DREAMING
BY C. VTKK.
Purple mists . p die hills
In the • quiver ;
Noislesslv rhc baubling lilla
Cili.i.- a n> the river.
In tho I'" ■ '• ho maplo trees
Fl/umt tin 11 oliiigf gay;
All tli*' spectrum s tk'oiiug tints,
silver shades and golden hints
Give of distant May.
Lazily I lie and dream
Of the winter coining,
Mingling fancies with (lie stream
And iho wild bees humming.
Will it he so blent for uio
As tho year now pu-f
Will it ah ino—will it fly
Quickly, quickly, u'-jckly by,
Bummer brought uus hopes so bright,
Auiumn sees them tiylng;
Summer camo with life and light,
Now the light it) dying.
But I lio while moments fly,
Dreaming what 'twill bo
When tho winter iliivs are here,
And once more th<- white Now Yea*
Bids mo enter free.
PLUM CITY, Wis.
OUR PLAN DIDN'T WORK
BY MOLLIE RICHARDS.
Mr. and Mrs. Jones Mere humble
people, in moderate circumstances,
and lived upon a small farm. They
had but one child, a daughter, Mho
was always called Sissy.
Sissy MAS about my age, and I was ,
about six years old, when "Father" j
Jones adopted me into his family.
"When I M as about eight years of age a
relative of Mr. Jones died. To attend '
the funeral M as a big day's journey for
his slow horse.
Tliey did not like to leave us with 1
the sole care of the place on the day |
of the funeral, yet they seemed to
think of no way to prevent it. So, for
that entire day we M ere left in charge
of everything.
They kept one horse, two cows, a
pig or two, and a great deal of poul- J
try. It was my work from the start, I
mine and Sissy's, to do what we could J
lor the cattle and poultry, and we
quarreled not a little over the M'ork.
We shared alike sport as M F ell as
M'ork, and were much together. Some
times Sissy exercised authority over
me, claiming her rights as lawful pos
sessor. This her parents Mould not
permit when they knew of it.
The work assigned lor us to do M*as
to water the cows at noon, at night
put them in their stable, feed tho poul
try, and. if tliey returned late, provide
wood and coal aud kindling.
I can see yet how Mother Jones
looked M'hen she started. She was
dressed in plain, old-fashioned garb,
and her eyes had a peculiar, wistful
expression. She cautioned us over
and over not to turn things topsy-turvy,
not to leave the house alone, or make
fires, as none was needed.
Mrs. Jones M as a very careful house
keeper. Our dinner Mas spread on tlio
kitchen table and neatly covered with
a spotless linen cloth.
After she had closed the kitchen
door she passionately embraced both
Sissy and I, as if she never expected to
see us alive agaiu. Then she slowly
walked to the old square-top carriage
and reluctantly climbed into it. Father
Jones looked worried as lie stepped in
after her and drove slowly away. We
had previously planned our sport and
were very impatient, so M-e thought
that they Mould never get started.
Next to the yard was a small field;
below this field Mas a large apple
orchard, in which wo Mere raising a
calf. This calf was very tame. Sissy
and I had made a pot of it, and had
quarreled not a little in selecting a
name. Finally, we decided on Daisy-
Dingle. that each might have an in
dividual claim upon the name.
1 had often told Sissy that I thought
if we could get the chance we might
ride upon Daisy-Dingle's back. When
we discovered that we were to have this
Sunday to ourselves we at once decided
that this Mould be a golden o])por
t unity.
We planned our ride with many
fears, lest it might he rainy, or perhaps
we might he seen and have our doings
reported.
The weather proved to be all that
we eould desire.
As soon as Mr. Jones drove off Sissy
and I skipped up stairs, for it had been
decided that Sissy must have a side
saddle, and she had things in readiness
to make one.
First, she produced two of her
mother's dresses, which were slightly
worn; then, with a big husk needle and
twine, we fashioned a saddle; the
sleeves served for stirrups.
Our nearest neighbors had gouo to
church and their house was closed, as
was nearly every house in the neigh
borhood.
The coast was clear. Daisy-Dingle
being a pet, did not object to the
saddle.
J insisted that Sissy should have the
first ride. She had no trouble getting
on, but her weight, together with fix
ing her feet in the stirrups, scared
Daisy-Dingle, who started at a full
gallop before we were ready.
Sissy, having no hold, fell off, her
feet entangled in the stirrups.
The saddle had been securely
fastened to the calf's back, and Sissy
was dragged a considerable distance.
I was badly scared.
Sissy was stunned and semi-con
scious for a time, but with the excep
tion of a few slight scratches, the worst
in her face, alio escaped uninjured.
The lower portion of the orchard was
low and swampy; through this Sissy
had been dragged.
Her dress was a sight to behold. It
being Sunday, she was permitted to
wear nno too tine for our occupation ;
besides being torn, it was brown and
green-stained from mud arid grass.
After the fright, finding Sissy not
badly injured, and being plucky, she
urged me to take a ride. Being abov,
I thought I could manage better. 't
got on and met with the same success,
only thnt f was not dragged when I
fell off, for the saddle had been aban
doned.
I'oor Daisy-Dingle did not know
wliat to make of such treatment. She
became wild.
We were now determined to have a
ride both together. How to get her to
stand still long enough for us to mount
upon her hack was the question. As
we found it impossible to do this, we
Imill took turns in
beating anil racing the poor calf many
times around the orchard and ovei
Mother Jones' dresses.
Finally Daisy-Dingle became ox
* haunted. It was dinner time, and wf
were hungry. So we concluded that il
we stopped to eat, perhaps by tlio timt
we came back Daisy-Dingle might per
mit us to take a ride.
Hastening to the house, we wert
hardly courageous enough to enter
We hud neglected to fasten doors 01
windows. Our appetites got the bet
ter of us, and we cautiously entered
Fortunately nothing liud been dis
turbed.
While eatiuer we auarreled oyer
certain piece of pie. i'ie aua plate
were broken and trampled upon the :
kitchen carpet. We were coming to r i
"fiat fight," when Sissy rememberec
that there was another pie of the kinc
j in the cellar. She brought it, aud wc j
devoured the most of it in peace.
While eating the pie we resolved ,
upon a new plan. In our eagerness to |
try it we forgot our noon work, and j
again leaving the house went to the |
orchard.
Poor Daisy-Dingle! It was a rather j
warm day in July, and at noon the
heat was oppressive for a poor worried
calf. Our plan did not work. Daisy- ,
Dingle M ould not stand, so we gave her
more exercise until at last she was con- j
quered.
Just as Sissy had taken her place i
astride the calf's back our neighbor,
who had returned from church, and (
who had been M atching us unobserved, j
came along, interfered, and we More
obliged to abandon our sport.
We Mere mortified and worried tc I
think we had been discovered, and tliup j
made liable to exposure as well as pun- j
ishment. We ran into the barn to hide, !
each blaming the other for what had I
been done. Soon tiring of this, we !
looked about to see what next we could
do unobserved.
Mr. Jones made cider for vinegar. |
He kept barrels of it in his barn, j
There M ere three barrels that Sissy and
I had often thought might still be fit
to drink, but how to get some had al
M ays been a puzzle.
We thought this an excellent oppor
tunity for tasting it.
The bungs M ere tight in each barrel, |
and we saw 110 possible May to got
them out; but instead of spigots there
were plugs that Me thought might bo j
easily knocked out. I gave one bard
hit and tlie cider, or rather vinegar, j
came suddenly spurting over both of
us in a stream, and we were thoroughly !
drenched.
We had planned to drink with j
straws, but did not even taste it, for ;
we made an effort to replace the plug, i
As it finally ceased flowing we con- 1
eluded that we were successful in stop- j
ping it. !
We tried the second and third bar- j
rels with almost the same result.
Next we hunted eggs. These we j
took to the kitchen, made a coal fire, |
j tilled the tea-kettlo with eggs aud ;
j water, put it over the tire, and closed |
i the stove.
While waiting for the eggs to boil
we remembered our work. As it Mas
getting late we dropped everything,
and. leaving the door wide open, pro- (
ceeded to water cattle.
In the midst of this Mr. and
! Mrs. Jones returned. They had been (
' very anxious about us, and came back :
| much earlier than Mas anticipated.
When Mother Jones caught sight of
! us she screamed, but M'hen she reach
ed the kitchen door and saw at one
glance the hot stove and a hungry
tramp feasting upon the remains of
our dinner, she gave one piercing
shriek and fainted aMay, which sc
scared the tramp that ho tied.
The kettle had boiled dry and wa?
emitting a strange odor.
The stove Mas hot enough to burst,
and the carpet M as irreparably spoiled.
Mrs. Jones Mas sick all niglit from
fright. The next morning Daisy-Dingle
Mas found dead.
Our neighbor came to tell of oui
doings in the orchard, just at the mo
ment Mr. Jones discovered, by the
smell of vinegar, what had happened
to his barrels.
Mrs. Jones about this time discov
ered the eggs and the ruined condition
of the tea-kettle. She could not find
the dress she had wished to wear that
day, nor could she for a long time get
over the loss of two, or the ruined con
dition of our clothes,besides everything
else.
J They wisely concluded to never leave
us alone again.
Both M ere too indulgent to punish us
severely, so we got off with a mild
reprimand. They blamed themselves
for not getting an older person to take
charge of us.
Years have passed. Both Mr. and
Mrs. Jones are dead. Sissy and I are
married. From this we learned a good
moral, and it serves us well in our own
family of little ones. It is this: Nevei
leave children alone Mith the care of a
house.
Be Wary 01 i;noosing, Uiris.
It Mas excellent advice I saw lately
given to vonng ladies urging tliem to
marry only gentlemen or not marry at
all. A true gentleman is generous
and uuselfish. He regards another's
happiness and wclfaro as well as his
own. You will see the trait running
through all liis actions. A man who is
a bear at home among his sisters and
discourteous to liis mother is just the
man to avoid when you eome to the
great question which is to be answered
yes or no. You need not die old maids.
But wait until the prince passes by.
No harm in delay.
You M ill not be apt to find him in
the ball-room. Nor is he a champion
billiard player. He has not had timo
to become a "champion," for ho has
had too much honest, earnest work to
do iu the world. I have always ob
served that these "champions" were
seldom good for much else.
Bo wary in choosing, girls, when so
much is at stake. Do not mistake a
passing fancy for undying love. Mar
rying in haste rarely ends well. Do
not resent too much the interference
of your parents. You will travel long
anil far in this world before you Mill
find any one who lias your true inter
est at heart more than your father and
mother.— Philadelphia Record.
A Curious Optical Illusion.
A very striking optical illusion oc- I
curred to an author while engaged in j
writing. He Mas seated at a table, .
with two candles beforo him, when
iq on directing his eyes to them, he M as
I surprise dto observe, apparently among
his hair, and nearly straight above his
head, but far without the range of vis
ion, a distinct image of one of the can
dles. rhe image was as perfect as if
it had been formed by reflection from a !
piece of mirror glass; but where the !
reflecting surface was he could not at
first discover. He examined his eye
brows and eyelashes, but in vain. *At
length a lady tried her skill, and after
a careful search she perceived, between
two eyelashes, a very minute speck,
which, on being removed, turned out
to bo a chip of red Max, highly pol
ished, which was tho real mirror on the
occasion, and M'hich had probably
started into his eye when he M as break
ing the seal of a letter, only a short
time before ho observed the phenome-
I -utm
~\V ity not pour tne anna into trie gut
ter V It, iH destined to fclio gutter at
last. Why not pour it there at once,
and not wait to strain it through a
man, and spoil the strainer iu the
work V
THE AMERICAN TRAMP. |
AS MIGRATORY IN HIS HARITS AS A
WATKII-POWL.
1 In tli Snnuner He Invades tlio Rural Dis
• tricts, but Front and Cold Drive Him to
I tlio City. Where He Hecome* u "Hum"—
j Ills Mode r Life The Final End.
indeed, all nat
ure seems to move in
circles, to widch rult
thoso children of nat
ure. "trumps,"form no
exception.
J'ho word "tramp" is a generic term and
eomprisss many species, between whieli
the universal points of resemblance uio a
loathing of work and a passionate love ol
variety, both in diet and s-c no.
From the plain signification of tho term,
tho tramp, as a class, first earned tho title
upon long stretches of country road, lurn-
I pikes, and railway tracks. It isamidiura)
j scenes that he forgets whatever trado oi
i occupation ho learned in town or city, and
by slow gradations becomes ino o boarded,
dirtier, roggoder, and. if possible, more
lazy and better contented with his vagrant
lot.
As the tramp is tho child of the country,
it is there, upon his native heath, that he
must bo studdied by one who aspires tc
become the historian or his class. With
country people and those who dwell in
villages and towns he is a ramiliar sight
and in his "own proper person" is known
to all.
Acting, whether on tho stage o r the thea
ter, or tho broader stage of actual life,
i lias over been uc- -x T
; counted a pieasur- ygA I
: able occupation. To jjIHK
I this feeling your
tramp offers no ex
j ception. When tho j
I generous crop of /
! melons and fruits My
Juis harv<)>t
| shock; when the
j longer to BUMPY DUMP.
I keep off tlie cold, nnd frost through sole
j less shoes bit'-s his toes; in short, when
i winter is at hand, tho tramp loaves his fa
( miliar, mueh-lovod "stampiug-ground."
I aud turns liis face cityward, there to enter
I upon another phase of his hybrid exist
ence.
Tho water-fowl, which, answering from
i time to timo the shrill call of its loader and
I Bailing graoeiully away to the southward,
i Is no more an indication that the "pleasant
I days of autumn are ended, than is tho
i tramp's arrival in the great cities.
Once there lie undergoes a decided
I Change. His wardrobe is usually improved,
for city people discard their clothing at an
earlier stage than do their country coubmis,
j but tho great transformation is in liis mun-
I nor and mode of life. Not only is ho sur-
I roundel by the police, whose watchful
eyes lestrain him from many of tho acts ol
! lawlessness in which h • has freely in
dulged during tho long "merry summer
months." but the narrow confines to which
lie is limited, the jostling masses with
whom he comes in daily contact, and the
radically different life ho is compelled to
adopt, deprive him of the light-hearted,
free-and-easy air that porvades him as he
| approaches a country mansion and do
| mands a meal from the good housewife in
i ; a tono that would well booomo a genera)
demanding the capitulation of a fortress.
In the largo cities the tramp so far loses
his identity as to poso under another name,
and that still lower in tho scale than the
j
ON Tni! TRAMP.
one ho has rightly earned. When ho be
comes a denizen of one of the groat centers
of population ho is known as a "bum." and
conducts himself in a wav to fairly entitle
him to the rather vulgar but suggestive
appellation.
Although the city life of tho tramp varies
greatly from his normal state of existence,
still thore is one rule of his 1110 from M'hich
ho never departs—-under 110 circumstances
does lie seek any regular employment. As
ii cAor for begging or petty thieving, ho
may tearfully ask for work, hut witli no in
tention of performing it if afforded an op
portunity. Sometimes lie is soon clearing
away the snow from steps and sidewalks,
j and occasionally actually carrying in a ton
of coal. But to bo brought to tills he must
I bo in pressing need of money, or, what is
more likely, lacking in professional self-re
spect. which draws the lino at all forms of
manual labor.
"Ptehso give mo ton conts to get a lodg
ing."
| This is tho stereotyped appeal most frc
i qucntly made. It iH tho one most likely to
i develop sympathy, especially on a cold or
stormy evening, and, besides, a lodging
place is tho ono great necessity of his ex
istence, Ho can beg plenty of food and
clothing, and llnd numerous pianos to warm
himself during the day. but when night
comes on ho must, find a place to sloop, and
that M'hich for hair a year lias been as free
as tho boundless air and the water in purl
ing brooks, becomes the ono anxiety of his
otho-wise light-hearted existence.
In some eitlos there are lodging-houses
Where a bed. or rather a board, is supplied
on a basis of work to be periormcd in tho
morning. Those are rarely patronized by
the professional tramp; but to see them at
Iheir task, sawing the "stint" of wood as
signed them, or breaking stones for paving,
is an amusing if not an inspiring sight.
AII large cities abound in cheap lodging
houses, which are generally operated on a
basis of ten cents for tho cheapest accom
modations. Sometimes a large and respect
able-looking building is devoted t<> the
business. M'hich boasts of many grades of
prices and corresponding comforts, ris ng
to tho dignity of a private room.with shoots
on tlio bod. But the greater number of
tramps sloop in underground lodging
houses.
Tho basement or cellar or a building on
one of tho poorer but central streets is gen
erally utilized for this purpose. Tho
"guest" enters the front portico, or which a
square space, perhaps twenty feet each
way. is set apart as the eommon room, and
dignified by the name of "office."
Hero ho pays his dimo, frequently In tho
i form of pennies, and reeeivos a check
I which entitles him to a bunk and the froe-
I doin of tho place. This preliminary once
! dispatched, and tho relation of landlord
and guest established, a visible change
takes piac 0 in tho manner and beating of
tho latter. He is an outcast and a vagrant
[ no longer. Tho lire that burns in tho huge
salamander stovo and raises tho tempera
turoof tho place to a point where blankets
or covoririg of any kind would bo a but don.
is his very own, aud the rude lamps on the
I wail are burning tor mm. Tnougn aressou ]
j In rags he swaggers about with tho airs of
aldude and the liautcur of one of Gotham's
famous "four hundred."
I Having secured a chair and tilted it back
against tho wall at tho desired nnglo. ho
produces a pipe, generally a corn-cob one.
as a reminder of the country, and having
"loaded it." the ammunition being often a
discarded cigar stub, of which he provi led
himself with a supply during tho day. adds
a volume of stifling smoke to the ulready
loul atmosphere of tlio place.
Next, ho ordinarily brings forth a soiled
and crumpled newspaper and proceeds to
entertain and enlighten himself with the
j news of tho day. It may appear strange,
j mt not only o m most tramps read, but
! nuny of them are men of considerable edu
cation, whom hard fortune and disappoint
j luent in business or love has driven to
brink. Irom which tho transition tou tramp
| s frequently u swift and easy one.
Hoi e. too. are eurriod on many discussions
of which the newspapers make no report,
though they are oiton lllled with less enter
taining matter. Polities is tbo staple sub
| ject As between the two leading parties
tlio honors are about oven: tho socialists
Sire a good third, while, to the credit of tho
party be it said, the I'rohibitionislH are
represented. "Protection." "free
trade." "grinding monopolies," tho merits
of candidates, and the acts and policy ot
the Government, are discussed without
reserve, and often as understandingly as
In tho political club-liousus above ground.
Iteliffion is another fruitful theme, and all
shades of opinions, from atheism to
orthodoxy, are expressed.
borne men actually earn money in these
ten-oent lodging-houses. Oneway-haired,
long-boarded old tramp is known in most
Western cities, all of which ho visits at
times, as "Humpy Gump." Bumpy is u
phrenologist, and when tlio "oflice" is most
crowded olton appears with a huge chart
and a human skull. He hangs the one on
tho wall aud poising the other in his hand
calls tor subjects. His charges vary with
the llnancial condition of tho party, from a
penny to a dime, tho latter being high
water mark. Trumps, like other people,
love amusements, and are curious as to tho
character of their associates, and "Humpy
Gump" often makes as much as a dollar in
a single evening, though ho may have to
buy a "chock" at two or three different
lodging-houses to accomplish it.
By midnight mostot tlio guests are sleep
ing as soundly as tlio vermin and stifling
air will permit. Tlio sanitary police often
visit these places and compel them to adopt
some form of ventilation. Fresh air. how- !
over, means u lot-s of heat, which in turn
represents a useless consumption of coal,
mid tho openings are generally closed upon
tho departure of tho officers.
The sleeping accommodations consist oi
bunks ranged ogainst the walls from the
lloor to tho ceiling. Homo are supplied
with a rude apology tor u mattress, but for
the most part they consist of the bare
boards, with an elevated portion for the
uoad. much after tlio fashion or tho steer
age of a great ocean steamship.
Included with lo iglug, some "snoozing
places," as they are sometimes called, give,
oy way of breakfast, a "duffer" of bread
ind a bowl of a decoction dignified by tho
name of coffee, but manufactured from
I unit rye and the grounds procured f om
hotels and restaurants.
The absolute oquality of men has novor
oeen any place long maintained, anil even
among tramps an I bums there are grades
>f society. Not long since tho writer wit
nessed a street mooting between two
tramps which iilustratos the point.
"Hello, Jem!" said ono, as he shifted a
Dundlo from ono arm to the other and u
Qugo quid of tobacco across his moth.
"H< 110, yourself!" responded tho other.
'How'vo you done to-day?"
"Pretty good. I got three square meals
—cold moat. Worccstoishiie sauce an 1 pie
dinner—two shirts, u vest, and twenty cents
spot cash. That ain't doln' so bad. hoy?"
"Bad! bah! Its fiendish, bad enough to
; pottle tho personal devil controversy."
"What are you giviu' me?"
"Nothing, and I wish no ono else would.
1 You'io lacking in self-respect!"
1 "Did vou do bettor?" '
"Did 1 do better? If I didn't I'd stop on
and obliterate myself. Two shirts! Bahl
| Three meals, off the leavings ot some oris*
tocrat! Ugh! Twenty cents! 1 hoo!"
"What did you git?"
"What did I got? I was offered three
6hirts and a pair of pants. Told tho well
meaning but misguided woman that I
wasn't un old clothes man, and rocommend
td her to sell them to a Jew. 1 take no
meals or shirts or trash ot any kind. It
takes money to do business with me. I took
in a dollar and forty cents to-dav. When 1
want meals I walk into a restaurant and
order 'em. When I want shirts 1 go to
Cheap John's UP tho street an l. buy 'om.
1 Shirts! ( old victuals! Git out of my
sight! You're a disgrace, a burning dis
grace to the profession, you are."
~ln extreme cold weather, when the mer
cury reaches "bulbwards," the tramps
Honiotimos suffer. Tnon it is hard to se-
CUro tho price of a lodging, and many aro
driven to oxtroinitios. At such times, how
ever, the police stations aro thrown open,
and groat numbers accommodated and
kept Irom freezing. Tie surplus cells are
filled and as many more aro lodged upon
tho brood flagstones which cover them. A
hundred and more a r e often stowed away
in a single police station. In tho morning
they are given a duffer and a bowl of coffee,
and sent udrilt.
Most tramps aro made so by drink, and
that monster continues to rule them with
an Iron hand. Most of tho monuv begged
or stolon by them finds its way to the cFioap
saloons and "barrel-houses!" Many low
resorts are supported by money begged
under tho pretense that tho supplicant Is
starving, or is without the moans of pro
curing a i laoe to sleep. These low saloons
are tho principal loafing places of tramp-"
during the day., Tlio investment of flvo
cents in a drink entitles thorn to warm
themselves at the lire and lounge about for
a time. Soon, however, they are driven
out attain, to procure the prioeot another
drink, with tho accompanying "freedom of
the saloon."
During a long and cold winter numbers
become sick and find their way to tho hos
pital. and later to tlio potter's field. Such
as survive do not needlessly prolong their
Irksome city life, but depart oarly enough
A TRAMPS' END.
to soo the first violets bloom by the sido ol
country lanes, and taste tho sweet butter to
which the fresh spring grass lias lmpartcu
tho color of gold.
And so on. until one day they aro missed
from their trail among tho farms and tho
lunch counter in the city, and their long
tramp Is ended at an unmarked grave.
D WIOHT BALDWIN.
Pretty (Slris in Cages.
Ono of tho pretty sights in the
Treasury is fifteen or twenty handsome
I ladies in cages. Pretty women are not
I so scarce in the department that when
| they get hold of one they put her in a
! cage, but the ladies referred to oc
j cupy their little prisons in accordance
j with au old custom. The Comptroller
i of the Currency has decided to revive
a system in vogue some years ago by
putting a safeguard around the coun
j ters of money and isolating them in j
! littlo iron cages. They are put in
their prisons in the morning, large
piles of notes aro given them, and
there they sit all day long counting
the currency as fast as their fingers
can move. The only communication
tlio ladies have with any one outside
I of their cages is through a speaking
tube connecting them with the Chief
of the Bureau. Tho ladies, naturally,
i don't take to this arrangement very kind
ly.—Pittsburg Commercial's Wash
inglon letter.
Consistency.
Wife—You shabby man! There's a
big hole fin your trousers. I should
certainly think you would get a new
pair and look docent.
Husband (two hours later, display
ing new trousers)— What do you think
of these? Ten dollars.
Wife (crying)— That's just like you,
(when you knew I wanted ft new bou
net.—Clothier and Furnisher,
MERCANTILE MARINE.
DIFFGKKNCE DKTWIEN LAKE AND
Of IS ANA ICC 111TE CTUII IS.
Opinions at Variance UM to tlio Helative
Merits r the Two—Both Sil o s of tlie
Question -Tlio Laker the llcnt Carrier—
The CliuiiKe from "Wood to Metal.
iUi jSIL architecture ot
■ - he
i much difference
01 w ® o 11
b freighter on the
' nlim d fiCfts nQ(I
carriers ou
and tide
ißrwutor as there
r " ~ ■ between a steam
and a horse onr.
But the difference in the constiuction
of lake craft, as against the steamers ply
ing the ocean and deeper rivers, lies most
ly, in fact almost wholly, beneath the
water line. The rakish build of the hull
and upper works of the Atlantic merchant-
AN ANCHOR - LINER.
men has been aped on lake vessels. The
arrangement of cargo holds, driving power
and rig of the salt-water steamers, to a
great oxtout, bus been copied by the stoaui
ship builders on the lakes, with varying
moditications.
The fast freight and passenger boats
of I.oug Island Sound, with their tower
ing double and treble tiers of saloons and
deck-houses, the shallow-drafted, broad
bottomed boats for trade with the barred
harbors and in the shallow rivers of the
South, the deep-drifted ocean carriers,
with thoir freeboard of the Atlantic, and
the freighters and passenger steamers of
the great lakes, represent to an unmis
takable degree opposing types, tbo con
struction of which involves a varying dis
tribution of proportions and materials.
It is now some twenty years since iron
and some three years since steel began to
A TWO-THOUSAND-TONNEB.
enter largely into tho construction of the
mercantile marine of tho United States,
says a writer in tho Chicago Inter Ocean.
Since this change tho use of motal in
ship-building has greatly increased, and
in vessels propelled by steam has prac
tically usurped the place of wood. It
lias extended over the transatlantic,
transpacific, and coastwise trade to our
own lakes, aud the network of rivers and
canals, whose ramifications extend the
advantages of water transportation over
a gieat area of the United States.
It has boon said that the change from
wood to metal was not a good one; that
stout oak would withstand a greater
strain than steel, aud that a wooden
vessel on a rocky reef would live longer
than a ship constructed of iron or steel.
Without touching the relativo merits of
material used in tho construction of the
hulls, tho purpose of this article is to
show to what an extent, in architecture,
the bout of tho lakes differs from that of
deep aud tide water.
Tho propellers running between Chi
cago and buffalo in connection with rail
roads, and tho ore-carriers engaged in the
FOlt GRAIN AND PACKAGE FREIGHT.
transportation of that mineral betweer
tbo mines of the Lake Superior regior
and the Lako Erie furnaces, may proper
ly bo called tho representative steamers
of tho lakoß. They represent an outlay
ooveiing upward of (50 per cent, of the en
tire value of floating property on the
lakes, and carry more than half of the
merchandise transported.
As to the relative merits in general
build of tho lako freighter as against the
suit water steamers, opinion appears to
A RAILROAD FEEDER.
bo about equally divided. "You cannot
coraparo tho two," said an old and expe
rinced vessel-owner and ex-master yester
day. "Tho lake steamer is so far tho
stronger and bettor of tho two in every
respect that comparison is out of the ques
tion. This refers alike to the sailing ves
sel and the steamship. Of tho former I
will relate au incident which will bear me
out in tho assertion,
"In tho fall of '75 the schooner Pamlico
cleared this port for Liverpool with a
cargo of grain. She was a regular laks
trader. It was the lirst load of grain
which ever was shipped direct, and the
first Americin bottom the Canadian Gov.
eminent grnnted permission to go through
the St. Lawrence luver. The boat got out
and ran into the Atlantic in the teeth
of a westerly gale. She was a typical
biker, bluff-bottomed, roomy beneath the
water line, end of little draft. Well, sir,
she got tho weather good and hard. She
lost one of her spars, and her canvas waf
torn into shreds. To make a long story
short, she was driven beforo the westerly
gales for six weeks, disabled and without
enough canvas to give her steeragewav.
In this fashion she scudded from St.
Johns to withiu 500 miles of Cork, where
a steamer picked ter up aim towod liei
in'o port. If ever a vessel was put to the
tost, the Fimlico was. I hold thnt the
one thing that saved her was her blull
hull, she would mount the heavy seas
as they come along, instead of having
them jump and spend their force against
A STKAMHAKOE.
nor sidefc, as in the case ot the deep
draft vessels. A shoal vessel will make
better weather in a gale of wind and o
heavy sea, and will show up with com
pnratively dry docks alongside a vessel
of the same size drawing eighteen or
twenty feet of water.
OUTSIDE TUG.
When a survey was held on the Pim
lico, to ascertain what etraiu and weai
sho bad sustained in her six-weeks' ordeal,
sho showed up as sound nnd as tight as
she was the day she was launched. A
regular ocean sailor, I warrant, would
never have weathered that storm as she
did.
"Why, tliero is iiot a bottom on these
lakes but will drown an ocean vessel in a
storm. I would consider myself safer
aboard the Owego, the Chemung, Sus
quehanna, or a dozen other vessels I
could name, in a storm on the Atlantic
than I would 011 any of the big ocean
liners. They are more buoyant. They
have not got twenty-six or twenty-eight
feet of hull under water. They rise up
with the swell and ride it out. The seas
would not mount them and sweep every
thing off the decks. Their lifting power
is greater and their displacement less. I
hold, too. that all gales on these lakes
are a great deal more severe than on the
ocean, and that our shipping passes us
severe tests as any in the world. The
sous here are shorter and more choppy.
The heavy, short, breaking sea is the
dangerous one.
"And, then, look at the rapid strides
our lake marine lias been making. Take,
for example, such boats as the America
IIARBOII TUO.
or the A. P. Wright. Either of these will
take on a load of 100,000 bushels of grain
here and go to Buffalo, and the running
oxpeußes of either boat will be less than
incurred by the old-fashioned carriers of
twenty years ago, that had all they could
take care of in a load of 25,000 or 30,000
bushels. The evolution in marine archi
tecture on these lakes has been something
remarkablo. Where in former years they
launched ten schooners for every one
steamboat the order is now reversed.
The schooner in twenty years henco will
be nn obsolete institution. Steam has
almost wholly supplanted canvas. Steam
stoering gear, steam capstnn and the
many auxiliary engines now aboard of 0
steamer, in former yoars were unthought
of. No; lam a laker from keel to mast
head. I believe wo are far ahead of the
salt-water merchantmen. Our models,
our strongth of build, our capacities,
everything save speed, have been keeping
paco with the modorn style of construc
tion."
The Artist Was Crushed.
Sometimes the lowest worm will
turn. This'was demonstrated when
Jacob Pfalsgraff went into a Grand
street barber shop yesterday to have
his hair cut. The barber ran his lingers
through the victim's scant locks and,
after viewing them with a critic's eye,
asked with the usual scorn :
"Who cut that hair last?"
Mr. Pfalsgraff was mad clear
through in a minute, and replied:
"Dot vos not some ov your pi-hness
who cud dot hair der last dime, ofer
who cuds him der first dime, neider. I
haf got me hlenty money to bay for
cuddin' him this dime, uud 1 cooin py
your chair, pecause all der rest ov del
barbers vos busy. Maype I haf dot
hair cud pv der Paris Exposition, uud
maype I cuds him mineself."
The barber was could
only find words to ask :
"How will you have it cut?"
"Yoost like you cuds him der last
dime."
It was at this instant that the bar
ber recognized in Mr. Pfalsgraff a for
mer customer, and the words fell on
the dull, cold ear of a barber who
had fainted.
A Severe Test.
"My dear sir, this position carries
with it a great responsibility. Can you
convince me that you are capable oi
filling it?"
"1 think I can, sir."
"You must be a man of great dis
cretion, possessed of a keen insight,
capable of judging accurately between
right and wrong."
"I think I can satisfy you, sir."
"You must be able to discover the
truth, no matter how it may be dis
guised, and must be well read 011 cur
rent events."
"Yes, sir ; I think I can fill the bill."
"Well, what are your credentials?"
"I have been examined for a jury
six times, and been rejected every
time."
"I think you will do. You must be
a man of great capability and intelli
gence."
Paganini and the Cabman.
Tlio celebrated violinist, Paganini,
had once to give a concert at the Carlo
T elice in Genoa, and being late, he
drove in a cab. 011 alighting he offered
the usual faro to the cabman, who re
fused it, saying that a great man, who
was able to play as well on one string
as on four, ought to give him at least
double the fare.
"Very well," answered Paganini, "I
will pay you double when you will be
able to drive me to the theater on one
wheel."— Pick-Me- Up,
FADS OF NEW YORK WOMEN.
Coachmen May Horvo an Ch iperomi.
\ O you know that the
f acutely modish girl in
| jkNew York may ride alone
Yp i% in a coupe at any time of
jT\Mnight, without breaking
)tho fragile rules of pro-
Iprietv, if only the driver
/ oil the box be the family
A coachman ? It was not
J 8 ° until very lately. She
p 1 | might go out shopping 01
\ \ calling by daylight with
\ I uo carriage companion,
I but after dark she was
|r r* forbidden to make the
I J] shortest trip on wheels,
I no ma tter now safely in-
II * I closed, all alone by liei
11 own self. They used to
ll H —J a father ol
B a frisky belle that, hav-
K - IMS ing to send her in a close
carriage one evening to
II lilr 11l l 0 house a friend, he
Y lll l_ sealed the door shut, as
though it had been an ollicial envelope,
to be broken otdy at the end of the
drive. As that same girl has since
eloped with a forbidden wooer, it seems
that parental caution was of no avail.
Presumably it was against invasion,
and not escape, however, that usage
demanded a chaperon for the McAllis
ter maiden when out in a carriage at
night. But we in New York are not
apt to let customs stale, and so we
have for the winter made it an unwrit
ten law that the coachman may serve
as a chaperon. Ho must be a genuine
employe of the family, and not a man
hired with the eqnippage from a public
stable; he must be a sedate and mid
dle-aged fellow iu full livery; and he
must impressively escort his charge
betwixt curbstone and portal when
ever she enters or quits the house ol
her visit. The innovation is sanctioned
by several of "our best families," and
is therefore bound to be generally ac
cepted. Who knows but the next ad
vance toward freedom of action for my
sex may be permission to go to thea
ters unattended, save to the entrance,
by the chaperoning coachman ?
It was in the private parlor of a
fashionable hotel. The mistress of the
suite had just received a new bonnet
from the milliner, and the open box
was on the table wlien several friends
called, one of whom was an acknowl
edged admirer. The bonnet was espied
at once; the lady not unwillingly
yielded to the call to try it on; its per
fect taste and hecomiugness were com
mented on till the owner's fair face
Hushed and spnrkled with gratißed
vanity. Suddenly she summoned her
maid, and with a wicked smile, uu
suited to beautiful lips, gave the aston
ishing order: "Lucille, go ask Mrs. X.
if she will let me see, just for a
moment, her last bonnet—with my
compliments."
"You'll not get that bonnet," laughed
one of her friends.
"Oh, yes, I will. X. is immensely
obliging, and wo are prodigious
friends."
The maid quickly returned, and ac
tually brought a box with "zo Madam's
compleemenz." The borrowed bonnet
was then exliibitod with more wicked
smiles, shrugs, and grimaces, which
eloquently expressed the lady's opinion
of her dear friend's taste. The l>on
net, in truth, was not a thing of beau
ty, hut one could see that it was im
mensely expensive. When tho viva
cious lady, however, flushed with the
praises of her own taste and beauty,
placed the combination of velvet,
feathers, and laee over the Huffy head
of her poodle, and Riled the suite with
peals of mocking laughter, even her
admirors forced tho smile that re
sponded to her ill-timed mirth. Hap
pily she had the grace to make tlie
play a short one, hut when Lucille
was recalled to return tho bonnet,
with the meaningless thanks of her
mistress, it was evident that tlioro had
been, beyond the portiere, one appre
ciative witness of tho unbecoming per
formance. — Hew York Cor. Chicago
Ledger. _
Cornfield Philosophy.
mocking-bird
. I does not sing to
I amuse his neigh
hors. He sings
because ho cau-
W not help it, and
Ajk \ W won 1 d whistle
B/vAjp V just as cheerfully
|f ™ if there was not
ft f a living thing
I I within seven
W- When a shoe
'v that is too tight
tytWKWBM i. [MI. 'l quits hurting it
}*■ es no ' niean
.jLvWJ -IT that your foot is
smaller or the shoo larger. It means
that yon have become aoeustomed to
the misery.
Do not judge a man by the clothes
he wears. They may belong to some
one else.
A paper collar may l>e around the
neck of an honest man, but from the
fact that it is a species of fraud, it is
more likely to bo worn by the confi
dence man.
One poet has remarked that an
honest man is the noblest work ol
God, and another has said that Time's
noblest offspring is the Inst. This
would indicate that an honest man was
a thing of the future.
It is only after a man has run off
with all the money in the bank and
somebody's wife that it is remembered
thnt he was an exemplary citizen and
a prominent church member.
Plowing deep is hard ou your horse,
but it will insure yon bigger crops.
A man cau have a haliit, but no
one ever heard of the person who was
habitually honest. Chicago Ledger.
A Puzzler.
"I met with an agitating experience
the other day," said a young traveling
man.
"What was it?"
"A young lady said she was going to
faint."
"What did you do?"
"I told her to wait a minute and we
would he at her father's house—then
she could sit on the steps."
"And did she faint then ?"
"No; I can't quite understand it."
THE Dalil process of preserving milk
by sterilizing it and excluding atmos
pheric germs is stated to have come
into use only in Norway, but efforts
are now being made to introduce it into
England. In this process fresh milk is
placed in cans, which arc hermetically
sealed and then alternately heated ana
cooled until every organism or germ is
supposed to have been destroyed. Milk
thus treated may bo kept in tho un
opened cans for an indefinite period,
and has been found after three years
to have the taste and appearance of thq
best, fresh milk.