THE RIDDLE OF
It Is salil that Newton got his
Idea of gravitation from an apple
which fell and struck him on the
head. The apple simply fell like ft
stone or any other body might fall.
It became detached from its support
and took the shortest path toward
the centre of the earth. Newton's
head intervened, and hence our
knowledge of those forces which
guide the movements of the plane
tary system. Newton successfully
applied his idea of gravitation to the
solution of many problems, among
which was the explanation of oceanic
tides. He showed that these were
-principally due to the attraction of
the moon. The attraction of the
earth holds water on its surface, but
the moon, with tho assistance of the
sun, pulls this out of shape. The re
sultant distortlonal effect is exhibited
to us in the form of tides.
Not only are the waters pulled out
of shape, but the world Is Itself dis
torted. The amount of distortion Is
very, very little, but, all the same, it
has quite recently been measured by
Dr. Hecker, of Potsdam. Whether
the world behaves like the Indestruc
tible lndiarubber ball which is the
pet dog's toy and yields as a whole,
whether It is only a superficial cover
like that of the cored golf ball which
.moves, or whether it Is the move
ment of a something beneath ths
crust of our world which causes the
same to rise and fall as if it were a
raft actuated by an ocean swell to
get an answer ask the nursemaid on
the pebbly beach. These changes in
shape of water and land are due to
attractive influences, and twice a day
oceans and continents alter their con
figuration with chronometer-like pre
cision. Could we remain stationary at a
great height and gaze at our earth
through a telescope with a very high
magnifying power, we should see it
both smile and frown. As it turned
round to face the sun not only would
llowerB open and leaves uncurl, but
birds would sing, lamp-posts and
chimneys would straighten up to at
tention, and valleys would expand.
From 10 a. m. to 2 p. m. the place
we were looking at would beam with
smiles! As this same place turned
away from , the sun towards dark
ness, that which was animate would
become drowsy, flowers would close
their petals, lamp-posts and towers
would stand at ease, while valleys
would gently close. The smile on the
earth's face would become a frown.
We should have witnessed a tide in
organic and inorganic nature.
Weight or load depresses every
surface on which It rests. A man
who leanB against a lamp-post does
not realize that he deflects it. Two
persons standing In the street do not
Imagine that they are producing two
overlapping dimples. Were streets
covered with soft rubber they would
readily estimate each other's weight.
When the barometer rises over a
country it puts on a load and a very
big dimple is produced on the sur
face of the same. When the baro
meter falls the load is taken away
and the normal surface is restored.
This means that changes in baro
metric pressure give rise to changes
in surface inclination, the ground
slopes downward toward the area of
greatest pressure. If, therefore, we
can measure these changes at the
place where we happen to be located
we are In possession of information
of barometrical effects extending
over large areaB.
Now if the changes in the weight
of the atmosphere will produce
measurable deflections, let us aBk
ourselves what happens when the
tlrin HnpH on a coast line. Its mass
will attract things while its weight
will depress ' tho bed on wnicn it
rests. When tho tide rises in the
Irish Sea it will produce an effect
aimilar to that which is produced by
a man when he sits on a plank sup
morted at lta two ends. The plank
sags downward, and so does the bed
of the Irish Sea when it is sat upon
by the tide.
When the tide rises in the Irish
Rm th bottom of that sea is de
pressed, and the houses In Liverpool
bow to those In Dublin. What nap
sens in the Irish Sea happens twice
a day In the English Channel and
along every coast in the world where
oceanic waters rise and fall. Lamp
Dosts come to attention and salute
the rising sun, while cities bow their
heads to rising tides.
That the weight of a tide should
produce some sort of an effect has
lone been recognized, and calculi
tions respecting its magnitude have
been made. At one place it has now
been measured, and Its magnitude
has turned out to be very much
e-reater than was expected. The
instrument employed may bo describ
ed as a mast with a boom. When
the ship rolls to port the boom rolls
to nort. and vice versa. Ail i
has to be done when our terrafirma
rolls is to keep a record of the
movement of the boom. To give an
idea of the sensitiveness of this type
of Instrument I may mention that be
tween July 1 and December 31 last
year they recorded In the Isle of
Wight 279 earthquakes, each of which
was confirmed by records from other
countries working with similar ap
paratus. When the tide rises on the strand
' two miles from Bidston the boom
wings over towards the advancing
-weight, and as the tide runs out the
boom swings back. If the tide is very
high and flows quickly, the pendulum
moves far and keeps pace with the
deflection due to the increasing load.
The amount of the deflection due to
the weieht of the tide off the mouth
of the Mersey is, on the average,
aout one inch o. r.ixteen miles. li
the instrument were placed nearer
to the strand, the change In Inclina
tion would he greater, it weighs the
tide, gives a measure of the elasticity
of a certain small section or tns
earth's crust, shows that all observa
tories should not be too near the sea,
while what it or similar installations
may teach us about tidal irregulari
ties remains to be seen.
FARM AS BIG A9 A KINGDOM.
The Farmhouse Cost $1,600,000 and
Accommodates 500 Guests.
"The announcement that Mexico Is
about to make some effort to curb
the princely aspirations of Don Luis
Terrazas of the State of Chihuahua
promises," says the Bookkeeper, to
bring Into the public eye one of the
most remarkable and at the same
time one of the least known of the
world's unusual men.
"Four years ago a German prince
traveled 6,000 miles to visit a 'farm
er.' This farmer was Don Luis,
whoso 'farm' Mexicans are beginning
to believe is getting too large for the
public health.
"In short, it is the biggest rarm
in the world. In area It ranks with
the largest of European kingdoms
and empires and would make one of
the big States of the Union, it
measures 150 miles from north to
south and 200 miles from east to
west, or 8,000,000 acres In all.
"It embraces whole ranges of
mountains, entire water systems, vol
canoes, mineral lands and thousands
of lakes. Over it roam 1,000,000
head of cattle, 700,000 sheep and 300,-
000 borses. The 'farmhouse' is the
most magnificent in the world a pal
ace costing $1,600,000 In gold, super
bly furnished and with rooms to ac
commodate 500 guests.
"Scattered over this vast ranch are
10O outlying stations, each of which
has charge of a certain portion of
the estate. The cowpunchers, line
runners, shepherds and hunters num
bered 3,000 mounted men last year,
and the total number of employees
exceeds 10,000.
"The Terrazas ranch Is the only
one in the world which maintains its
own slaughtering and packing plant.
Last year 200,000 head of cattle and
150,000 head of sheep were dressed
and packed, 100,000 head of horses
were sold, 600,000 tons of hay cut and
stacked for use in the rainless sea
son and 200,000 bushels of various
grains harvested.
"The running of this colossal farm
and ranch Is not only interesting be
cause of the magnitude of tho oper
ation, but it furnishes as well a val
uable object lesson In the manage
ment of a people. The total popula
tion supported Is about 60,000, and
there are no happier people in Mex
ico than those who owe allegiance to
Don Luis.
"Not long ago it was claimed by a
member of the Mexican Government
that if he so willed Don Luis Ter
razas could raiBe an army of 10,n
men, and that every one of them
would fight for him and especially
for his beautiful wife and twelve
children. The Don's wife is consid
ered by many the loveliest woman in
Mexico today, and her five daughters
are also beautiful.
"While the Terrazas family enter
tains hundreds of guests every year
and spendB thousands of dollars an'
nually In philanthropic work every
effort is made to keep out of the
public eye, especially to keep out of
the papers. It is always impressed
upon their guests that to guard this
privacy Is the only way to retain the
Terrazas friendship.
"It is said that no paper in Mexico
city has ever published a picture of
a member of the family. Guests are
welcome to bring cameras, but they
are not expected to use them near
the Terrazas home or to include in
their pictures any member; of the
family.
"Although the richest man In Mex
ico, Don Luis personally superintends
the work on his huge estate. He is
handsome, highly educated and with
his family has traveled all" over the
world. His children will., all have
been educated in the United States.
The home of the family, called Chi
huahua Castle, is surrounded by mag
nificent gardens. When Don Luis Is
away one of his sons, or perhaps a
daughter, takes his place."
Chinese Proverbs.
A teacher can lead us Into the
porch, but culture depends on self.
An image maker nover worships
Idols.
A crow is black the world over.
In beating a dog have regard for
its master.
A good hearer is better than a
good speaker.
Murder may be condoned, but dis
courtesy never.
When no money is spent there no
graco is gained.
The biggest hand cannot hide the
heavens.
Water may run in a thousand
channels but nil returns to the sea.
Eetter be alive and poor than rich
and dead.
Men's minds are as unlike as their
faces. ' '
Alms done openly will be repaid
secretly.
The cabbage grub dies In the cab
bage. Rotten wood cannot ha carved.-
College Course Jot Sure
Death
Ey Speaker Joseph G. Cannon
O a bright young man who has anything In him a college
course Is not necessarily fatal to success. That Is my
view of it. The cullege fellow becomes familiar with a
great many theories from Instructors, who in the main
abound In theories and theories only. You do not know
a great many of them who could take charge of a large
business or build up one to a grand success. You could
not learn to do that In any university or college in the
country.
The common school system the high school course gives the average
individual at least fair equipment for practical success In business or in the
various callings that men follow who live by the sweat of their faces. That
Is about all that the average man will utilize. If he goes along four or five
or six or eight or ten years getting something more he is losing a very val
uable part of his life, but if he is a real student, a real specialist and he
must become a specialist if he is going to devote his life to research and
investigation the college course is necessary for him in order that he be
come proficient in his specialty. There Is always a question as to whether
the average student will survive the spoiling effects of a college course.
However, you could not stop the collegiate or university course If you were
to try.
A very small percentage of the people can spend the time and money
necessary to go through college, but there are a great many students who go
ahead and accomplish something along tho specialties, as there are a great
many of them who accomplish something practical In business and In poli
tics notwithstanding the burden of bearing a collegiate course.
The human animal on the average is not worth his salt If he Is incap
able of making his own way. The greater rewards come in business not in
politics. A good business man is much better off than a poor politician.
The business man has better. chances for advancement aad receives greater
remuneration.
f War Plans of
By John IV. Fostir,
HERE was never a time
T was so much danger of universal war, sucn gigantic iuy
' M Z dn nn.i aiifh ,ipnillv machinery. For many years the coun-
i I 1 tries of Europe have been armed camps, and at present seem
I 1 X to have reached their limit Germany today keeps con-
MtMHiit stantly under arms one million men and has on a war foot-
a, ing four million, with the necessary establishment to put
tttlllllii tnem ,ri the fle,d 0,1 notlce-
France, Austria, Russia and Italy maintain armies and
navies on a scarcely less formidable basis. Russia Is trying to reinstate her
self to a posldlon held before the Japanese war, and our own country since it
has attained the position of a world power has become inflated with the
mania. Our Secretary of the Navy hns called for a navy equal to the great,
est and Congress is meeting his demand.
The picture is not complete without a glance at the other side of the
globe. Japan has demonstrated that every able bodied male Is a fighting man
ready to obey the Mikado, and its large navy is still being Increased. The
Chinese Minister to Germany has hastened home to assume the duty of put
ting China on a war footing.
We have reached a time in the world's affairs when intelligent men are
Ignoring the principles of right and Justice and are inclined to rest on brute
force, but a new force is come Into the world to bring about universal peace
when the organized workmen of the world decide that they will no longer go
out to shoot down their fellow workmen to satisfy the greed and ambition
of rulers.
& 4&
1 Farm Warns the City
Economic Adjustment and Closer Relations
Demanded
By Senator
44.4 Y what law, God-given or man-created, have the denizens of
niiloa a rntor rlirlif tn the comforts, the luxuries, the pleas-
1 . r.t lifo -Minn liavo
B ful prosperity cf the last dozen years hns developed a life
of reckless extravagance in this- country. The great nuin-
hpr of wealthy uoonle now present in every large city has
1
set a pace of high
trying to keep up.
k
to have become a
The city gait is entirely out of relation and proportion to the more rigid
economy practiced by the rural population. There must and should be an
economic adjustment upon a plane of closer equality, and this means that
we must eliminate some of, our roost extravagant habits; that We may not
satisfy all of our expensive desires.
We make living expensive because we submit to excessive charges rather
than deny ourselves some useless luxury. Let us begin our economy at the
rlirht nolnL IjpI those men who need some expression for their excessive
v,n.-ni otvIH( inm If njmlnnt h JR tn
those ladies direct it toward the $25 to
matnrlnl on it.
When they have done that they will have accomplished a double good
thov will ,hav broucht these and kindred articles down to a reasonable basis,
and they will have saved sufficient means to pay the farmer and the retailer
fair and honest compensation for their
strength and power to the principle of "live and lot live. uoiumnian Magazine.
Palestine a
. . trasts ...
By Robert
Sh
HAVE orten heard It said that Palestine Is not a land of
much variety, even that it is very monotonous. If one com
pares it with other countries, the statement may be allowed
to be true; but in spring it affords delicious contrasts of cold
and almost grievous sterility with sofe and languorous opu
lence, the contrasts between the heights and the plains. Sad
and stony are the hills or sometimes dull In their rounded
nudity. Noble Hormon, with its glorious crest of snow,
excites the spirit, BBut as one rides through Palestine,
I
I
fr
the general effect of the hills is one that makes for a monotony not free from
melancholy. Monotonous, too, are the plains. But therein lies for me their
supreme attraction. As one slowly descends into them, picking his way
among the bristling rocks; he has the sensation of being taken aa by some
green and tranquil sea, full of lulling murmurs, and of movements that sug
gest passivity to the mind. The wild flowers stir in the breeze, the prairies
of corn turn to a dcicate pallor aa the silken wind bends each ear. Th. On-tury.
the Rations
Ex - Secretary of State
in the history of mankind when there
McCumber
the tillers of tho Boil? The wonder-
living with which the less fortunate are
Kconomy and sell-denial seem almost
lost art
S25 a dav rooms at their hotels. Let
$50 hat that has not $4 worth of actual
rooostuns. iney win nave given uew
Land of Con
Hie hens
mijt
R BOYS
Llstsn, LIT Lady.
Listen, 1IT Indy,
Ter Ue drnppln' ir de dew;
Owlno Icr tin' tit? Mowers
An' sweeten 'ein fer you!
Listen, HT Indv,
Tt-r a Kong ilnt'H fiesli an' new;
Win' Is kI n fiddle,
A-pluyin' tunes Ter you!
LlHlen. HT' lady,
T'-r (li- wrd diit's fnm de skies;
De ani;"ls wunta ter lln' you
I-'er do Unlit dut's In yo' eyes!
-Frank L. Btnnton, In the Atlanta Con
stitution. A Clever Colonel.
I have a pet cat at my home whose
name Is Colonel. He knocks at the
door when he wants to come- In and
If no one lets him in he stands upon
his i hind legs and shakes the door
knob so hard that If the door Is not
locked he can walk in. But one day
the door was locked and when Colon
el found tbnt he couldn't get in the
usual way he threw himself agalnBt
It. Clinging with his claws he rat
tled the key so hard we thought It
was a burglar. While we are used
to that noise now It still frightens
any one who happens to be visiting hotel where young Wright was em
use. James H. Newton in the New ployed. They were at the hotel for
York Tribune. a week or more, during which time
Spider Changes HIS Dress.
It is an Interesting Bight indeed to
watch a spider change its skin, and
one that will repay anyone for the
time taken up waiting for the little
known generally speaking event to
take place. When preparing for the
change the spider stops eating for
several days and makes his preliml
Binary arrangements by fastening
himself by a short thread of web to
one of the main lines of his snare,
this to hold him firmly while he pro
ceeds to undress.
First the skin cracks all round the
thorax being held only by the fore
part. Next the lower part of the
body Is uncovered and then comes
the struggle to free the legs. He
works and kicks vigorously, seeming
to have a very hard time of it Fif
teen minutes of continued persever
ance, however, brings him out of his
old dress, the struggle causing him to
appear limp and lifeless for some
time after it is finished. Geneva
News.
Selecting a Vocation.
It has been estimated that a con
siderable proportion of those who fail
in life are square pegs that have
been forced Into round holes, or round
pegs that have been driven by cir
cumstances into square holes. Many
an excellent farmer has been spoiled
by his going Into the law. Many a
good blacksmith has been lost to the
demands of Industry by going into
the pulpit. Many an able writer has
been lost because circumstances
forced him into a freight-handling of
fice. There are many practitioners
of medicine who would have made
better locomotive engineers. ' And
the reverse of all these propositions
is true. Nor is there disparagement
of any calling In making the state
ment The fact simply Is that envi
ronment and the necessities of earn
ing a livelihood frequently militate
to the effect of placing a young man
Into a position for which he is poorly
fitted or not fitted at all.
Specialization is the order of mod
ern progress. The very best can be
derived from the efforts of men and
women only when they have been
specially Instructed and trained
along the lines of their natural in
clination. A homely old proverb Bay's
that you can't make a silk purse out
of a sow's ear. By the same token,
you can't make a first-class doctor out
of a youth whose devotion Is to steam
and wheels and electricity, nor can
you make a first-class farmer out of
a youth who Is more Interested In the
circulation of the blood and the radii
of the nerve centres than he is in
legumes and the soil value of phos
phoric acid. Savannah Naws.
Home of the Shetland Pony.
Just off the coast of Scotland there
is a group of Islands called the Shet
land Islands. On one of this group
of Shetlands the men are so large
that they are almost giants, for they
are tall, strong and broad-shouldered.
Their wives and children, too, are
fine looking and intelligent. Only 25
miles away from this Island of Fet-
lar is one called Muckle Roe. There
the men are small, lll-shapen, home
ly, and in fact, look almost like queer
little dwarfs. These people are so
very loyal to each other that they do
not like to welcome any of their
neighboring Islanders to live In Muck
le Roe. For this reason these queer
people make very little progress.
When the people of Shetland Islands
reach the age of twenty they feel
rather sure of a long life, for over
half of the population live to be sev
enty years old and many of the peo
ple lead vigorous out-of-door lives un
til they are past eighty years of age.
The Shetland ponies are known the
world over. They are shaggy little
animals weighing only about one hun
2red pounds, but they are hardy
sure-footed and sensible. Their coats
are usually some shade of brown
though some are of such a rich
black that they are considered very
beautiful. For this reason the black
ponies are the most valuable. The
sheep of Shetland are small, having
short tails and short horns. Some
are white, others gray white; still
others are brown or black. Because
the wool grown on the native sheep
of Shetland Is finer than that on any
other sheep, Shetland wools are sold
a great deal in their natural colors
for fancy work. The woo! is so fine
that it can be span into threads finer
ADD
than laco threadB. It is a Shetlnnd
er's boast that a stocking made of th.
wool of on of these native sheet
may be drawn through a lady's ring.
The cows of these islands are small,
and usually marked with several col
ors. The native pigs of Shetland ars
unlike the porkers we are used to '
seeing for they are quite slim on ac
count of being fed on fish. Their
meat, too has a different - flavor, for
the taste of fish is even in the pork.
Washington Star.
Pays to be Polite.
It costs nothing to be polite, and
the man, woman or child who makes
politeness a specialty is not likely
to lose anything by the operation.
Some six years ago a Breckenrldge
county boy, Roy Wright by name, de
cided to try his fortune In the west.
He went to San Francisco and se
cured a position as boll-boy at one of
the leading hotels. Recently two
wealthy men of Cleveland on their
way to the Orient on a leisurely semi
scientific tour, were guests of the
Wright was answering the bell 1b
their apartments. He always appear
ed promptly when the bell sounded.
He responded politely when , ad
dressed and he was faithful and expe
ditious in carrying out orders.
The two Cleveland men liked
Wright's appearance and they were
pleased with his attention to busi
ness and his unstudied courtesy. They
concluded they could use a boy of
that kind on their Oriental tour to
look after their mall and baggage
and attend to other odd Jobs. They
Inquired of the hotel manager and he
gave Wright a first-class recommend
ation. The manager said be would
regret to lose Wright's services, but
would not stand in the way of any
opportunity the lad might have of
bettering his condition. That set
tled the question and young Mr.
Wright has been engaged to accompa
ny the Ohloans on a tour which will
last nearly a year. He is to get a
salary which is somewhat of an ad
vance on the wages he was receiving"
at the hotel and all his expenses are
to be paid. It will be a valuable
experience for the young Kentucklan
and the chances are that his bell
hopping days are over. It is pretty
certain he will make imaelf useful
and that his employers will see that
he is comfortably placed when the
Oriental journey is completed.
This little story, which comes to
light through the medium of a San
Francisco newspaper, shows that
pays to be polite and attentive ,
business. The boy who pursues tj
a policy will win his way and'
command respect, whether hesA
born In the royal purple or next-
door to a Kentucky tobacco patch.
Louisville Courier-Journal.
Blind
Boy as Judge.
"Some day
am going to be a reali
judge yes, a Supreme Court Judge!" 1
declares Benjamin Aplcello, bravely.
' He is the little blind boy, whom
2,500 pupils of Public School No. 110,
at Broomo and Cannon streets, have
elected supreme judge In their sys
tem of school government. Benjamin
lives in a little three-room tenement,
two flights np. at 125 1-2 Thompson
street. He is fourteen years old, tall
for his age and would be a hand
some little chap, with his mop of cur
ly black hair and traight regular fea
tures, if it were not for the half
closed sightless eyes.
Despite his handicap, his school
principal. Miss Adeline E. Simpson,
say he is one of the very brightest
pupils under her charge. Last year
he was promo-ted directly from grade
4 to grade 6. He is an expert typ
ist. Of course his reading Is all
done in Braille, but he Is in the
same class with the others in arlthe
tic, history, geography everything
except actual reading. That he is one
of the most popular boys In the
school Is proved by the fact that he
was elected judge without a dissent
ing vote and a whirlwind of cheers
followed the announcement of his
election.
"Yes. It made me feel pretty good,"
he admitted recently In his slow, soft
voice.' "You see, I wasn't always like
this. Until three years ago I could se.
Just like other fellows. And .then
one day I came out of the school
same school I go to now and right
close to it oi the sidewalk I saw
three of four brownish looking sticks
nil wound round with what looked
like string. I was a child I didn't
know. Ar.d the boy that was with
me he didn't know, either. And he
said, 'You take those sticks home
and burn off tho string ' and you
can sell them and make much money.'
"I went home. I lived at 98 Thomp
son street thea. My mother, she was
In the kitchen, but she didn't know
either. And I opened the stove cover
and I dropped In those sticks. There
was an explosion. They blew all
Into my eyes. And they hurt my
mother's ear. And the stove was all
smashed and there was an awful
noise. And I never can see any
more."
The boy's voice bail' got suspicious
ly low and shaky. His big brother
who was lounging on the arm of the
chair, impulsively bent over and
swept back the tumbled dark hair
with a caressing gesture almost moth
erly. Then Benjamin smiled.
"They are ail awful good to me,"
he continued. "My teacher, Miss
Simpson, she is good to me, too. She
knows I am especially interested In
the study of law." New York World,