THE STAR
BEYNOLDSVILLE - - PENNA.
TWICE USED MANUSCRIPTS
Original Writing on Palimpsests Is
Now Deciphered in Europe by
the Aid of Photography.
Before the days of books, parch-
ments became so costly that economi
cal scholars erased more or less per
fectly what had been written, and
used thera a second time. In this
manner some highly interesting and
valuable manuscripts have been lost
to the world. Rw in many cases the
ancient characters are still faintly
visible. Twice used manuscripts are
called palimpsests, and many modern
, scholars have strained thler eyes In
the effort to decipher the original
writing.
Of '.nte years photography has been
successfully applied in Germany and
France for this work. The color of
the faded Ink of the older writing on
a palimpsest Is yellow. A photograph
, -of such a manuscript was made
'through a yellow screen. The result
was a negative on which the old writ
ing was barely discernible, being a
Jittle darker than the background,
while the later black writing was
found to appear distinctly as white
h letters.
Next an ordinary negative on a
'bromide plate was made, and from
tfhls was produced a transparent posi
tive on which both writings appeared
,. dark and about equally distinct. Then
the transparency was superimposed
-on the first negative, so that the dark
betters of the later writing covered
.the light letters, representing the
same writing In the negative. They
. were thus eliminated, being lndis-
tlnguishably merged with the general
..-dark background produced by the
, combination of positive and negative.
But the earlier characters, since they
were dark In both cases, appeared In
ilhe combination Intensely black and
.-distinct.
Missionary Life on the Congo,
Father Oomen returned from the
.-conference in Stanleyville and said I
,should go with him and thus make my
-Urst Journey. We started on July 30.
fin the evening our plrooue was upset
'by two hippopotami. We could not
-take our Iron boat, for we had no paci
fiers left. Owing to lack of means we
had to dismiss nearly all our work
men. Three men who were'wlth us in
our light boat were drowned. Had we
been able to use our Iron boat this
would not have happened. We were
..Raved, but nearly everything was lost.
-Only a case with church requisites was
.found, but all were spoiled exceot my
.chalice. Our lives were saved through
the care of our catechist and some
.good swimmers. We passed the night
on an island.
Happily I had a bottle of quinine in
my pocket and this Baved us from fe
ver. Fortunately we found a dry
spot, but we could not find any means
of making fire. I lost almost all the
outfit I got on leaving Mill Hill and a
mosquito net which Mill Hill could not
afford nnd which I bought myself. The
canteen of Father Meyers and his port
able bed are also lying at the bottom
of the river. I want almost every ar
' tide of clothing, since they were lost
or given by me to Father Meyers,
whose outfit was worn out years ago.
'Father van de Seyp, In the Tablet .
Picks His Stamp.
Dlnny walked into a postoffice one
day and told the clerk he would like
to see some stamps.
"What stamps do you want?" asked
the clerk.
"Well," says Dlnny, "let me see
.something In red." '
The clerk pulled out several large
- sheets of two-cent stamps and turned
to Dlnny, asking "How many?" Dlnny
leaned over the desk, took hold of sev
eral sheets, compared . them, took
them out ' to the front door, where
. there was more light, and then, hand
ing the sheets back to the clerk, point
ed to a stamp about as near to the
center of the sheet as It could be, and
said:
"I'll take that one!"
Deserving of Promotion.
Sol Sage, superintendent of trans
portation, recently recommended a
man In the Lake Shore's employ for
n Increase In pay. Mr. Oage and this
employe engaged In some correspon
dence over a technical detail of some
(transportation regulation. In reply to
IMr. Gage's third letter this letter
came:
,'lnBtead of clarifying the situation,
lyour letter of yesterday serves rather
to obfuscate It."
"Any servant of a great corpora
tion who can use the word 'obfuscate,
tend use it right, deserves more than
i$60 a month, and I am going to see
that he gets it," says Mr. Gage.
Cleveland Leader.
Homesick. -"Gee,
SI, but I wuz homesick when
fwent to th' city!"
"Gosh! Was yer?' How homesick?"
"Well, I stood on th' corner till 1
seen a car marked 'To the Barn' an',
by gum, I took it." Cleveland Leader,
.A 8uggestlve Name.
"Why did you name your yacht Ru
imorl"
"Because I wanted something aboul
tier which would be sure to keep hei
k MmM if Mirabnna
Ms, Wafnw WiiM3s
2
. r
IT
EVEN in earliest times the
Eagle was known as the king
of birds, and this proud title
has rightly clung to him
throughout the ages. He is a
true king, and Indeed would seem
aware of his exalted position. He is
seen at his best perched upon some
prominent rock where he scans the
corrle below with stern and noble
gaze, or sailing on motionless wings
in the teeth of a gale. On a calm day,
especially when rlBing from the
ground, the eagle presents an almost
ungainly appearance, but he seems to
revel In the gale, no matter how
fiercely It may blow. Few, If any, of
our birds are so Independent of the
weather as the eagle. No matter how
severe the snow or frost, he can al
ways prey on the luckless grouse or
ptarmigan In the vicinity, or capture
the mountain hare, and bear It
screaming aloft. As far as our ex
perience goes, however, the eagle will
not take ptarmigan when there are
grouse In the vicinity probably the
grouse Is to him as well as to man
kind a more tasty morsel than Its
mountain relative. As is natural to a
bird to a large extent independent of
the weather, the Golden Eagle is a
very early nester, and the hen bird,
lays her eggs before the other birds
of the highlands are thinking of do
mestic duties.
The eagle resorts to two different
kinds of nesting sites an ancient
Scots pine on the edge of some out
lying forest, or a ledge on a rock.
When the nest Is In the former situa
tion, the hen bird can sit through the'
heaviest snowstorm with little incon
venience, but on a ledge of rock she
may be forced from her eyrie by an
accumulation of snow drifted in from
above. The writer visited an eyrie
situated In one of the stormiest dis
tricts of the Highlands, and, when the
hillside near the eyrie was reached,
It was found that the ground was cov
ered with quite thirty inches of fresh
snow consequent on an exceptionally
heavy storm for the time of year. The
eyrie was situated on a ledge of rock
In a small gorge, at a height of con
siderably over 2,000 feet, and was
built against a young mountain ash
tree. Approaching the nesting site
from below, we had the pleasure,
when some 400 yards from the eyrie,
of seeing the cock bird rise from a
ledge and soar out over the cliff. Not
long afterwards the hen was also ob
served to rise from the nest, and to
join her mate in the distance. It
seemed almost impossible, from the
depth of snow on the ground, to im
agine that any bird could have suc
ceeded In protecting her eggs from
the storm, so we eagerly scaled the
rock a matter of some considerable
difficulty and danger on account of
the Bnow covering the ledge, and at
length from a very precarious foot
hold looked into the eyrie. It was
empty! The eagle was evidently
about to lay and was sheltering her
nest from the snowfall which must
have been the most Bevere in her ex
perience. This explained the presence
of the cock bird in the vicinity, for
once the hen has commenced to brood
the cock is never found in the neigh
borhood of the eyrie.
It was interesting to note the hol
low In the snow where the eagle had
been sitting. The Bnow was piled
deep on the edges of the nest, and the
hollow In the center seemed small in
deed for a bird as large as a Golden
Eagle.
The nesting season of the Golden
Eagle is early exceptionally early
when the arctic weather obtaining in
their haunts in early spring is taken
into consideration. We have seen an
eagle carrying nesting material to her
eyrie as early as January 27, and, if
the nesting Bite is at all -sheltered,
the eggs are laid before March is 'out.
Incubation is a lengthy matter, the
eagle sitting for close on six weeks
before the chicks are hatched out
the earliest date we have seen them
Is April 29. The altitude at which
the eagle nests varies considerably.
One nesting site that we know of is
barely 1,500 feet above Bea-level,
while on the , wild Cairngorm moun
',ins an eyrie) has been found at a
8
my
IN
.1 :.". . l
'-'- 7' i5 I I ' I
? " i till
ki
9
height of between three nnd font
thousand feet. Amongst stalkers a
great diversity of opinion exists as tc
when the eagle nests, some holding
that It Is late June before she com
mences the duties of Incubntion. This
misconception has arisen, we lm
agine, from the fact ihnt the eagles
are constantly carryln," rresh material
to the eyrie even whi:i their young
are well grown. To on cyrle which
we have been in the h: ' t of visit
ing this season the eapl - used In
bring small and leafy raspberry
shoots, which they scattered about the
eyrie. We have also seen them carry
Juniper branches to their nest, and
have found a red rubber ring and
bamboo stick, amongst other things,
at various eyries we have visited.
When the eagles nest on a ledge of
rock, it sometimes happens that the
young lose their balance at the edge
of the eyrie and are precipitated to
the ground below. We had such a
case under observation a few seasons
ago, and were Interested to find that
the parent birds constructed a new
nest around the chick nt the foot of
the rock. This was in ell probability
to warn foxes or other 'marauders that
the eaglet was still under parental
protection.
The eyrie of the Golden Eagle is a
most substnntial structure, and when
one is built In a tree It may remain
An Eyrie In a Tree.
Intact, though untenanted, for a great
number of years. It is usually the
case that a pair of eagles have two or
three eyries within a comparatively
short distance of each other, and re
pair them all more or less each sea
son, though, of course, only using one
to nest in. We have seen, in one. of
these secondary eyries,-the remains
of mountain hares, so that they may
possibly be used as larders during the
nesting season. .The 'eagle, when
brooding, is often exceedingly tame,
and refuses to leave the nest even
when missiles are hurled at the eyrie
and the tree is Btruck violently. Once
she has taken wing, however, she
flies straight off, and usually takes up
her position on the summit of a neigh
boring bill, whence she watches and
waits until the Intruders have left the
vicinity of the nest. . J
, The young, when first hatched out,
are white, downy little fellows, and
are very comical to look at. For the
best part of a fortnight the mother
bird broods them, but after that time
only remains at the eyrie during the
night hours, and for , the last few
weeks before the young take wing,
she comes to the eyrie only for the
purpose of bringing food.
During the summer the young
eaglets are taught to capture grouse
for themselves, and, after they are
able to hold their own, are driven off
by their parents, many crossing the
sea and rearing their young amidst
the rocky fastnesses of the continent
6 ETON GORDON.
London, England.
V ll
2 rM Wfoi
Ks V V- :" ' v a, 1
Bapp:
TMTffi
Ones
Woman Can't Live
IF 1 HAD ONLY
HALF OF 3i0
I'D . BE VERY
HFU SATISFIED
NEW YORK. "It is Impossible for
a woman to live tn comfort In
New York, on $3,000 a year." This is
the claim of Mrs. Juanite LeBar, who
has petitioned the orphans' court in
Scranton, Pa., to allow her an addi
tional $1,000 so she can send her
eleven-year-old son to a military acad
emy. "During my husband's life," her
petition cites, "our income was $6,-
000 a year, and the estate is now
yielding $8,000, so I don't see what
law there can be that refuses a wom
an half of her Income." Mrs. LaBar
lives In a comfortable, but modest
apartment, dresses well and lives on
the best the market will afford, but
she claims she is not extravagant for
she doesn't owe a cent.
"I can't get along on $3,000 a year,"
says Mrs. LaBar. "And I am not ex
travagant. My apartment is modest,
but comfortable. It Is absolutely Im
possible for ub to live at a hotel on
account of the expense, and we have
to take an apartment. I have to keep
one servant, because, In the first place,
1 am not strong enough to do the
work, and in the second place there
City Heated by Natural Hot Water
BOISE, Idaho. This Is the only city
In the country heated by natural
hot water, taken from springs near
the town, and which Is employed, not
alone for heating purposes, but for
cooking and even In sprinkling the
streets of the city In summer, there
is such an abundance of the water
flowing from three wells. The water
remains at about 175 degrees In tem
perature nnd the flow averages about
1,500,000 gallons a day.
One hundred and ten homes In
Boise are supplied with the water,
which is employed for all household
purposes, except washing of silver
ware, which tarnishes In the water,
charged as It Is with sulphur and
minerals. The water Is pumped from
three large, wells, about six miles
east of Boise, in the foothills of the
Owyhoes.
Interest was first taken In the wa
ter In 1890. Previous to that time
Municipal Dance
I'M CLAD I
DOMT HAVE
TO BE A
WALL
FLOWER
AMY MORj
MILWAUKEE, Wis. The city of
Milwaukee will have another mu
nicipal ball. This Is the declaration
of the city administration after a re
view of the initial municipal dance at
which the mayor, city officials and
society danced In the same hall as
workingmen and women. '
"I think these gatherings have
something about them that will make
for the betterment of the city," says
Mayor Seldel. "You know when we
read about each other in the papers
or bear each other talked about we
sometimes think that the other fel
lows are awful fellows. But when we
look Into eacb other's eyes we find
that the other fellows are not so bad
after all.
"For one thing, I hope to see these
dances as democratic as they can be.
Gentlemen will leave their dress suits
at home at the next dance, I hope. If
The Brotherhood
CLEVELAND, O. An Institution
which is doing great good In
Cleveland, Ohio, la the Brotherhood
Home, developed from the Idea of one
man, an ex-prlsoner who wanted to
help someone else.
In November, 1905, James Shaw
was paroled from the Cleveland house
of correction. While there he had
been a teacher in the night school,
and had become Interested in the
Bible class. ' He was a man of more
Intelligence than the average work
house pHsoner and soon after his re
lease oi J parole obtained employment
with a Shipbuilding company. When
he drey his first wcss be went to
the director of charltieB and correc
tions With the proposal that he take
In another prisoner who was about
to be paroled.
"I think Fred wants to behave and
live drjcently," he told the director.
jl
M
am.
on $3,000 a Year
is no reason why I should put in my
time in the kitchen. I consider a
servant one of the necessities.
, "Then butter, eggs, meat and every
thing else has gone up so, and I in
sist upon the best for my table, be
cause that was what I was raised to
have, and I am unwilling to eat in
ferior stuffs or give them to my boy.
I consider money spent for good food
an insurance, out of which you get
heaps of pleasure beside.
"People In Scranton ask me why I
don't move Into the country, because
I could live much cheaper there and
economize. 1 don't see what good
that would be the prospect looks un
utterably dark to me. I would be
lonely, and I don't like the country,
anyhow. New York is a necessity.
"In regard to clothes. A woman in
New York, If she is to be presentable
at all, must have decent and appro
priate clothes. I make and design
many of my own gowns, and some of
them I will confess to fixing over.
That saves' a great Item of expense
for the budget. I don't think import
ed gowns or a great number of gowns
are a necessity, but they must be well
made, of good quality, and have
plenty of stjie about them. Then
there is a small amount of entertain
ing that is obligatory, and an occa
sional trip out of town during the
summer and doctor bills every once
In awhile."
there had been a great black mud
hole where the wells have since been
sunk. The water was stagnant and
the spot was known simply as a place
where hundreds of range cattle had
dropped out of sight in the .old days
into what appeared to be a bottom
less well.
The cost of the water a year to the
average family Is $135. The water
company which now has control of
the wells does not employ the meter
system in measuring the supply, but
the water flow Is gauged by the size
of the pipes running Into the indi
vidual homeB.
The cost of supplying a bouse for
all purposes with the natural hot wa
ter is somewhat heavier than with
the ordinary furnace system, but
there are advantages. There are no
furnaces In the homes using the nat
ural hot water, the danger of fire is
greatly reduced, and there is none of
the dirt and inconvenience connected
with the handling of coal and wood
for fire purposes.
So curative were the waters con
sidered that they were carried by
them back to their camps, where
they were rubbed on the limbs of In
valids to heal rheumatic and kindred
complaints.
Tried in Milwaukee
any young ladies have new hats or
fancy gowns at home, I hope they
won't wear 'em."
The plans of the dance did not take
cognizance of "wall flowers," and
there did not seem to be any. It was
the duty of floor managers to see that
young persons were Introduced. The
spirit of friendliness so far took pos
session of the affair that it was not
long before a fellow could ask a girl
he did not know to dance without be
ing snubbed.
But no one seemed troubled about
her own gown or that of her neigh
bor to any great extent. Each one
was Intent on the good time she was
having, and the great matter of spec
ulation was who her next partner for
the dance would be, and not how
much some other dancer's dressma
ker's bill had been.
The official "Introducers" worked
faithfully. One of them would ap
proach a couple of demure looking
girls who were all by themselves In
some obscure corner and ask them If
they wanted to dance. They usually
did. Then the official "Introducer"
would disappear and presently return
with two young men and Introduc
tions were made.
Home of Cleveland
"I can give him a bed, stake blm to a
meal ticket and get him Job, too."
"Fred" did want to' live better and
went to work with a will. In a week
they rented another room, and went
again tt the director with the request
for the parole of two other members
of the workhouse night school class.
They promised to give them food and
lodging, and to get them work. The
four .in turn put by something each
day for "grub stakes" for other un
fortunates and presently the club had
a membership of nine.
Soon after that the Brotherhood, as
It had come to be known, moved to a
ten-room house on the lake front. The
parole officer went In debt for $900
worth of furniture. At the end of the
year the club showed an earning
which nearly took it out of debt Ten
rooms were added, followed by ten
more a little later. It was self-supporting,
and bad paid for $2,000 worth
of furniture. The later history of the
organization Is a record of continued
efficient work, with finances fairly
easy when work Is plenty, and pain
fully tight when It Is scarce. Outside
help has been necessary from time to
time. .
LIGHTING THE WHITE PLAGUE
Number of State Institutions I
Double During the Past
Two Years. M
0 Sixteen state sanatoria, 28 county
hospitals and 21 municipal hospital
for tuberculosis have been erected)
and provided for since January 1,
1909, says a recent bulletin of the
National Association for the Study
and Prevention of Tuberculosis.
Within the last two years the num
ber, of Btate institutions for tubercu
losis has doubled, and the number of
county and municipal Institutions ha
increased from aboiit 80 to 80. The
expenditures of public money for th
treatment of tuberculosis also has
more than doubled. Not less thai
$3,000,000 of state money was appro
priated for tuberculosis Institution
in 1909, when 43 legislatures met, and
over $600,000 In 1910, when only 11
legislatures were In session. The ap
propriations of counties and cities for
tuberculosis hospitals and sanltorlst
in the last two years will aggregate
fully $2,600,000, bringing the total
of official appropriations for tubercu
losis hospitals up to over $6,000,000
In the past two years.
In spite, however, of this good show
ing, the National Association for t he
Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis
states that not one-tenth of the pub
lic provision for tuberculosis that 1
needed has been made. More than
250,000 tuberculosis patients are con
stantly without proper Institutional
treatment.
When It Was Rougher.
Paul Wlthington, the Harvard coach,
was praising the milder football of
1910.
"Football in the '90s was a terrible
game," said Mr, Wlthington. "Bour
get, you know, devoted a whole chan
tey of 'Outre Mer' to Its horrors. Som
ot the stories of the football of '90 or
'91 are, tn fact, almost Incredible.
"A Philadelphia sporting editor re
turned one November Saturday from
West Philadelphia with a pale, fright
ened face. '
" 'Many accidents at the game? a
police reporter asked him.
" 'One frightful accident,' replied th
sporting editor. 'A powerful mul
from a neighboring coal dealer's en
tered the field, blundered Into one of
the hottest scrimmages . and got
killed.' "
The Way of Life.
It is being said of an elderly man ln
business In Atchison: "He can't stand
punishment as he formerly could."
And there Is punishment to be en
dured in making a living; don't forget
IL Look over your own experience,,
and you will detect punishment every
hour of the day. If It Isn't at home, It
is on the street car or on the road.
How many ways there are to punish
a man who tries bis best to get along
and behave himself. And after a man
gets old It is more evident every year
that the poor fellow can't stand pun
ishment as he could when he wa
younger. Atchison Globe.
He Knew.
A certain Jurist was an enthusiastic
golfer. Once he had occasion to In- -terrogate
In a criminal suit, a boy
witness from Bala.
"Now, my lad," he said, "are you
acquainted with the nature and sig
nificance of an oath?"
The boy, raising his brows in sur
prise, answered:
"Of course I am, sir. Don't I caddy
for you at the Country club?" Suc
cess. Would Avoid Him.
Slopay Here comes a man I don't
care to meet. Let's cross over.
DeLong Why don't you care to
meet him?
Slopay He has a mania for collect
ing bills.
How He Lost Out.
DeShort Don't you er think yoi
could learn to love me, MIss.Oldgold?
Miss Oldgold Well, I don't know.
DeShort Of course you can. One 1
never too old to learn, you know.-
Miss Oldgold Sir!
The most valuable feature of suc
cess Is tbe struggle that precedes It
WONDERED WHY.
Found the Answer Was "Coffee,
Many pale, sickly persons wonder for
years why they have to suffer so, and ;
eventually discover that the drug oaf
felne In coffee is the main cause of
the trouble. -'
"I was always very fond of eoffe
and drank It every day. I never had
much flesh and often wondered why I
was always so pale, thin and weak.
"About five years ago my health
completely broke down and I waa con
fined to my bed. . My stomach waa In
such condition that I could hardly take
sufficient nourishment to sustain life.
"During this time I was drinking cof-,
fee, didn't think I could do without It
' "After awhile I came to the conclu
sion that coffee was hurting me, and
decided to give it up and try Postum.
I didn't like the taste of It at first, but
when It was made right boiled until
dark and rich I soon became fond of
Jt
"In one week I began to feel better
X could eat more and sleep better. My
lck headache were less frequent, and
within five months I looked and felt
like a new being, headache spell n
tlrely gone.
"My health continued to improve and
today I am well and strong, weigh 14a1
pounds. I attribute my present health
to the Ufe-glvlng qualities of Postum.1'
Read The Road to WeUville." 14
pkgs. "There's a Reason." ..
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