the fifth
landing the guide knocked at a closed
door. It was opened, and he strode in.
The rooin had but two wfndows, and
we counted sixteen workmen at the
bench or on the machine. They were of
the black, scraggly bearded Russian
type, and they worked on stolidly after
9ne look at the visitors.
The "boss" came forward with that
apologetic air which Russian Hebrews
have and asked our business. The
spokesman of the party said we had
come to inspect the shop and gave him
notice he was violating the factory law.
The man was ready with the excuse that
the inspector had given him a permit,
but the paper hadn't come yet. and the
gentlemen must excuse him if they did
not see it on his walls. We knew the
man lied.
The machine operators were on men's
trousers. Their task was to make up
the entire garment from the cutter's
hand, and for which they got the mu
nificent pay of seven cents for each pair
of trousers. How long did it taker
Well, they could not tell exactly, was
the answer. Half an hour if you were
an unusually quick and expert operator,
an hour if you were slow. They were
fortunate when they earned nine or ten
dollars a week. And the work—that is,
steady work—only lasted four or five
months, October and November up to
a few weeks of Christmas time in the
fall, and April, May and sometimes part
of March in the spring.
The "boss" said the hours were from
7to 7. The others were silent. There
was no leaving the room for meals.
Each brought out his paper of sour rye
bread and stale meat, with perhaps a
piece of scrawny chicken from the pig
market in Hester street as a luxury, and
munched the food during fifteen min
utes' nooning at his table. Learners of
the trade got next to nothing for their
services.
At another shop of the same sort the
"boss" was out. and we found the em
ployees more talkative. I long their
number was a young Russian woman
but twenty years old and working
twelve hours a day. The law makes it
a crime to employ women under twenty
one more than ten hours daily. She was
"learning," and it was left to the "boss"
what pay he should give her.
The operators complained chiefly of
the lack of work in the off months, by
means of which the sweaters had the
men completely at their mercy. Though
semitwilight prevailed here all day, no
gas was lit in the shop, and the sore
eyes of several of the workmen told us
of the strain. The air was foul—no 400
cubic feet of air space for each person,
as prescribed. It seemed doubtful if
there were 200.
"Have you noticed there are no tailors
on the east side now?" said my cloak
maker friend when we passed out of
one of these places. "They are all
operators or pressers or finishers or but
tonhole makers, and each person has
just one tiling to do on a garment,
which is very simple and easily learned.
Formerly a tailor needed considerable
skill, and his services were in great de
mand. As it is at present, anybody can
sew a buttonhole or follow the cutter's
directions on the sewing machine, and
the clothing maker is compelled to sub
mit to every exaction, because he knows
a hundred others are ready to step into
his place. The only persons who receive
good wages in the New York clothing
trade are the cutters, who, if they are
expert, average twenty to twenty-five
dollars a week.
I was curious to And out what portion
of the total selling price of clothing
went to the men who made it. In a
Russian shop in Pell street, right in the
heart of Chinatown, where a boss and
six employees were engaged on sack
coats and overcoats, they gave me a
sample schedule of prices. I was shown
a coat that would retail perhaps at $ 12,
to be forced down to $lO or SB, if the
market was dull. The man who put
this heavy, substantial garment together
received 14 cents, the baster 12, the fin
isher 10, the ironer and the button
hole maker 7—a total of 51ceuts—
somewhere near r> per cent, of its mar
ket value. Small wonder that clothing
dealers can sell their stock on occasions
for one-half or one-third of the price ad
vertised, and that at a handsome profit.
It can always be said of the industry
of the Russian Jew that he works him
self as hard as if not harder than any
sweaters which are set over him. Leave
the tenement house shops which covert
ly defy the law and enter one of the lit
tle living rooms one can step into from
every hallway in Essex and Suffolk
streets. Save the five deepest hours of
the night, there is nbtime in the twenty
four when you won't find the whole
family up and sewing for bread. We
Unearthed a family of three—two broth
ers, with the wife of one of them—who
inhabited an 8 by 10 "courtroom" and
toiled, the brothers at least, from 6 to
midnight.
Winter and summer that room was at
furnace temperature with the roaring
tiro they kept for heating irons. They
were pressors of "knee pants" at Beven
cents a dozen. Each man by means of
this grinding slavery earned about six
dollars a week, and out of that they
paid for that redhot stove, eighteen
hours in the twenty-four, and the room
rent, which was five dollars a month.
They carried the knickerbockers back
and forth. In a few years these fellows
will have achieved what they regard as
independence.
A pitiful sight in the clothing district
was that of .Sarah Zussman, a gentle
and mild faced young Jewess, with four
mites of children dependent upon her
i and no means of keeping the wolf from
the door, but working on those miserable
boys' knickerbockers at seven cents a
dozen. We saw her in a bare and cheer
| less room on the top floor of 20 Suf
folk street, the furniture and everything
Balable gone to the pawnbrokers, and
| the wan faced little ones gathered about
I her. Her husband, Barnard, lay in the
| Moses Montefiore hospital, an incurable
consumptive. He toiled, too, at boys'
% kne® pants" for the support of his fam
ily till the vitiated air and the confine
ment broke him down and marked him
for the grave. It seemed a cruel mock
ery that the young mother worked,
worked, worked with the strength of de
spair to clothe other hoys while her own
children went in rags and tatters.
Louis, the grave eyed baby of eight
een months, dropped a broken bread
twist of Russian rye—hard rations for a
baby to munch on—when we entered
and gazed with wonder. The larder
was empty, and the woman could do but
a part of her usual work, as within a
short time she was to become a mother.
It took her three hours to finish a dozen
garments. Only the friendship of their
poor neighbors, who collect scraps of
bread and give them to the family,
fceeps them alive.—New York Herald.
WOMEN'S WORK.
If They Were CompclD-cl to Subtext I'pon
Their Wagt-M They Would Starve.
The relation of women's work to the
general problem of poverty must also be
well studied. The worst paid work is
always women's work. And it is easy to
see how the labor of women often tends
directly to the depression of general
wages. The wife or the daughter of the
breadwinner frequently works for less
than would sustain life.
The main dependence is the wage of
the husband and father; what is earned
by the women merely adds something to
the sum of comfort. It is out of his
earnings that they derive the strength
which they expend for the benefit of
their employer. If they were compelled
to subsist on what their employer pays
them they would starve. A vast amount
of the labor of women is thus given for
wages that will not sustain life. The
vital energies by which this labor is per
formed are supplied from other sources.
Many poor widows and deserted
wives who sew all day and most of the
night for less than enough to feed them
selves and their children are kept from
starving by the alms of some church or
charitable association, or perhaps by the
assistance of the overseer of the poor.
Now it is evident that this kind of labor
tends to poverty. Because there are so
many who can work for less than
enough to support life those employers
who recognize no law but competition are
ready to reduce wages to this standard.
Although, as we have seen, it is bad
economy for the employer to pay less
than will fairly support life if his la
borers are compelled to subsist upon the
wages which he pays them, yet it may
be good economy, from his point of view,
to pay them this inadequate wage if he
can depend on somebody else to supple
ment it, and can thus consume the labor
force which somebody else daily replen
ishes. This is one of many ways in which
the strong thrive at the expense of the
weak.
Not only women's work but much of
the labor of young men and boys is ex
ploited after this fashion. Great firms
and corporations employ young men at
salaries far below the cost of their main
tenance because they can get them at
that figure. The young men are living
at home, and their fathers and mothers,
many of whom are themselves poor, are
made to contribute to the growing wealth
' of the great firms or companies by board
ing and clothing their employees.
The excuse for this is that the young
men are receiving instruction. That is
a good reason why they should not re
ceive the full wages of trained hands,
but it is not a good reason why they
should not receive enough to support
life, for they are not only receiving in
struction, they are performing labor, in
many cases very severe and exhausting
labor, and the labor of a full grown,
able bodied young man or woman ought
to suffice for maintenance.—Washington
Gladden in Century.
Trade* I'nionM aiul Politics*
We believe the trades unions will
broaden as their members become more
enlightened, and that they will be found
at the proper time to be the most power
ful organizations for political purposes,
but until such time as tailors, carpenters,
etc., are ready to stand as one man in
their unions to secure better prices for
their labor it appears to many thought
ful trades unionists folly to try to get
them to act unitedly on political princi
ples, of which many men have no con
ception. The trades unions propose to
secure full justice and freedom for the
workers by doing "first things first."—
General Secretary John 13. Lennon, of
the Journeymen Tailors' Union.
Knight* on Militia.
, At the recent session of the general
I assembly of the Knights of Labor the
| following was adopted:
I Resolved, That we favor the dissemination of
a patriotic military sentiment and a return to
the popular form of maintaining the militia in
vogue prior to 1800—namely, allowing the 6tate
militia to elect its own officers, and the rank
and llle to hold their arms, and we discounte
nance centralizing the military power in every
way, object to the expenditure of vast sums of
the people's money in building useless armo
ries, and indorse the popular system in vogue
in Switzerland.
No Mistake In This.
Speaking of "the association of work
ingmen to carry on their own industrial
enterprises," Plank and Platform ob
serves that it "has long been recognized
as presenting in the abstract an ideal
solution of the labor problem. Where
the workingnien are their own employ
ers there can be no disputes about wages;
where they operate by their own capital
the common interest of capital and labor
is beyond question."
Imperative Mandate.
The social Democrats of Germany
favor compelling the leaders who sit in
the imperial diet to resign their seats
every two years, in order to take the
opinion of their constituents upon their
actions as legislators.
The cigar makers must make up their
mind heforo Jan. 8 if they want the for
ty acres at Colorado City donated by
Anthony Butt for a national home. The
union talks of spending $40,000 on the
koine.
rOIJTICAL ANNOUNCEMENTS.
TjH)R CONSTABLE
CHARLES SAULT,'
of Five Points.
Subject to the decision of the Democratic
nominating convention of Foster township.
TjXHt SUPERVISOR—
MATTHEW DENNION,
of Five Points.
Subject to the decision of the Democratic '
nominating convention of Foster township.
tjX)R SUPERVISOR
CONDY MCLAUGHLIN,
of Five Points.
Subject to the decision of the Democratic
nominating convention of Foster township.
p >R SUPERVISOR
JOHN METZGER,
of East Foster.
Subject to the decision of the Democratic
nominating convention of Foster township.
JpOR SUPERVISOR
JOHN O'DONNELL,
of Eckley.
Subject to the decision of the Democratic
nominating convention of Fost* r township.
SUPERVISOR
JAMES WILSON,
of South Hebertou.
Subject to the decision of the Republican
nominating convention of Foster towi ship.
TAX COLLECTOR—
CONRAD BREHM,
of Upper Lehigh.
Subject to the decision of tin,- Democratic
nominating convention ot Foi ter township.
JP OU TAX COLLECTOR
PAT K J. GALLAGHER,
of Highland.
Subject to the decision of the Democratic
nominating convention of Foster township.
TREASURER—
DANIEL BONNER,
of Five Points.
Subject to the decision of the Democratic
nominating convention of Foster township.
Thousands of Singing Birds.
When the North German Lloyd steam
er Herrmann unloaded 011 Saturday twen
ty large bundles shrouded in white cloth
were carefully lifted from the hold and
placed on the dock. From each bundle
came a chorus of angry twitterings and
chirpings and much fluttering of wings.
The bundles were loaded on a truck and
were taken to the store of a bird fancier
(11 William street. There they were un
loaded and the cloths removed. Each
bundle contained 252 little wooden bird
rages, each with a canary bird in it. Im
mediately every one of the 5.040 birds
Btretched his little yellow throat in an
effort to outsing his neighbor. They
caroled and trilled as merrily as if they
were looking out 011 green heath and a
blue sky instead of a muddy highway
half obscured by a drive of wet snow.
Three men undertook the task of giving
the birds grain and water, and the op
eration consumed the major part of a
day.
The canaries are of three grades—the
$2.50 birds, the $5 birds, and the $lO
birds. The ordinary birds are worth
$2.50. A large fine bird, or one of par
ticularly handsome coloring, brings
twice that price, while a distinguished
vocalist will bring $lO. All the birds
are males and singers. They come from
Germany, where they are bred in large
numbers. It is probable that all of the
5,000 birds will be Bold within a few
weeks. This is the busy time in the
canary market, and within the past
week more than 10,000 of these birds
have arrived classed as live stock.—
New York Sun.
A Kangaroo lioxt r.
All exhibit-ion of boxing of an unusual
character has been secured by the man
agement of the Royal aquarium. Pro
fessor Landerman, an Australian pugil
ist, will box a Kangaroo seven feet high.
It is said that the kangaroo boxes scien
tifically and hits harder than the or
dinary pugilist. The exhibition appears
to have been given in Melbourne and
Sydney—the combatants being so se
verely mauled that some were in hospi
tal for months afterward. Professor
Landerman and the kangaroo came over
from Australia in the Ormuz.
John L. Sullivan, although challenged,
refused to fight, and Mme. Sarah Bern
hardt was so amused and taken with
the exhibition at the Criterion, Sydney,
as to offer £I,OOO for the animal.—Lon
don News.
A(1 v let* to the O fit id Seekers.
We see 110 impropriety in making ap
plications for office on the part of all
who desire it, but we believe there is a
possibility of the thing being overdone.
None of these petitions will be consid
ered until after March 4. Therefore
there is plenty of time in which to make
applications.
During Mr. Cleveland's last adminis
tration he dispensed the public patron
age through the members of the senate
and the house.
If he pursues his former policy he will,
as a general thing, appoint to office from
this state such men as are recommended
by the delegation to congress, and we do
not think that he will ever ses or read a
letter of application for public office.—
Atlanta Constitution.
A Grewsomo Relic.
The scaffold upon which John Brown
was hanged in Harper's Ferry has ar
rived at Washington for shipment to
the World's fair. The timbers are in a
good state of preservation, though they
have served the purposes of a porch to
the residence of a son of the man who
built the scaffold. The gallows itself is
a plain, substantial affair, which would
attract little attention apart from its
history. Tiie timbers are evidently pine,
although they have been painted over at
some later period to preserve them. The
two uprights are big beams six inches
square, and the crossbar is in propor
tion. Even the screws with which it
was put together have been preserved.
John Brown was hanged on Dec. 2,1859.
—Boston Journal.
• CURE THAT 1
: Cold iii
, AND STOP THAT 11
| Cough, ii
I In. H. Downs' Elixir | ]
i! WILL DO IT. I]
| j Price, 25c., 50c., and SI.OO per bottle. | |
I | Warranted. Sold everywhere. 11
1 . HSSBY, JOHNSON 1 LOBS, Prop!., Lnrlisjton, Vt. | |
, i • <ll
Sold at Schiloher's l)viiL r Store.
I
It Cares Colds,Coughs,BoreThroat Croap.lnflaen•
za, Whooping Cough, Bronchitis and Asthma. A
certain cure for Consumption in first stages, and
a sure relief in advanced stages. TJse at once.
You will see the excellent effect after taking the
first dose, "told by dealers everywhere. Large
bottles 60 cents ana SI.OO.
THE NEXT MORNING I FEEL BRIGHT AND
NEW AND MY COMPLEXION IS BETTER.
My doctor nays it acts gently on tho stomach, liver
and kidneys, and is a pleasant laxative. This drink Is
made from herbs, and ia prepared for uso aa eaailjr as
tea. It is called
LANE'S MEDICINE
All drugglstsaellltatOOa. and SI.OO a package. If
Toucan not get. it.send youraddrees for freo sample.
Lane's Family Mt-dlclne moves tba bowels each
4ay. In order to be healthy, this Is necessary. Add rape.
OilATOlt E. WOOD W AMD, LvliOV, K. yT
■4 Scientific American
Jl S^Am^^trade^MAßKS,
tg. DESIGN PATENTS,
COPVRIQHTS, etc.
For information and freo Handbook write to
MUNN fi CO., 301 BHOADWAT, NEW YoltK.
Oldest bureau for securing patenta In America.
Kvery patent taken out by UH is brought before
the public by a notice given freo of charge in the
Scientific JUumnm
Largest circulation of any scientific paper In the
world. Splendidly illustrated. No intelligent
man should be without It. Weekly, *.'J,OO a
year; fl.ftoslx months. Address MUNN & CO.,
ri'BLisiiEUS, 3til liroudway, Now York City.
£ Caveats,and Trade-Marks < btained, and all I 'at- J
# ent business conducted for MODERATE FEES. 4
OUR OFFICE IS OPPOSITE U. S. PATENT OFFICE*
5 and we can secure patent in less time than those J
£ remote from Washington. J
£ Send model, drawing or photo., with descrip- #
| stion. We advise, if patentable or not, free off
1,5 charge. Our fee not due till patent is secured. 5
* A PAMPHLET, "How to Obtain Patents,'' with#
| J cost of same in the U. S. and foreigu countries?
I 5 sent free. Address, £
jC.A.SNOW&COJ
f OPP. PATENT OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D. C. 4
PATENT
A 48-page book free. Address
w. T. FIT/ GERALD, Att'y-at-Law-
Cor. Bth and FSte., Washington, I>. O.
"PECTECTION
or
ifirieze TIRADE."
By llcnry George.
The leading statesmen of the world
pronounce it the greatest work ever
written upon the tariff question. No
statistics, no figures, no evasions. It
will interest and instruct you. Keud it.
Copies Free at the Tribune Office.
H. G. OESTERLE & CO..
manufacturer of
SOCIETY i GOODS.
HATS, CAPS,
SHI HI'S, BELTS,
BALDRICS,
SWORDS and GAUNTLETS.
Banners, Flags, Badges,
Regalia, Etc.
LACES, FRINGES,
TASSELS, STARS, GALOON,
EMBROIDERY MATERIAL,
GOLD and SILVER CLOTHS.
WRITE FOR SAMPLES AND PRICES.
No. 224 Noiyh Ninth Street,
Philadelphia.
A New Year Full
—of—
Good Tiling 1 ©
For All.
We start the new year with
closing out lots of goods. Call
and see
Ladies' Coats.
Newmarkets at half price.
An SB. coat for $5.
A slu coat for £5; etc.
Special Bargains
In Woolen Blankets.
Have them from 79 cents a
pair up
Remember, men's gum boots,
Candee, §2.25
Muffs, 40 cents up to a,ny
price you want.
Ladies' woolen mitts. 2 pair
25 cents; worth 25 cents a pair.
Some 50-cent dress goods at
25 cents
All-wool plaid, which was 00
cents, now 39 cenQ
Some Special Things
In Furniture.
A good carpet-covered lounge,
§5
A good bedstead, §2 25.
Fancy rocking chairs. §3.50.
Ingrain carpet for 25 cents a
yard.
Groceries & Provisions.
Flour, §2 15.
Chop, §l.lO and §1.15.
Bran, 50 cents.
Hani, 13 cents.
Bologna, 8 cents.
Cheese, N. Y., 13 cents.
Tub butter. 28 cents
18 pounds sugar §I.OO.
5 pounds Lima beans, 25 cents
5 pounds currants, 25 cents.
5 pounds raisins, 25 cents.
0 bars Lenox soap, 25 cents.
6 bars Octagon soap. 25 cents.
3 packages pearline, 10 cents.
Best coal oil, 12 cents.
Vinegar, cider, 15 cents gal
Cider, 20 cents a gallon.
Syrup, No. 1, 35 cents gal.
No. 1 mince meat. 10 cents.
3 pounds macaroni 25 cents.
3 quarts beans. 21 cents.
6 pou,.ds oat meal, 25 cents.
FREELAitD
READY
PAY.
J. C. Bcrner,
Spot Caslx
Promoter of Low Prices,
.''leslan.d, - -
CITIZENS BANK
—OF—
F RE ELAND.
15 Front Street
Lcb-U, v.. . ...
OFFICERS.
JOSEPH BIHKBECK, President.
H. C. KOONH, Vice President.
B. It. I)A vis. Cashier.
JOHN SMITH, Secretary.
DIRECTORS.
Joseph Birkbeek, Thoiuus Birkbeek, John
Wagner, A Hudewlck, H. C. Koous, Charles
Dusncck, William Kemp, Mathias Schwabe,
John Smith, John M. Powell, So, John Bui ton.
JST" Three per cent, interest paid on saving
deposits. \
Open daily from 9a. ra. to 4p. ra. Saturda.
evenings from fi to 8.
SPECIAL
HOLIDAY SALE:'
Here is the place to And a I
MAMMOTH STOCK OF J
BAIUi.VINS M
suitable at this season. ■
THOUB \ N T WITF
PKFCTTY NOV \^RIKS
Ladies' Coats, Furs, Glove* Vj v
Caps, llats. Underwear t Bx.dery,
Dress Patterns, Corsets. lA. ■ens,
Trimmings, Etc., Etc.
Childrens' a d Infants'
Goods
In great variety, and a storeroom tilled with
the prettiest sort of useful and ornamental
goods that you will want during the holidays.
SPLENDID SOUVENIR
GIFTS to all pers ns pur
chasing to the amount of $1
and over.
MRS B. A CRIMES.
I Centre Street, - Below Front, - Frecland..