LIFE OF TltAdEDY
tAREER OF BOWIE, INVENTOR OF
THE FAMOUS KNIFE.
Orlarlnal Weapon Waa Mnrtfl
Prom flit, anil With It II" Owner
Klllil (later MenIlia Klnnl Unlit
at ttat) Aliao, hrr lie llleil.
There are nin who Boom rappi'lnlly
rrentpd to fill a rortiilu liue In the
nffnlr of their time. Thin lin born
purtiouJnrly true in Ainerlniti history.
The man that In the nturni mul .treoi
of the period wns most npwlod lm nl-
come to the fore at the Riipreino
moment. If ever thin was dt'inonxtrnt
! by clrruniKtances It wus In the early
history of the Texna republic, Unit
atorm born atate evoked from the rev
olution of 1830.
In his remark cotirrrniiiK tlio curly
history of Texaa that I'resldont Me
Kluley made ou one of Ills tours lie re
ferred tuoet' felloltouHly, tlnnnxli brief
ly, to the four men who under I'rovl
donce hod been most prominent In the
early days, when the greatest "tnlo In
the Union In the matter of territory
wai a young and HtrtiKKlInu; republic' -Houston,
TravlH, Crockett and ltowie.
lie spoke on classic Kionnil, too, for it
waa lit the Alamo, - where he then
food, that throo of the four crowned
with their Uvea their -devotion to the
young atate, whose foundations they
bad laid deep with the seal of their
blood.
Of thla group of heroes, as worthy of
place In song or story ns any who so
gallantly died under shield before Troy,
the least known of them nil and yet in
many respects the greatest was James
Howie, fumous only by reason of the
world renowned knife called by bis
name. A few words touchhiK his un
cestry may not be out of place. Ho
waa not from Maryland, as has been ho
often stated, but was born In Ilurkc
county, Ga., In IT'.K). In l.sirj his fa
ther emigrated to Louisiana.
That country wus then still under
French domination. There had been
large tracts of land granted by the
French crown In the territory named
for Louis XIV., and one of these, in
the parish of Catahoula, was acquired
by the elder Howie. He was a man
of substance, owning nearly 100 slaves.
He Boon bad his estate well opened out
end was growing superb cropa of cot
ton and corn.. Ills sou James be sent
first to a famous private school at
Natchez, Miss., and afterward to the
Jesuit college then located at New
' Orleans.
James Bowie, in 1827, was challeng
ed to a duel with Norrls WrlKht. The
pocket pistols of that day were uncer
tain. It was long before the percus
sion cap bad been brought into com
mon use, and tho flintlock arm was the
only firearm known. It was liable to
miss fire just when it ought not to.
Bowie determined to rely upon a knife
be had caused to be made for just such
a contingency. lie hnd taken a four
teen Inch leVg file, such as wns then
used to sharpen crosscut saws and
the upright saws used for turning out
planks from logs. He had the file
marks carefully ground off the file anil
the smooth piece of steel skillfully re
duced by the grindstone until it was
about the thickness and weight ho de
sired. Then he took it to a Spaniard
In New Orleans known as "Pedro, tho
killed cutler," a man who bad Ion mod
his art In Toledo, whero tho finest
sword blades in all Bpnln were forged.
Re tempored and finished the knife,
fitted It .with a crosspiece aud haft.
When It waa done James Bowie bad a
. weapon "fit to fight for a man's llfo
' ' with," as he said to Governor Wells.
It was beautifully balanced, and tho
artist bad hollow ground it like a
rasor, with a double edge for three or
four Inches from the point.
The knife was fitted with a wooden
tcabbard, covered with leather, and
was sharp enough to shave tho hair
oS the back of one's band. This was
the original Bowie knife, though it
waa somewhat modified subsequently
In abape. Bowie, while a student at
New Orleans, had studied other things
besides the humanities, as the dead
languages of Greece and Rome were
then called. By accident bo found in
bis fencing master a man who could
not only use the sword, but was a
master in tbe use of the cuchillo, the
Spanish fighting knife, a weapon not
unlike the bowle. Our young stu
dent entered enthusiastically into the
training and science of old Spain in
that nation's once national weapon.
And so be was much better equipped
for the deadly fight that was so near
at band.
Natchei Island, where tbe fight was
V be,, was midway between the Lou
isiana and Mississippi shores of the
great Father of Waters. Therefore it
waa a favorite meeting place for gen
tlemen who hd to adjust affairs that
might have a ratal ending, as the au
thorities of neither state could Inter
fere. "I stayed all night with Jumes
Bowie," said a friend of his, who died
In bis ninetieth year. "On tho nlgbt
lefore the fight was to take place I
never saw a man Bleep more soundly
than be did nor eat a better breakfast
the next morning."
It was 'understood that each of tbe
principals should have but one friend,
and certainly not more than two, ou
the ground. But Mr. Wright bud five
or six present The fight began-wlth
the pistols. One of Bowie's missed
fire, while both of Wright's bullets
fcok effect upon bis antagonist
Thinking be bud Bowie at his mercy,
Norrls Wright sprang upon him. In
a moment Bowie bad drawn bis dead
ly knife, and, though two or three of
Wright's friends were shooting at blm
. and bitting bim, too, Bowie made one
awful slash at Wrlgbt'a neck. Tbe
keen steel bit Into the very neck boue.
Tbe blood shot out over Bowie, and
Ron-is Wright wns dead l"fore ho
touched lb) ground.
Seriously wounded himself It wns
for some time n very doubtful question
whether or not he would ever get well.
But youlh, n temperate life mid nil ex
cellent constitution Dually brought him
around, and In a year from that time
be killed General 'in In with the same
knire he had used In his Hist encoun
ter. "The knife doesn't miss tire." he
I said to nil intimate friend, Mr. llynum
of the parish of ltapliles, "the pistol
does." This, of tourse,' was long be
fore the perfection of the percussion
cap or the Invention of the revolver.
.lames Howie w as engaged In the pur
chase and contest of claims for great
tracts of lands that had I ecu grants
made by the French crown. When
Louisiana was ceded to the Fulled
States and finally becnnie n stale, there
was n good deal of trouble on this ac
count over some of the titles of land
along the Ited river and Its tributa
ries. A man often had to tight for bis
plantation, as frequently he would not
i:xt It up to somebody with nil old
I reach or Spanish grant. It was In
those contests that .Tame Itowlt' did
hio-t of Ills killing. He had sixteen
I lives on his hands from the use of that
one bloody knife. After much consid
eration he had made 11 Knife that has
been the model and pattern for all the
real bowle knives that have ever had
the sanction of their originator.
In IKir, Howie sold his Louisiana
property and went to Texas. The Lone
Star State was In the throes of n
bloody revolution. The gallant resist
ance of the Tcxiins so exasperated I ien
eral Sanla Anna, who w as chief in com
mand of the Mexican forces, that he
swore he would take no more prison
ers. When Bowie arrived ill Texas and
offered his services to the young re
public he was nt once made n colonel
of riflemen In the army of Texas.
In January, 1MUI. Colonel It iwle was
ordered to San Antonio de Hexar to
assist In holding that place against
Santa Anna's coining forces. The tlego
ran along until March, when San An
tonio, trusting In the pledged word of
honor of Santa Anna, with u starved
out garrison, surrendered. A general
massacre took place. Travis, Crockett
and Bowie were murdered In cold
blood, n stain on General Anna's mem
ory that time enn never blot out. Colo
nel Bowie was badly wounded three
times and was in a room of the main
work of the place called the Alamo.
He opposed the surrender ns long ns
was possible.
He was lying on his bed when he
hoard the triumphant Mexicans com
ing In. It was the first hint he had
had of the surrender. Ho knew that
his life was ended. He could, however,
move about u little. The Instant the
Mexicans came Into the room they- be
gan shooting nt him. Ho grasped his
knife and leaped nmong them like nn
enraged tiger, and when the firing end
ed six of his enemies had crossed the
Styx with James Bowie and gouu with
him to the shades.- Houston Tost.
Debtors Years Ago,
lSOft.-liejolclng.-On Monday even
ing, In consequence of the Insolvent
debtors' bill having received the royal
assent, the king's bench prison was il
luminated anil the debtors tcstlllod
their gratitude to the legislature and
the noble lord (Holland) who brought
forward the bill for their relief with
every demonstration of Joy. Immedi
ately after tho gates of tho prison were
shut (10 o'clock) Mr. F.mmcrtou, one
of the turnkeys, being universally re
spected for his nttentlon and civility
In the line of his duty to the unfortu
nate confined, wns carried Uiree times
round tho building, preceded by flags
and colors flying, accompanied by the
loudest shouts of applause and appro
bation of his general conduct. And
Mr. Fmmerton, from whom the more
distressed have so repeatedly from her
humanity and benevolence found re
lief, bad tho pleasure of hearing her
name mentioned with every expression
of esteem. Many loyal toasts were
given suitable to the occasion, and the
evening passed with the utmost possi
ble hilarity and Joy. Itcprlnt of July
S3, lSUtl, in London Globe.
The Vnlvnr lieataarnnt Ilnhlt.
Restaurant hospitality is a remarka
ble feature of the times, and many Is
the weary housew ife who blesses tbe
arrangement. It lifts from her all wor
ry and trouble and gives her as good
n chance of enjoyment ns any of her
guests. The very popularity of this
form of entertaining, however, con
stitutes e-"'!cnt photographs of mod
ern society. The first thing that
strikes one on entering is the babel of
voices. F.very one screams. Women
who should be nnd ostensibly are so
ciety lenders yell their remarks. It Is
not unusual to see crossed knees, el
bows on table and cigarettes when the
meal is over. To a certain extent, per
haps, these things are due to our cous
ins, who have a very large continent
to be American in, but whose infec
tious high spirits are, on Kipling's "Is
land nine by seven," a little overpow
ering In their expression, Loudon
Critic,
The Value of Salt.
Besides being such an essential part
of culinary art, salt has many other
uses perhaps not generally kitown.
Salt cleanses tho palate and furred
tongue, and a gargle of suit and wuter
is often efficacious. A pinch of salt
on the tongue, followed teu minutes
after by a drink of cold wuter, often
cures a sick headache. Bait hardens
the gums, makes the teeth white and
sweetens the breath. Suited wuter and
alcohol in solution should be used for
rubbing weak ankles. Salt used dry
lu the same manner as snuff will do
much to relieve colds, hny fever, etc.
Salt in warm water if used for bathing
tired eyes will be found very refresh
ing. Suit and water will stop hemor
rhage from tooth pulling.
' Military "Di3CiFLiNE.
A Little Fnaana-e Rrlnrra a Clermna
Colonel aad a I.leatenunt.
Hie noted soldier nnd historian Theo
dore Ayrault Hodge wna educated In
Berlin, and at a dinner party, apropos
of Germany military discipline, he
once said:
"Tbe German soldier must never ap
pear In public except In uniform. F.veu
when he is on furlough he must not
under any circumstances wear civilian
tlress.
"Well, Swnrts, a young lieutenant of
cavalry, during my residence lu Berlin
was one day engaged In some adven
ture or other anil put on, to disguise
himself, n suit of black cloth. I tressed
in this suit, he was passing down nil
unfrequented street when he came face
to fnce with his colonel.
"Detected in so grave a misdemeanor,
SwartJ! proved himself the possessor
of a resourceful mind. He said to the
colonel In a bass voice different from
his own:
"'Cnn you tell mo, sir, where Lieu
tenant Swart lives? I am bis brother
from the country, and I have come on
to pay him a visit.'
"The colonel readily nnd politely gave
the required Information nnd passed
on.
"The lieutenant congratulated him
self on his esenpn. He hurried home
and put on his uniform. Iuty late
Unit nfternoon called hint before the
colonel ngnln. He saluted with con
fidence. Tbe colonel regarded him odd
ly. " 'Lieutenant Swnrtz,' he snld, 'I
wish you'd tell your brother from the
country that If he pnys yon another
visit I'll put him lu close confinement
for ten dnys.' "
THE FIRST RAILWAYS.
IVhrn sixteen Miles nn llonr Mad
tli l'niriirra lllnmr.
In l.K.'!0, when the railway was open
ed between Liverpool and Manchester,
the Liverpool terminus wns at Whip
ping, l.lme street tunnel was not com
pleted until about six years Inter.
At first the service consisted of three
trains each way ou week days nnd two
on Sundays, but this wus soon found
to be liisulllcleut. After Lime street
station wns opened there were six first
class trains nnd six second class trains
each way on week days nnd two of
each description on Sundays. The jour
ney of thirty-one miles occupied near
ly two hours, which led to complaints
that the speed was too great to he
pleasant and cuused dizziness. On the
other hand, sanguine expectations were
ludulged in that in course of time the
average rate of traveling would be at
least double the ordinary speed of the
swiftest conveyances drnwu by horses.
It wns anticipated that the general
adoption of railways would lead to "it
vast decreaso lu the consumption of
oats and liny by the substitution of
steam engines In lieu of horses, and
thnt portion of the soil which has hith
erto been allotted" to tho growth of
such produce may be appropriated to
the raising of food suitable to tho hu
man species" nn Important considera
tion In the time of the corn laws. It
could not bnve been foreseen that the
railway system, so far from supersed
ing horses, would lead to an Immense
Increase In the demand for them. Liv
erpool Tost
MaoVaaah Adjourned the Conrt.
On ono occasion Wayne MncVcugh
succeeded lu adjourning tho supreme
court before the usual hour. Mr. Mac
Veagh never remained In Washington
overnight if be could help it, and ou
this occasion he greatly desired to tnke
the 4 o'clock train for riilludelphlu.
Although talking to tho court he kept
bis eye on the clock and at 3:4.1, giv
ing himself Just enough time to reach
the station, he ceased his argument
and said: "May it please your honors,
I move that the court do now adjourn.
I want to catch the 4 o'clock train for
borne." The cool audacity of the re
quest seemed to paralyze the Justices,
but the chief justice made the custom
ary order without a protest and Mr.
MacVeagh got bis train.
Majeatjr of the Law.
A great deul Is said of the majesty
of the law, and a sonorous phrase bas
been coined to express it, but Its majes
ty resides in tho sternness, prompt
ness, Impartiality aud fearlessness with
which laws are enforced and the au
thority of the courts vindicated. If the
law bus ever been brought into con
tempt It has been done by no act of
criminals or of intending offenders, but
by the weakness and failures of the of
ficers of the law and the ministers of
justice to maintain the majesty with
which the law should clotho them.
New Orleans Picayune.
Took Nothing.
Mrs, Green (who thinks of engaging
n servant) But Is the girl honest? Can
she be trusted? Mrs, Brown (the girl's
former mistress) You need not be In
the least alarmed. She Is perfectly hon
est All the time she was with me I
never knew her to take a thing not
even my advice as to how things
should be done.
A Team.
"Between the two, Jones and bis
wife cover a good ieal of lingual
ground."
"How so?"
"Well, he makes a good after dinner
speech and she makes a good before
wi'eukfaut ono." Detroit Free Press.
Rare.
"Harduppy tells me be never de
stroys a receipted bill."
"No, he's more likely to bave them
frumed nnd bung up tn bis parlor as
curiosities." London Judy.
If you want to retain your faith In a
critic you ought never to see the thing
be criticises. Pall Mall Magazine.
MIRACLE PEARL&.
. Imaajes ot the Uud Duddha Are Orowa
to Order hr Massels.
' "Von may live In China all your life
I nnd II ml something new on the hist
duy," snld one of the veteran mission
I nrles to me nt Ilnngehow. "And ou
I our last trip out Into the country ou
I our village rounds we came upon
these," producing a pair of shells ou
whose Inner lincreoiis surface lay Im
bedded rows of "blister pearls" and the
famous "miracle pearls" tiny pearly
Images of the Buddha In low relief.
These miracle pearls have been
buowu ns products of Chinese skill an I
Ingenuity for centuries. F.very mu
seum possesses one or more shells with
the pearly Image embedded, nnd lu the
old days of the Fast India trade the
New Knghnil sou captains used tn
bring them home from their cruises.
They got them, of course, nt Canton,
but Clinton no longer knows them or
shows them for sale, ami persistent
questioning call get no clew us to the
place where the miracles are made to
order. They used to be sold nt the
Buddhist temples In Clinton, mid I had
been told that they were also brought
by the pilgrims ns souvenirs of (heir
visit to the sacred Isle of 1'ootoo, lu
(he Chiisan archipelago, but no one
I'liew where the "pearl yards" were,
where the seat of Chinese penrl cul
ture might be.
"I saw these on the ledge of the wall
lu one house, and when I nsked about
them they told me to come nnd see,"
and without any effort, prolonged In
terest, question or search the good mis
sionary stumbled upon the whole busi
ness of the miracle pearls,
Ppurl rearing, It seems, wns the chief
Industry of thnt remote vllhirte In Che
klang province mid had been Its unique
specialty for ages. Kaeh generation
had passed on the secrets of the nrt
nud knew not when It began, who first
taught or evolved the processes by
which the fresh wafer mussel is In
duced to retain mud pellets nnd small
luelalt objects which are slipped into
the shells nnd to diligently cover them
with nacreous substance.
The foreign visitor who had chanced
upon the miracle making village wns
taken to a place ivhere eight or ten men
sat n round tables prying the mussel
shells open to ndmit of little pellets of
baked clay nnd hits of flat metal, im
pressed evidently from a die. In the
shape of n seated Buddlui.
Tho mud balls are slipped In, and tho
mussel does the rest, but the little
scraps of ltinldhas must be placed right
side up with care, ns Chinese aesthetic
culture has never reached the appreci
ation or evolution of mi Intaglio,
The mussels are put in ponds u)ul left
there two or more years and are then
ready for opening nnd culling tho
"blisters" ami lluiblliiis free from tho
shell surface. Whether -the mussels
were fed by the pearl cultivators the
visitor did not lenrn. nor Just the ar
rangement of rotation or alteration of
ponds of each season's harvesting.
While the villagers carried ou the
other usual Industries of rice nnd silk
culture, the pearling remained the chief
source of wealth, some families realiz
ing ns much us Kill) silver dollars each
year from their peiui crop. The blis
ter pearls go to Jewelers nnd are
worked up Into elaborate Chinese hair
ornaments, and the miraculous Images
of the Buddha, tiny, carefully modeled,
exquisite little half Inch long Jewels,
are sold us sacred treasures and talis
mans to pilgrims at the lludilhlst
shrines around Hangchow and nt 1'oo
too for the Utile while each season that
the limited supply lasts. Chicago Trib
une. Overreached.
The president of u college wns tulle
ing to n little group of undergraduates
about the wisdom of economy.
"But while economy Is wise," ho
suld, "to be mean or niggardly is the
height of foolishness. The niggardly
man is nearly always overreached. It
s like the story of tho miser uipl the
mouthful of water.
"This miser had a cask of wine In his
cellar, nnd every evening ho would
send down his man to fetch him up a
pitcher. To keep the mail from drink
ing any of tho wine he would muko
him 1111 his mouth with water before
he left the room. Then, on bis return,
the man would have to prove that the
water still remained In his mouth, and
thus tho miser wns convinced that
none of the wine hnd been stolen.
"This scheme seemed ingenious, nnd
yet tbe servant, with the greatest ease,
overreached bis master. He kept a
pitcher of water hidden in the cellar,
ami, emptying bis mouth ou his do
scent, bo would drink all the wine he
desired nnd on his return upstairs
would still have a full mouth to show
the unsuspecting muster." l'lilladel
phlu Bulletin.
Llfo anil Love, '
If love is to flourish between twq
people they must each bo slow to take
offense nnd not only willing, but glad,
to pardon nt the first aud faintest sign
of penitence; still more, to overlook
entirely tho sin which has been a blun
der or un nccldeut. Life and love
are In great part the art of hearing
with other people's shortcomings. Ev
ery offender, whatever tile offense, is
in the eyes of the law entitled to u
fair trlul, nnd no one should be con
demned unheard. The exercise of a
modicum of common sense and justice
would nip most quarrels, whether be
tween lovers or tliers, lu the bud.
Some one has wisely said Unit scarcely
a novel 'was ever written which could
have run to the end If the hero and
heroine hud been fully frank with, one
another. Most dissensions are founded
Upon misunderstandings. Much may
be forgiven to those who love much by
those who return such nffectlon. Nor
is It sufficient to forgive wlthput for
getting the offense. The slate .should
be wiped clean aud tbe transgression
be as though it bud never been.
THE FRONT SEAT.
tm It Wartk a Con Met Between he
Haebavaa and Wtfet
Without Inviting discussion ot tali
thorny ciiestlon, I mny say that my
own opinion Is supposing anybody
wants It thnt a husband's rights are
what he can get My view of a wife'
rights Is the same. Whether It Is wise
for either party lo get all that he or
sue can Is a question of expediency to
be decided according to circumstances
and Individual Inclination. The gov
erning principle of the situation to that
when two people ride the same horse
one must ride behind. If both desire
to ride In front, either one must give
way or they must light It out In this
fight one or the other may be so
knocked about us to have no heart left
for the enjoyment of the front seat
or the weaker vessel, while resigning
himself to the buck sent, may yet make
the front one so uneomfortnble that
the occupier's life Is a misery to bim.
The question, therefore, whenever a
conflict of rights arisen Is whether the
front seat Is worth lighting about and.
If so, how hmg and how bard. Borne
people prefer the buck seat Many wbo
would take the front for choice would
rather give It up than have a row
ii bout It. They don't always lose so
much as you might think. Mr. Weller
the elder, when his wife broke his pipe,
stepped out and bought unother, and a
great man wns of opinion that this. If
not philosophy, was "a very good sub
stitute for It." -Henry Labouchere In
London Truth.
THE TWO HEADED EAGLE.
Orlarln of the Custom of Its tee aa
National gynibol.
Austria mid Russia today use the two
headed eagle ns one of their symbols.
The origin of the custom Is clouded
more or less lu obscurity. Professor
A. II. Say ce, the authority on eastern
antiquities, truces the travels of the
symbol from primitive Babylonia down
to the present time. In describing an
ancient block of sculptured stone found
lu the enst Professor Bayce says: "The
block bears upon the Inner side the
figure of a double headed eagle, with
nu animal believed to be a bure tu
either talon and a man standing on
Us twofold head. The same, double
beaded figure, supporting the figure of
a man or a god, is met with at Bogba
Keul and must be regarded as oue of
the peculiarities of tllttlte nyinliollsiii
and nrt. The symbol, whuse prototype
g mm back to primitive Babylonia, wns
ml opted In later days by the Turcoman
princes, who bud perhaps first seen II
on the Hlttlte monuments of Cuppn
docla. and the crusaders brot'ght it to
F.uripo wltli them In the fourteenth
ccniuiy. Here It became the emblem
of the German vmperors, who huvo
passed It ou to the modern i.lngdums
of Russia and Austria. It in not the
only heirloom of Hlttlte art which bus
descended to us of todiiy."
Molt lie Wu a fpr In France.
Wus the lute Marshal von Moltko
ever employed as n spy hi France? A
writer lu Lu Vie Coiitemporuiue says
he wns. In 1KHM, says the writer lu
question, Count vou Moltke entered
Franco In disguise and Inspected tho
frontier of the Rhine aud the lines of
Wlsseinburg. In particular be made a
study of the Uufuuses of Forbach aud
Spichereu. There is always, according
to the same authority, n regular espio
nage department connected with the
German army. It Is a bureau, with a
general ill the bend of It. It comprises
three sections, at the bend of each of
which is a colonel. Each colonel has
under him a certain uumber of officers
of the general stuff and clerks. Tho of
ficers lu this service are selected with
tbe greatest care from among tbe most
capable and distinguished men In tho
service
Reelected Education.
Oliver Her ford was entertaining
somo men friends lu his flat one even
ing when u servant from the apart
ment below his brought a message to
the effect that the gentleman In Sin
was unable, by reuson of tbe ulleged
noise made by Mr. Herford's party, to
enjoy that peace and quiet he thought
was due blm.
"Ho says be can't read," remarked
the servant.
"Present my compliments to the gen
tleman," suld Ilerford calmly, "and tell
blm Uiut I could when I was three
years old." Iliirpor's Weekly.
Some London Street Namea.
In London there are some quaint
street names. In Bermondsey a road,
running by the side of the river s
culled Pickle Herriug street, lu Chel
sea there Is a World's Fud passu go
nenr Gray's liq, a Cow Buth square,
and every one knows Poultry, Pater
uoster row, Anion corner aud Ave Ma
ria lune have all kept their names
since Roman Catholic times, hundreds
of years ugo. when the processions ,
nsed to pass along chanting orisons, j
The prlnclpnl street in Edinburgh to
tbe famous Cowgate.
Her Dalntr Hint.
"1 dearly love birds," be gontly sigh
ed. And then what did she do but hasten
to the open piano and softly begin
tinging, "I wish I were a bird." -
They are looking for a nest now.
A Bankrupt.
Howell That wns a queer petition In
bankruptcy that 'Rowell Died. Powell
Whut was there queer atiQitt It?
Jlowell He. gave bis assets aa one
i wife und his liabilities as aiuuny for
three others. Town Topics,
Achievement.
"Rlghtlelgh says he bus finished the
most dltlh.'iilt part of bis new novel." '
"Found n publisher, has be?" New
Orleujis .Tluies-Ueuiocrat.
INDIA INK SECRET. ""
omethlne- That the West, With All
Its Snleaee, Caaaat Fathom.
With all tbelr modern Improvements
aud all their science, none of the r.d
auced nations has been able to pro
due the equals of the Chinese and
Japanese lacquers or India Inks. Chem
ists, Ink manufacturers and artists
bnve tried for generations to discover
the secret that enables the Chinese,
with primitive processes, to pristine
these materials In such perfect form,
but the secrets still are secrets.
The manufacture of India Ink In
pnrtleulnr has bn tiled all foreigners. It
to made In China today practically i s
It wns made four centuries ago, when
Chen Kl Bonen Invented the process.
The oil to pressed out of the seeds of
a certain plant and then set to simmer,
while the workman adds a mixture of
powdered redwood, grated sandalwood
and seeds of almonds and other pow
ders. After the simmering to ended the re
sult to filtered and set aside for a loin
time to settle. Then It Is put Into tiny
earthen dishes, each of which has u
wick made out of a reed. A great
quantity of these little dishes are set
on bricks, and over each to placed u
funnel shaped clny cover. Then the
wicks are lit, and the soot produced by
the burning mass Is cuught on Its In
side. This to so delicate an operation that
Uie workmen watch the slightest
change lu the weather, for u small dif
ference In temperature will muke a
big difference In the quality of the
Boot The finest soot is prepared In
rooms that are absolutely airtight. If
there lire any 'windows lu them they
are covered with paper pasted over
them so as to close every crack in the
walls.
lOvery little while the workman goes
cautiously to a dish and du ds the gath
ered soot off with n feather. Although
It Is so soft nnd fine that It will float
in the air. It still Is not fine enough for
the Chinamen. They put It through
sieves, nnd only lifter It bus passed
through them Is It considered fit for
mixing with tbe liquid material that
turns it Into India Ink. Nobody out
Bide of the Chinamen In ti e secret
knows whut this liquid substance Is.
After It bos been mixed it Is knead
ed for many hours und then ground
One ugaln lu mortars, which stand In
water baths, so that there shall not bo
the slightest change In the tempera
ture. Then the stuff is shaped Into the
sticks that we know, and It Is beaten
with little hammers until each stick Is
perfect. After this the sticks ure plac
ed Into wooden forms to hurOeu. The
forms have raised letters carved on
them, and these Impress themselves
on the sticks, making the trademarks
which are familiar to all usi rs of In
dia Ink.
Even after the sticks are hard und
appear perfect tbe Chinaman is u.it
satisfied. Each stick is wrapped with
fine silk paper, and then they ure laid
Into a box. The spaces between them
are filled with ashen obtained from
rice strsw. Every duy the ashes ure
taken out aud new ashes put In until
every bit of moisture has been ex
tracted. Then the sticks ure unwrap
ped, brushed, rubbed und Dually pol
ished with a polisher made of agate.
After that the India Ink is consid
ered rendy for the murket I-oulsvlllo
Courier-Journal.
The Boomerang:.
The boomerang Is constructed In ev
ery possible curve from a straight line
to a right angle, the curve Invariably
following the natural grain of the
wood. The upper side is often convex
and the under side flat, both of which,
with o slight movement of rotation a
kind of "screw buck" billiard stroke
help to preserve the axis and plane of
rotation parallel with Itself ou tho prin
ciple of the gyroscope. Thrown for
ward to hit an object some forty yards
HW'iiy, the boomerang slowly ascends,
routing with the Imparted motion, Just
as a kite rises while a boy runs to
aturt It. Then It moves back, taking
the line of least resistance, nud falls
down the Inclined plnne it ascended till
it drops close to or behind the thrower.
Such were the best weapons, ns nil
kinds were used. In India, Africa nn'd
Australia. Nothing but experience of
Its shapes nnd curves nud long prac
tice cnn muster the trick aud poise of
tbff weird weuoou.
nf Tht Btm Eldrtdrt hi tond for lb
v BEST In lhSwln Midline Vorld.
rt . Mere it nw ciaraici nciic
I niftV th" EVER, d Superior 10 all
1 1111 IT others. Prative take-up: KlI wl-
my ling needle; lelf threuliiiR kliuMl)
Yp'lrS automatic teni4ioiirele-;autuuiaiio
1 vaiJ bobbin winder; poailive four motion
.feed; capped netMIe paij uolatleie elf ailjualing
roller bearing wheel, aieel pitman; five ply
laminated woodwork, wilh S beautiful act ol
nickeled alert attachments.
Aak yout dealer for she Improved Flared (ra
'D" and do not buy any niachiue until you have
area it.
National Sewing Machine Co.
BELVIDERE. ILLINOIS.
C. JF. UOFFMAy, AOENT.
KeynolditvUU, Fa,
PENNSYLVANIA HAILUOAD
IIUFFALO A ALLEGHENY VALLEY
DIVISION.
Low Grade Division.
I fired Miy 29, 1904. Ei.t.rn 8tttar Tim
ASTAHI.
No lot
A. M.
STATIONS.
I'lttsburg
Ken llsiik
t.HWMMihmn
Ntiw Mi'thlchi-ni
Oak Hlilue
May uort
Hiimiiifirvllln...
brnokvllln
Iowa
Fuller !
l('-ynilclHVlllti ..
I'mirttHi
FiillxOreek.
IiiiIImIpi
Hiil.tiin
jyinn-rlmrn ...
ffiuifleid. .
Tyler
Mxniierelie. ','
Ornnt.. . .
drift niKid...""
10.113
No, tOI
Nolll
r. a
A. M
A. M.
I 01
P M.
S
IH
o;
IN ill
IH 4l
H ott
t a
t n
to
t AS
to on
10 In
I 1 1ft
1 HO
4 OA
4 in
4 Ml
H ;n
4i
10 l
IK 27
III III
III (I J
11 III
ii un
II 1h
11 44
ii'iM
4 AH
II (14
5 21
12 fd
I n ii.-,
ot in
II liu
HI in
1.1 Mil
ttt il
A AM
0 mi
II 4i
II VI
II 4!
II 4.1
II f.;
UK
"tir,
t) Ift
9 i i
t m
n v
.m
1 Ol,
7 tn
; -iv
7 :l
7 .1-
H III
l:i
H i U.-I
i z
i ;i
I l
t 10
I A
7 IA
tS-l
7 47
'Ml
:7 m
I a ii".
I', a.
A. M
A. M
I'
I M,
Tiiiliili-iliHiiii.liivileiive. I
Ui'il Hunk II in ltn,i,K vll,- 1
I.U, r mix Creek I ill, Hull.. I.
iitiiiu
IV lit.
u. m
.41, It
ynolU
Hvllle
...ad i,
. In
No ion
STATIONS,
llrlflwtMJtl
Ullllll
tli-hm.ituu
Jyler
Felllillflll
WlnieriHirii ....
tlltMll
HiiHoIh
FnllftCreck
t'nm.oimt
KfynolitttVlllH...
Ftillnr
lowu
Hrixikvllle
!uniniervllle.,..
AlHvimrl
UiikKKI
New Hellilehuni
LHWNMtlhlilll
Hed Mil nk
I'illNbiiru
No loil ho 102
No. II
NoIiO
P. H.
ill in
I 8 All
in in.
II 4.V
14 12
1 2
Yi t:
i M
i K
to in
V
A I
7 04
7 10
Ti
7 bo
7 44
t7 47
7 AH
8 I?
IS
8 HO
A 01
A III
S 14
8 27
A 4:i
8 AO
t 00
0 1A
a s:
0 H
8 4ft
7 14
7 2A
I lu
i m
1 w
ii 11
ii 24
S
ja on
...
a in
I 6 Wi
1 10 HI
p. m.
P. M
P, M.
i nun KigfMiimiim lenven Hull. .1-4 10
riillit l.rcek 4.17, Kvii.ilil!,vllle4.;l. llrnnkvllln
p. m.
.ii, Hed Hunk ti.;m. I'ntshiiru .;i ,,. m.
No. JOT ijiilly between I'l 1 1 f,u rx unci lltiBola.
I Hi Miiiilii.vmpiily tiiilu leiivea Driftwood nt
.. in., muxes liulMU iii.oo a.m. lt.turn
inu liiiw-M I in noli p. tu., Hrrve lirlft
wooil .1.40 p. in., Hiuiiplnx ul Intermediate la
I lima.
JTrttlnn marked run dally; dally, except
ui!(lKyst flan Hint Ion, where aiKimla muat be
I'lOWIl.
I'bliadulphia & Erie Railroad DlvUlon
I n effect May Ulltl,, 1U04. Trains loave
Driftwood as follow:
EASTWARD
".iifu mrTml!', "'"'dH.VH, for Hunbury,
ivilki-lmtie. II. ..!.!. u,, I'oitsvliie.r'craiium
.larri-iuiiK ii,i the liilentiulat Hta
iiimih arrlvlnu in, J'liiliuielphia p.m..
V'W'orlt.rsVip.lii.j lliiltlmoro.BillO p.Dl.J
MiBliinpt, ui, 7:i p. i fullmaii Parlor car
lioiu 111 In rrr-,r t to I'lilliutuliitila and paa-
"'"."!.'' i',',""'h''B K""" lo I'hlladelph.a
huh Uliiiiibp.it t to Ualilniiire and Waah
I ii ff tori.
I ! .D p. m. Train . dully for Huiibiiry, Har
i.ii.iii anil priiieipai InliTim-iiUle Mailon.
i.irlyiin at l'lillnlelp,ia 7:ij p, m New"
lurk ni:-.M p. i,,., Italil!iior7r30p.in., W anti
union nm, p. i, Vellbiiled parlor car
and mseiiirer-.mi-hes, llutlalo to Philadel
phia und WuhIiIiikuiii.
4:.l p. m.-'lriilii tl, dally, for Har-i-UIiiii
mul Intermediate atutlons, ar-
r. vliic at I'hlli Iplna 4:4 a. n : New York,
7.1.1 a M.i llitliliiiiue, 2.JO a. m.; WaHhlnKtoa
d.. a. m. I'lillmiiii Cleepinit rani from
HiirrHlitirp; to Philadelphia an t New York.
I ulla . 'Iplilu pntseniferM can remain In
f leeu-r uiiillHtoi hi-il u ii 1 11 7:i!0 A. M.
Il,:tn p...-.-Tiiil,i 4.iliilly f.,r Hunbury, Harrla
'.'.'.".C In'n'ii' nliili! Htatlon arriving at
Phllii .p,K, 7:17 A. M. Ne York,
A. m. week duy i, nd lu.:w . n Buu
diiy; It ililiiiore, :15a. m.; Was tlindon, H.dO
i" j, "llii'i'ii Mlii.ier from Erin,
",MI,""i"f 'o Philadelphia, and
will In tirMKii-t to Wu-.bli.Kion Pasnenirer
Krl" 'o Philadelphia, aud
Willi:, iusiK.it to llultlmore.
l'-!:41p.i,i.-r,iilit 14. unity f,,r Sunliury, H uro
bilin and principal lnteitiiedliiteatat!uii,ar
riv lux at Philadelphia 7:; a. ni New York
0 ? "' WM'HdayH, 10..i a. rn., (Sunday)
1 alt more 7:W a. m., Wahltiii,m, S:4 m.
Ventlbtiled buffet HleepInK nam and naa
"er nomjheH, llutlalo to Philadelphia and
WE8TWAKI1
l:m a. m. Train 7, dully for Buffalo 1
hmporlum.
:4I a. m. Train , dally for Erie, Rldg
wh, and week dnya fur ftulloia, Clermont
nnd principal Intermediate station
4:80 . m. Train i, dally for Erie and Inter
mediate polnta.
3:4ft p. m.-Traln H, dally for Buffalo Tl
r.mporium.
J:4sp . in... Train (I, weekday! for Kane and
lnlrniedlalatatlona.
JOIINSONBURQ RAILROAD.
p. rn.
WEEKDAYS.
a. m.
d lift
il -U
i M
;i n
i li
4 07
i Ml
'I 40
i M
ar (.'h.rmont Iv
Wood vale
(Joliiwood
bu.llh'a Kim
lliHtanter
Mtrulvht
Glen llii.el
JohiiHonburK
Iv Kl.lKwiiy ar
10 40
10 4A
II) AO
10 AA
11 02
II 07
II ID
IKIA
U 01
RlDGWAY ,V Cl.EARFlF.LD RAILROAD
and Coniitictitms.
p.m. p.m. a.m. a. m p.m. p.m.
7 30 1 10 -it) ar ltltlirway Iv tl AO 12 OA OA
7 0 1 An a no Mill Haven 7 01 12 18 4 is
, ti, w ib, i.royiutiu 7 1U 13 J4
7 OA ... AAA Hhi.rl. Mill. 7 18 12 2
7 01 40 H Al lll.ie H, k 7 M 12 SI
i ?J ! :!I K 7 . 1 7 23 u a
14. 127 HII7 Bn'kwi,vVl 7 M 12 48
14.1 1 2a h ,u t.iwicH AfuiH 7 ar u 80
8 an ... H :) Mr.Minu Suit. 7 41 ...
4 28
4 ;i4
4 as
4 48
4 Ail
4 AT
0 lift lift H lift Harvey. Hint 7 4 ft I 00 A ul
o ,i I ill H jo iv I'Hlla ("knr 7 All lul tat
1 10 12 .V.
NJIH Iv III. Ilnl .,r H HI JS A, ill
Sill) lift s:i ur K.illt-fk Iv 7 ftft 1 TC
10
ift 12 ftj A 9 Kevti.,ldvllle H un lii in
ft 3 12 24 8 0S lli.uikvllle H aft I Ao 01)
! ,4J N;; HethPm 9 2n i 4A
4 08 11 08 Ki d hunk 10 Ul 8 20 T 2a
I 40 v uo Iv PliiHbtiriiar 12 ar ft as l 10
p.m. a.m a.m. . p.m, n.Bi.p.10,,
For tlur tiihlea and additional Informal!..
Coiiault tlt-liel aifenlH.
W. W. ATTKIllll liV, J. R. WOOT.
lien I M.ii.ii.'er. Piih. Traltlc Sfirr
GEO. W. UOYII, Gen'l PaH.etiKer A Vtl
pITTSBUKG, CLARION" & SUM-
A MEItVILLK RAILROAD.
Piihuenirer Train Sebeilule. Flint CU'aTralna.
Pally exeept Mn.iiuy, i oi.tiei-liun with P. K.
H. 1 rutin. ul huinuii rvllle.
DOING CAHT.
No. I. No. 3. No. 8,
Clarion, leave,' T .An a.m. II. 10a in. 4 .ft b m.
J'ttutioiville, Him tl. ; 4 2tt u in
Wateiiu, h I J " li.irj 4 :ix p.n,.
r.ir-... h h. 'H 11,4,1 4 M p ui
ruiiime rvllle, ai.4U " 12. 110 S.Wp.in,
UII1M1 V, K.NT.
No. 2. No. 4. No. I.
"illniiiervllle. Iv, M u rn. 12 20 p 111. tt iOp iu.
C'ontli'it, V 14 " 12. in " 8 .at "
Walerwip.1 .:! " 12.411 ' 1411 '
StrattoBvllle. t'.ia I'D 7i
L'lui-ion, arrive, Ii..-., " - 1 lu " 7.10
In elTeet Oetohei- 17, mill. For further Infor
mation address the Cou.uany'a yeneral olllc
at HrookvllUi, Pa.
If you have anything to sell, try
our Want Column,
.... A Till
. . TO) III
.... a.
.... il mi
.... 7 mi
.... 7 or.
... 7 Ii
II tl'i 7 .H
II IJ 7 A..
ii in ....
;m h o
II 4 i iil
0 i',4 ....
7 in. H ;
7 l !! 4'l
7 ;it on
7 41 I -J
7 Al 0 -.11
il 47
Ii :i'. Ill Hi
II is Hi if,
A. M.H. III.
l