fMeresTflffW
Women' Clubs.
The advancement of women's clubs
has often been discussed, and an edi
torial recently In the- Federation Htil
letln Bays the following:
"The women's clubs have been
studying American social problems
for years, and there Is no part of the
body politic, which they have neglect
ed. Doubtless they supposed they
were casting their bread upon the wa
ters, as most reformers do, without
worrying too much about the return.
But their wildest dream could not have'
anticipated such results as are now
coming back to them. The attention
which the clubs have recently attract
ed, both in attack and defence, has led
naturally to the subjects which they
were discussing until at last the sum
total of Interest in our doings Is al
most beyond belief. As Mr. needier
once said of another kind of success,
we have set the tide to moving, aud
now we need only stand upon the
shore and see the waves come In.
When the great dally papers all over
the land began to be our champions
and allies, as many of them have done
during this particular year of grace, it
was only natural that the magazines
should begin to fall In Hue. And all
of them have discovered that it is
really a serious movement aud one
worthy of attention. None the less
is this true because, as the Baltimore
'American has remarked, we have been
pursuing the even tenor of our ways
without paying much atentlon to
slanders or abuse. It would seem as
though the day of slander and abuse
Is about over for us, at least so far
as concerns any source which Is
worth considering."
The Home.
Married people would be happier,
says the Boston Gazette:
If home trials were never told to
the neighbors.
If they kissed and made up after
every quarrel.
If household expenses were propor
tioned to receipts.
If they tried to be as agreeable as
in courtship days.
If each would try aud be a support
and comfort to the other.
If each remembered the other was
a human being, not an angel.
If women were aa kind to their hus
bands as they were to their lovers.
If fuel and provisions were laid iu
during the Ugh tide of summer work.
It both parties remembered that
they married1 for worse as well as bet
ter. It men were as thoughtful for their
wives as they were for their sweet
hearts. If there were fewer silk and velvet
costumes for the street, and more
plain, tidy house dresses.
If there were fewer "please, darl
ings," in public, and more polite man
ners in private.
If wires and husbands would take
some pleasure as they go along, and
not degenerate Into mere tolling ma
chines. Recreation is necessary to
keep the heart In Its place, .and to get
along without it is a big mistake.
If men. would remember that wom
en can't always be smiling, who have
to cook the dinner, answer the bell
half a dozen times, and get Tld of n
neighbor who has dropped in, tend to
s a sick baby, tie up the cut linger of a
two-year-old, gather up the playthings
of a four-year-old, tie up the head of
a six-year-old on skates, and get an
' eight-year-old ready for school, to say
nothing of sweeping, cleaning, etc. A
woman with all these to contend with
may claim It a privilege to look and
feel a little tired sometimes, and n
word of sympathy would not be too
much to expect from the man who,
during the honeymoon, wouldn't let
her carry as much as a sunshade.
Walking Up and Down Stairs.
Do you know how to go up and
downstairs properly? If you do you
hare at your command one of the
best exercises in the world. But if
you don't know the 'art, stair climbing
' is oce of the worst exercises.
Going upstairs is like riding a
wheel. It is fun if you know how, and
- In practice, and if the going is good.
Walking upstairs is something few
people do gracefully. In the first
place, it requires a knowledge of the
art of breathing properly. Then oue
muBt learn to manage ono's skirts skil
fully. How many women have stepped on
the front of their dresses going up
stairs? How many women can couut
the number of times they have
walked up the front breadths of their
gowns? How many women have torn
skirts and flounces and ruined em
broideries and fringes? How many
have fallen upstairs?
Tour dress must be lifted out of
your way, and lifted gracefully, and
this requires deep thought and much
practice. Bach skirt is a law unto
itself, and you must learn a library of
laws, one for each gown.
The wide accordion plaited skirt
ft I
and the voluminous Dolly Varden re
quire the services of both hands. One
hand should lift the back of the dress;
the other must raise the front. Long
evening dresses can generally be
lifted with oue baud, but it requires
some skill. The skirt should be
clinched right lu the middle of the
front, and the hand should acquire
the trick of taking in the whole front
of the sltirt In a sort of double hand
ful. With a quick motion you grab
the front breadth Iu two different
places and lift. You can now take a
step upward without walking on your
skirt.
Walking upstairs Is splendid prac
tice for tho physical culture woman,
but she must learn its tricks.
On this point a physical culturist
said:
'i consider stair climbing the best
exercise in the world, and It Is one of
the few forms of exercise which can
be taken bv the domestic woman with
out Implements and without going out
of doors.
"She who Is going to walk upstairs,
either for exercise or for grace, must
learn six things:
First, she must learn how to manage
her skirts; the skirts play .a very
Important role. I'nless she can lift
her skirts and keep them out of her
way, she run not walk up comfortably.
"The second thing is that of posl-
(Ion. Few wonuii like to climb stairs.
and most women actually dread It.
And the reason Is not on account of
the exertion, but on account of the
posit iou.
"When a woman goes upstairs she
bends double. Slip literally climbs;
she never walks up.
"Most women are too 'tightly
gowned to walk upstairs. We have
a little flight of stairs but Just for that
purpose, and it is part of the curricu
lum to go upstairs for ten minutes a
day.
"The pupil is made to mount and
remount, and while she goes up she
holds her dress in one hand and n fan
in the other, or a spray of flowers, or
something simple ami pretty. This Is
to teach her grace and to give her a
hint on how to perform this very sim
ple feat acceptably.
"There are rule3 for stair climbing.
Don't go up as though you were try-
lug to drag a ton of lead up a hill.
Uo up us though you liked It.
"Practice walking with the knees,
upon a level surface. Lift your feet
high. Now transfer your operations
to a stalrcuse ami walk uptuirs the
same way. You will find that It does
you a world of good, this stair climb
ing exorcise.
'There are doctors who advise their
patients to climb stairs for the sake
of health. The rule is to climb six
flights of stairs twice a day. once in
the morning and once in the after
noon. "Don't try to climb at night when
you are tired. You are not equal to
It, but take Hie stairs during your
springy hours.
"Slalr climbing develops precisely
the same muscles as bicycle riding.
It calclies you in the calf of the leg.
in the knee and lu the hips. You
should keep on until all of these mus
cles respond willingly. Then you will
climb easily.
"In gvmnasium work we let our pu
pils mount a little staircase. Then
we It't them climb off and on a
block. Then we put them through a
series of stunts, such as climbing a
wheel and getting up a II 1 tie Iron lad
der. .
"Going up stairs Is excellent exer
cise. It is good for your lungs and
good for your muscles. And, If you
want to become lithe and strong, go
up stairs frequently." Kansas City
Journal.
Fashion Notes.
Taffetas are much used with these
fabrics and lend juttt the distinction
that is needed.
The empire styles are the best of the
season and some of the smartest
and finest of the empire models can
be seen in the Imported autombile
coats.
All Empire cloaks should be fast
ened with a very high belt of a color
that contrasts slightly with the coat
and matches the princess gown under
neath. With the Empire cloak, whether an
auto cloak or a walking clonk, there
must be worn the tight fitting prin
cess dress, which fits the figure and
docs not make the waist look too big.
The automobile sleeve is the fash
ionable sleeve for the winter, being
full, beautifully gathered at the shoul
der and so arranged that It fits into
the cut. making a handsome finish for
the hand.
There is a desire to get hold of
hand woven materials, cashmeres and
camel's-halr, which are still made by
the Arabs in Persia and India, and
which no machine has ever successful
ly Imitated as to artistic variety and
richness.
' - i r f HIH J.
WW;
Save Tea Leaves.
Save tea leaves for washing var
nished paint. When sufficient leaves
have been collected sleep them for hall
an hour In a tin vessel and then strain
through a sieve. This water gives a
fresher, newer appeurance to varnished
wood thaii ordinary soap and water.
haltdhilips7oi.-?JjKiu'losetl etalontaoln
Removing Mildew.
Mildew Is not generally affected by
chemicals, though It sometimes yields
to their uctlon. It may best be treut
ed with 11 stiff paste made by boiling
down Castile soap shavings, spreading
a thick layer of this upon the stain
aud scattering over it some powdered
potash. Moisten slightly with water
and bleach out on the grass.
Keeping Candiid Fruit,
Candied fruit, should always be kept
In the dark to preserve Us rich color
and flavor. Preserved and canned to
matoes often spoil, or at least lose
much of their flavor, simply from the
action of light. Keep all fruits In a
closed cupboard, or lacking that, wrap
each can in dark colored paper. Jellies
alone should be kept in a rather light
place.
Washing White Chiffon.
White chiffon washes perfectly, hut
a better way to clean It Is by a dry
method. Cue two quarts of finely pow
dered starch to oue of powdered borax.
Spread the chiffon on a clean muslin,
mid rub the mixture well Into it. Shake
this out, and sprinkle' liberally with
clean flour and borax; cover and leave
over night; the next day brush and
shake every particle of powder from
the chiffon. It should be found quite
spotless.
An Apple Hint.
One of the most wholesome dishes
Is a baked apple. It Is delicious at
breakfast as well as at supper. In
fact, apples in almost any form are in
valuable. For variety's sake try peel
ing (he apples before baking them.
Peel unci core them, fill the hollows
with spice and sugar and bake long
enough to give them a thin, crispy,
crust. Sometimes a bit of butter Is
placed on top of each apple before put
ting In the oven. Serve them cold with
whipped cream.
Recipes,
Corn Souffle Drain the water from
a can of corn and stir In three table
spoonfuls of melted butter. Beat four
eggs until very light and turn with
a pint of rich milk into the corn. Sea
son well, beat for several minutes and
pour Into a buttered pudding dish.
Cover and bake thirty minutes. Re
move the cover, brown the souffle and
serve directly.
Crape Catchup Wash two quarts ol
grapes, pick over and remove stems.
Put In granite ware saucepan, pour
over one quart of vinegar, bring to
boiling pout and rook until grapes are
soft; then rub through a sieve. Re
turn to saucepan, add 1 1-2 pounds ol
brown sugar, one fablespooiiful each
of cinnamon, clove mid pimento, one-
halt tablespoouful of salt and one-
fourth of a teaspoonful of cayenne.
Cook until of the consistency of to
mato catchup. Bottle, coj! und seal.
Cabbage Salad The following rule
for cabbage salad Is a good old "stand
by" and excellent on the country sup
per table: Chop a head of cabbage very
fine, using the regular meat chopper,
which will cut It up Into flue pieces
of equal size. Soak the cabbage two
hours in salt and water, then drain.
Beat thoroughly four eggs, add one
pint of vinegar and half a cup of but
ler. Let it come to the boiling point,
stirring It carefully to prevent the
eggs from curdling. Then add a scant
tablespoouful of pepper, a heaping one
of mustard and sugar to taste. .Some
housewives do uot like as much sugar
as others.
Stuffed Tomatoes The acidity of to
matoes, which is always brought out
with cooking, makes them particular
ly welcome at this season. They may
be served either with bread crumb
stuffing or with a chicken forcemeat.
Select touHitoes of firm texture. Cut
a "cap" off the top of each and remove
all the soft pulp and seeds. Pound to
a paste small pieces of chic-ken, either
cooked or raw. Measure the chicken.
Add the same amount of bread crumbs
to It, soaked In milk and to every cup
ful of the mixture add a saltspoonfid
of butter and an egg yolk, with pepper
and salt to suit the taste. Some people
may enjoy the addition of a pinch of
nutmeg. ' Alsft add half a teaspoonful
of onion juice and six chopped mush
rooms. If the mixture is not moist
enough, a little chicken stock or good
gravy can be poured over the stuffing.
Replace the "caps" and bake the to
matoes in a porcelain lined or'enamel
pieplate or baking pan. Cook them
half an hour in a moderate oven. A
simpler rule for stuffed tomatoes Is this
delicious one: After preparing them
as above, cutting off the top and tak
ing out the Ins:de, fill with the follow
ing dressing: To every two cups ol
bread crumbs add pepper, salt, a bay
leaf, ground or finely chopped and a
slice of onion, also chopped. Moisten
the stuffing with the juice and pulp of
the tomatoes, which should be freed
from s'.eds. Cover with small bits ol
butter, yerve hot immediately after
baking.
The Immorality qf the
Money Power
By David J. Brewer. Justice of Uie
Supreme Court,
TTR nim-.it t-iur rpnmlna lwitli
w I I man. Without honesty
I together. And in spite
nnauce l believe that the great ueart or. me Aiuericau peuiiio
loves justice and square dealing. It looks with nlurm at the
influence and with shame and humiliation at the Immorality of
the monev uower. It rebels against Us domination and resents its
lowering of moral Ideals and Its debauching of the conscience of the rising gen
eration. It feels and confesses that such wickedness Is a reproach to any na
tion. It yearns for a fresh baptism of righteousness. Nor does It pray mere
ly; it will net too. It is going to protect itself against the depredations and
debaucheries of tho money power by breaking down monopolies, giving every
body a chance and holding all rich and poor alike to strict accountability
to law and to a quickened public opinion.
Next to honesty I should say that justice Is the cardinal virtue of society.
Justice consists In giving to everybody his due. The tendency In every society
Is for the stronger and the better favored to get more than their due. This
Is the ever-present motive nnd argument for socialism, which contemplates an
equal distribution cf economic goods. But I cannot convince myself that so
cialism Is the goal of society. Socialism, Indeed, equalizes the distribution of
the slock of goods on hand, but It does not, like the competitive regime, suc
cessfully provide for their increase. And worse still, socialism fulls to evoke
from the Individual the most and the highest of which the individual
Is capable. What we need In America Is not the cast iron so
cialistic policy of the doctrinaire, but the, infusion Into the present
economic order of the social spirit the spirit of fair play and mutual helpful
ness. And at least one step In positive legislation Is necessary. We should
abolish monopolies and restriction which work Inequalities In prices or injur
tlces iu the distribution of wealth. Perfect Justice in the economic sphere Is
hard to realize lu fact or even to define In thought. But It certainly Is not
the Interest of the stronger. And laws which give artificial support to the
stronger should be repealed.
The moral character of a people Is the culminating criterion of Its greatness.
If the individual American Is honest and truthful nnd temperate and pure-, and
Just and 1rave, and kind, the American people, whatever else they may lack,
possess moril greatness which Is the principal constituent of any conception
of greatness. And a nation composed of such citizens will bring this moral
spirit and temper Into all Its relations with foreign government.
m 0 &f
Marshall Field and
His Honorable Fortune
By the lCdltor of ttie New Yorlt Post.
ARSHAI.L FIBLD'S case lu the best answer to those who say that
all objections to all rich men are born of the meanest motives.
The denunlcation of certain men with vast possessions Is eome-
"linies said to be only a manifestation of Jealously; the Insensate
rage cf the Have-N'ots against the Haves. But we do not think
so poorly of human nature. If anything, we believe the natural
tendency of ordinary people Is too easily to assign all sorts of
m
g3
vlrture to men eminent for wealth; and when, on the contrary, we see tnem
attacked and discredited, there Is always a reason for It. Sometimes the
cause Is persiual something In the character of Sir Oorglua Midas, but ordi
narily it is the sense of social justice asserting Itself. Men resent wealth or
power of any kind acquired and. used without scruple and without remorse.
They will cry out, we ure glad to say, when they see greed grown' great by the
ruin of the helpless. It is, whether mistaken or not, tho belief that one man's
riches mean uuother man's wrongs, which leads to the general contempt In
which certain very rich men are held. Against wealth, as such, we see no
evidence that there Is any real prejudice; but against fortunes created by tak
ing unfair advantage of one's efllows, or by securing special legislation, or by
disregard or the laws intended to secure equal rights for all, there always has
been, and always will be, prejudice amongst rlglit-thlnkiug people In a demo
cracy. It was against the "Interdicted gains" of "bread-taxed trade" that El
liott, the "Corn-Law Rhymer," ptote.sted.
Such enormous fortunes as his raise the old questions which 'philosophers
and moralists have so many tlmejc discussed: "What are ihe limits of lux
ury? How can vast accumulations of wealth in the hands of one man be Jus
tltled?" The true answer lies in the use to which the wealth Is put. Pro
fessor Sedgwick lays clown the general rule, to which Leslie Stephen subscrib
ed, that the tea. is social efficiency. If great wealth makes Its possessor a
more useful member Of society than he would be without it, then we need look
no further for its justification. And when, as in the Instance of Mr. Field,
the large fortune was honorably got, and millions of It devoted, as In the Field
Columbian Museum, to .the education of the public in beauty and refinement,
In ways not otherwise available, the usefulness and the honor of the rich man
are placed beyond doubt or cavil.
&F &f T
Beneficial Results gf the
Insurance Investigation
By Harry A. Ciuiremancl.
OW that the active part of
m
well to consider the beneficial results It has brought about.
Its greatest beiiefa will be the lesson It gives to all men, rich
and poor. In this age where men want to have a different code
of morals for business and for the church, where men who want
to bo considered honest, Chuistiun gentlemen throw their religion
away when it comes to business, such a dlscl6sure as this pre
sents vividly the errcr of such a state of affairs, whether the man be rich or
poor. For It has shown the harmful results of yielding to temptations that
are common to a:i humanity, such as making money in a way that cannot leg
ally be proven to bo dishonest, although it Is necessary to quiet the conscience;
using foul means wheu It would be difficult to use fair, lying when It Is hard
to teil the truth, and any hiiuilu-r of those petty dishonesties which are so diffi
cult to overcome. This all suggests itself to the general public in reading
over this Inquiry, for, after all. the shortcomings of these gentlemen are so
human that in the deepest conscience of every man who has or would have
done tilings of the same kind the judgment of the public in this case will be a
conviction to hi m.
Then, too, thi.i Investigation has produced some material results. It has
caused many of the men who were guilty of these irregularities in high places
to resign under pressure of public opinion, although there Was no legal convic
tion made. What a triumph for the public at large. These men, so arrogant
and self-righteous under examination, who used every resource of their re
sourceful intellects to vindicate themselves on the stand, at last found it neces
sary to resign from their powerful and profitable positions. Another material
result Is that the men who have taken the places of those who have resigned
have found It necessary to make great reductions of expense, and In some cases
to cut their salaried in half.
We all should thank God for the Insurance investigation and Us result
at present and to come. . - .
Dr. Osier alks
Simple Nonsense
By Gen. Roger A. Fryor.
Ft. OSLER has arbitrarily fixed a certain period, sixty year,at which
a. man becomes old aud therefore Incapable of effective action in
the conduct of life. The proposition assumes, correctly enough,
that old age Is such a decay, If not paralysis of the faculties as
renders a man Impotent, and hence useless to himself and to so
ciety; and Involves, as a postulate, that at a specified time he Is
in this sense and to tlfis effect an old man.
D
The fallacy of this reasoning was long since exposed. Time is no agent
In reality does nothing and is nothing; is In fact only a compendious expres
sion for all those causes which operate
be in action, no cuange taices place in any lapse oi time. (Archbishop Whately a
Annotation to "Bacon's Essays," Students' Edition, pp. 220-218).
Whether, therefore, a man be old in the sense of senility depends not upon
Jhe years he has lived, but upon the health and strength of his faculties of body
and mind. If these be unimpaired and unaffected, he Is not an "old man."
To ascertain, then, whether a man be competent to the exigencies of life W3
must look not to his years, but to his actual condition. And as that condition
varies according to the agencies which have operated upon It, we observe that
some men at eighty are really younger, i e., more efficient, than others at fifty.
It Is obvious, therefore, that lii his proscription of tho so-called "old man"
Dr. Osier talks simple nonsense. '
His remark, too, Is net only silly, but inhuman; inasmuch as it tends to
justify aud aggravate that contempt for age which is a characteristic of the
strenuous Amerlcau life of the present day. The student of history will in
struct him that from ancient Greece to modern Japan communities have been
prosperous In proportion to their respect for the counsels of experience.
In thp llnlvarsa nnil In the heart Of
and Justice civil society would not hold
of the shocking revelations of our high
the insurance Investigation Is over, it is
in tlhe. Unless some positive cause
A Uuettlon to Think Our.
One of the farm papers asks the fol
lowing question: "Are you keeping
your poultry or Is your poultry keep
ing you?" Providing that they think It
over well that little question ought to
be the means of doing n great many
poultrymeli n lot of good. Look Into
the matter for yourself, nnd. if "you
are keeping your hens," endeavor lo
innke such changes as will turn the
thing nbout. If the "hens are keeping
you," see lo it that they are well rc
pald for their trouble nnd use every
means possible to enable them "lo keep
you" better in the future tlmn tliey
have in the past. Weekly Witness.
Wniliing Milk I'nlli,
The milk palls should never lie al
lowed to stand after being emptied. If
It is not convenient to wash them nt
once they should be filled with cold
water, which v.i!l prevent the thin
film, composed of the solids of the
milk, forming eti the Inside of the pall.
Once this film is allowed to dry on the
pnil it is almost impossible to remove
It. A frequent mistake consists In
pouring' hot water into the pails be
fore they have been rinsed out with
cold water. The cJTect of this treat
ment is to cause the film to adhere
more firmly. Rinsing with cold water
Is always the first process In the
cleaning of metal milk vessels; then
follows the ' washing and scalding.
Wiping is unnecessary, as the beat of
the vessel, after the scalding wntcr is
removed, is sufficient to dry off the
surface. Always leave pails so that
the sun can shine into them. When
buying tin pails see that Hie seams
nre well filled with solder; they will
be easier to clean, and there will be no
lodging place for germs. A linlf-lnch
fihnge is also desirable, thus preventing
the bottom of the pnil from coming Into
direct contact with the ground. Amer
ican Cultivator.
OTArrrnpplnff of Solid.
It Is safe to say that every farmer,
whose soil is not virgin soil, has had
the experience of wearing out some
strip of soil by overcropping, too little
fertilizer or wrong methods of rotation.
Some men need to be taught this lesson
but once, and as soon ns a lilt of their
soil begins (o show wear they build
It up. i Men 'who are in a position to
know claim that the natural supply of
potash iu the soil is almost limitless,
and we know that by the use of
legumes we can add nitrogen to the
soil nt small expense. It Is claimed,
therefore, that phospljorie acid only
need be bought, anil hence the cost
of building up or rebuilding the soil is
reduced to a minimum. This is doubt
less so under normal conditions, but
how many men so crop their soil that
the plant foods are preserved in it In
the proper proportions so as to be avail
able for the growing plant.
We do not know for u certainty, ex
cept under chemical examination,
whether or not we are getting the
proper proportion of potash to the
plant by cultivation, nor can we tell
about the nitrogen, except as we may
judge from the growing plant. Possi
bly the result In the following crop,
when we think we shall have done all
that is possible for the best results, is
a complete disappointment, nnd we be
gin to scoff nt the scientist's theories.
That we are gradually wearing out our
soils can not be denied, and it is cer
tainly a question worthy of considera
tion that each of us look more closely
Into how we are treating our soils nnd
find some way of applying the remedy
If we are abusing them. Indianapolis
News.
Alfalfa For Hnrl.
Professor Melville, of the Utah Sta
tion, says that in comparing alfalfa
nnd timothy as roughage for horses,
the results of six tests, under varying
conditions of work, show that It Is not
as difficult to maintain the weight of
horses on alfalfa as on timothy. The
cost of maintenance was greater in
every case, except one, on timothy than
on alfalfa. The appearance of horses
In every comparison of alfalfa nnd
timothy was in favor of the alfalfa
fed horses by long continued alfalfa
feeding. Attacks of colic nnd other
digestive disorders can be prevented by
a judicious syfteri of feeding. The
amount of hay fed on most farms could
be reduced one-half. It may be eco
nomical to reduce the amount of hay
and Increase the amount of grain fed
to horses. It is evident from a study
of the experiments, during four periods
in which bran and shorts were used
and during one when oats made up the
grain ration, that bran nnd shorts ray
be substituted for oats when the horses
are fed alfalfa and timothy. Twenty
pounds of alfalfa a day maintaios the
weight of horses weighing neatly 1400
pounds when at rest. At heavy work,
32.02 pounds of alfalfa a day was
barely sufficient to maintain the weight
of the same horses. It is evident that
there is a tendency to use all the pro
tein, when horses are fed timothy, and
no apparent waste of nitrogen when
fed alfalfa. This waste is not consid
ered serious here, as protein is not an
expensive part of the diet. These re
sults were those of a direct trial, but
the surface indications of an Indirect
trial: it may be that the conclusion is
not well founded. Slnee red clover
hay does not differ materially in nutri
tive value from alfalfa, it seems prob
able that the first might be substituted
for the last, and with similar results,
provided the first is well cured, sweet
and free from must or dust. But If It
must be fed, shake out all the dust
possible anil moisten the bay. Weekly
Witness.
For the Winter Oiler.
In many cellars in the country the
space must be used for the storage of
fruils nnd vegetables as well as for the
other purposes for which cellars art
generally used. In order that perishable
nrllcles may keep In them to the besl
advantage the cellar must; be capable
of ventilation, but at the same time
must be frost-proof. This latter can
be brought about by the proper protec
tion of the walls, banking up with soil
will generally accomplish this, as well
as the spaces around the windows. Nfl
better method of cellar ventilation can
be devised than that here 'described
Build an air-shaft of two-inch planks,
which are about a foot wide; they
must bo long enough to reach from thi
floor to near the ceiling of the cellar
Cover the upper end with a piece ol
planking.
A hole two bricks wide and om
m -Mr Atmm ti& mam
Bffi
brick long 1 made In the cellar wall,
and n hole of corresponding size is cut
iu the plank of the nir shaft, directly
opposite the hole in the wall. Then,
at the bottom of the shaft, next to or
near the floor, cut out another piece
about a foot square. Cover all the
openings with wire netting, set the
air shaft close to the hole in the wall
and secure it In position. In the event
of an unusually cold streak of weather,
boards may be placed over the opening
in the bottom of the shaft, or, better
still, a number of newspapers may be
folded and wrapped around the bottom
of the shaft. The Illustration showl
the plan clearly, so that any one can
readily put It in operation. Indianap
olis Xews.
futile Feeding- Experiment.
The following from some careful cat
tle feeding experiments of one of the
experiment stations will be found very
iifferesting to cnttle feeders:
. "In the second trial a lot of two-year-old
steers on alfalfa and alfalfa
hay made an average daily gain in
1SS days of 1.158 pounds per head. The
gain made by a similar lot fed wheal
hay and cured sorghum In addition to
green alfalfa and alfalfa hay was 1.5C
pounds per head per day, and by a
lot fed some roiled barley In addition
to alfalfa fresh and cured, wheat bay,
and cured sorghum 1.87 pounds.
"The third test was made with twa
lots each containing eleven yearling
nnd covered 48.1 days. The lot fed
principally alfalfa made an average
daily gain of 1.21 pounds per day, and
the lot fed a ration of sorghum hay,
wheat hay, etc., in addition to alfnlf:)
1.20 pounds. In the fourth test, which
covered 522 days, four steers fed al
falfa as a soiling crop, hay or both,
In the different periods, made an av
erage dally gain in the whole test ol
one pound por head, as compared! with
0.98 pounds In the case of a lot fed
alfalfa supplemented principally by
sorghum hay. In connection with tbii
test one lot of four steers was kept on
alfalfa pnsturage to compare this meth
od of feeding with the data obtained
by the use of alfalfa as a soiling crop
or hay. In 518 days there was an av-
ernge daily gain on alfalfa pasturage
of 1.01 pounds per head. From, the
data included in the bulletin the con
clusion was drawn that the combina
tion rations containing alfalfa were
about equal In feeding value to rationj
of fresh and cured alfalfa.
"In all cases the shrinkage whci
steers were dressed was tnken lot
Account, and the conclusion was
reached that although the differences
were small, yet this factor was slightly
greater with the lots fed alfalfa com
bined with other materials than os
alfalfa nlone.
"Since alfalfa, whore conditions are
favorable for Its production, yields the
most abundant and cheapest forage
grown In the Southwest, the high per
centage of protein may be disregarded,
although theoretically a carbohydrate
feed, such as sorghum or grain hay.
should be fed with it to secure a more
thorough utilization of the protein ol
the alfalfa by the animal. Iu situa
tions where alfalfa can not be produced
to advantage, as with scant water sup
ply and on excessively alkaline soils,
carbohydrates rations may often be
grown, especially of the sorghum class,
wmeu in combination with alfalfa
gives results about equal to those from
the all-alfalfa rati cm. Sorghum rattan
nlone are undoubtedly Inferior to ak
falfa alone and in combination with
alfalfa yield greater gains than when
fed alone.
"The quality of the meat from alfalfa
fed steers appears to be about the
same as that from animals fed- on the
combined rations nsed. Animals fin
ished with barley yielded meat of dis
tinctly better quality, but the slight
advance In price obtained did not make
return for the barley fed.
"Assuming the approximate average'
and representative character of the
forage used, the yields obtained, and
the animals employed, the results ol
these experiments indicate that nndei
Southwestern conditions, where alfalfa
may be fed or pastured all or nearly
all the year, this forage is the most
abundant and the cheapest feed avail
able, giving as good gains of as good
quality as can be economically pro
duced." Indiana Farmer.
As many as 4061 muscles have beet
counted In the body of a moth.
i
I