THE ELK ADVOCATE lf.K ADVOCATE Ridgway. Pa, Nov. 4th 1835. 2l v.-in ffvuthtUthe P'ntlhr penph'iriflhttmaintan t'narrrd bu parly and unlrtbrd by pain ; Tltdqtd but to Truth. f,ihrrttt and Laic, JV'o faror iwai u and no fear thall avt " " s77rTCTTKN(jn"i7I:o7" AnVERTIsVtNO Ar.FNPV 11 9 Nassau St. New York and 1 0 State St., Boston S. M. VFITTKXfiTMj Co., are the Apcnta for the Kt.K Advocate find the most, influential and lnrsrost. pirtMilatine Vewspapers in the United States and the Canadas- they are authorized to con tact for us at our lowest rate. Not Beaten Not PF.rrATrn btt Overpowered by numbers, the pallan Petuocracy of the Key stone State. sub mittingto the verdict of the people, battle as stronply to day for the prinei pies, for which they have ever fou-.-ht. The immutable principles for whioh they 9o nobly struggle, io the end must tri. uuiph. The bud arises none the less brilliant, none the loss surely because no gleam of litjht has broken the dark, ness of the night. We arc beaten not because we were not deserving of suc cess, not because w advosated perni cious principles, but simply because of the miserable apathy widespread among tho people of the State. It is by no means, however, a Cimmerian darkness in which we are enveloped. No indeed; but rather iu the golden light of the dawn, proceeding the more brilliant day No longer, do we hear of majorities of hundreds or fifties of thousands. No Jongcr does the tornado of fanaticism roar through the forests and over the mountains of old Pennsylvania; bntthe triumph of the Hangman and Martinet is secured by a miserable majority more miserably eked out by miserable tric!c. cry and the free use of very seandalous. ly miserable money. The fact is the progress of tho Republican paty has been a rotrogradc movement. Let them have such another victory and it would be better for theni bad they been de feated. There is nothing to discoungo u. I.ct us only profit by the stern lessons which our sai experience has taught us; wl idly sit ao call upon some Hercu les 1 1 assist us, but let us work ourselves. On our succe.-s depends the future. So long as the people consent that the infamous, law defying, woman hanging party shall misrule us, so long will the vultur prey upon the vitals of the nation, and vampires suck the blood of its mighty heart. "Let facts be sub mitted to a candid world." Over 80 years of unexampled prosperity. Our flag hailed as the forerunner of all that men held dear, carrying with it every where stripes for the despot, and the blessed stars of hope for the oppressed. Bursting with appalling glare upon the dreams of the Tyrant, its starry folds shed soft light and blessed hope upon the couch of the oppressed. But now the name of "American" is a byword and shame among those who bow before the throne of the tyrant. Our flag in. suited, our rights violated. Our 'gov ernment" "snubbed" and American soil made the groundwork of foreign tyrany. It needs bat the determined effort to be free, roll back the waves of despotism and save the good ship from destruc tion ceaso resolving act and the watchman on the tower may yet cry "all is well." Duty of Democrats. The following article we copy from thrt Democratic Watchman of Bellefonte and recommend the suggestions therein contained to the serious consideration of our Democratic friends of Elk county .- "After the lesson of the late cam paign, it is well to inquire into the duty of those who are identified with the Democratic party, and, when that duty is ascertained, to seek to fulfill it to the letter. Our duty to our country is seo ond only to our duty to God, aud hold ing the opinions thut the Democracy do, we doubt whether we can fulfill our ob ligations to God and neglect those we owe to our country. We believe that the principles of our party arc right, aud that upou no other can the government be properly administered. We believe 'hat the principles advocated by the i-arty at present in power are subversive not uily of our system of government ' "it of all civil liberty, and that, even now, under thuir evil influence our Re. vublie is rapidly losing every attribute v hich diHtinguii.hcd.it from the monar. hies of the old world. We believe i hat tho people are sufficiently intelli ; cut to understand the vital principles . 1 the government and to comprehend the tendency of any measure which they i ny brf asked to support, if the ueces. :ry means of affording them the proper nf irmation in furnished, nd thaf.. they . .i virtuous tnough to cbonee the good rather than the bad, at whatever present fRcrifice of personal interests. We bo. lieve that tho differences between the Democratic party and the opposition are so great, ana the balance so evitably in favor of tho former, that it is doc only necessary to state them fully and fairly to '.he people to have them reject the one on I adopt the othnr. In (short, we believe that an administration of the government by the Abolition party for any considerable length of time means nothing more than the death of our re. public, and that tho Democratic party is the only one now existing whose princi ples arc in accordance with the Consti tution and the theories upon which the government rests. Holding these opinions, our duty is plain, and it becomes us to follow it We should use every means in our pow er for a thorough dissemination of our principles, in order that every voter may have an opportunity of knowing and judging the merits of'oui principles and policy. Believing that the people are intelligent enough to judge between the two parties, the contrast should be fairly and fully drawn, and kept constantly be fore them. As a means to this end, the Democracy should most thoroughly or. guoize in every township, and know every voter, his views and feel'ngs. Every effort should be matte to increase and extend the circulation of Democrat, ic newspapers and particularly the county papers. Documents wherein are discussed the issues between the parties should he obtained and placed in the hands of every man who does not un derstand public questions, because the intelligence of the people is the only se. curity of free government. The first step, and what is most need, ed at preseut, i3 the thorough organiza tion of the Democrats of each township in the county, so that all may work to gether and each have his; proper place of duty assignen. It is an old saying and a true one that "Everybody's busi ness is nobody's busii.es.'," and this was never more fully illustrated than in the recent campaign. Now, there ore enough men ia each township of the county who are able to start such an or ganization and get it in perfeot working order. The country demands this of them, and they cannot refuse the call without imperiling her institutions. We can obtain a complete victory in this State at the election. It rests with the members of the Democratic party to de cide whether we shall have it or not. The sketch we have given of our duties will serve as a basis to commence work, and we will endeavor in future numbers to more fully discuss these important questions. Clarion Democrat. Col. Davis's Defeat. Col. Davis takes his defeat with Philosophical composure. He is too good a soldier to repine at the fortune of war, and too true a Democrat to rebel against the will of the majority. In the last iss-ie of his paper, he announces the result in the following quiet manner : "We were defeated last Tuesday for Auditor General of the State, and by the verdict of the people our competitor Gen. Ilaitranft, of Montgomery county, has been chosen to administer the duties of that office for three years. Had the Democratic party turned out as they should have done, the resuii would have been different. But we have no fault to find with any one. We bow with great cheerfulness to the verdict of the people, and personally, we have neither heartburning, nor regret to disturb us in our retirement as a private citizen. We did not seek tho nomination, nor did we set our heart upon success. We were willing to carry the banner of our party into the contest, and defeat is a fate that has met good and true men everywhere since the world began. There is nothing to repine r.t. In the future as in the past, we will be found fighting in the raoks of the party en. deavoringto give supremacy to those great and conservative principles that will yet save the country. We return our thanks to the party for the confi. denco reposed in us and to oar political friends for the support they gavo us at the polls." Support the Democratic Press. O'.tr last Democratic State Convention adopted a resolution of thanks to the Democratic press of Pennsylvania for their unswerving zeal ami devotion to Democratic principles. They earnestly recommended the press to the support of Democratio voters. The resolution was but just and proper. We have some ninety Democratio papors in Pennsylvania, which are carried on en tirely upon their private moans, at a great annual loss. We have no pat ronage except that which the people choose to give us. It behooves every Democrat then to assist and strengthen us. The way to do it is to subscribo for a paper and throw all the advertising patronage Jdu can to its support. Dem. ocrats of IlarrUburg, we appeal to you to respond liberally, and do what you can for the Deinocwtyj press of Penn sylvania. It has proved itself worthy of'all you ca'n do for it. Putrht d M ... ,. '.V I Ht'ill. From the Warren Ledger. Terrible Suffering Among tbe Negroes. The Tribune reports 19,000 blacks in the District of Columbia, and great per. sonal distress. Here is a picture of the sufferings of this people: "The most frightful mortality exists, as many ns eighty coffins per week being f urnished by the quartermaster's depart ment, most of them are for children. It is the opinion of physicians practising among them, and of other close observers that threo fourths of these children die from neglect and want. In tho family of a soldier who lost his life in battle, five out often children have died since March. 1805, from the above causes. In another, three out of seven children of a soldier drafted in December last, have starved to ifcath in the hut three weeks. The mothers in both cases wero prostra. ted with sickness. In the same square mothers and son's wives and children of soldiers still in gnvcrnncnt service ns regulai United States troops, are suffer ing for the necessaries of life; 'knowing nothing more of these men,' they say, than that 'when the war broke up they didn't come home Near these lives an other soldier's wife, having four skeleton child ren, who, as she says, were starved out in Frederick, Maryland. They have neither bed, table nor chairs, nor any household utensils save a frying pan, out of which they eat with their fingeis. These cases might be multiplied to scores and hundreds in aud around tho national capital." The se are terrible sufferings indeed, and show what is becoming of the color ed people, especially the helpless and de pendent, under tho policy of the miscall cd philanthrophy whioh is expending millions upon an abstract question of j negro sunrage while thousands arc uy ing of starvation. Singular Boiler explosion Three Men Killed. Raiiwao, N. J.. Oct. 21. In the small settlement known as Blazing Star, about five miles from this place, the boiler of John A. Steinhauser's estah. lishiuent for preparing phosphate of lime exploded, about five o'clock Tues duy afternoon, with such terrible effect that the building, a frame, one hundred feet square, was entirely wrecked, and the tubular boiler, 14 by 1G feet, hurl ed to a distanoe of four hundred yards from the place and one hundred feet high, when it struck the earth, throwing up the dirt to a great height, and then rebounded eighty .five feet further. A number of men were in the building, and three of them who stood near the boiler were killed, two of them instantly, but the third lived until the following morning. The names of the killed were A. F. Beyse, Superintendent, a resident of the vicinity ; J. Master, boiler-maker, of New York, and J. Broush. fireman, of Williamsburg. Beyse's clothes wero torn completely fron his body, and Broush's skull was crusod to atoms, ren dering it probably' that neither of tho two unfortunate meu was conscious of tho least suffering. Master did not be lieve he was seriously hurt, and the fol lowing morning was walking about, when he complained of a difficulty of breathing. His respiration grew shor. ter and shorter for two or threo hours, when he expired. The accident is ascribed to tho defec tive stea'u-guagc, whiih was purchased in New York. Mr.Beys0h4d.no idea of the quantity of steam in the boiler (and he was on experienced engineer, having been iu one of our gunboats, and on the Otsego at the time of her de struction by a torpedo,) and therefore anticipated no danger, supposing the guage would indicate the pressure upon the boiler. All of the killed were men of family. Mr. Stcinhauser bus gener ously offered to provide, we understand, for the widow and children of the Su. pcrintendent. A strange circumstance connected 1 with the casualty, is that Beyse seemed 1 to have a premonition of his fate. When he was in New York last Monday, with Stcinhauser, he siid he felt a strong dis position to have his life insured, and, I returning home, asked his wife where 1 she would have him buried in the event of his being killed, saying he felt as it something were about to happen him. The boiler had one hundred and sixty, three tubes, whioh were thrown one hundred feet apart ; and this fuot, with the tremendous force of tho explosion, indicates that there must have been at least ono hundred and fifty pounds of steam to the square inch. Another Kail road "Accident." Collision of two Trains on the New York aud New Haven Railroad. New York, Oct. 23. The New Haven Journal of to-day says that last night a construction train on tho New York and New Haven Railroad came iu collision with a milk train on the Dun bury and Nor walk road. Two passen. ger cars of tho latter train were smashed and both engines demolished. A hatter, from Bethel, named Hurl burt, was killed. Mr. Parsons, conductor of the mil k train, was badly injured. Engineer Lyman, of the New York and New Haven road, who was on the milk train, was also injured. Mr. Willi Mansfield, track superintendent at New Haven, and others, nera Somewhat in. 'TV-..- -v : , .... .j jurod. LOCALS- Our Smash Item. The Express West broke the axle of driving wheels of the Locomotive on Smiths "big fill" last Tuesday evening ; causing a deten tion of some hours. Noone butt. ItST'IIon. Ileister Clymcr is at pre sent paying a visit to St. Mary'tt, on a hunting excursion. Ir-Tho Iluited States Court at Pitts, burg, has appointed, U. J. Blakely Esq.. a United States Commissioner for the Western District of Pennsylvania. Left. We had the pleasure of see ing the mammoth boat "Burns" leave this port on Thursday morning last, heavily loaded with ono steam engine, flour, pork, feed and we peesutuc, a large quantity of "old torn" or some other evil tpirit. In our opinion Capf. B. is fully competent for the task, and a safe lan ding of the boat ot its intended port may be expected. Thanks. Our thanks are due Mrs B. J. Jackson, for a splendid mcs of Sweet Potatoes, sent us by her. Sr Mim. Burned. We are sorry to j learn that the Portable Steam Saw Mill of Mr. A. S. Rines, at Lake City, was burned one night last week. We did not learn any particulars. tSfFEET.s Better. The Stage proprietor who in mestake, cleaned off a spon of long "tailed bays" in Thayers barn thiuking he was iu his own barn with his horses. Be careful James, if the agent should find it out, it might cause trouble. JST'In town. McCartney the picture man He will soon be ready to accom. modate all that may want a good picture of themselves or friends. His rooms will be in the "Fountain House." Om Time. The diffeient trains on the P. & K. It. It. If they fail to make time noted on the time table, they arc sure to make some other time, if it should be time to get off the traok. HuMnuo.-Russell's Panorama, which was on exibition here last Thursday evening. f-Tho Herald states that Jeff. Davis is to be arraigned simply on the charge of treason, and that James S. Speed. General Rosseau, John n. Clif ford and Wm. M. Evi rts, are retained by government as prosecuting counsel, and Chas. O'Connor and It. II. Gillctt for the defence Warren Ledger. SSfA correspondent writing from Pit Hole, says ; Pit Hole City is some thing to look at but nothing to live in, and I am going to leave it in about five minutes, bidding it, with all its wonders, as I humbly trust, a lasting farewell ; leave it to all its barrels, oil, eagerness and elbows; to its teamsters at sixteen dollars a day, that would not. go to Con. gress if they could, and its millionaires eating with the broad of a knife blade and sleeping upon bay-pillows. It is a ; magnificent lottery where ot flowing ' wells and grand prizes, and "dry holes" blank as the face of astonishment. nd yet it presents a scene of vigorous Yan kee life, possible nowhere on earth but in America, and nowhere in America but just here. Warren Ledger. A Brutal Murder. The Wash ington City papers of Monday, gave the details of a most brutal and cold blooded murder, was committed in that city on Sunday morning. A woman named 1 Harriet Wilkes was found murdered in ' a closet adjoining her room, the body being still warm. She was drugsed with chloroform, and her person rifled of considerable jewelry. Levi F. Far- ell, a former paramour of hers, but with whom she had been at enmity for sever, al years past, was seen to leave the house by the neighbors at about the hour at : which tho deed was committed. The jury of inquest in their verdict implica. I ted tarwell as tbe murderer. Pitttlurg ; Post. A S outhern Candidate's Card. The following announcement of a can didate was found posted on a tree by the roadside, and brought to tho editor of the Jackson Misis.iippiiin, who gave it a gratuitous publication : "Attmtion Sovereign .'Allow mo, through this medium, to introduce my self to your acquaintance as a candidate for Assessor of Taxes of Hinds county. If any one should be so inquisitive as to ask why a man ot my gigantio intellect should fly so low, my answer is this : The Feds, in May, 1861, deprived me of my left wing ; therefore vaulting am bition must stoop iu flight to a level with my capability. Again, should any one wish to know why I do not have printed bills, I would civilly reply that my pocket book would laugh for a week at tbe rustle of a greeuback, and would never survive the faintest clink of me talio currency. "I would like very much to call on the dear people, and talk to them face to face; but, to effect this, my little school would have to close, and with it my bread and butter. "Uuder these circumstances I hope to bo excusable. " With biglv regards, I am .your to command. Important Inventions. Paper was invented in China. 170, B.C. The Calender was reformed by Julius Cresar 25 B. C. Saddles came into use in the fourth century. Horse hhoes made of iron wero first used A. I). 481. Stirrups were not made until a centu. ry later. Manufacture of silks brought from In. dia to Europe A. D. 651. Pens first made from quills G35 A. D. Stone buildings and glass introduced into England A. D. 074. Thefi gures of Arithmetic brought in to Europe by Saracens A. D. 991. Paper of cotton rags invented towards the close of the 10th century. Paper made of linen io 1300. The first regular bank was establish ed at Venice 1157. Linen first made in England, 1263. Spectacles invented 1280. The art of weaving introduced into England, 1330. Musical notes as now used invented 1390. Gunpowder invented at the city of Allonge. 1320. Cannon first used at the siege of Al giers, 1342. Muskets in use 1370. Pistols in use 1554. Printing introduced into England in 1471. Post offices established in France in 1464 ; in England, 1581 5 in Germany 1641. Tobacco introduced into France by Nicot, 15G0. Potatoes first introduced into Ireland and England, 1556. Circulation of the blood discovered by Harvey in 1019. The first newspaper published in Eng land in 1588 ; first in Venice 1G30 ; first in Fiance 1631. Coffee introduced into England in 1641. Tea introduced into England, 1666. Steam Engine invented by the Mar quis of Worcester in 1655. Fire Engines invented, 1663. Turnpikes first made in England in 1663. Bayonets invented in BayorHie, 1670 ; first brought into use at the battle of Turin, 1G93. Stereotype printing invented 1725. Air balloons and terostation invented in France, 1782. The first mail carried in England by stage coach, 1785. Cotton gin invented in Georgia in 1795. Order Respectino Deserters. The following order has just been issued by tbe Secretary of War: War Department, ) Adj .-Gen's. Office, Oct. 17, 1865. General Orders. No. 12. Here after no person shall be arrested as a de. serter for having failed to report under any draft, or for any other non-compliance with tho enrolment act or the amendments thereto. Any and all per. sons of this class now held will be imme. diately discharged. By order of the Secretary of War, E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant General. A Rich Marriage Ceremony. The following description of a mar riage in Illinois by a newly appointed Justice of the Peace, who is somewhat of a was, is taken verbatim from a letter written to a friend : Having been appointed to a desirable "posish" of Jus ti :e of tho peace, I was accosted on tho 5th of July, by a sleek looking young man, and iu silvery tones, requested to proceed to a neighboring hotel, as he wished to enter into the holy bonds of matrimony. Here was a "squelcher." I had never done anything of the kind ; had no books or forms; yet I was deter mined to do things up strong, and in a legal manner, so I proceeded to tho ho tel, bearing in my arms one of the Re vised Statutes, one ditto Webster' Una bridged Dictionary, one copy large size Bible, a small copy of the Creed aud Articles of Faith of the Congregational Church, one copy of Pope's Essay on Man, and a Bestion.il part of the map where the vi3tim lived. Having pla ced the table io the middle of the room, and seated myself behind it, I, in truin. pet tones, called the case. With that the young man and woman, with great alacity, stepped up before me. Having sworn them on the diction ary to answer well aud truly all the ques tions I was about to ask, I proceeded. I told the young man that, being an en. tire stranger, I should have to ask him t i give bail for the costs. Having heard this so frequently in court, I thought it indispensible. He auswered if I meant the fee for performing tho ceremony, he would deposit it then and and there. As I did not know exactly what I did mean. I magnanimously waived that portion of the oereinony. I then told him it would be uecessary to give bail to keep the peace. This he said he was willing to do when he arrived home, and I then waived that point also. Having established to my satisfaction that they wanted to get married, and that they were old enough to enter into that blessed state, I proceeded to t'e the knot. I asked him if he was willing to take that woman to be his wife. He said he was. I told him that I did not require haste in the answer, that he might reflept for a few minutes if he wished. I told him she looked like a fine girl, and I had no doubt she was, but if the sequel proved that he had beon taken in. I did not want to be held responsible. I said ho mm' Irre lived or, and ' oappy" aroUQ j house nw spit tobacco juice on the floor, all of which he promised faithfully to heed. - - "Now," said I, "Gootgianna (her name was Georgianna,) you bear, what Humphrey says. Do you accept the invitation to beoome bis wife ? Will you be lenient toward his faults and cherish his virtues ? Will you ever be guilty of throwing furniture at his head for slight offences, and will you get three meals a day without grumbling V She said she would. I then asked them if they believed in the commandments, and they said they did. Having read the creed and articles of faith, as afore said, I exclaimed : "Humphry, take her ; she is yours ; I cannot withhold my consent. Georgianna, when safe in the armB of your Humphrey you can defy . the scoffs and jeers of the world." I then read a little from the "Essay on Man," including that passage, 'Man wants but little here below, but wants that little long.' As a finale to the scene, I delivered the following, exordi um : "Go in peace and sin no more." The generous Huphrcy having placed a fifty-cent in my unwilling palm, I bade the happy pair a final adieu. Hold on Boys! Hold on to your tongue when you are just ready to swear, lie, or speak harshly, or to say an irapro. per word. Hold on to your hand when you are about to strike, pinch, scratch, steal, or do any improper act. Hold on to your feet when you are on the noint of kickinsr. or runnincr awav 1 ' ci j from tudy, or pursuing the path of error, shame or crime Hold to your temper when you are angry, excited, or imposed upon, or oth. crs are about you. Hold on to your heart when evil assoj ciacs seek your company, and invite you to join in their games ot mirth and re. velry. BROWN'S BRONCHIAL TR0CII ES. "Contain no opium nor anything injuri ous." Dr A. A. II AYES, Chemist, Boston. "An elegant combination for Crughs." Dr O. F. BIGELOW, Boston. "I recommend their use to public speak, crs." Rev. E. II. CIIAPIN. "Most salutary relief in Bronchitis." Rev. S. SEEGFRIED, Morristown, ohio "Very beneficial when suffering from Colds." Rev. S.J. P. ANDERSON, St. Louis. "Almost instant relief in the distressing labor of breathing peculiar to Asthma." Rev. A. C. EGGLESTON, New York. "They have suited my case exactly, relieving my throat so that I could sing with ease." T. DUCIIARME, Chorister French Parish Church, Mon. treal As there are imitations, be sure to obtain the genuine. ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS Reward will be paid by Messrs. C. G. Clark & Co., for a medicine that will cure coughs, colds, croup, whooping cough, or relieve consumptive cough as quick as Coe's cough Balsam. Let all our Readers know That Coo's Dyspepsia Cur3 will certainly cure the worst cases of dyspepsia in ex. istence, will stop pain after eating as soon as you take it, and is a most excel, lent article for all diseases of the stomach and bowols. DIED. At the residence of Hon. II . Souther, in this place on Saturday Oct. 2Sth, John Pattersou, late of Moline I1L Aged 73 years tind 11 months. Meadville Pa, and Rock Island Ill's papers please copy. NEW ADVERTISEMENTS Orphan's Court. la the matter of the " relit ion of William H. Marr ciinrJiuu of Mary In the Orphan' Court of Elk County- At an Orphan's Court, held at Hcllen Marr, William P. Marrand Alem Marr and Wm. I'. Hull cuar- Kidcwnv. in and dinn of David 11. Marr, for the County of Alfred Marr and An- Klk, on the titli netta Marr, minor chil- day of October, dren of David Marr hue A. D., 1865. nf Vni-lliiimtiai-liinit 1 .............. v. ....... , deceased. J AS exemplified record from the Orphan's Court of Northumberland county Ponu'a., decreed a sale of certain real estate thereiu mention. And now to -wit, October CtU 1803, the Petition of Wm. II. Marr guardian of Marr HcllcnMarr, Wm. P. Marr and Alem Marr and Wm. P. Hull guardian i-f David B, Marr Alfred Marr and Annetta Marr, minor chilv dren of David Murr, lute of Northumberland county, in the state of Pennsylvania de ceased, setting forth among oiher things that their said Wards are seized in 'Jiejr demesne as of fee of nnd in the sixth sev enth interest in a certain tract of land, sit uate in Jay township, Klk county, contain ing eighty seven acres of land and praying tbe Court to make a decree, authorizing said petitioners to raise the sum of one thousand dollars, from the sale of said Heal Estate. Whereupon the court after due considera tion had, do order and decree a sale of the aforesaid real estate, GEO. ED. WEIS, Clerk of Orphan's Court. Orphan's Court Sale. BY VIRTUE of the above order of the Orphan's Court of Elk county, there will be exposed to public sale at the Court House in ltidgway, Elk County Pena'a , on Moday the l!0tu day ot November, A. D., 18Sj at t o'clock p. nr., of said day, the sixth "event ! . . : .! ..in..! . mieresi ui me ium"w- vwwovj racc or i -Srih ;;YcVf.T,- Cn.menoinf by Joseph Dill .jiv ,. , . uw owned thence West k !re H eli anJ "i"