Tl! BLeOIIOHD It Is One of the Curiosities of the Mineral Kingdom. A PUZZLE TO SCIENTISTS. Nature Hat In Some Peculiar Way Produced This flare Form of Carbon and Then Thrown Away the Secret of the Procesa Found Only In Brazil. The term "black diamonds'' Is some limes Jokingly applied to ordinary coal Which we burn in our furnaces, but the real "black diamonds" of com merce are among the most uuique min eral products of the world, aud they serve n purpose in the Industrial world that makes them of great value.' The black dlamouds are pure carbon and yet In no outward appearance resem ble the diamonds which we are accus tomed to wear as ornaments. They are slightly harder than the crystal or gem diamonds aud. In fact, about the hardest substance tnuwn. Black diamonds, or carbons, are among the greatest curiosities of the mineral kingdom. They are without crystalline form and are found in Ir regular pieces, ranging In size from half a carat up to three, four and five hundred carats. Tbey ore dark gray, black or brownish In color and opaque. The real diamond of the Jewelry trade Is also pure carbon, but translucent and crystalline In form. Two objects co alike In composition could not be found so opposite In appearance as these two forms of carbon. Another peculiar thing about the blQcldtnmonds Is that they are found only In one locality In the world. They come from a very small section of Bra zil not more than 2?5 miles square In area. Outside of this limited territory do pure black diamonds have ever been found. What peculiar freak of nature caus ed the deposition of the black dla- monds in this section of the world and 1 nowhere else is one of the mysteries Which science has failed to explain. None of them has been found in the great KImberley diamond regions, W-here the crystnl form of diamonds have, for so long been mined. The whole origin of the black dia mond Is, therefore, a scleutlHc enigma. Naturally the question Is raised, "Of what use is a black diamond?" No one would core to wear one of these diamonds, which resembles a piece of coal more than a real diamond, and so Ann I. 1 .. KA Klnnr XU1 UU VUC IIU9 I'uJUHII l'.JJ lUC UIHLb i gems as t!ie black pearl has been. Nevertheless the black diamonds serve a most Important and useful function In the Industrial world. This pure black carbon Is not only harder than the real diamond, but tougher and not so brittle as the gem. consequently it is or great vaiue ror many mechanical purposes and partic ularly for boring with diamond drills. In diamond drilling the tips of the drills are studded with carbon, or black diamonds, and wbeu the bores are deep the pressure Is so great that the gem diamonds would be crushed In the process. Hut the carbon resists this continued pressure and slowly eats down into the rocks. i; N In diamond drill work- the carbon is set In circular pieces of soft steel or Iron, called bits, and these bits are at tached to tubing- Armed with these black diamond teeth, the drills push their way down under severe pressure ' - to. a depth of Bve and six thousand feet, cutting through the hardest kind of rock. Some black diamonds are much harder than others, and there Is no way to determine by the color the difference in the degree of toughness. Black diamonds or pure carbon are not by any means cheap, and the own ers of the mines in Brazil where they are gathered are making a good thing out of their monopoly. There Is no known substance that can take place of carbon In drills In boring for gold, silver, copper and other mineral deposits. Before the black diamonds of Brazil were discovered it was tm possible to make borings. v When the carbon was first lntroduc- ea in our Industries It was used in diamond saws for cutting stones, mar- Die and similar substances. Tbfh the price nd vu need so that the curboti was found too costly for such use. and boit was substituted for stone cutting. Bort Is really an Imperfect crystal or gem diamond, but it Is too brittle for use In drills. Consequently bort has tuk- the place of blnok diamonds for i stone cutting, and the hitter buve b'eeu restricted almost entirely to diamond drilling purposes. ) ' The average size of black dlamouds used In the drills ranges from two to ive carats, but the larger speciuieus xlve much better results. They cost 'more, but they last longer. Conse quently there is a greater demaud tor the larger pieces of pure carbon, and tile price is sometimes run up to pre mium' figures for unusual specimens. , The fear that the supply of black diamonds may some day give out and paralyze the diamond drilling Industry bas Mtimulated prospectors to syste matic search for new deposits, but so far they have not been successful. On the other band, scientists have been muklng a close study of the chemical conditions which have produced the black diamonds, but their manufacture to apparently about as difficult at the snaking of the gem diamonds. It Is possible under certain conditions to lake either, but not In sizes sufficient to be of any commercial value. Na ture In some) peculiar way has made tbese rare products and then thrown Hjbe secret of the procesa away. If any , man caa Tef unlock or Bad thaUee st he may caaae a panic In tbe dia mond trade. Scientific American. FOOTBALL TANGLES. Queer Situations That' Have Developed on the Gridiron, In the fall of 18i)0 Young, the' Cor nell quarterhack-.-receivi'd a bad bump on the bead during the first half of one of the early games aud was so dazed that he gave the signal for the same play eight times in succession.. The rival eleven, uuable to compre hend such generalship, or, rather, lack of It, became Just as bewildered as the Injured quarterback and iu the ef fort to understand the unintelligible let the Cornell backs through for a quick touchdown. The culling out bf numbers while the opposing quarterback is trying to give his team the signal for the next play has resulted In numerous tangles. In one of the Army nnd Navy contests the quarterback of the latter eleven be came so confused In one instance when, the Army players were shouting out" various numbers while he was trying to direct the next play that he actual ly gave bis men one of the scries of uumbers the Army men were suggest ing. The incomprehensible signal and the subsequent tnixup may be better imagined than explniued. On the Yale squad in 1000 there was a man who was not only a good play er, but nn excellent comedhin. It was told of him thnt more than once be put this gift to good account In a game. An amusing remark here, a bit of a story there, then a touch of burlesque, j and his rival lu the line would forget : for the moment that football Is too se rious a matter for laughter. It Is un necessary to add that the comedian I was never so Interested In his own ; dramatic efforts as to fall to take ad vantage of their effect on the other man. Outing. A LITERARY SIN. The Fabrication of Quotationa la a Censurable Practice. riaglarlsin Is hardly so great a crime as the fabrication of quotations a practice which has caused many an earnest student to waste hours In a f,"C88. endcnrPr t0 !Cethe P.e ; cirea. Among ine gumy ctuiuuei nut j ren deserves special mention. On one occasion he took part in a debate dur- : Ing which Hoebuck bonsted that he I was not a party man, whereupon War- ren rose aud said that "my learned ' friend's boast reminds me painfully . of the words of Cicero, 'He who be longs to no party Is presumably too vile for any.' " At the conclusion of the de bate Hoebuck came over to compli ment his adversary on having made a successful hit, adding, "1 am fairly well up iu Cicero, but 1 have no idea where I can Dud the passage you quot ed." "Neither have I," said Warren, j "Good night." v. That literary sin, the fabrication of quotations, leaves its legacy of trouble behind It long after it has been com mitted. Only the 6ttjer day to a week ly Journal's correspondence column came the venerable question ns to where In the Scriptures Is to be found a reference to "oil on the troubled waters," a quotation countless preach ers and writers have Used for cen turies, but neftbor Cruden's "Concord"--ance of the Bible" refers to It nor has Notes and Queries or Its Industrious correspondents ever been able to throw ! a light upon its origin. London Chron i lcle. Instructed the Queen. I Queen Victoria of England was once ' pulled up short by nn old -Bcotchwo- man' "er nmtjes "nd f "r ? one afternoon to sit on a hillside aud watch some of her relatives fishing In the river below, her, when she found that she had no thimble lu her pocket, so could not work, as she had intend ed, at the sewing she was carrying. Turning out of her way .to Mrs. Sym ond's shop, she bought the smallest thimble there, which was, however, many sizes , too big for her. There was an old Scotch dame at the coun ter Impatiently waiting to make bet own purchases. Not recognizing the queen, she broke into the conversation ! with a "Hoots, but It's a rare fuss an' j faddle you're uiakin'. Blow intae it j weel an' it'll stick." That phrase, the 1 latter part of the sentence, amused ber ""Jcsty immensely and became quite " ,,,uve,u mB miru' luu""' Mind Over Matter, i "Much may be done." said the acute i observer, "by an authoritative voice, j Now, if a mini says to a dog. "Come here!' with a note of absolute authorl , ty iu his voice the dog conies iinme- diately." "Yes," said the traveler, "I've notic ed It. And It Is especially marked In oriental peoples. Why, when I was in ' Khnlisandjhnro I heard a man say. with that authoritative note iu his tone, "O king, live forever,' nnd im mediately the king lived forever." Carolyn Wells in Success Magazine. Disinterested Affection. ' "I'm afraid. Edward, you're marry ing me only because I've inherited from my uncle 100,000 crowns." "Why, Blanche, how can you think that of me? Your uncle is nothing to me. I would marry you no matter ' from whom you Inherited the money." Der Floh. Successful. "I started out on the theory that the world had an opening for me, and I went to find It." ' "Did you find itr "Oh, yes; I'm in a hole." Baltimore American. ' ' A Double Hold. Mist Moonllte Er let me hold the reins, please. Mr. Bashpbul What will I do then? Mi, Moonllte You might hold the holder of the reins. Boston, Herald. ni UVVN ftltUIOlivC, The Dose That Was Handed to the Persistent Agent. '" tie wns n sewing murblne, agent of the most aggressive type. Fdr twen ty minutes the lady of the houwe bad been p waiting au opportuuity to say that she already possessed one. . At last be paused, ouly long enough, however, to thrust a card luto the lady's hand. The bit of pasteboard was certainly a novelty. "My name Is Solium." It rend, "of the firm of Blank & Co., sewing ma chine manufacturers, and 1 Intend cc prove to you that it Is madness to de fer purchasing one of our unequaled machines." 1 After a long description of the ma chine came the following: "You may plead that you are unable to work a machine. 1 will remove that objection In fifteen minutes or lu three lessons. Will cull next Wednesday." When the agent culled again a six foot man opened the door and blandly remarked: "You're the sewing machine man. 1 suppose?" "Yes; I called last week, and" "Yes, I know," Interrupted the big man. "You don't know me, 1 suppose. My name's Bury of Bury & Kecpeui undertakers, and I Intend to prove to you that it Is madness to defer pur chasing one of our unequaled colli ns." The agent began to edge awny. "You may plead that you are scarce ly qualified for a colli n," the big man went on. "I will remove that objection In ten seconds." But the agent simply tore from the house. London Tlt-Blts. WHAT TO DO. Hints on First Aid to Everybody on All Occasions. When a man rushes Into your olllce hurriedly and says: "By Jingo, Dawson, I bate to speak of it. but 1 heed $300 like the very old dickens today!" Answer. "What a singular coinci dence. Rinks!. I po tool" When the lovely young maiden at the seaside to whom you have been paying court all summer shakes ber head violently and says: "No, Mr. Blltbers; 1 cannot Imagine any circumstances under which I could be Induced to marry you." Answer. "Thanks, -Miss" Jones. This is a great relief. I was afraid you bad misconstrued my attentions and. of course, desired ,to live up to my im plied obligations." When ycu run face to- face with your tailor upon the street and he turns a cold, beady eye upon you and says: "Excuse me. Mr. Bump, but whnt have you to say about my little bill?" Answer. "I don't think I have met your little Bill, Mr. Snlpperton. in deed. I didn't know you bad any chil dren nt all." While he Is recovering from this Jump into a taxi and proceed to break, the speed laws. Carlyle Smith In Har per's Weekly. Relative Strength of Arms. As a result of some very Interesting experiments made at Washington with a view to determine the relative strength of right nnd left limbs It has been ascertained that over DO per cent of the 'men examined bad the right arm stronger than the left, 10.40 per cent bad the arms' of equal length and strength, and 32.70 per cent had the left arm stronger than the right. Of women 40.90 per cent bad the right arm stronger than thejeft, and 24.50 per cent had the left stronger than the right. In order to arrive nt the aver age length of limbs fifty skeletons were measured, twenty-five of each sex. Of these twenty-three bad the right arm and left leg longer, six the left arm and right leg, while In seven teen cases all the members were more or less equal in length. Exchange. Disadvantages of Poverty. "We're golu' to move again In a month or two." said the little girl on the back porch. "We move into a uew bouse every year." "We don't." said the little girl lu the adjoining yard. "My papa owns this house." "And you don't never move into any other one?" "No.'; "My. my: It must be awful to be ns poor us that!" Chicago Tribune. A Reliable Man. "Wbcuever 1 don't like a man very well." remarked the cynical person. "I give him a tip on the races. 1 dou't care bow much it loses for him." "But suppose it wins." - "Then he's unhappy because he didn't bet more." . "And If be doesn't bet at all?" "I keep on giving tips until one does win. and then be feels as if he bad missed the chance of his life." Wash ington Star. ' A Rialto View. , "Do you think a little Shakespeare would go as a vaudeville act?" in quired Ilamlett Fatt. "Why not?" responded Yorlck Bamm. "Everybody feels that he has got to stand for It If It cornea along. No man is going to admit that Shake speare la over his bead." Washington Herald. His' L.ttle Joke. V . Percy 1 aw wrestled fob an hour with me scarf this morning. Algernon Which won the victory, deab boy. you or the acarf ? Percy Nelt bar. Cawn't you aex the match wemilted lu a tie?. Haw, bawl-Chicago NeVs, FRAUD ORDERS. The Way Our Postoffice Inspeotora Protect the Public Vfcen a person or firm that Is un known to lt)c postolllce Inspectors be gins to receive large quantities of let ters the Inspectors begin to Investi gate. Tbey visit the office of the con cern nnd learn what tlrey can. if It Is a legitimate and honest business It Is not Interfered with. But if It looks "shady," If it hnppehs to be a mining or land scheme thnt offers large re turns upou the Investment of mowy. the Inspectors abstract u dozen or so of the Incoming letters from the mall, get the names and addresses of the Writers and-then reseal the letters and permit them to be delivered. . The next move for the Inspectors Is to visit the persons whose names nnd addresses were taken from the letters and to get from them the correspond ence of the supposed fraudulent con cern. With this the Inspectors "make" a case and cither cause the arrest bf the dishonest persons or cnuse A "fraud order" to be Issued ngalnst It. A "fraud order" Is simply nn order mode by the postal authorities at Washington declaring thnt such a business is fraudulent and warning the public against sending money to It. After thnt ench letter coming ad dressed to that concern is stamped "fraud", in red Ink across Its face and returned to the sender. Thousands of schemes for defraud ing the public has been stopped by the postal authorities, and they are always on the watch for them. Kansas City Star. ROQUEFORT CHEESE. Tfie Discovery Made by a Poor French Peasant Boy. A shepherd boy with a poor nppe tlte discovered the secret of making Koquefort cheese. True us gospel! Tbey swear by that story today In Roquefort, France,1 and If they only knew the lad's name they'd raise a monument to him. lie was out tend ing sheep, and,, the suu smiting down hard, be went Into a cavern to ent bis cheese ond rye bread. He fulled to get away with all of It and threw a hunk of the cheese off to one side. It hap pened to drop-on a natural shelf, and a few months Inter the boy found the cheese still there. He saw that It had undergone a constitutional change, for Instead of being dry and hard It was moist and creamy. Besides, there were veins of greenish mold running through It. The boy took a nip, aud the taste was so pleasing he carried a crumb borne to bis mother. She must have been a woman of intelligence, for no sooner bad she tasted thau she took one of the largest rolls of cheese from ber dairy, had her sou guide her to the cavern and placed It on the shelf. In due time the same change was wrought, and Itoquefort cheese had arrived as an article of com merce. All the natural caverns around the quaint old town uow are used for ripening cheese, and the women work in them witb small oil lamps strapped around their chests. New York Tress. Hood and His Aunt. While still n boy Thomas Hood went to Scotland for a holiday trip and stayed with bis aunt, who wns a rigid Sabbatarian. He describes bow upon one occasion the old lady was too in disposed to go to ber beloved kirk, but found entertainment iu the description of the passersby furuished by her ir repressible "uevvy:" "Tammy, my man, keek out who's that?" "That's Bailie So-and-So's dnughter, aunt, tiud Isn't she making desperate love to young Somebody,- who's walking bv her side?" "The graceless hlzzle! I'd wauk ber, gin I were-her mammie! Keek out again, Tnm." "There's Mrs. Blank, auut, and she's got on a grand silk gown nnd such a velvet mantle!" "Set us up, laddie! She, In deed, the sillle wnstrife bodle! She'd better far pay a' she's owing. Who's nelst?" And so they would go on, the crabbed old Scotchwoman little sus pecting half the "stour" proceeded from the active imagination of her "uevvy" to heighten the fun and draw her out. ' Overstocked. Madge as the oldest of a family of girls has evidently heard and taken to heart the disappointment of her par ents over the excessive femininily al lotted by the fates to the family quiv er. When recently the fifth little daugh ter was born Madge was playing lu the gardeu with one of ber sisters and. as a neighbor considered, was decided ly rough with the child. "Madge, don't trent your little sister .o," remonstrated the neighbor. "Y'ou might kill ber." "Well, if I did." was the cool re sponse, "there's plenty more in the bouse." Philadelphia Ledger. Unchanging Sport. The sport of deerstalking -Is still the most natural and most nearly al lied to the bunting of primitive man that Is to be found In the British Islands. The difference between the actual hunting of the hungry Pict and the stalking of the owner of a modern deer forest is Uttla more than tbe weapon. Field. When He Feels 8afe. Bacon A map feela more secure when bis views are indorsed by oth ers. Egbert Especially so If tbe man In question is a baseball umpire. Yon kera Statesman. Out on Top. . Fuddy Did you ever notice that successful' men are generally - bald? Duddy Certainly. They catae out on top. Boston Transcript. .- BIRDS' NECKS. It's the Number of Bones In Them That Makes Them Flexible. ) Tbe flamingoes were making their afternoon toilets In tbe big Hying cage at the Bronx too tbe other afteruoon, says a writer In a New York paper A crowd of children and grown people were looking on nnd exclaiming with admiring wonder at tbe way these birds were twisting their long necks about into all sorts of corkscrews and curves when one of tbe ornithological experts came along and stopped to watch the performance. "It's the larger uumbcr of bones in a bird's neck, not the length, that make It so flexible," be remarked. "There are twenty-three 'bones In the neck of aswan, for example, and a few more In that of tbe flamingo. It seems that tbe smaller tbe animal organism the larger tbe nuuibol of tieck bones. The giraffe, for instance, has only seven bones in bis long neck, which has a reacb of nearly twenty feet from the ground. That little white throated sparrow over there Is only three Inch es high, but he has fourteen bones In bis neck and can almost scratch the back of his bead with bis bill. The swan has . twenty-three neck bones and swings bis head about with even greater freedom than a snuke." THE PLEBEIANS. Their Secession From Rome and Their Rise to Power. ( Plebeians were the commons of Borne, who were originally forbidden all political rights. They were for tbe most part poor and were not allowed to Intermarry with the patricians. Tbey served In the army, without pay and were sold Into slavery for debt and could even be cut Into pieces for distribution among their creditors. Finding their condition intolerable, the plebeians In 497 B. C. seceded to Mons Sacer, near Home, where tbey resolved to build a new city. But this step so alarmed tbe privileged classes that they granted to tbe commons the right of annually choosing from their own numbers two magistrates, called tribunes, with power to protect them against tbe aggressions of the patri cians. After the lapse of about 200 years the disabilities of tbe plebeians were almost entirely removedf and between the years 350-300 B. O. they secured" the dictatorship, the censorship and the praetorshlp as well as the right to be pontiff and augur. Thus the no man republic, after two centuries of existence, finally secured a democratic form of government. New York American. Sweat and Perspire. It Is possible to tell almost exactly when the more elegant '"perspire" drove out the vulgar "sweat." Ac cording to a writer In the London Gen tleman's Magazine In 1791. "for some time past uelthhr man, woman nor child In Great Britain and Ireland of any rank or fashion has been subject to the gross form of exudation which was formerly known ns 'sweat.' Now every mortal, except carters, coal heavers and chnlrmen, merely 'per spires.' Far these twenty years past the word 'sweat' has been gradually becoming more and more odious." Before 1770 or so "perspiration" commonly meant an insensible process, "swenting" the grosser variety there of. In one of bis sermons Wesley re marked that "during a night's sleep a healthy tmyi perspires one part in four less when he sweatsthan when he does not." That would be meaning less today. Queer Sort of Borrow. He was displaying with much pride a silver dollar "pocket piece." "One of my best friends,", he saleY, patting it fondly, "nave bad it ten years, aud,durlng tbat time have been dead broke half a hundred times and in actual need pf food and a bed quite often." "Whnt!" a listener exclaimed "Keep a dollar from sentiment and go hun gry and sleepless?" "I didn't say so," the other replied. "I never went tbat far. You see, when' I'm so hard pressed I use the coin as collateral. I borrow another dollar nnd give this one as security to be held till called for. Queer sort of borrow. Isn't it? But the coin's too good" a friend to desert." New York Globe. Identified Her. A story of lovely woman's ability to rise superior to those petty details which so often hamper, limit and nul lify tbe operations of any mere man is told of a Harrison woman who tried to have a check cashed at a bank where she was not known, says tbe Newark Call. Tbe usual remarks were made by the cashier concerning the need of Identification, to which tbe woman itnmediately replied: "Oh. well, that's easy. I can always be identified by this mole on my cheek." A Mistaken Cure. "Jennie!" yelled the composer. "Yes. dear," called back the gentle wife. "Why in thunder don't yon keep tbat kid quiet?. What alls it?" "I can't think, dear. I'm singing ont of your lullabies to tbe poor little dar ling!" Lipplncott's. ( A Potential Difference. "Pa. what's the difference between Idealism and realism?" . "Idealism, my son. is tbe contempla tion of marriage; realism la being mar ried. Boeton Transcript. Tbt world la a ladder for soma to go up and others to coma flows. French Proverb. . .For Catarrh Mfldicina Free in F.vrv dnan Where It Fails to Relieve Negtect or pessimism, we believe, is the greatest enemy the public haov to contend with when applied to the loss or recovery of health. Prac tically every case of consumption might have been cured if hope had been maintained and proper treat ment had been resorted to at the first symptom of the disease. Until the advanced stage is readied con-1 sumption is cuntble. Catarrh is re sponsible, we believe, for many cases of consumption. . It is about catarrh we want to talk to you to day, incidentally consumption', since the two.are so closely allied. We have a medicine made from a prescription of one' of the most suc cessful catarrh specialists known. We believe it is positively without an equal. ' We are so satisfied that wo are right, that wo will suddIv tlie mcuicine tree in evnrv msfnncA where it is used according to direc tions : for a reasonable length of I time, should it fail to give satis faction in every particular. We want every one to try this medi cine at our risk. There are no con ditions attached to our offer. We put the user under no obligation to us whatever. The medicine we want you to try is Itexall Mucu-Tone. It is a catarrh remedy that goes direct to the seat of trouble. It is carried by. the blood to every part of the sys tem. It purifies and enriches the blood, tones up the mucous cells, and brings about a condition of health and strength that tends to Drevent the cernis nf rnhsnmntinn from getting a start. Besides this, Ilexall Mucu-Tone is a wonderful appetizer, digestive aid and flesh builder. Its good effects are often felt from the very first dose. It is one of the larc.t and most satist factory selling medicines that we have ever had anything to do with. We know so much of the great good that it has done that we per sonally back it up with our reputa tion and money, which fact should be ample guarantee to satisfy any body. Ilexall Mucu-Tone comes in . two sizes, 50 cents and $1.00. We urge you to try it. - Remember you can obtain Rexall Remedies only at The Rexall Store. -toke & Felcht Drug Company. i o - - IfUUV1 ' " J . " FAMILY FAVORITI ILLUMINATING OIL makes the light that rests tbe eyes. Nearest approach lo natural sun light known. Most economical too burns to (the very last drop v: Ithout readjust ing wick. Does nol.char, smoke or "smell." Clear, witer-white, free from sediment. Not to be compared with ordinary tank wagon oil. ask your dealer to serve you out of the orlolnal barrel. Then you have the purest, best lamp oil made. WAVERLY OIL WORKS CO., Independent Hefners f PITTSBURG PA. Also makers of Wsverfy Special Ante 00 and Waver ly Gasolines. I am about to Move My Business from Jackson street to Main street, Opposite 1. 0. 0. F. Hall Where I will continue bus iness on a much larger scale and will pay best price in CASH for Scrap Iron, Old Rubbers, Boots and Shoes, Beef Hides, Sheep Pelts, Horse Hides. H, Adelson 534 Jackson St., ' Reynoldsville, Pa. 5 f jfj aMaaaMBaaaaTai al lii I SalaTaTaTaTaTap r WINDSOR HOTEL W. T. Brubaker, Mar. Midway betweea Broad Si. Station aad Reading Terminal oa PHbert at, European 11.00 per day and up. American S2.W p)r on and no. Theonly moderate priced aotet of tap utatlon and eoeu;uence la V aHiL-iM.a