Commissioners' Statement
AUDITORS' REPORT
-OF THE-
-OP THE-
III HI JIIH
Finances of Jefferson County
For the Year 1008.
For the
Amount Outstanding:
Districts.
JW1'nlk
1902-Polk
lMMHnrnett
1MM Brock wsyvlllr
Collector.
A. I Lockwood .
A. L. Lockwood ,
W. A. Wallace.
C. L. Felt
Amount Outstand
.Districts.
Bnrnott
Collector. County Poor Bond State Dor
W. A. Wallace.... 04 36 95 135 Mi S17 1 9 fO
Jw. D. McHenry ... 126 18 21 66 21 66 9 43 6 50
!C. U Felt 315 66 19 64 19 64 11 65 6 79
'John H. Shlck ... 612 35 133 77 133 77 144 86 31 42
James Iickard .... 77 65 12 79 . 12 79 4 09 6 64
N. A. McLatiRhlln. 241 99 55 49 66 49 27 79 4 95
John B. Cable 4!9 65 15S 06 15s 06 139 66 37 95
ijohn Pnlne 173 64 29 29 29 29 3 30 9 35
'Frank Walters .... 46 40 24 50 24 50 9 01 24 75
I A. U Lockwood ... 202 07 24 96 24 M 14 08 , 12 65
I. M. Swart 411 62 123 79 123 79 40 07 16 50
C. W. Ditty 144 94 24 89 24 X9 18 28 4 24
!J. C. Morrison .... 8 43 8 58 3 58 4 45 6 05
Amos Strouse 53 92 36 37 36 37 40 41 23 21
Per cent on $2904 63 $704 74 $704 SO $4R4 24 199 90
Per cent off 2640 47 640 67 640 81 440 21 181 72
Amount Outstand
Districts.
Barnett
Beaver
Bell
Big Run
Brockwayville ...
Brookvllle
Clayvllle
Clover
Corsica
Eldred
Falls Creek
Oasklll
Heath
Henderson
Knox
McCalmont
Oliver
Perry
Pine creek
Polk
Porter
Punxsutawney ..,
ReynoldsvllJe ....
Ringgold.
Rose
Bnydor
Summervllle
Union
Warsaw
Washington
W. Rcynoldsville
Wlnslow
Worthvllle
Young
Collector.
W. A. Wallace....
A. F. Reltr.
A. J. Orafflns
A. O. Anderson ..
(J. W. Nelson
K. O. Heasly
James Lqekard ....
J. D. Hetrlck
J. T. Luther
Wm. M. Wilson ..
D. C. Smith
5eo. A. Kellar ....
Martin Dlsoue ....
J. W. Haag
O. C. Stuart
Swan J. Krlckson..
J. A. Uelst
8. L. Stewart
John Hatton
A. L. Lockwood ...
tas. Miller
H. H. McHenry ...
Wm. Conning
S. G. Falk
A. S. Klouse
C. M. Prlmfle
O. 8. Wampler ...
tt. c Aaron
R. W. Wells
r. J. Sterrett
W. B. Stauffer ....
Amos Strouse
Norman Geist
F. C. Haag
Per cent on ! $201
Per cent ofi 183
Receipts ai)d Expenditures for 1906.
RECEIPTS.
Am't in treasury at last settle
ment $9,297 51
Outstanding tax 19)4 and pre
vious 1,389 67
Outstanding tax 1905 and 1906.. 90,874 39
Seated Hen record 418 69
Unseated tnx Hen record 3,578 24
Interest tax Hen record 54 C9
Hotel licenses 1,035 00
Redemptions received 647 SO
Commonwealth costs and fines.. 4,648 28
Returned taxes 94 lb
Rent 50 00
8-4 State personal tax returned 6,3!5 84
Jury fej 20 00
' Miscellaneous receipts 226 83
' - , $118,730 60
EXPENDITURES.
Assessors' bills , $4,161 97
Auditors' pay 265 SO
Auiiting Registers' and Pro-
thonolarys' Aces 60 00
Allegheny county workhouse .... 1,072 71
Blank bonks and staioneiy for
all county offices 1,025 79
Bar Association 1-2 Com. flnerf 605 00
1 BaL due on state bridge I,4!i9 66
Bridges and bridge repairs 10,126 63
Ballots February election 254 80
Ballots November election 180 00
Burial Indigent soldiers 617 00
Bal. due sheriff settlement 1905 207 70
Bal. due Corn's scttlemen 1905.. 218 00
Bonds redeemed 2,000 00
County Superintendent 200 00
Commissioners' Attorney 250 00
Court Crier 288 00
Clothing for prisoners 44 90
Constables' returns ..k 479 7b
Care of clock 50 00
Commissioners' pay
, .Kelley bal. drawn on poor r-
der 800 00
Bnrr '. 1,200 00
McGaw bal. drawn on poor or-
dor 800 00
Couiwns redeemed 72 00
Commonwealth bills! 7,665 10
Commissioners' clerk 1,000 Ou
Cleaning street t 43 60
Discharge cases and inquests.. 8:'6 09
District attorney 979 Ou
Delivering bullets 41 67
Disinfectant 27 fO
Directors' association 74 00
Express 9 15
Election bills Februnry 1,769 88
Election bills November 1,9 07
Fuel and light 1,357 24
Freight and hauling $73
Furniture for court house and
Jail 920 60
Fire wardens' bills 311 80
Headstones for soldiers 90 00
Insurnnce 136 01
Interest pnid 939 44
Interpreters' fees 269 10
. Jurors, Grnnd 1.080 60
Jurors, Petit 8,791 64
Jurors, Traverse 1,405 88
Janitor's pay 480 00
Jury commissioners' pay 127 30
Jail physician 100 00
Livery hire 87 00
Medicine for prisoners 62 20
Meals for Jurors 3S3 45
Penitentiary hills 1,375 60
Prothonotury's bills 874 70
Postage and box rent 160 72
Probates and fees 77 00
Printing hills 1,892 08
Reform Schools
Morganza 463 66
Huntingdon 246 74
Repairs to court house and Jail. 646 01
Register and Recorder 128 86
Repairing prisoners shoes 18 30
Rent 100 00
Road and bridge views 698 00
. Runt for telephones 276 40
Redemptions pnid 6)4 99
Refunding orders 63 81
Stenographer's pay 874 70
Supplies w bl
Sheriff's bills 8.786 61
State tax 7 8,527 12
Btate report BO 00
Transcribing records 230 00
Telephone and telegraph mes-
' sages 23 46
Temporary loan 25,000 00
Talesmen 42 00
Jllpstaves 443 80
Traveling expenses and mileage 73 64
Treasurer's deeds .. 129 38
Water 324 00
Treasurer's per cent receiving
. $U,432i69 1,367.91
Treasurer's per cent paying out
$i,457.14 1.M9.14
Balance In treasury 15,916 31
118,730 60
General Statement.
ABSETS.
County tax outstanding 1906 and
prtwloua $3,983 80
County tux outstai.ilng 1906 18,356 26
Stale, outstanding 1906 917 78
Unseated tax outstanding 1.496 00
Cash in treasury 1E.91S 31
$41,668 14
LIABILITIES.
Balance due on contracts $ft.v50 CO
"Am't due poor bulldnlg fund .. W.000 09
Assets ver liabilities 17.711 14
$41, HI 14
Year 1906.
11)0-4 and Previous.
County
J 1 BS
14 61
175 23
Poor
USD
9 98
87 CO
Bond
t 2 52
7 13
41 07
State
I 5 39
10 78
Dor
t 9 00
. 8 so
19 00
Ing for 1905.
ing for 1906.
County
$197 15
67 84
715 80
179 27
618 12
918 09
6X6 33
200 31
917 72
698 55
147 28
86 95
432 87
345 00
7 15
216 75
3S6 55
616 98
231 23
343 84
2133 40
1845 09
3S9 12
1149 78
69 04
96 64
191 68
1133 73
8'19 96
lf,6 90
1794 m
26 29
1275 42
Poor Poor BUlg State
$49 64 $16 76 $21 42
58 92 31 28 6 95
m 44 61 53 8 31
32 10 2t 95 2 33
156 31 53 88 40 34
2C8 70 79 43 67 77
172 93 59 37 14 71
67 46 ii 00 23 00
Dog
8 SO"
22 00
22 06
9 1)0
86 E0
12 65
23 66
3 20
31 90
20 42
29 55
8 25
22 61
61 60
132 44
24 75
24 20
37 40
8 80
JO 78
. 40 16
61 15
22 00
48 40
40 8
2 75
9 13
34 10
69 9?
13 CO
312 10
1 65
72 60
230 27
13 28
10 21
24 83
108 64
IIS 94
194 81
69 18
126 67
127 99
67 98
87 39
812 69
520 15
157 90
291 39
126 59
24 69
48 08
23 89
219 84
26 73
818 93
9 S
327 50
78 61
75 35
1.0 81
8 67
37 76
56 30
68 16
24 20
28 92
43 90
19 74
11 49
276 07
178 12
53 61
98 23
43 97
8 38
16 63
97 71
76 43
9 17
279 40
3 16
119 49
12 43
35 43
6 93
62
51 12
11 43
49 73
5 71
8 01
8 06
9 40
3 28
242 17
135 36
8 84
38 64
8 01
6 62
18
47 81
32 86
1 t
95 96
2 64
2 79
90 78
55 26
$6031 04 $2W5 43 $1009 56
6482 76 im 84 917 78
$1260 69
1146 08
Receipts and Expenditures for 1906.
Poor Fund.
RECEIPTS.
Am't In treasury last settlement $3,323 01
Outstanding taxes 1904 and pre
vious 521 33
Outstanding taxes, 1IXS and? 1906 22,218 42
Seated tax, lien record 167 70
Unseated tax, lien record 63 95
Interest tax, Hen record 21 Hi
Am't ree'd cure of inmates 2.066 52
State aid 3,413 35
Farm products 142 68
Burial expenses 150 00
Miscellaneous 36 73
$12,745 54
EXPENDITURES.
Blackfmlthing $ 43 CO
Bal.. due Daniel B. Smith estate 357 71
Certificates of Insanity 103 50
Cattle amt hogs 199 26
Caskets and trimmings 261 50
Commissioners' pay
J. N. Kelly 400 00
E. T. McGaw 400 00
J. 8. Harr ($400 Co. Order)
Commissioners' attorney 250 00
Coupons redeemed 2,776 00
Disinfectant 6 25
Drugs 146 25
Express, postage and tele, bills 25 4S
Engine and floor oil 62 32
Freight and hauling 61 12
Feed 128 05
Fertilizer and lime 408 29
Fuel and light 757 62
Groceries and provisions 3,104 66
Hospltnl bills
Warren 3.011 25
Dlxmont 3fi5 Oo
Polk 284 30
Wernersvllle 104 19
Passavant Memorial " 104 00
Insurance j;w t0
Livery hire 45 00
Machinery 114 40
Outside relief 1,700 62
Orders of relief 28 00
Plnecreek school district 17 88
Rent of McAninch farm 112 5')
Plumbing and repairs 547 27
Shoes and clothing 872 06
Supplies 321 69
Seeds and! plants 91 DO
Salaries
S. M. Shields mi 00
Myrtle Shields 200 fO
Dr. Balmer 150 00
Dr. Thompson 150 Ou
Mervln Hnugh 380 00
T homas Hetrlck 80) 00
Wages 868 69
Traveling expenses, transporting,
etc t 344 61
Tress, per cent receiving $29,-
422.53 367 78
Treas. per cent paying out $20,-
6.13.94 410 68
Bal. in treasury 11,433 14
$32,745 64
General Statement.
ASSETS.
Poor tax outstanding for 1905
and previous $ 741 51
Poor tax outstanding for 1906.... 6.4S2 78
Bldg. tax outstanding for 1906.. 1,895 84
Unseated tax outstanding 832 00
Amount due building fund from
county 20.000 00
Cash In treasury 11.433 14
Liabilities over assets 69.614 76
$100,000 00
LIABILITIES.
Poor bonds. Issue 1900, payable
1910 $75,000 00
Poor bonds, Issue 1901, payable
1907 25,000 00
$108,000 00
Inventory of Produce and Stock Rais
ed on Farm
Bushels of oats 943, bushels of rye 192,
bushels of corn l.l'O. bushels of potatoes
900, bushels of buckwheat 6S0, tons of en
silage 75. tons of straw 20, tons of hay
75, bundles of fodder 1,600. pounds of
pork 3.224, pounds of beef 3.762, heads of
cabbage 1,500, bushels of beets 40, bush
els of onions 10, bushels of onion
sets 2, of beans 10, bushels of
parsnips 40, bushels of tomatoes
10. burrels of pickets 3, bushels
of peas 6, bushels of carrots 10, bushels
of sweet corn 26, bushels of rutabagas 20,
bunches of celery 2,000. heads of lettuce
1.800, bushels of cucumbers 12, barrels of
kraut 6, bushe si turnips 10, gallons of
apple butter 106, barrels of elder 10,
bushels of apples 100, dozens of eggs 672.
Live stock on farm January 1st, 1907.
Five horses. 1 bull, 16 cows, 4 young cat
tle, 10 yearling calves, t hogs, 13 ahoats,
200 chickens.
JEFFERSON COUNTY, SS:
Pursuunt to law, we the undersigned
Commissioners of Jefferson county, pub
lish the foregoing statement of the re
ceipts and expenditures of said county
for the year 1906, and also present the
assets and liabilities of the county on
the 1st day of January, 1907.
Witness our hands and seals of office
this 1st day of February. 1907.
J. N. KELLY, (Seal.)
J. B. BARR, (Seal.)
E. T. McGAW, 1 (Seal.)
Commissioners.
Attest:
A. . GALERAITH, Car.
Treasurer's Account.
IRA J. CAMPBELL, Trensurcr, In ac
count with Jefferson County for the
year ending December 31st, 1900.
COUNTY FUNDS.
DR.
To am't In treasury at last set
tlement $ 9,297 61
To am't of county tax of 1906.. 80.034 93
To am't of state tnx for 1906.... ' 8.546 66
To am't outstanding tax of 1905 27,313 84
To am t received on taxes of
1904 and previous 1,389 67
To am't of personal tax returned
by State s 6,395 34
To am t received from hotel li
cense 1,035 00
To am t from Commissioners
receipt book 6,039 27
To am't of redemptions received 647 90
To am t of unseated tax for
1904 and J905 received $,678 24
To am't of Interest received on
unsented tnx 64 69
To ain't of seated tax 418 69
$143,751 64
CR.
By county orders re
deemed $01,965 73
By refunding orders re
deemed 63 81
By exoneration orders
redeemed 1,862 64
By return orders re
deemed 162 88
By county bonds re
deemed 2,000 00
By coupons redeemed .. 72 00
By interest paid on tem
porary loans 939 44
By tempornry loans paid 25,000 00
ay amount paid direc
tors association
By amount paid County
Superintendent
By amount paid State
74 00
200 00
Treasurer on personal
tax 8,527 12
By amount of redemp
tions paid 614 99
By tax of 1906 outstand
ing 19,273 03
By tax of 1906 outstand
ing 3,721 49
By Treasurer's percent
age for receiving $109,
S2.99 1,307 91
By Ttensurer's percent
age for paying out
$99,457.14 1,981 14
By bal. In treasury 15,916 31
1 1143,731 64
POOR FUND.
DR.
To am't In treasury at last set
tlement $ 3,323 01
To am't of poor tnx for 1306 20,024 73
To am't of bond tax for 1900 6.6S9 36
To am't outstanding tax of 1905 . 3,844 S2
T'o nm't received on taxes of
1904 and previous 621 83
To am't of state aid received.... 3,413 3a
To am't received for maintenance
of inmates nt county home..., 2,066 62
To Items from Commissioners re
ceipt book 329 41
T'o unsented tax for 1904 and 1905
received 6S3 95
To interest on unseated tax re
ceived 21 85"
To seated tax received 167 70
$11,086 02
CR.
By am't orders redeem
ed' $17,757 94
By am't of coupons re
deem 2,776 00
By exoneration orders' re
deem d 2:6 61
By return orders redeem
ed 45 60
By poor and bond tax of
1906 outstanding 7,378 60
By poor tax of 1905 out
standing 640 67
By Treasurer's percent
age for receiving $29,422.
M 367 78
By Treasurer's percent
age paying out $20,533.
94 410 63
By bal. in treasury 11,433 14
$11,086 02
SHEEP FUNDS.
DR.
To am't In treasury last settle
ment f200 00
To am't of dog tnx for 1906 1,79 50
To outstanding dog tnx of 1905.. 1,100 2tf
To am't received on lax of 1901
and previous 166 90"
$3,303 72
rn.
By am't of sheep orders
redeemed $ 532 25
By exoneration orders re
deemed 211 19
By refunding orders re
deemed 2 00
By outstanding tfog tax of
1905 and 1!WX 1,327 80
By am't paid school dis
tricts 930 61
By Treasurer's percent
age for receiving $1.5 4 73 19 57
By Treasurer's percent
age for paying out $1,
514.86 30 30
By reserve fund in treas.. 2oj 00
-$3,303 Ti
Sheriffs Accounts,
J. W. CURRY, ex-Sheriff.
DR.
To am't of orders drawn $207 70
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JEFFERSON COUNTY. 89:
We, the undersigned Auditors of Jefferson county. In the state of Pennsylvania,
do certify that in pursuance of the 4th section of an Aot entitled "An Act relat
ing to counties, townships, etc., passed the 15th day of April. A. D. 1MU." we met
In the Commissioners' office in the borouirh of Brookvllle, Pa., on the first Monday
of January, A. D. 1007. it being the seventh day of said month, and did audit,
adjust and settle the several accounts reiulred of ius by law, agreeably to the
several acts of Assembly and supplements thereto, according to the best of our
judgment and abllily, and find them as set forth in the above report.
In witness whereof we have hereunto t our bands and seals at the office
aturesaia this lib day of February, A. D. UW7.
THOMAS B. ADAMS, (Ileal.)
' . H. MMAhL (Seal.)
JOltN Id .CAIIR. (Seal )
By nm't due nt Inst settlement ..$207 70
uhaini HLimAf wuuKLU, bnerm.
1 1 1 j
To am't of orders drawn $3,786 61
To am't due sheriff 210 20
$3,996 81
L'K.
By boarding prisoners 632S
days at 60 cents per day$2,912 60
By 130 commitments 65 00
By 100 discharges 60 00
uy removing prisoners to
penitentiary and work
house 642 55
By am't paid for guarding
Jnll 1 00
By drawing and summoning
Jurors i 162 80
By fees for attending court
44 dnys 132 00
By court and election proc
lamations 11 00
cy extra care lor Cora
Maize
By gas for hospital
By capturing escaped in
mate of County Home...
By blank books and sup
plies i
By fees on fines and costs
16 00
2 60.
SCO
8 90
collected 74 46
$3,996 81
County Superintendent's Account
Prof. R. B. TEITRICK, County Superin-
tenueni.
CR.
By am't of vouchers Hied $200 00
OK.
To cash received from Co. Treas
urer $200 09
Commissioners' Accounts.
NEWTON WEBSTER, ex-Commlssloner,
CR.
By am't due at last settlement $95 00
in)
T'o am't of orders drawn J9S 00
HARVEY D. HAUGH, ex-Commlssloner.
OR.
By am't due at Inst sttltment $66 00
To am't of orders drawn $65 00
al. hawk., ex-Commlssloner.
CR.
By am't dua at Inst settlement $58 00
OK.
To am't of orders drawn $58 00
JOHN a. BAKU. Commissioner,
CR.
Bv one year's salarv as Commis
sioner and Poor Ulrector $1,200 00
To. am't of orders drawn $1,200 00
j. jm. ivl.ijt commissioner.
CR.
By one year's salary ns Commis
sioner and Poor I!-ector $1,200 CO
To am't of orders grnwn $1,200 CO
a. X. mcuaw, (commissioner.
CR.
By one year's salary ns Commis
sioner unu Poor Director $1,200 CO
To am t of orders drawn $1,200 00
Commissioners' Clerk's Accounts.
A. E. GALIinAlTH, Clerk.
CR.
By one year's salnry $1,000 00
UK.
To am't of orders drawn $1,000 00
Steward's Account,
S. M.
Home.
SHIELDS, Steward of County
CR.
By one year's salnrv
DIt.
,.JS00 00
T'o am't of orders drawn
.jsoooo
Matron's Account.
MISS MYRTLE SHIELDS, Matron of
county Home.
CR.
By one year's sn ry $200 00
DR.
To am't of orders drawn 1:00 00
Janitor's Account.
GEO. H. GROVE, Janitor.
CR.
By one year's salnrv $480 00
DR.
To am't of orders drawn $480 00
County Home Physicians' Account.
DR. A. F. BALMER, Physician.
CR.
By six months' s-'liry $150 00
Dll.
T'o am't of orders drnwn $150 00
DR. H. P. THOMPSON, Physician.
CR.
By six months' sa'Hry $150 00
DR.
To am't of orders drawn $150 00
Jail Physicians' Accounts.
DR. R. S. HUNT .Physician.
CR. ,
By six months' salary as Jail Phy
sician $50 0
DR.
To nm't of orders drawn $50 00
DR. W. W. MATSON, Physician.
. CR.
By six months' salary as Jail Phy
sician $50 04
DR.
To am't of orders drawn $50 00
County Solicitor's Account.
A. B. STEWART, Solicitor.
CR.
By one year's salnry $500 00
DR.
To nm't of orders drawn $500 00
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Good Movement Essential.
An open, smooth, frictlonless trotting
gait . Is just as essential as blood in
heritance to the Buccess of any stal
Hon as a sire of uniform trotting speed.
Some of the beat bred trotting stallions
have prove disappointments as sires
even after having taken records in
standard time, because they were
rough galted, ran behind or labored in
their action. Some fifteen years ago an
exceedingly well bred stallion was glv
en a time record at Mystic park. His
gait was so faulty that several horse
men remarked that notwithstanding
his choice breeding, they would not
accept the gift of his services. This
stallion was given exceptionally good
opportunities, but though upwards of
20 years old, he is credited with only
three that have made standard rec
ords. Horse Breeder.
More About Milking Machines.
One of our exchanges Jn referring to
this machine says, as the Farmer has
before stated that it Is a mechanical
Imitation of hand milking and requires
very little power. Cows take kindly to
It and let down thotr milk freely, and
there Is no need for hand stripping,
as it milks clean. A most important
consideration Is that it insures abso
lute cleanliness In the milk. The. milk
passes through no tubes, goes direct
from the cow Into the bucket. One
man or boy can attend to four ma
chines and can milk from four to five
cows In twenty minutes or about fif
teen cows per hour, as many as eigh
teen cows per hour having been suc
cessfully handled. These mechanical
methods will be a great boon to dairy
men, not merely on the ground of cost
but also because they will add greatly
to the purity of the milk.
Value of Sklmmllk for Laying Kens.
The Department of Agriculture has
received a report from the West. Vir
ginia Experiment Station of a test
made to determine the value of sklm
mllk as against water for wetting a
feed mash.
In the first test, which covered 122
days, twenty-two hens fed sklmmllk
laid 1244 eggs, as compared with 996
eggs laid by the twenty-two hens fed
mash wet with water.
In the first period of the second test.
sixty hens fed the sklmmllk ration laid
8C2 eggs in thirty-seven days, as com
pared with C32 eggs laid by a similar
lot fed no sklmmllk. In the second
period the rations were reserved. The
chickens fed sklmmllk laid 1220 eggs in
fifty-six days, as compared with 978 in
the case of the let fed no sklmmllk.
In both experiments more eggs were
produced when sklmmllk was sub
stituted for water for moistening the
mash. Under the conditions prevail
ing In these experiments and with eggs
selling at twenty or twenty-five cents
per dozen, the sklmmllk used for
moistening the mash had a feeding
value of from 1 1-2 to two cents per
quart. In these trials 802 quarts of
sklmmllk were fed, resulting In an in
crease In the egg production of 702
eggs.
Some -Points About Alfalfa.
"It Is remarkable how people have
to be educated to the use of alfalfa,"
remarked a hay dealer who has a large
retail business. "Dairymen have to
have it constantly argued to them be
fore they got on to Its great value.
Mulemcn took to it more readily be
cause the mule Is supposed to be able
to stand anything, but the horseman
has refused to feed it to any consider
able extent This is due to the falla
cious Idea that alfalfa would unduly
stimulate the digestive organs, the
same as green clover. This Is not true.
however. Of course, you must feed It
moderately until the horse gets used
to it; then there is no difference be
tween it and the proper kinds of hay,
except that it produces more flesh and
brightens the coat and makes it
glossy."
The Department of Agriculture has
ben searching the world over for hardy
alfalfa seed for the extreme north, and
on the wind-swept plains of Siberia,
far to the north, where the thermome
ter often stands 40 degrees below zero,
and where there Is little rainfall and
little snow. Professor N. H. Hansen
has discovered a vrrlctv nf pI'M'" 1
varietle3 cf clover which Secretary WIL
son believes will Le of greut taiue r
the dry land areas of the West. The
alfalfa Is extremely hardy and bear3
a yellow flower.
Cows Hold up the Farm.
Notwithstanding what has been said
about the value of the legumes, one
should not be led to believe for a mo
ment that all of the nitrogen which
they contain Is gathered from the air
and hence li pure gain.
The fact is that the richer the farm
and (he greater the amount t stable
manure and nitrogenous chemical man
ures applied, the less will be the net
gain by way of the atmospheric nitro
gen acquired. It has, for example,
been abundantly demonstrated that the
legumes In the presence of ao ample
upply of eadly assimilable nitrogen
from tho atmoechere. On this account
the Importance of the legumes on a
well managed farm is probably less as
a gatherer of nitrogen than as a soil
Improver and a saver of grain bills
points which apparently In the last ten
years have been given relatively llttls
attention.
That wise old teacher, Prof. Levi
Stockbrldge, lost no opportunity to Im
press upon his students the fact that
the cow should be made to pay a profit
regardless of the manure, and that the
farmer who kept cows merely as man
ure producing machines might justly;
be anxious about his balance sheet.
The ideal condition of New England
agriculture would be one under which
the need of commercial fertilizers
might be eliminated by the develop
ment of a profitable line cf animal
husbandry, which should make the
farm practically self-sustaining. This
condition Is, perhaps, . most nearly
reached when butter and swine con
stitute the chief marketable products
of the farm. Egg, milk and grass
farms, for example, are continually
parting with large quantities of plant
food. Dr. H. J. Wheeler, Washington
County, It. I.
Winter Treatment.
A correspondent of the Rural Maga
zine gives some excellent advice on tha
winter care of fowls. We made an
extract from his article:
. "The warmer the house, the more
necessary It Is that there be no cold
drafts; for fowls that are accustomed
to and kept in a warm temperature,
catch cold more"easIly than fowls that
have become hardened to a rather low
temperature. Knot holes and cracks
cause drafts; drafts usually cause
colds; colds frequently develop into
roup; and every one who has ever had
experience at all with roup, knows
what' a dread disease it Is. Once it
gets hold of a flock' of poultry it is
next to Impossible to eradicate the dis
ease without sacrificing the greater
part of the flock.
If your house contains earthen floors
(and we have found them to be above
par as compared with other kinds),
all the dropping and filth and two or
three inches of the old dirt should be
removed. Allow a few days for the
dirt then expeued to the air to become
thoroughly dry, and then bring in
enough fresh soil or sand and gravel,
to raise the floor of the house up to
the height of at least six Inches more
than that of the surrounding earth on
the outside.
Before cold weather sets in perma
nently, put not less than twelve to
fourteen Inches of good dry litter ol
some kind all over the floor of the exer
cising apartment. This may seem like
a rather large quantity of material to
some, but a few handfuls do not make
a litter by any means, and it is im
possible to have too much litter on
the floor. The fowls like to hunt and
scratch In this material, especially If
it is replaced with fresh quite fre
quently; and by scattering all their
grain feed in It, little difficulty should
be experienced in keeping the fowls
exercising and busy during the winter."
Farm Notes.
Tire eggs from mature hens hatch
the best chickens.
If you have a good orchard and your
buildings burn, you will rebuild.
ftoion Chase.
In no other of our farm Industries
are the returns so sure as those which
the dairy offers.
Choose your animals for the purpose
you wish them, milk or butter, a whole
sale or a retail market
It Is through upgrading of our com
mon stock that we can hope to enhance
the value and usefulness of our herds.
Turpentine is prescribed for cholera
for chickens, both young and old. It
may be put In the feed and water
troughs.
Never let pigs or any other animal
shift for themselves while young, and
think you can make up for such neglect
at the end.
Make the bens scratch In clean litter
for every kernel they get They need
the exercise, they will not eat so fast
and stuff full, then go and loaf.
If you are troubled with hens eating
eggs, place five or six artificial eggs
In the nest. That will cure them.
They get tired picking at them.
Eating dusty hay is a prominent
cause of a cough which may develop
into heaves. Such a horse should be
fed on cut hay dampened with water
and mixed with the grain feed.
Remember there will be no advance
ment, no upgrading, unless you have
secured the best-bred, mmt prepotent
animal at the head of your herd that
is obtainable. Improvement only
comes through the superior qualities
of the males used.
Brood mares that have a few hours'
run each day during the winter In an
open paddock or yard will do bettei
If not blanketed In stable than marei '
which wear blankets in the stable, but
have their blankets removed when
turned Into the yard or paddock. Th
majority of the latter are liable to b
more or less afflicted with a cough oi
catarrhal old. Boston Cultivator.