THE INDIANS.
BRIEF HISTORY OF A GREAT
ABORIGINAL NATION.
Their Original Domain was an Im
mense Territory—Their Various
Uprising Against the Whites.
The Sioux Indians have long been the
most populous of the various aboriginal
natious of North America, and no amount
ot fighting and bad treatment stops their
numerical increase. .Seveuty years ago,
although they had beeu at war for more
than a century with the Hurons and Chip
pewas, they numbered about thirteen
thousand souls. Since that date they
have had many struggles with soldiers,
settlers, starvation, smallpox, Indian
agents and other torments, yet now
they number übout fifty thousand. The
French, the English, and later our own
government, sought to subdue them, but
they held most of their territory until, a
part at a time, it was obtained from
them by tieaty and purchase on terms
which seldom were honorably adhered to
by the whites.
' The original domain of the Sioux was
indeed royal; it was larger than England,
France and Germany combined. More
than two centuries ago when the French
explorers and missionaries, moving west
ward 011 the lakes, first found them, the
Sioux, otherwise known as Dakotas, oc
cupied nearly all of what now is Minne
sota, North and South Dakota, besides
much of Wisconsin and part of lowa and
Nebraska. The nation then consisted
of sixteen tribes, the names of many of
which are still recognized by the nation.
The Chippcwas pressed them slightly
southward, but the Sioux found more
room in the West, reaching the head
waters of the Missouri. In 1837 they
ceded to the United States all their
lands east of the Mississippi, and in 1851
they made a new treaty, which moved
their liue about to the western border of
what was then the State of Minnesota,
iu which they retained about 3,000
square miles.
Up to this time the Sioux had made
the whites no trouble, but unfortunately
the Indian riug at Washington had been
gathering strength, and hunger and fail
ure of the government to keep lis prom
ises caused so much bad feeling that
through a quarrel over an attempted j
arrest in 1851 an army officer and ado- j
taehmcnt of troops were destroyed.
Hostilities on the border began at once !
and within a year General Harney de
feated the principal armed body of the
Indians and compelled a treaty of peace.
One tribe of an Indian nation, however,
cannot bind another, and during suc
ceeding years there were many small
but bloody raids ou the Minnesota bor
der, although whites were rapidly fill
ing the State and feeling able to defend
themselves.
Iu 1802, while most of the regular
army were taking part in the civil war,
the Sioux rose in force and attempted to
retake all of their old hunting
grounds which had been ceded to the j
whites. The effects were most severely j
felt in Western Minnesota, where many
settlements were destroyed, many whites :
were captured aud more than a thousand
kilied. Troops were promptly sent to
the border, however, and, under Gener
als Harney and Sully, both famous
Indian lighters, compelled the Sioux to
cry quits and give up many of the white
women and children they had captured.
After the war ended many of the Indians
captured were tried for murder, and
about forty of them were hanged. The
moral effect of the defeats and executions
was so great that many of the Sioux 1
hurried northward into Canada, while
others hid themselves in the Black Hills, I
always the favorite resort of the nation, j
A year later all the reservation Sioux in j
Minnesota were moved further West.
As what now is Dakota was then
known as "The Country of the Bad j
Lands," it was supposed that the Sioux
were permanently removed from contact I
with whites other than soldiers and
hunters. But soldiers and Sioux could '
never agree; the Indians protested j
against forts being maintained in their \
country, and some bands showed their j
disapprobation by occasionally killing
off small detachments of soldiers. In '
1800 a general treaty was made, and j
there was an attempt made to persuade j
the Indians to take to Agriculture and I
other civilized ways. Success was at- !
taiucd to the extent of all Indians wear- !
ing trousers and hats when they could
get them, but the agricultural outfit sup- \
plied was not what was promised,although 1
members of some tribes did considerable !
fanning and showed what might be j
achieved were the government to live up
to its agreement. It is only fair to say,
however, that while the buffalo existed
the majority of the Indians preferred to
live on such meat as they could get and I
depend for the rest of the time up
on the wretched rations which the In- j
dian agents supplied, rations which scl- /
dom were up to the quality and quantity
agreed upon.
But white men could not keep out of
the Indians' territory. Hunters discov
ered gold in the Black Hills aud pros
pectors and miners followed, them, tak
ing their lives in their hands and fre
quently failing to preserve them. An j
effort was made in 1808 to persuade the
Sioux to leave the Black Hills aud go to
the ludian Territory, but love of coun
try is ouite as strong among savages us
with white men. A deputation of big
chiefs—among them the now famous
Red Cloud, Spotted Tail aud Sitting
Bull—went to Washington during Pres
ident Grant's last administration and
were reasoned with ou the part of the
government by a sensible member of
their own race—General Ely Parker, a
highly educated Seneca, who then was
Commissioner of Indian Affairs. But
the effort to persuade them to cede their
lands and take a new reservation failed.
The chiefs put on the manner of the man
who does not want to sell at any figure.
They named conditions and price which
were utterly impossible; they also called
attention to failures and frauds which
would compel them, iu any event, to
distrust the government's promises.
The troubles with the Sioux were not
all chargeable to the whites, howevei.
There are some "good Indians" among
the Sioux—some tribes and chiefs who
have desired to live at peace with their
neighbors, but there always were many
who never were happy except while
making others miserable. Iu 1875-0 a
great array—for Indians —started from
the Sioux country to make war upon
other and peaceable tribes in Dakota,
Montana and Wyoming. The Sioux
force uumbered about three thousand
warriors, all mounted and well armed
with rifles aud revolvers as good as those
used by the regular army, and they were
well officered, too, among their chiefs
being Crazy Horse, a warrior for whose
fighting qualities all officers of the army
have profound respect, and old Sitting
Bull, who though only a "medicine
man" has no living equal as a mischief
maker and a stirrer-up of strife. An army
about equally large and in three columns
started uuder Generals Crook, Gibbons
and Terry toward a common point at
which it was supposed the main bo#y
of the luduus would be the pur-
Sose being to force the In
inns to leave the warpath and
go upon reservations. The starting
points were about as far apart and in
the same relative positions as Cleveland,
Ohio; Bpringfield, Mass.; and Washing
ton, I). C., and the country was wild
and utterly without roads, but the plan
was the only one practicable, and the
troops did wonders in the way of march
ing and fighting. Each column met
some ontlying bodies of savages, but
Custer, with a detachment of Terry's
column numbering about two hundred
and fifty men, struck the main body,
fully twenty-five hundred Sioux, with
results which all the country still remem
bers and mourns.
The hostiles were given but little
peace from that time forward. All
troops that could be spared were sent iu
to the Sioux country. Crook chased,
punished and starved the greater body of
Sioux under Crazy Horse, until that
astute warrior gave up aud surrendered,
while a force almost equally large, uuder
Gall, a warrior second only to Crazy
Horse, and with whom were Rain-in-the-
Face, Spotted Eagle, and other war
chiefs, were finally so closely pressed by
General Miles that they fled across the
border and enacted the role of injured
innocence under the protection of Queen
Victoria, whom tlicy named "the great
grandmother." This was the last great
uprisiug in which the Sioux have taken
part against the United States.—[New
York Herald.
THE CARDIFF GIANT.
The Story of a Great Humbug Re
called—Scientists Made Ridicu
lous.
One of the men who made a fortune
out of the Cardiff giant humbug is re
ported dead iu this city, says the New
York correspondent of the Troy Daily
Press. Nearly twenty years have passed
since the public at large, as well as many
of the most distinguished scientists,were
duped by this monumental fraud. The
Cardiff giant idea was conceived in the
brain of George Hull, a tobacconist of
Bingliamton. He secured a large gyp
sum .slab in lowa and had it cut into the
form of a gigantic man by an Italian
stonecutter in Chicago. The stonecutter,
by the way, subsequently removed to
Troy and engaged in business as a maker
of statues. I think I have heard that
examples of his work are to be
fournl in your city to this day. To
stimulate the appearance of age
Hull had the stone man's ligiuc
rubbed with sand and water, then
bathed in writing fluid and also in sul
phuric acid. The imago was then
boxed, taken secretly to the viciuity of
Cardiff, near Syracuse, and privately
buried at a spot where it was convenient
ly found a year later and heralded as the
most marvelous discovery of archteologi
cal history—a petrified specimcu of pre
historic man. The alleged find excited
most profound interest among all sorts
of people. Eminent men of science ex
amined the stone image, and some of
them gravely certified to their belief that
it actually was the body of a being who
had lived thousands of years before any
of the present race of men were born.
The Cardiff giant was placed ou exhibi
tion in the great cities, and multitudes
flocked to get a sight of the humbug.
lutclligent persons in all sections of the
country were hoaxed. Bome who re
fused to credit the supposition that it
was the body of a man of prehistoric
times believed that it was a very ancient
statue. The fraud was at length exposed j
and the scientists and extra-intelligent '
men who had been deceived and had
afterward assisted to deceive others,
were advertised in a very ridiculous
light. Hull sold out his interest in the
image to a party of meu who took it
across the ocean and endeavored to inter
est our trans-Atlantic cousins in the
giant. The speculation did not succeed,
although the stone man was advertised
as the body of Finn Macoul, the prehis
toric Irish giant, and the claim made
that it had been discovered in the Giant's
causeway in Ireland. Hull made another
ctl'ort in the same line. He produced a
smaller figure made of a composition of
ground stoue, pulverized bones, cla\',
plaster, blood and dried eggs. The
composition, after beiug baked in a
kiln, was advertised as "the Colorado
stoue man," Colorado then beiug the
wonder state of the union. Hull aud
his associates were disappointed in their
hopes of great gains, for the public
would uot be deluded by this second
fraud.
Where Big Bowlders Form.
Wherever the big glaciers melted they
left an immense amount of "drift"—that
is, sand, gravel stones of all sorts, which
bad been frozen in the ice when the
glaciers were forming.
The stones of this drift are of all sizes.
! Some are as small as pebbles, others as
large as small houses. There is one at
Bradford, Mass., which measures 30 feet
each way, and weighs 4,500,000 pounds.
There is another on a ledge in Vermont,
which i 9 even larger than that, and which
must have been carried by the ice across
a vullcy lying 500 feet below where the
stone now is, showing that the ice was
500 feet thick. Great boulders of trap
rock extend through Couuecticut on a
liue rutming to Long Island Sound, aud
as some of the same kind arc found in
Long Island, the glacier is believed to
have crossed the Sound, carrying these
rocks with it.
An immense statue of Peter the Great
in St. Petersburg, stands on one of these
glacier bowlders of solid granite, which
weighs three million pounds. One of
the largest bowlders in America is in
the Indian village of Mohcgau near
Montville, Conn. The Indians call the
rock "Shehegan." Its top, which is
flat and as large as the floor of a good
sized room, is reached by a ladder.
Sometimes these bowlders are found
perched upon bare ledges of rock, so
nicely balunced that, though of great
weight, they may be rocked by the
hand. They are called "rocking-stones."
Near the little Connecticut village of
Noank, on Long Islnnd Sound, there is
an immense bowlder called by the peo
ple there "Jemimy's Pulpit." It was
formerly a rocking-stone, but the rock
has worn away below it and it cau no
longer be moved.
Bright Days Make Bright Colors.
Some years ago an English manufac
turer of carmine, who was aware of the
superiority of the French color, went to
Lyons for the purpose of improving his
process and bargained with the most
celebrated manufacturer in that city for
the acquisition of his secret, for which
he was to pay $5,000.
He was shown all of the process, and
saw a most beautiful color produced;
but he found not the least difference in
the French mode of fabrication and that
which had been constantly adopted by
himself. He appealed to his instructor
and insisted that he must have kept
something concealed. The man assured
him he had not, and invited him to in
spect the process a second time.
He minutely examined the water and the
materials, which were in every respect sim
ilar to his own, and theu, very much
surprised, said: "I have lost both my
labor and my money for the air of Eng
land does uot admit us to make good
carmine."
"Stay 1" said the Frenchman, "don't
deceive yourself; what kind of weather
is it now?"
"A bright, sunny day," replied the
Englishman.
"Aud such are the days," said the
Frenchman, "on which I make my color;
were I to attempt to manufacture it on a
dark and cloudy day my results would
be the same as yours. Let me advise
you, my friend, only to make your car
mine on bright, sunny days.
The moral of this will apply quite as
well to the making of many other colors
used in manufactures and also in the lino j
arts, for it illustrates, in a practical way,
the chemical influence of light upon cer- '
tain coloring compounds or mixtures.—
[Dry Goods Chronicle.
AN ENORMOUS APPETITE.!
A Philadelphian Who Eat Seven
Dinners at Once.
There is a man, born aud bred in Ken
sington, whose appetite has not yet been !
satisfied. It were folly to say that he has
never refused a second helping of the
viands set before him morning, noon and j
night, for the cravings of his inner self
have not once really been satisfied. For
fifteen years or more he has resided in
the northeast section of the city. lie j
was at one time a sergeant of police in
the Eighteenth district, but he has now
sought other fields of usefulness.
There are stomachs and stomachs, of j
course, but the capacious maw of this
denizen of a corner of a city has yet to be
equalled. His astounding feats at the
dinner table put to blush all other per
formances of a similar character. lie is
prey to an appetite whose abnormality is
phenomenal, and which would cause him
mournful dreams at night but for the
acknowledged fact that "it isn't his
fault."
It is asserted on good authority that
this Ex-Sergeant went into Mcyers's
saloon, on Girard avenue, below Vienna
street, one day, and sitting down to a
dinner which had been prepared for
seven people ate every part of it. There
were six pounds of roast mutton, besides
large vegetable dishes full of white and
sweet potatoes, beans, a half pound of
butter, and a large loaf of bread. Before
sittiug down to the table he of the hearty
appetite had asked Mrs. Meyers to board j
him, but after witnessing the alarming
disappearance of the food she concluded ,
that, she had better not.
One election night, when the Sergeant
was very busy aud it was impossible for ,
him to go home to supper, lie sent the
turnkey to a neighboring restaurant and
had supper sent in for two persons. He
ate both the meals, aud theu sent out for
100 prime oysters and fifty bull-neck
clams. The turnkey thought that he
would get a few of the oysters, but was
disappointed, as the Sergeant devoured
the whole lot and then declared that he
was hungry.
On another occasion this prodigy pur- I
chased a half-bushel of clams, and sitting
on a brick, opened and ate all of them.
There were just fifty claim in the basket, |
He drank twenty-four bottles of beer
without turning a hair, and ate eleven
soused pigs' feet one evening. Seventeen
boiled crabs are only a luncheon for him,
and he can cat as much as any live men
in the Quaker City to-day. There is no
doubt about this prodigious epicurean
capacity, lie has a record which he
proudly talks about, as well as many of
his friends.—[Philadelphia Record.
The Great Black Cockatoo.
In the islands of the Malay Arcliipcl- j
ago is found the great black cockatoo, |
whose special food is the kernel of the
kanari nut, the shell of which is said to
be harder than that of any oilier nut, and
to protect a kernel of most delicate •
flavor. The kanari tree grows to a great;
height aud bears a fleshy fruit which iu- j
closes an extremely hard shell of glass- j
like smoothness of surface. Within this
shell are from one to three kernels cov- |
ered with a thin skin; when this is re- :
moved the nut falls into a number of ir
regular flakes of snowy whiteness aud de-
I licious taste.
Tho fleshy part of the kanari fruit is
eaten by many birds, particularly by the
large wood-pigeons, but only the black
cockatoo is able to get at the nut. which
it docs by the great strength of its im
mense sharply pointed and hooked beak.
Taking a nut endwise in its bill and
keeping it firm by a pressure of the
horny end of its tongue, the cockatoo
cuts a notch across the shell by a sawing
motion of the sharp edge of the lower
part of the beak. This done, the bird
takes hold of the nut with one footwhilo
biting off a piece of a thick leaf. This
it wraps around the nut to prevent the
glassy shell from slipping, while it uses
the upper part of its beak to hold the
nut aud the under part to insert in the j
notch already made and wrench off a
piece of the shell by a powerful nip. 1
Again taking the nut iu its claw the bird
inserts the very long and sharp point of
its bill into the hole just made and picks
out the kernel, which is seized flake by
flake by the horny end of the long and
flexible tongue. More time is required
to tell about this nut cracking than the
bird takes to perform the operation, for
the cockatoo is a very rapid feeder and
will consume a great many nuts in an
hour. —[Chicago Herald.
Big Plantations Going.
We understand that arrangements are
about being perfected for the sale of
those two large and valuable cottou plan
tations in Concordia parish, "Panola"
and "Sycamore," to a wealthy Kansas
syndicate, which proposes to cut thcuiup
into small holdings and colonize white
farmers from their State upon them.
These plantations are as rich and as fer
tile as any lunds in the parish, and di
vided into small farms and cultivated
thoroughly aud with method and system
would produce enough to make hun
dreds of tenants comfortable. They lie
along the line of the New Orleans and
Northwestern Railway, which would af
ford a quick and speedy mode of reach
ing a market with the products of the
soil, aud if the various small holdings
into which it is proposed to divide the
two places, were turned into truck farms,
vegetables enough could be profitably
raised to supply a very large area
of the northwest early in the
season. Wc hope the plans of the
syndicate may carry successfully, as
we would take it as a most healthy eigne
to see the thrifty farmers of Kansas,
turning their faces southward, and seek
ing homes in this portion of the "sunnj
southland," where the most comfortable
and even luxurious living can be made
with even the smallest amount of exer
tion.—[Natchez Democrat. *
TWO NOTED RED BRAVES.
The Wonderful TmiHchariion and the
Greut Teeutnseli.
It is absolutely certain that the red
race of this couutry has produced more
remarkable men than auy savage race
the world has ever known, and it is
safe to say that under different con
ditions their influence would be felt on
the progress of civilization for many
joenturies to come. The King Philips,
Tecumsehs, Pontiacs, Osceolat, and
Tanacharisons were not ordinary men.
Their diplomacy in matters of state was
of the highest order; their military
campaigns were euch as only natural
born leaders plan, and their lack of
success was in the main caused by the
influence brought to bear upon their
followers by unscrupulous opponents,
who absolved themselves from all the
common rules of war in their dealings
• with these people on the principle that
| their barbarous condition denied them
! any rights.
! Tlio early history of Pittsburgh, says
a writer in the Dispatch, would not be
complete without some reference to
many of the Indian leaders who became
famous by their endeavors to prevent
the encroachment of the whites. The
conspiracies of Pontiac, Tecumseh, or
| the Prophet, and the results of the
; battles of Falleu Timbers, Tippecanoe,
and the Thames were all as important
events to Pittsburgh in their day as
was that memorable struggle at Gettys
burg nearly or quite a century later.
When Washington was dispatched on
his celebrated mission to the French by
Gov. Ginwiddie in 1853 he first con
ferred with the leading sachems of the
Six Nations, among whom was one
Tanacharison, the Half King, who, it
may be Haid, gave the future father of
! our country some of his earliest and
best points in statecraft. Of this man
Tanacharison, one writer, and an au
thority at that, has evou gone so far as
to say that in character he resembled
Washington very much and might have
equaled him in many ways had the con
ditions boon different.
It is worthy of note that the confer
ence between Washington and the Half
King took place hardly a dozen miles
from this city 137 years ago, on the 25tli
of the prosent month. Washington was
but 21 years of age at the time, and the
battle of Braddock's Field and York
town had not been fought, but the re
markable qualities which made him
famous afterward had already been
noted, and the visit to the French in
many ways added to his reputation, as
its result, us embobied in his "journal"
were copied by nearly every newspaper
of the time.
His companion, tho Half King, be
came thereafter his steadfast friend.
Tauacharison accompanied liim tho fol
lowing year on his expedition to dis
lodge the Fronch from tho disputed
territory on the Ohio, aud appeared to
be a sort of general counselor in all the
operations of the young American
leader until after the surrender of Fort
Necessity at the Great Meadows. The
ifriendly intercourse would no doubt
have been renewed thereafter, but
Tanaoliarison died at Harrisburg on
;October of that year. But little is
known of this chieftain's early history.
It is seldom that three children born
at one birth live. Still more rare is it,
In fact it is doubtful, if it ever did oo
eiir in a previous case, that the three
became famous in after life. However
such would be the history of Tecumseli,
some authorities spell it Tecumtha, tho
famous Shawnee, aud his brothers,
Esasawa, tho prophet, and Kumskaka.
The remarkable event took place at
Piqua, near Springfield, Ohio, about
the year 1770.
Space will not permit of an extended
account of these men, in fact any first
class biographical dictionary will
furnish that information, but certain it
is that no greater man among the o
people ever held sway than Tecumsoh.
In many respects lie differed from
many of his race. He was not fond of
display. He was at all times dignified
and austere in his manners; indeed, it
was these two qualities, it is claimed,
that gave him such control over his fol
lowers. Of his ability as a statesman it
may be said that in all his dealings
with tho United States Government
none but the ablest diplomats were per
mitted to meet him.
As an orator ho was almost match
less. There is extant an account of an
American spy who surreptitiously over
heard Tocumseh's harangue to his
warriors the night before tho battle of
the Thames. At the iinish the toss of
a cap would have made a renegade of
the scout, but happily, circumstances
prevailed that prevented this action,
and tho spy returned to the cam]) with
information that led to tho utter defeat
of tho Indians and British in the battlo
of tho following day and the death of
the noted warrior who was tho leading
spirit of the opposing forces.
Speaking of him as a soldier an
American military man said: "He was
an excellent judge of position, and not
only knew but could point out the
localities of the whole country through
which he passed," and English writers
say there were few oflicers of his time
in the United States service who were
better able to command in tho field.
American writers qualify this by adding,
"in his peculiar mode of warfare," but
admit that Tecumseh must have been
better skilled in military tactics than
most, if not all, of his countrymen,
whether predecessors or contemporaries.
Gn. Melknmp'. Three Wive..
The late Gen. Belknap was married
three times. Hia first wife was a Miss
Keid, of Keokuk. She was the sister
of his regimental commander, Hugh T.
Keid, after whom his first ehild and
only sou was named. There was a
good deal of romance about his second
marriage. While on duty in Kentucky
he captured a Major Tomlinson, of the
Coufederate army, and through him he
was introduced to two ladies, one of
whom afterwards beosne his second
and the other his third wife. They
wore Tomlinson's sisters, and lived at
Harrodsburg, Ky. His second wife
died in December, 1870. On hei death
bed she enjoined ber husband to marry
for his third wife her sister, who was
then the young and handsome widow
of a Confederate Colonel named Bow
ers, He married Mrs. Bowers in 1873.
Emerson on Newspapers.
In his book of conversations with |
Emerson, Mr. Woodbury reports the
seer as saying that "newspapers have
done much to abbreviate expression
and so to improve style."
This is "a hard saying" for the ac
ceptance of those small essayists and
other superior persons who decry the
newspapers; for one of their most fre- |
quent complaints is that the newspaper
writer, in the haste incident to his
work, discards the graces of rhetoric
and misleads the popular taste with
crude thought and unpolished ut
terance.
But Emerson was light and the
superior persons were wrong. The in
fluence of newspapers upon style has
been good, not bad. It has done much,
as Emerson says, "to abbreviate utter
ance," but that is not the whole of its ,
service. It has taught the value of sim
plicity in expression, of directness of j
style, and of clear thinking as the con- j
dition of clear writing. It has made ;
men understand the advantage of say- j
ing what is to be said and thon stopping. !
It has banished the exordium and the j
peroration of literature.
The assumption that the higher kind
of newspaper writing is hasty and slip
shod is unfounded. The newspaper
writer writes rapidly, but his miud has
been traiued to think rapidly and to
give quick formulation to thought. His '
mind is akin to that of the extem
poraneous orator.
lu miner reporting, done by novices,
the style iu often faulty and the dicta
tion sometimes bad, especially where
there is not timo for editorial revision;
but the editorial writing and the more
carefully done news and special articles
of any great modern newspaper will
compare very favorably indeed with
the book and magazine literature of
our time, in point of vigor and cor
rectness of form.
It is fortunate that this is so, because
the newspapers are now the chief
teachers of the people in this as in
other matters. They are much more
widely read than any other form of
literature read at all by the majority of
the people.
In this particular the tendency of the
newspapers is to grow steadily better.
They more and more insist upon the
best educational qualifications on the
part of the writers. They more and
more seek to enlist scholarship and
culture in their service, and men of the
highest literary qualifications are more
incliued to seek newspaper utterance !
as that which gives largest power and
influence to the messages they bear.
If Emerson had come to manhood in
our day ho would have found his true
vocation in a newspaper office. It is a
pity that ho did not have that oppor
tunity to reach hundreds of thousands !
with a wisdom that was uttered only to I
a chosen few.— New York World.
Sleep for School Children.
We all know how much greater is
the need of children for sleep than of
grown persons, and how necessary for
their good it is to be able fully to sat
isfy this need; but how great it is gen
erally at any particular age of the child
is very hard to define exactly. The
amount varies under different climatic
conditions. In Sweden, we consider a
sleep of eleven or twelve hours neces
sary for the younger school childron,
and of at least eight or nine hours for
the older ones. Yet the investigations
have shown that this requirement lacks
much of being met in all the classes,
through the whole school. Boys in the
higher classes get little more than seven
hours in bed; and as that is the aver
ago, it is easy to perceive that many of
them must content themselves with
still loss sleep. It is also evident from
the investigations that the sleeping
time is diminished with tlio increase of
the working hours from class to class,
so that pupils of the same ago enjoy
loss according as they are higher in
their classes. It thus appears con
stantly that in schools of relatively
lcbger hours of work, the sleeping time
of the pupils is correspondingly shorter.
In short, the prolongation of the work
ing hours takes place for the most part
at the cost of the time for sleep.—2'ro
fessor Key, in Popular Science
Monthly•
BEPCHAM'H P11.1.S cure Bilious and Nervous Ills.
The Austrian government proposes to as
j sumo control of telephones in Vienna.
\ OklabomaGulde Book and Mapsent any where
| on receiptof 6Ucts.Tyler & Co., Kaunas City, Mo.
j A fresh expulsion of anarchists from Switz
erland is imminent.
Timber, Mineral, Farm bands and Ranches
In Missouri, Kansas, Texas and Arkansas,
bout lit and sold. Tyler & Co., Kausos City, Mo.
FOR FIFTY YEA
Swifts Specific S. S. S. has a record enjoyed by no other
medicine. Considered Wonderful. s. 'sT s,
For over Mr. Henry V. Smith, of Belmont.
West Va., says: "he considers his PURELY
Titty years, cure of Scrofula by S. S. S., one of VcCE
. , , the most wonderful on record. H© T ARI F
It has been had the disease of the worst type
• I all his life until he was 22 years of AND
Curing all age, and his whole youth was em- IS HARM
fLI A bittered by It. Of course he had LESS
SOrtS Ot blOOd all sorts of treatment, but nothing TO iHS
~ £ benefited him permanently until r
trouble trom he took S. S. S. Which cleansed the U!)l
poison from his system, and cured DELIC VTE
a ordmafy him sound and well." CHILD.
pimple to the worse types of sorofula and blood poison.
lOOtiOH oiooo 4/to Mrf W swtfr Sfictnc CO., 4THPTH. 04.
Mi ELY H IiOT*U WarrTi BhfYork. Prlco 60
BForCoughstfCold. HOW TO GET WELL.
Th.r. 1. no Medicine Ilk. .. „
Use Dr. loblas' Venetian Lini-
DR. SCHENCK'S ment f you are suffering from
Alia uAtiin Chronic Rheumatism, Neu-
DULmUNIU ralgia, Pains in the Limbs,
■ Auniin Back r Chest, Sore Throats,
1 SYRUP Colds, Stiffened Joints, Con
ii u piMMntto tk, uut. ..d tracted Muscles. Warranted
d<— no, co.uin. tmriiti. oi tor over forty years to give
Sre!3S®SK,£ perfect satisfaction or the
m* r.oo pr J r . M mone y refunded.
OoMumpllon end 11. Cur., mailed fr M , Addr— „ * Mtll.haa e.rer ~1 been returned.
Dr. J.H. Sohanok a Bon, Philadelphia. B * u • " M drnl.t. Price JSc. and 50c.
DEPOT. DO MURRAY ST.. NEW YORK.
■ piSO'S REMEDY FOB CATARRH.—Best. Easiest tome
a Cheapest. Kellef Is ImmediaU'. A euro is certain For HK
Cold In the Head It has no equal. certain. tor
■ nostrils" {>!■!!!£" vl?' "uTTha h i ch .
nostras. lrlcc.oOe. hold by druEirlsts or sent by mall. IH
Address, E. T. HAZKLTIKE, Warren, TA. HI
To lluflmnrts.
You require a great deal from your
wife in the way of patience and tender
ness. Don't forget that she has equal
claims on you. Don't be gruff and rude
at home. Had you been that sort of
fellow before marriage the probabilities
are that you would bo sewing on your j
own buttons still. Don't make your
[ wife feel that she is an incumbrance on
: you by giving grudgingly. What she |
needs, give cheerfully, as if it were a
I pleasure to do so. She will feel bet
ter, and so will you. Don't meddle in
the affairs of the house under her
: charge. You have no moro right to
be poking your nose into the kitchen
I than she has to walk into your place of
1 business and give direction to your ern-
Dlovers.
I A patent has been granted for an electrical
j drill for oil wells.
Lee Wa's Chinese Headache Cure. Hann
-1 less in effect, quick and positive In action,
i Bent prepaid on receipt of SI per bottle.
Adeler & C 0..522 Wyandotte st.,Kai.baOlt>,Mo
! Maine mackerel fishermen make sl2 and
sls a day.
FITS stopped free by DR. RUHR'S (JURAT
NKHVB RESTORER. NO fits after first day's use.
Marvelous cures. Treatise and $3 trial bottle
tree. Dr. Wine. UUI Arch St.. PRiU,. i'a.
Marmalade for breakfast is a fad of Eng
-1 lirtl* importation.
De You Ever Speculate ?
Any person sendincr us their name and ad
, dress will receive information that will lead ,
to a fortune. BenJ. Lewis A Oo M Security •
Building, Kansas City, Mo.
I Eastern railroads are said to have cor- i
tiered the coal supply of Ohio.
Guaranteed five year eight per cent. First I
Mortgaifos on Kansas City property. Interest t
payable every six months; principal and inter
est collected when due and remitted without ,
expense to lender. For sale by J. 11. Buuerlein |
A Co., Kansas City, Mo. Write ior particulars
; The Japanese stand at the head in the'
matter of divorce.
Did you over go within a mile of a Boap fac
tory? If so you know what material they
mako soap or. Dobbins's Electric Boap fac
tory i- as l'reo from odor as a chair factory.
Try it once. Ask your grocer for it. Take no
Imitation.
The Canadians expect to send sardines to
Europe to compete with the French article.
Money invested in choice one hundred dol
lar building lots in suburbsuf Kansas City will
pay from live hundred to one thousand per
cent, the next few years under our plau. :£25
cash and $5 per month without interest cou
trolsa desirable lot. Particulars on application.
J. U. Bauerlein A Co., Kansas City, Mo.
j There are 208,749 railroad bridges in the
, Unit d Btnt s. spanning 3,213 miles.
A Pleasing Sense
i of health and strength renewed and of ease
and comfort follows the use of Syrup of Figs'
; a" it acts iu harmony with naturo to effectually
j cleanse the system when costivo or bilious.
For mle in CVc. and $1 bottles by all leading
druggists.
A California man has started into the
business of raising half-breed buffalo.
Deafness C'nn't be Cured
Ry local applications, as they cannot reach
the diseased portion of the car. There is only
one way to euro deal ness, and that is by con
stitutional remedies. Deafness is caused by
an inflamed condition of the mucous lining of
the Eustachian Tube. When this tube gets
inflamed you have a rumbling sound or imper
fect hearing, and when it is entirely closed, 1
Deafness is the resuU. and unless the inflam
mation can be taken out and this tube re
stored to its normal condition, hearing will be
destroyed forever; nine cases out of leu aro
caused by catarrh, which is nothing but an in
flamed condition of tho mucous surfaces.
We will give One Hundred Dollars Co.* any
case of Deafness (caused by catarrh) that we
cannot cure by taking Hail's Catarrh Cure.
Bead for circulars, free.
F. J. CHKNET A CO., Toledo, O.
Bold by druggists, 75 cents.
A winter of exceptional hardship and suf
fering among tho London poor is looked
for. (J52
Save the Boys
| And rave the girls—from their lutenso sufferings
fr> ni scrofula and other foul humors In the blood
by giving them Hood's Sarsaparlila. Thousands of
parents aro unspeakably happy and thousands of
children enjoy goo 1 health beoauso of what this
great blood purifier has douo f r thorn. It thor
ough'y eradicates all trace of scrofula, salt rheum,
etc., and vitalises and enriches the blood.
"Scrofula bunches in my neck disappeared when
Ito.ik Hood's Sarsaparlila."— A. B. KRLLKV, Park
orsburg, W. Va.
Hood's Sarsaparilla
Sold by all druggists. $1; six for s!i. Prepared only
by C. 1. HoOD ft CO., Lowell, Moos.
100 Doses One Dollar
m I EWIS' 98 £L LYE
L Powdered and Perfumed.
FSJNGFF (PATENTED.)
Tho strongest and purest Lye
l\ made. Will make tue best per-
Ag'•fumed Hard Soap in 20 min*
jRHf utes without boiling, Itistho
best for disinfecting sinks,
Ma closets, drains, washing bottles,
■■ barrels, paints, etc.
PENXA. SALT M'FO CO.
JOHSRftSJP Gen. Airin.l J'hi hi., I'a>.
]
Copyright, 1890.
Help yourself
if you're a suffering woman, with
the medicine that's been prepared
especially to help you —Dr. Pierce's
Favorite Prescription. It will do it
where others fait. For all the dis
eases peculiar to the sex—dragging
down pains, displacements, and other
weaknesses, it's a positive remedy.
It means a new life, and a longer
one, for every delicate woman. In
every case for which it's recom
mended, it gives satisfaction. It's
guaranteed to do so, or the money
is refunded.
It improves digestion, invigorates
the system, enriches the blood, dis
pels aches and pains, produces re
freshing sleep, dispels melancholy
and nervousness, and builds up both
flesh and strength. It is a legiti
mate medicine not a beverage.
Contains no alcohol to inebriate;
no syrup or sugar to sour or
ferment in the stomach and cause
distress. As peculiar in its mar
velous, remedial results as in its
composition. Therefore, don't be
put off with some worthless com
pound easily, but dishonestly, rec
ommended to bo " just as good."
CONDITION POWDER
Highly concent rated. Dose small. In quantity costs
!c"" than one-tenth cent a day per hen. Prevent* and
cures all diseases. If you can't get It. we send by mail
post-paid, ono pack. fee. Five 81. :• 1-1 lb. ran g1.a0,-
ft e.tn- $5. Express* paid. Testimonials free. Send stamps ot
cash. Farmers' Poultry uuido (price •!' > free with fI.OC
orders or more. 1. S. JOHNSON A: Co.. boat on. Mass.
T fcCOM * trrdlWJrSii: 1002-
l>t us. T AT OSI A INVESTMENT CO., TACOJU, WASH.
20c.; best, 25c. LEMAJUK'BSILK Jinx, Little Ferry N.J.
■ PATENTS jy'SS
A 111 Y BItF.ATII I'I.AVOR wnt free for
!i5 eentatstainys). Agents wanted, lady or gen-
I leinime very where. FAIRY BREATH MANUFAC
TURING COMPANY, 106 Duano Street, New York.
MfcOWS £?.
fIENSIQN^HMSSj^
S'liUS:
3 vrs in lAt wax. 16 adjudicating claims, atty since.
I>ll I Pouters, Agents, Women, Hoys, KVXKI!
yll I WHERE, 10.nU) firms waut lUi.UO persons
Till I permanently to liuiiil out paper* at #1 a
Ulbfts Ihousnnd. Particulars for a two-cent
stamp. A< IF.NTH lIEUAI.D, 15 \ Ut l'hila, l a.
ninnv i/yrrc POSITIVELYHKMBDIBD.
bA.UuT IVIILLO Greely rant Stretcher*
Adopted by students ut Harvard, Amherst, and other
I Colleges, nlso. bv professional and business men every
where. If not for sale in your town send 2.1 c. to
U. J. UUEKLY, 716 Washington Street, Boston.
PATENTS! 13M
formation. J. 11. CICALI.h -V C'll.i
Wnshiiigton, I>. Cm
nrypinMC NEW LAAV claims.
II n5! UH o A o ,y Milo B. iilcFeiis & Co.
Attorney., Ml!) 1' St., Wa.llillttsn, I). C.
Branch Offices, Clevelnuil, Drtroil.Cblniina,
PAR C H E ESI
TIIE It KMT IIOMK HA.IIE.
For 2) years on the market and exec s uli others.
; Price SI.OO each, mailed postpaid.
___ Selcii'iw iV Right** k
FBAZERAfk|
tUSU-? IN Tlllt \VOI£U> CRfiwJC
IPP" Get the Genuine. Sold, Everywhere
A XMAB HEALTH GIFT —4
(Exerciser Complete $5)
Is BEST OF ALL. CIRCULAR FRER. YY H
BOOKS; For "An Ideal Complexion . la
& Complete Physical Development," Va fl itt
tq Ills socts. "Health ft Strength j
Physical Culture," 40 Ills so cts. Chart j
II Dumb Bel ;,v lV;l--ys, 3; rts. 3■ all I I
Ad. JNO. E. DOWD'S Vocal A Physical W MM
Culture school, 116 Monroe St. Chi C 3110 :-Vr r^i
| rsITOOO~REWARD!
I The above reward will be paid for proof of
the existence of a better LINIMENT than
MERCHANT'S GARGLING OIL or a better
Worm Remedy than MERCHANT'S WORM
j TABLETS, Sold everywhere,
JOHN HODGE, Sec'y,
Merchant's Garbling Oil Co.,
1 T.c.ckport, N. Y., U. S. A.
-VASELINE-
E OR „^, H ,? i K -1i,1.A U 111 1,1, sent u, h T mall
we win ilellv, r, free 01 all charge., to uny pefmm lu
the Unit (1 .suites, all of the following urtlcles, care
fully packe .:
One two-ounce bottle of Pure Vaseline, - - loots.
One two-0111 ce bottle of Vaseline Pomade, - IB "
One Jar of Va* line Cold Cream, ..... JR
One t-'i ke of Vflaellne Camphor lee, . - . . in"
One Cake of Vaseline Soap, uiißcent<l, . . 10"
One Cake of Vaseline Soap, exquisitely seen ted, 20 "
One two-ounce butt.a of White Vaseline, • • M•*
Srr?
•Mnlll recMve ,in imUuliun which ha, Hlllc or no rrUu.
I hr.rhroi.gli .Mfg. Co.. q., Htnl. St., N. V.
Ho^
If you are thinking of building a house you ought
to buy the newbooE, PnllHerbt Au.er-run Arch*
Itrr.tnw*, or every man a complete builder, prepared
byßlfl* r , Palllser k Co., the well known architect*
* Builder or apy one Intending to
build or otherwise Interested thst can afford to be
XKhoufclt. It la a practical work and everybody buys
£ TUebest cheapest and most Popular work ever
ATJ . Building. NesrJy four hundred drawing*
1 A book In sir* and style, but wo have determlnedTto
i make It meet the iHunilsr demand, to suit the time*
to that it can ha easily reached by all.
j This book con tains let pages 11x14 Inches in elz*
and consists of Urge 9x12 piste pages, giving plana,
i elevations, perspective views, descriptions, owners?
names, actual cost of construcMou.nn auras rk,
and instructions llnw to Build 10Cottsges VilU*
Double Houses, Brick Block llousss, suitable for
citr suburbs, town and country, houses for the
and working meu's homes for all sections of tha
KhoWlFoutSjTwf HS?'
,ntn erMtlon of liiinJiiir"., ••I'cflpn of ,ltc. .u.
olonnent of Archlleom. ft I. worth fits my on,
but will ,nd Itln rP<;t cover bv lull,
on
AH, 111 K< c^-uinlio'o^Al
1 e Papar.^i|
"I'hiVdl C • rl •" , C ""
19 O.H.IKaRAHAK,M. D.
KB ■ . Amsterdam, N. Y.
M hy<h. W, fa AT , .old HI, a ft
aßlUrui CksmlmlOt. many years, and It has
' 'Sja Ftlruu""
Ohl* JW i>. K DYCffE A CO..
W Chi rags, 11V
OA anM s