"Keep Tabs" on Yourself
By L. J. Wright
SrT&CV K -X "If
Growth of Farm Mail Service.
Fourteen years ago the first experi
ment In rural free mail delivery was
Bade, and It Is only within the past
ton years that any considerable sum
his been appropriated by congress (or
(his purpose. This year the service
will coBt the government about $37,
QW.OOO, and the force ot rural nail
Garriers numbers about thirty thous
and. American Cultivator.
Profit In Trees.
Farmers who " are planting lpcust
trees declare that there is no more
profitable way of utilizing cheap land.
They figure It this way: . Two thous
and four hundred trees can be planted
to an acre; in eight years these trees
Will be large enough to cut for fence
posts and each tree will yield two
posts. At retail these posts will be
worth 26 cents each, or 60 cents a
tree. That means at retail a crop
worth $1200 per acre at the end ot
fight years, or an average of $160 an
tore a year. Kansas City Journal.
Keep the Mower Busy.
One of our moat careful grain grow
ers keeps his mower busy during the
fall In his stubble nelds. The weeds
are kept mowed off, until the ground
la In fit condition to ploy, and then
a good job of plowing will turn them
ijnder so far that they will not get
through this tall. The thing to do
n keeping down weeds Is to keep
them from seeding. If this Is done we
are sure not to scatter any fresh seed,
. although some of the old seed will
no doubt come up next season. It for
any reason plowing Is to be delayed
flon't take any chances on the weeds
going to seed. Keep the mower out
$ntll the plows are ready to start.
Indiana Farmer.
Try Crimson Clover.
Crimson clover with oats Is an ex
periment worth trying. We have oats
tnd crimson clover together) but have
eard the plan recommended. If
they succeed and the oats are cut at
the proper time to make oat hay the
. product will be a richer hay than If
ft were all oats. Oats and Vetch make
a fine hay also; but In sowing either
erimson clover or vetch the land needs
to contain the necessary bacteria for
these plants, or they will, not succeed.
It will be worth your while to try
' both these plants with oats. Sow one
bushel oats and 8 pounds of crlm
on clover per acre. Sow the oats first
i and then the crimson clover, as the
lover should not be covered deep. "
For vetch and oats, sow 20 pounds
etch and one bushel ot oats per acre,
lb this Instance sow the vetch first
as the vetch seed will stand deeper
covering than the oats. Progressive
Farmer.
The Value of Legumes.
One of the state stations, as most
ot them do, lays strong claim to the
regumlnous plants for soil fertility, as
well as for Immediate crops. Two of
these are specially referred to In terms
v following:
1 The cow pea and soy bean belong
to the legume family. These plants
are able, through the medium of bac
, teria which are associated with their
root systems, to assimilate free nitro
gen from the soil air. This character
istic makes these plants a valuable
asset to the farmer's list of crops.
As forage crops the cow pea and
soy bean should be given a conspic
uous place In the rotation. The grain
and forage thus obtained furnish nlt-
, rogenous material for the ration which
Is used in feeding the live stock on
the farm.
On upland soils both crops will re
spond to applications of barnyard
manure, hence this by-product of the
farm should receive special attention
. even if our lands are comparative
ly new.
The farmer has a long list of varie
ties at his disposal. In making a se
lection productiveness is an important
item. Indiana Farmer.
Handling the Colts.
It is my rule to begin training a
colt as soon as It is able to stand up
good. Let it know you are a friend,
and it will soon learn this if you al
ways deal gently with it Pet and
fondle it a igreat deal. If the mother
1a Ul and objects to your being in the
stable with the colt tie har out of
reach so she can do you or the colt
no harm, the pet the colt Teach it
what "whoa" means by putting one
arm around Its neck and the other
around its rump and tell it "whoa"
while it struggles, as it is sure to -do.
It can be taught to back while still
young, too. Put a halter on it and
teach it to lead and stand tied; when
the mother is driven on the road tie
the colt by her side if the distance is
not too great, and let it go with her,
as It will learn to travel and get used
to objects, etc., while small and will
never know to scare at them when it
4 grown. If the distance is too great
tie the colt in the stable till the
the mother returns, to eat oats, bran,
eklm milk, etc., and colt can stay
from the mother a day without being
any the worse for It. When the colt
is old enough to work put harness on
It that fits well; hitch It beside a gen
tle horse and ter.ch it to work. We
teach ours first In the farm wagon.
When it knows how to pull and is
used to the bits, put a small load of
manure or something In the wagon
and draw It to a near-by field, but
never over-load a colt or you will
make a balker out of It Speak gen
tly to It all the time and it will not
get nervous as it would if the lash
and rough words were used.
We always work our colts a little
at two years, hitch them up every
week or so and they will not forget
what It is to pull. At three years old
put more work on them, and we us
ually have ours broke at three years
to work any place that an old horse
can, and they do not scare, kick or
balk. Writer in the Indiana Farmer.
... Apple 8cab.
An ever present, and very general
ly neglected, pest of the orchard la
the fungous disease,, apple scab, or
"black spot" as It Is sometimes called.
This disease has been so frequently
described as to be perfectly familiar.
Spraying is effective in securing a
crop of fruit relatively free from this
disease, even In those seasons when
the scab is mogt prevalent.
For several years the conditions
have been such that the fruit has been
relatively free from scab, and as a re
sult many giowers who took up the
practice of spraying some years ago,
have gradually ceased to spray. It
should be Bald, however, that this ne
glect is wholly comparable to the ne
glect which permits the lapse of a fire
insurance policy. It may be unneces
sary to Bpray to Becure a crop of fair
fruit one year, or even two or three
years In succession; but when the un
favorable season does come. If spray
ing has been neglected, there is fre
quently a needless loss of several hun
dred barrels of fruit in orchards of
average size.
The fact has been clearly demon
strated that, In a bad season, there
was a difference of 60 percent in the
amount of perfect fruit upon sprayed
and unsprayed trees, the best results
being obtained from the UBe of bor
deaux mixture. In other words, trees
not sprayed gave on three successive
years, 1, .9, and 38.2 percent of the
fruit free from scab, while the same
years an equal number of trees spray
ed with eau celeste (copper sulphate,
carbonate of soda and ammonia) gave
68.8, 30.1 and 72.8 percent respective
ly. The third year bordeaux mixture
was used and gave still better results
79.9 percent ot the fruit being free
from scab.
From these and similar results ob
tained al over the country, It is evi
dent that spraying has ceased to be an
experiment as a means of controlling
certain orchard diseases. The results
above cited, have been repeatedly con
firmed both at this station and else
where. Reference is made to the sub
ject at this time only to emphasize
the Importance of using precautionary
measures. Even though there be no
crop of fruit, the increased vigor of
the trees as a result of clean, healthy
foliage, will far more than repay the
cost ot spraying. This spraying with
bordeaux mixture Bhould be done first
before the buds burst, and again im
mediately after the blossoms fall, if
but two treatments are to be given.
If the season is very wet, however,
at least four treatments at intervals of
two or three weeks are found to be
advantageous. Prof. W. M. Munson,
Experiment Station, Orono, Me.
Notes of the Farm.
Burnt or charred corn will take the
place of charcoal for laying hens.
Read all the agricultural matter you
can get hold of. You will always
profit by so doing.
About the best way to feed turnips
to sheep is to cut them up and mix
with some dampened bran.
Turn the hogs in the orchard every
few days to clean up the refuse fruit
It will do them good as well as the
orchard.
A fowl should not be fed for at
least twelve hours previous to killing,
and the meat will be found to be ten
percent better.
Make some arrangement for warm
ing the water for the stock in cold
weather. It is not good policy to give
them ice-cold water.
It is impossible to stand a high-
priced horse for a cheap service fee,
and it is equally impossible to expect
a colt from a cheap horse.
Horses with large overgrown frames
have so much dead weight caused by
superfluous fat that It tires out their
legs to carry about their bodies.
With colts especially overfeeding
quickly lmpaires the digestive organs
and in this condition the system is
much more liable to disease and dis
orders in general.
It Is said that In Algeria the horses
out-number the human beings.
NE of the ways in
dent ot his salary and has placed himself in that position
comes from the purchase of an account book, for which he
m
paid 10 cents. Every
try in his book. Every time he buys a newspaper, a cigar, a
drink, a necktie, a
the theatre or to a
the smallest sum from his hoard he puts the record of his
expenditure in bis
And every time that he onens his book and reads some of the entries he
regrets that he has made therd.And every time he regrets he resolves to make
no more like them. And some, although not all, of these resolutions stick.
The plan is worth trying.
This worker upon taking stock of his outgo finds many places in which
he has spent money uselessly and foolishly. He makes up his mind not to
repeat the mistakes. Sometimes when
held back by the more thought of the labor of putting down the sum. His lit
tle book has eured blm of the sin that besets so many men that of buying a
thing, not because be wants It, but
The first hundred dollars Is the
The Interest upon the hundred dollars that lies in the bank is something. It
Is something to think that there is that hundred waiting like troops in re
serve for some emergency in which it surely will be needed. The interest is
piling up all the time. The opportunity
other dollars comes uselessly to the man who has not the first hundred,
When it comes to the man who has the money stowed away he takes advan
tage of It
The notebook Idea has been operated with success by men whose Incomes
have been so large they were not forced by necessity to resort to the minute
description of their expenditures.
But they knew as well as those men of smaller means knew that the
leaks that are not noted are the leaks that count up. When the man has his
eye on the outgo all the time the chances are in favor of the proposition that
the outgo will not get away from him He will know when it is becoming too
heavy, and he at once can take means to check it. But the man who only
knows that it is'costlng him all he makes to live does not see where he can ex
clude any expenditures. It Is to the worker of this class that the notebook
scheme ought to appeal with great force. A book may be bought for a nickel.
Surely that is not an expensive luxury
ered. The Workers' Magazine.
0
Proper Regulation of
Concentrated Wealth
l By Secretary
HE irresponsibility of the wlelder o! millions of capital which
has heretofore accompanied his exorcise of power in the
business communities it 1b now settled must have an end;
and the limitations which shall effectually end it will be
E dictated by experience and the statesmanlike acumen of tne
coming generation. Such a change cannot be effected in a
short time. Such a change cannoc be brought about by mere
denunciation and Indiscriminate condemnation, whether de
livered from a stump or co Unified in the provisions of law.
They must and will be fashioned ultimately by tbo hand of one or many, who
shall realize the necessity for maintaining the institution at private property
and the freedom of individual initiative on the one hand, and of restraining
the well-recognized abuses and illegalities of the exercise of the power of con
centrated wealth to achieve monopoly
and it only needs experience and earneBt effort, honest and courageous and
expeditious courts, intelligent and fearless juries, to enforce the regulations
which shall teaoh those who would otherwise offend and misuse the power of
concentrated wealth that it is not only
neas, but also profitable, to observe the
science of the people has insisted upon
The same general observations are applicable to railroads, as they exercise a
publlo function.
A "Square Deal" for
The Insane Poor
By Henry Wolfer, Warden of Stillwater
I
JL
,
' 'f '
i '
F a man is Insane when he commits a' crime, In what way
does he differ from the man, who, through the interest
and Influence ot friends or relatives, has been found Insane
and sent to the asylum before he commits an overt act? The
only difference I can see is In the name. The first is called
an insane criminal and the latter criminally insane. The
former may be poor and without friends, but he is neverthe
less entitled to the same protection, humane and consider
ate treatment, as the latter. We have at least twenty of
these unfortunates' in our prison, who were clearly insane when arrested, and
the crime was doubtless the result of Insanity. Why should such a poor un
fortunate be branded as a criminal because he has no friends? In the ma
jority of such cases the court could easily have determined his mental disor
der and committed him to the asylum for the insane, where be belongs; and
until some pains are taken to follow out this humane course much needless
suffering and heartless abuse of those poor unfortunates are bound, to follow
throughout their jail and prison experience. I ask you the possessor ot a
heart that beats In sympathy with the most unfortunate and oppressed Is it
not enough to excite your sympathy to see this poor mental wreck reeling about
In his chaotic efforts to stand alone, without branding him as a criminal, and
treating him as one?
sr
The Red
v
n
By Charles Never Holmes.
ARS will ever be an object of Interest to us, because of its
comparative proximity and because its surface presents lit
tle difficulty of telescopic examination, mid should some of
the conjectures relative to its present or past habttablHty
prove to be true such results would be most enthusiastically
welcomed. At present however, data concerning Mars are
necessarily meagre, and even semi-positive assertion wheth
er the planet is or is not inhabited would be merely conjectural.
Mars possesses about one-half our diameter and one-seventh our volume
It is svne 140,000,000 miles from the sun, and consequently at a mean distance
of nearly 50,000,000 miles from us. It receives less than one-half the sunlight
and beat per square foot that we do; has an atmosphere less dense than ours,
and possesses water and ice. The planet exhibits two ice caps at its poles,
and orange and reenlsh tlnsts between these poles. These peculiar Hnes of
markings the "j inals" concerning which there has arisen much discussion,
form a sort of inexplicable networkover the surface ot ruddy Mars.
Thus I- way It may be left to any man's judgment whether or not Mars
is inhabited. There seems to be no serious reason why it should not be; but
to declare what sort of anthroplcal or amphibious creatures inhabit this plan
et is a too comprehensive stretch ot one's imagination.
which a man has made himself Independ
time he spends a cent be puts an en
suit of clothes; every time he goes to
dance; every time that he draws even
book,
he Is tempted to spend money he is
because It is cheap,
hardest to save, but money gets money,
of making that hundred dollars earn
when the possible results are consld
of War Taft
by duress. Such regulation is possible,
moral and conducive to their happl
regulations that the quickened con'
introducing upon the statute-book,
(Minn.) State Prison. 'WvQQ
Planet
Scales.
The sun la ahtnlng, oh, ao hard,
It's audi a Jolly dny,
And all the little milled flowera
Are calling me to play.
But I must quite forget the sun,
Nor think about the breeae.
And only alt and do my scales, .
All up and down the keya.
I Just pretend my fingers walk
Down pretty polished stHlrs,
To a black hole ao cold and deep.
Quite full of angry bears.
And then "way up to where It's light
My frightened fingers run.
And very soon It s twelve o'clock,
The horrid scales are done.
-"r.rom!'The Bed-Time Book." by Helen
Hay Whitney.
A Good Way To Go.
A certain farmer had an orchard of
very choice apple trees, which was
often visited by youthful raiders, who
were fonder of apples than of honesty.
On one night the farmer, white watch
ing in a secluded spot for some of the
suspected thieves, was astonished to
see proceeding cautiously In the dl
rectlon ot his favorite appletrees the
well-known son of a neighbor.
"Hey, Jack!" cried the farmer In sur
prise; "where are ye goln' to, my lad?'
Jack stopped abruptly, in utter dls
may. Then be turned and started for
the gate. "Going back, sir," be shout
ed. Philadelphia Record.
A Jealous Pigeon.
Willie Karow has a pet pigeon which
is not of the ordinary, common, every
day pigeon, says the Wellington News,
It has taken up with an old hen and
when she goes to the nest to lay the
pigeon goes with her and sets on the
nest till the hen leaves; then it goes
with her. When the hen is setting the
pigeon stays on the nest with her,
and when she gets oft to feed It tries
to cover the eggs until her return,
when It will leave and go out and feed,
only to again return. When the lit
tie chicks hatch the pigeon becomes
jealous of them and tries to kill the
entire brood. Kansas City Journal.
Sparrows.
No other birds are so closely asso
ciated with the early autumn, with the
coming of the golden-rod and the as
ters as are the white-throated spar
rows; and many nature lovers eager
ly watch for the arrival of these fall
songsters from the North. When they
are first Been their only note, a feeble
tseep, tells little of their musical power,
as they seem to have an agreement not
to dash into our presence with a song
but to wait for a week or more after
their arrival before surprising us by
a display of their real ability. Many
kinds of birds are especially sociable
in the autumn, but none is more so
than the white-throated sparrows
Their gentle companionship and plain
tive song seem especially adapted to
the dreamy days of our Indian summer.
St. Nicholas.
The Appetite of a Bird.
The average man, it he had a bird's
appetite, would devour from thirty to
thirty-one pounds of food a day, which
would be a tax on the larder.
Recent experiments have proved
that the average bird manages to eat
about one-fifth of his own weight dally
with ease, if he can get so much food
and in a wild state, though the bird
has to hunt for his dally provender, he
is eating a large part of the time dur
ing the day and manages to get his
full rations.
The smajr the bird, the more vo
racious serims to be its appetite and
its power of absorption.
A German scientist recently kept a
canary under observation for a month,
The little creature weighed only 16
grams, but in the course of the month
it managed to eat 612 grams weight of
tood; that Is, about thirty-two times
its own weight The bird must there
fore have eaten its own weight in
food every day.
An ordinary man with a canary's ap
petite would consume 150 pounds of
food a day.
But the canary Is an extreme case.
The ordinary bird, in good health, will
be satisfied with one-fifth of its weight
a day by way of food. Answers.
Guessing Names of Authors.
Seated around a camn fire the oth
er night during a lull in the conversa
tion, the resourceful woman of the
party, who had been dubbed "the
chink filler," produced these questions
from her reticule and nearly every one
was correctly answered:
1. Whose name means such fiery
things you can't describe the naln and
stings? Burns.
2. What a rough man said to his
neighbor when the meat was tough?
Chaucer.
3. Pilgrims kneel to kiss blm?
Pope.
4. Makes and mends for his custo
mers? Tsylor.
S. Represents the dwellings of civi
lized men? Holmes.
6. To be worn on the head? Hood.
7. Hills that cover a dark treasure?
Coleridge.
8. A' worker in precious metals?
Goldsmith.
9. A vital part of the body? Hart
10. A disagreeable malady affecting
the feet? Bunyan.
11. Meat, what are you doing in the
oven? Browning.
12. The greatest incentive in life?
Hope. j
13. One who will never grow olaf
Charlotte Yonge.
14. An author with a girl's namef
Sue.
16. What an angry person oftea
raises? Calne. Indianapolis News.
In Grade Five.
"It Is too warm In the school room,''
said the pretty new teacher. "Earls,
will you please set the door ajar?"
Earle walked quietly to the door be
hind Miss Spring, while she went oa
explaining multiplication of fractions.
He opened the door a yery little, then
he shook it, shook it as hard as he
could shake a heavy school-room door,
and not make a noise to disturb the
class. Really, all he could do was to
push it back and forth two or three
times. Then he closed It, and walked
back to his seat, rather red in the face,
because he felt sure he had not larreit
it much, not enough to cool the room
at all.
When the lesson was finished, Miss
Spring looked at the door.
"The door has closed Itself," she
said. "Set It ajar again, please, Earle,
and a little more this time."
Very much embarrassed, because he
knew how little he could shake It,
Earle went forward, tried again to
shake the door, gave It up as before,
and went back to sit down, very limp.
In his seat. Nobody laughed, to his
relief, but some of the pupils did look
puzzled. "Why did he not mind?" their
faces seemed to ask. Suddenly Mlsi
Spring began to smile.
'I do not believe Earle knows what
It is to set a door ajar," she said kind
ly. Then Mollle Prescott laughed out
loud. She saw what kind of a Jar
Earle knew about.
Miss Spring shook her bead at Mol
lle, and went on to say, gently:
"Jar Is a strange word, isn't It? Some
times It jneans to shake, sometimes it
means what the cookies are kept in,
you know, and sometimes, when It has
a little a fastened on in front, It means
Ju3t this," and she went to the door,
and opened It a good wide craok.
Gertrude L. Stone, in Sunday School
Times.
How Tommy Jones Helped.
Tommy Jones went to see his Uncle
Samuel in the country; and If you will
believe me It was the first time he
had even been in the real, red-barn
country. He had been to mountains -and
seashore,1 but Tommy did not
think that they counted. Of course
he was very much interested In every
thing and especially in what Uncle
Samuel called his "chores."
Tommy wanted to help, and while
his intentions were often, if not al
ways good, his results were some
times disastrous, as you shall see.
"It seems," said Uncle Samuel, "to
be his nature to do uncommon awfnl
things."
The lawnmower was a great delight
to Tommy. He lived in a flat when at
home and he thought the lawnmower
looked like his mother's parlor sweep
er, and he called it outdoor broom.''
Could he have had his way he would
have leveled all nature and not have
stopped at the front lawn. When be
first saw his uncle cutting grass he
said; "Uncle Sam'l, why don't yon
mow the whole place?"
Son," said his uncle, "I have only
one pair of bands and one lawnmow
er; I can't do more than I kin."
Which was very true, of course, and
it set Tommy thinking.
Next morning, after Uncle Samuel
had gone to the meadow, Tommy
Jones took the lawnmower and made
up bis mind to help his uncle in a fine
and splendid way. It was very quiet;
every one seemed gone to some dis
tant spot, and Tommy and the lawn-
mower had things to themselves.
Tommy fixed his eagle eye upon the
landscape and finally it rested upon
the vegetable garden, and the promis
ing rows ot young and aspiring eat
ables. "Here Is work," said Tommy Jones,
and he was right He would mow
the garden for Uncle Samuel and help
him best he could. It was no easy
matter, as you can readily see. Tom
my almost wept from exhaustion and
the beads of honest perspiration fell
from his brow. For two hours he
pushed and hauled, uprooting and
crushing down as hopeful a lot of
garden truck as a thrifty farmer could
wish to see. After he was through,
the place looked like one of earth's
battlefields with the slain painfully
mangled. There was only one thing
to be said, everything was down
but Tommy, and he was down in his
spirits.
Then the people came back, and
Uncle Samuel, in horrified silence.
viewed the morning's efforts of his
young guest. Many of the family said
things calculated to hurt the feelings
of an honest boy's heart and Tommy
drooped terribly. Then Uncle Samuel
came to the fore In a remarkable and
manly manner.
"Never mind, son," he soothed,
vegetables don't count against brains
and an honest heart Ton meant to
help and you've worked mighty hard
doing it and I was once a boy my
self, and somehow I hoven't remem
bered It as clearly for years as I do
today. Why, once " but there he
stopped In time for Tommy had such
an interested look on his face that
It frightened Uncle SsimueL Wash
ington Star.