PUTTING PINS IN THE PAPERS.
Two Uttla Glrla Feed Them Into an
Ingenious Machine.
According to the Morrlam cptisus,
thoro wore used In thcut! United States
during; the yrar Jfn0 no lms thnn 1.
000.000.000 pins. This count excludes
hair pins, safety pins and others,
which for various reasons, bear the
common family name, and confines
Itself merely to the familiar and nec
pssary adjunct of the every day toilet.
The first pins made in this country
were very crude indeed, merely a bit
of wire twisted Into a knot for a
head at oms end and sharpened to a
point at the other. ThoJr successors
of to-day undergo a surprising variety
of operations before they are consid
ered fit for use. In comparison with
the size of tho object manufactured
the operations seem bewllclorinRly nu
merous, but If there be one process
more remarkable than another It Is
"Fperlng the pin." The papers, hav
ing been passed through an insertions
machine, which, at regular Intervals,
according to the size of the pin,
pinches p a fold and pricks a hole In
It. are ready to receive tho pins. For
this purpose there Is another machine,
worked by two children. One feeds
the pins, the other the papers. The
first part of the machlnw is a box
about 12 inches long, six broad and
four deep. The bottom Is composed
of small square steel bars, sufficiently
far apart to let the shank of the pin
fall through, but not the head. These
bars are just as thick as the spar
between papered pins.- The lower part
of the bottom of the box Is mafle to
detach Itself as soon as the row of
pins Is complete. Row after row, at
regular Intervals. Is received and
passed down a corresponding set of
grooves, until It reaches the ready
pricked paper. By the nicest possi
ble adjustment these pins come exact
ly to their places and are pressed into
thm. By this method two little girls
can In one day put up many thous
ands of papers.
HEAT AND WATCH CRYSTALS.
More are Broken In the 8ummer Than
at Any Other Time.
"What Is the matter with your crys
tals?" asked the summer man of the
Jeweler. "You put a new crystal on
my watch last week, and now It's
broken. Is It the heat?" The Broad
way (N. Y.) watchmaker carefully
brushes the face of the watch, and
started to put a new face on the dial
"No. the heat does not affect a crys
tal." he replied. "Glass Is not con
tracted or expanded by hot or com
weather. You probably carry your
watch In your little trouser pocket
next to your belt. You lean againsT
It and you help along the business.
W put on more crystals In the hot
days of July and August and on
women watches, too than we do In
the other 10 months of the year."
Mills In Japan.
All mlllB in Japan run day and
night, the change of hands being made
at noon and midnight. In one mill at
Osaka 26,000 workers are under IB
years of age and operate only 3.701'
spindles. In this country S00 persons
operate that number. In the Lowell
mill of 4.iK)0 looms ana lzs.uim spin
dies there are 700 male and 1,500 fe
male operators. In Japan It would
require 12.000 persons to no this woric
The wages, however. In Japan are 15
cents per day for a man and 9V4 centi
for a woman.
Power la Cheap In the West
The melting snows and glaciers ol
the RockieB and petroleum now fur
nish such abundant power for San
Francisco that the cost of one horse
power one hour Is just 2 cents.
Royalty Is Expensive.
The executive office of the United
States calls for only 1112,000 a year,
while England gives the royal family
14,000,000.
FITS permanently oured.No fits ornervons
ness after tint dnv's use of Dr. Kline's Orent
KerveHeiitorer.t'itrlnl bottle and treutlsofros
Dr. K. H. Kline, Ltd., 881 Arch St., l'tUo.,I'
Thermometer used by physicists show a
change of a millionth of degree.
Ladles Can Wear Shoe
One sin smaller after uslns Allen's Font-
Ease, a powder. It makes tlRht or new ahoes
any. Cure swollen, hot, sweating, aching
lent. Incrowlne nails, corns ana Dunlona. At
11 druitglstH and shoe stores, 25o. Don't ac
cept nny substitute. Trlul rackai?e Free liy
mall. Addrens, Allen P. Olmsted, Loltoy, N.Y.
The art of glypties. engraving on precious
atones, is Being revived in franco.'
lira. Wuulow's SootbtngSyrup for shlldrsa
tMtuing,sottentue kuiiib, reduces lnflamma
lion, lluy pain, cure wind eolie, U&o. a bottle
' Italy lias 03,701 acres of orange and
lemon groves containing 16,730,907 trees.
I'Iao'bCu re Uthe best medicine we ever nosd
lor alt affections ot throat and lungs. Wh.
il. Ewislki, Vnubuinn, Intl., Feb. 10, WOO.
Electric railways kill 100 persons a mouth.
Coughing
" I was given up to die with
quick consumption. I then began
to use Aycr's Cherry Pectoral. I
improved at once, and am now in
perfect health." Chas. E. Hart
man, Glbbstown, N. Y.
It's too risky, playing
with your cough.
The first thing you
know it will be down
deep in your lungs and
the play will be over. Be
gin early with Ayer's
Cherry Pectoral and stop
the cough.
Tins shu I Uc, Mb, II. All sraulsU.
Oooault jour doctor. If ha any take It,
than do as ha saya. It ha tella 7011 not
to lake It, than don't Uka It. Ha known.
Leave It wltb him. Wa are willing.
J. U. CO., Lowell, Haas.
Lice Troubling Pigs.
It Is not unusual for swine, and par
ticularly the young pigs, to be afflicted
with lice, and the trouble Is usually
due to unclean quarters. If the pigs
are constantly scratching they should
be examined closely for lice, and It
the vormln aro found tho pigs should
bo taken from the pen and the latter
thoroughly cleaned. 8crub the pen
thoroughly and then whitewash It.
The pigs should also be scrubbed with
a solution of sulphur or by using some
of tho sheep dips, of which there are
many good ones on the market. If no
lice aro found on the pigs, then the
trouble generally comes from Improper
feeding of the sow while she Is nurs
ing. If this Is thought to be the case.
cut the corn out of the ration for the
sow and feed her largely on middlings,
bran and mlllt for a while. Clean the
pigs with the sheep dip. as suggested,
which will allny the Irritation. Indian
apolis News.
Humus for the Sol I.
The black prairie lands from long
years of rotting vegetation were origin
ally rich In humus, much more so than
heavy clay land. Rut even the prairie
lands, when farmed long without re
turn of manures, show a want of fer
tility in production. The growth ot
clover, cowpean and othor legume
cannot be too strongly urged for the
purposo of restoring hum lis on old
lands. Some experiments in New York
are referred to, r.howlng that lands
supplied with nitrates and humus by
Btich cultivation, resisted drouth much
better than any others. A field was
planted with several different grains,
and varying quantities of humus were
supplied In different parts of the field.
Where the humus was most plentiful
the grains were heavier and of a much
darker color, with great vigor of
growth, and were little affected by
severe Jry weather. In portions where
but little humus was supplied the
growth was small, the plants were
light in color and toon succumbed to
the drouth. Indianapolis News.
Nutritious Elements of Milk.
Milk is valuable according to its con
stituent elements, and should really
be sold according to Its quality. Instead
of quantity. And in basing the value
of the milk upon quality, it is not to
bo inferred that cream alone Bhould be
the standard of measurement. It is
a plain fact that it is not always the
richest milk in cream that is the most
nutritious, but a combination of cream
and other nutritious substances that
serve to make the whole a complete
article of food. The cow tih&l gives
ten quarts of milk containing 12 per
cent of nutritious matter is fully equal
to one that yields 20 que.rts contain
ing only six percent of nutritious mat
ter; but, unfortunately, the dairyman
Is not always compensated for the
difference in quality, although the actu
al cost of the ten quarts from one cow
exactly equals the 20 quarts from the
other. This is an important matter,
and largely enters Into the profit and
loss account, for, though apparently
imperceptible, yet the fact exists and
should receive consideration. Many
good cows are often condemned for
yielding small supplies, when, in fact,
the production of the milk from them.
If sold according to quality, would
render them the most valuable ani
mals in the herd.
Hints for Duck Raisers.
For the young ducks the houses
should be in good shape. See that
there are no leaky roofs or poor floors.
The floors should be made of good
boards raised a few inches off the
ground. Do not feed the ducklings
In their houses, unless the weather
Is too bad to feed outa.'de. A good
plan is to have the floors covered an
Inch deep with sand, which should be
changed often; over the sand put an
Inch or so of clean hay or litter. If
the sand cannot bo had, the floors will
need to be cleaned, more or loss, every
day, because the moisture will soak
through the boddlng. Remove the lit
ter and scatter coal ashej over the
doors; let remain for about half an
hour, then scrape up the ashes and
sweep the floors; nearly all the mois
ture will be taken up by the ashes. Let
dry out and then put in fresh bedding.
Of course the ducklings must bo put
Into separate pens while this work is
going on. Now In regard to water, if
the food cannot be given in water, a
vessel of fresh water should be placed
convenient, so the ducks can drink
and rinse their beaks at will. As soon
as they are done eating, empty out
the water and replace with fresh, for
ducklings make such a muss that
frenh water must bo provided often.
Clarlnda L. Burns, in The Epitomist.
Forcing Beets In Hothouses.
The early cprlng new beets are in
demand in the markets of large citle3
and frequently bring fancy prices, con
sequently they are a good crop for the
northern market gardener to grow,
who has plenty cf hothouse room. To
grow boets large enough to market in
March, they must be started In a good
seed bed in a greenhouse early in Jan
uary. The soods may be sown broad
cast in a bed or by drilling In rows
about threo Inches apart. The latte
method I prefer. The seeds should
be covered at least one-half inch deep,
and deeper is better. After the seeds
ar nicely up and have commenced to
grow, the plants should be thinned to
a half an inch or an inch apart in rows.
In this way they can grow until three
or four inches high, when they are
ready for the permanent beds.
BeoM are strong feeders and require
a very rich soil. A house in which a
crop of lettuce has been grown and
was heavily manured at setting tlmo,
makes a good place. Another applica
tion of well-rotted stable manure
spaded in helps the crop along and a
sprinkling of some good commercial
fertilizer in. addition is a benefit.
Nitrate of soda sown broadcast over
the bed followed by a good woterlng,
when the beets are about half grown,
hastens their maturity.
Tho rows should bo made ten or IS
Inches apart and the beet plants trans
planted three or four Inches apart in
rows. A polnteJ stick is a good tool
to use In transplanting. Make a hole
deep enough to allow the roots of the
beet to go down straight to seed
loaves. The dirt should be brought
against the roots firmly by crowding
the pointed stick down alongside of
the roots and pressing the dirt against
them. Tho bottom of the hole should
be well filled, for unless it Is an air
space is left and the beets do not
grow as well. After they are trans
planted the ground should be kept in
a moist condition and loosened up fre
quently to keep the beets growing
rapidly. When about half grown, run
ning the finger around the beet and
pushing the dirt away from it hastens
its maturity.
Beets stand quite a good deal of Beat
and the house can be kept as worm as
is Jeslred. Like radishes, it is better
to start the crops under rather a low
temperature, increasing the heat after
the crop has got nicely to growing. If
good, thrifty plants are set, six weeks
is sufficient to grow the crop. The re
maining beets grow faster aftor part
of them are pulled.
Beets in early spring, two and one.
half inches in diameter, are considered
No. 1 if smooth and symmetrical. Four
of them tied together are sufficient for
a bunch and five dozen bunches can
easily be shipped In a celery box. In
preparing for market after pulling,
they should be looked over, one by one,
the broken tops removed also all yel
low and dried leaves. The beets Bhould
be bunched to run as uniformly in
size as possible and washed clean af
ter bunching. A. L. Latham, in Ameri
can Agriculturist.
Building Up a Garden Soil.
Having some years since purchased
and removed to a new place in our
village I found myself confronted with
the fact that I had no suitable place
for a garden.
Now a garden of greater or less
dimensions has always been to me one
of the actual necessities, hence I be
gan at once to cast about as to how
to overcome the obstacles to success
along the line.
The lot I had purchased and upon
which my present residence is built
being so located that the whole lot had
to be filled and gTaded up to the depth
of several feet of course none of the
original soil remained at the surface.
And the filling having been (on the
part where I desired to make my vege
table garden) all done from a bank ad
jncent composed of an almost clear
gravel with an admixture of sand it
really amounted to simply a gravel
bank on which to construct if that is
the proper expression a garden soil.
Of course I might if I could find the
place from which to procure it have
had a surface soil suited to gardening
drawn and covered over the garden
plot.
But I knew of no place where I could
obtain such soil and even if I could it
would have been expensive to hire it
carted for this purpose and I decided
to try if I could not secure the desired
results by making the addition to this
gravel of the elements necessary for
producing and sustaining a growth ot
garden crops.
First off then I knew that It would
be important in a soil constituted so
largely of clean gravel as was this to
add largely of humus in some form
and to this end I made a heavy ap
plication of partially rotted stable ma
nure but coarse enough that It con
tained a large proportion of decay In
vegetation.
This I supplemented with a. heavy
application of a commercial fertilizer
containing a large percentage of nitro
gen and phosphoric acid but low In
potash as I had an abundant supply of
wood ashes which I used for that ele
ment furnishing it thus more cheaply
than I could in any other form.
Then upon the surface I used a
heavy mulch of stable manure about
all the coarser growing vegetables,
this helping to retain tho moisture and
at tho same time making a gradual but
continuous addition of humus in the
process of decay.
The first season's growth was fairly
satisfactory although the season was
a dry one and the soli of course was
somewhat lacking in retentive power
but the following year a repetition of
the application of a generous top
dressing of stable manure in combin
ation wiih the uodecayed portions of
the mulch applied the previous season
seemed to perceptibly increase the hu
mus contents of the coll and the gar
den crops grown thereon this second
year were very satisfactory.
And the past season's growth the
third in succession from the starting
point has been so entirely satisfactory
with all classes of vegetables grown
as to warrant me in recommending a
trial of this method of soil building to
any who may have occasion to try a
like experiment.
As I have sold the growth of all
vegetables thereon has been most sat
isfactory and successful and with soma
such as melons, early cucumbers, to
matoes, sweet corn, etc., requiring a
worm soil the results have been par
ticularly satisfactory- B. J. Brownell,
in Farm, Field and Fireside.
It's generally the people who know
the least that tell the most.
GROWTH OF A MU8KELLUNQE.
A Fish That Will Live and Do Well In
Utter Loneliness.
The fact that a fish will live and do
well In utter loneliness, a far as the
presence of any Individuals of its own
npecles is concerned, has been proved
in Long Lnko, Price County, Wis.
That is a deep and beaultful body ot
water, spring-fed, and having no ctrti
nectlon with any other body of water
connected with the Mississippi, and
therefore It has no mnskellunge In it
by processes of nature. It does net
differ In character from neighboring
lakes, but there have somo sort of out
lot into the Mississippi and are musket
lungo stocked.
Seven years ago Hugh Boyd, when
fishing in Bound lake, half a mile from
Long lake, caught a slender young
muskellunge weighing not more than
a pound. Me brought It across the
portage between the, lakes and dumped
it Into Long lake. It was In prime
condition and disappeared like a flash.
From that day no man saw or hearj
of this muskellunge. There are many
anglers on Ixmg lake each summer,
slnco It Is populous with bass. They
cast and cast through all of the good
months, using spoons, minnows, frogs
and all other lures.
It is hardly possible that a square
foot of the lake's surface remained
unwhlpped. Most of thorn did not
know that a muskellunge had been put
Into the water. Boyd supposed thnt
the fish had died and been devoured.
On May 26, the first day of the bass
fishing season, Al W. Fllson of Chica
go, with Ashing at the south end of
Long lake, within a hundred yards of
(he boat landing whence the little
muskellunge was dropped seven years
Ago. His reel had over-run, and while
he was straightening the snarls in
his line the spoon, loaded with a bit of
pork, sank to the bottom. The boat
was not more than ten yards from the
shore.
Getting the line unklnked, Fllson
reeled In and the spoon came straight
up to the boat's side. As it reached
the surface the muskellunge struck at
It. It had rushed upward a good ten
feet and hit hard. The impetus was
sufficient to carry It two feet clear of
the water. It missed the spoon by six
Inches and fell back.
An excellent view of the fish was ob
tained and an accurate estimate of
Its size and weight can be made. It is
now not less than two feet long and is
of considerable girth. It is of the size
of muskellunge frequently caught in
these waters and will weigh 12 pounds,
possibly 13.
This will give an idea of the speed
Tlth which a muskellunge Increases
in length and weight when in a state
of freedom, and is probably the first
estimate of the kind. This fish, getting
plenty to eat, but no companionship.
monarch of all It surveyed, has doubled
Its length in seven years and multi
plied Hb weight by 12. It has grown in
weight approximately one and three-
quarters pounds a year.
It, of courso, has grown more slowly
of late yenrs. Probably for four years
past it has not Increased by more than
a pound a year, and it is reasonable
to conclude that It wll maintain that
rate until Its full growth Is reached
From these data It Is possible to
form some Idea of the age of big
muskellunge. This fish will bo 15 years
old when it weighs 20 pounds, and If It
reaches a size ot 30 pounds it will be
25. On this basis the hoary monster
of 103 pounds captured at Mlnocqua
last spring was 08, supposing hat Ash
at this family grow in weight at about
the same speed in similar waters.
The anglers who frequent Long lake
will make many efforts to hook the
solitary musky hereafter and will
weigh it and return it to the water
year after year if it Is caught. In this
way it can be watched and annotated
like a fish in an aquarium. Chicago
Inter Ocean.
Mistakes of Two Queens.
Marie Antoinette, escaping from the
Tulllerles, turned to the right Instead
ot to the left after passing the inner
arch. She lost her way, lost time and
by this means lost her own head and
the head of Louts XVI. So the story
at Carlyle runs.
Queen Draga of Servla, according to
the cable news of the nous, meant to
ieave Belgrade, but waited for a going
away gown, being anxtcus that, as a
fugitive, she should appear in beconv
ing attire. It was a fatal delay. The
Quoen and Alexander fell in the pal
ace, victims of "nothing to wear."
There are many gaps in tho hedge
which the divinity of tradition spreads
about royalty. And spiteful small cir
cumstance slips easily through with
fateful large results. Besides which,
it appears that he must be a wise king
who can fore-reckon with the false
step or felly ot his queen. New York
World,
Preventing Heatstroke.
The author of tho artlcH on sun
strokeor, mere correctly, heatstroke
In Tropical Medicine says that In
the prevailing treatment of heatstroke
the bead and spinal cord must be prop
erly protected, tho dress must be loose
around the nock, chest and abdomen,
As curative measures the patient
should be moved into the shade, it pos
slljle, his clothes loosened and ccld
wator poured on the head and neck,
and frequently repeated. Ammonia
should alHo be applied to tho nostrlisj
a turpentine enema administered and
a large mustard poultice applied to
tne chest. The author states that ice
should not be applied to the head
when the pulse is feeble and the skin
cold. Chloroform is Indicated if con
vulsions occur, administering only a
tew whiffs.
When a man announces that bs feels
Its young as he ever did it's a pretty
sure sign that lie's growing old.
A Point to Keep in Mind.
All breads and cakes must be very
light and porous to be digestible, and
batter breads or cakes must be espe
cially light and delicate to be enjoyed,
says the Philadelphia Inquirer. While
eggs, baking powder and yeast are
used for this purpose, much depends
on the amount and thoroughness ot
the beating they receive. The object
should be to force as much air ns pos
sible, especially in the thick bolters. In
order to separate the solid particles
and give an evenness of grain. While
a batter may be made thick enough
to 0,1'pp from a spoon and keep its
Bhape on r. griddle or baking tin, It Is
to soft to knead. The liquid used
In a batter should be added to the
dry ingredients and stirred tn gradual
ly to prevent the batter becoming
lumpy.
A Bedroom Bookcase.
A pretty bookcase for a bedroom, or
a cupboard for a few choice cups and
saucers, can be made from four ob
long boxes about 12 Inches by 8 Inches.
Put one of the boxes on top of the
other, having the top one meet the
outside edge exactly, but standing on
its smaller end. Screw the boxes to
gether In the centers. Put the other
two boxes together evenly and screw.
Then screw the two pieces together
through the sides. Stain with pones
or mahogany or paint white. Buy a
small brass rod or use curtain wire
instead of a rod. Make a sllkollne
curtain the depth of the lower boxes,
and not quite so long, and pull back
about halfway.
Odd pieces of furniture are much
In request at the present time, and
the quainter or more old-fashioned the
design the Burcr it Is ot being appre
ciated. Bookcases of this kind can
be easily made In dark-colored oak.
London Express.
Valuable Cleaning Mixture.
Those who have found gasoline un
satisfactory for cleaning purposes will
not be disappointed In the following
mixture: One pint gasoline, two table
spoons alcohol, two tablespoons am
monia. For cleaning black dress goods
to be washed, take each piece of a flat
surface, as ot a table or Ironing board,
placed where the light Is good, and
after thoroughly brushing with whisk
broom, scrape each spot with a knife,
then brush, then scrape again, finish
ing by rubbing well with a piece of
black flannel, or, better, with a wool
stocking. You will be surprised to
find that many spots can be entirely
removed in this way. Gather In the
hand all the soiled places thnt re
main and dip them In the fluid. Then
prepnro a warm suds, wash the gtiods,
wring lightly, rlnBe In warm water,
drain on the line whllo the irons are
heating, iron on wrong side while en
tirely damp using if possible a flannel
Ironing cloth. This fluid may be used
even in cleaning soiled whlto kids, af
terward rinsing them in clear gasoline.
A wool stocking better than any other
article will clean the dust from black
silk in a skirt or dress. The fluid
given is also excellent for lace, which,
If heavy or much foiled, may first be
dipped In kerosene, then in the fluid,
and then be washed in a little suds,
carefully pulled into place and when
dry or nearly so, ironed on the wrong
side. Do not be afraid to try this for
the finest hand-made work. The
Household Ledger.
Recipes,
Strawberry Jam. Mash together
equal weights of tho berries and Biigar,
and boll it slowly for half an hour.
Keep an asbestos mat under the ket
tle to prevent sticking. It must be
watched carefully to prevent scorching.
8ardlne Sslad. Put one dozen bone
less sardines In a colander and pour
boiling water over them to remove
the oil; then put on Ice until firm; line
a salad bowl with crisp lettuce leaves
and lay the sardines over them;
sprinkle over them two hard boiled
eggs and serve with a Freach dress
ing. Cream Dressing. Mix half a tea
spoonful of salt, half a tablespoon of
mustard, half a tablespoon of sugar,
one egg well beaten, two tablespoon
fuls of melted butter, three-fourths cup
of cream or milk and one-fourth cup of
vinegar, adding It very slowly; cook
over boiling water, stirring constantly
until it thickens; strain and cool.
Strawberry Jelly. Use firm, perfect,
slightly under-ripe fruit. Lay aside
about half, and press the Juice from
the rest. Strain, and to each pint of
Juice allow one pou " "f sugar. Weigh
the berries, put aside and add to them
the same weight of sugar. Boll the
Juice about 20 minutes, add the sugar,
which should bo heated in the oven,
and boll 15 minutes longer. Add the
mixed fruit and sugar to the Jolly and
simmer a few minutes longer. 8aa
when cold.
iak Pudding Line a pudding
'dlbii with a crust made of chopped
Buet and flour mixed with wntor; roll
out on a floured board an Inch thick;
cut up one pound of round steak and
sprinkle with flour, salt and pepper;
chop very flno one slice of onion; put
all Into the lined basin; add one cup
of water; covor with the remaining
crust and tie in a well floured cloth;
put tills Into a large pan of boiling
water and let boll two and three-quart
er ho:irs.
A BIT OF HI8TORV,
How the La Plata Provinces Wars
Lost to England Forever.
Buenos Aires, meaning "good airs'
or "healthful winds," was named b"
on old Spanish explorer and freeboot
er, Pedro do Mendoza, who founded
the city In the year 1535. The win
blowing In from the pampas was cer
tainly good, but not so the flat, swam
py piece of groun.l that he selected
for a town. Yet the little settlement
grew, despite its surroundings, de
spite the lack ot a harbor, despite a
century of Indian wars and over two
and a half centuries of Spanish mis
rule. It grew and prospered until, la
1776 an easy date for you to remem
ber It became the capital of the great
Spanish vlceroyalty of La Plata, which
comprised what Is now Argentina, Bo
livia, Paraguay and Uruguay. Just
one hundred years sgo Buenos Atres's
population hod reached fifty thousand,
which seems quite remarkable when
one considers the vexatious taxes and
restrictions Imposed on her colonies.
In 18n5 occurred the British Invasion
under Major-Oeneral afterward Vis
count) William 'Carr Beresford, an
event that nearly changed the destiny
of half a continent. For "the Purple
Land thnt England lost," as a writer
styles the La Plata countries, would
probably have been British today, like
Cape Colony, or, at least English
speaking, had Bcresford held the city
he so easily captured.
England fend Spain were at war at
this time, Spain being the ally of Na
poleon. Bcresford, who had been sta
tioned at Cape of Good Hope, thought
he would aid his country by seizing a
Spanish colony, and Impulsively sot
sail for the Rio do la Plata with about
1600 men. Arrived oft Buenos Aires,
he took the city quite by surprise, and
captured It easily. But the people were
not Inclined to submit to a mere hand
ful of Ingleses (Englishmen), and after
a few weeks' preparation they ad
vanced upon the invaders and soon
overwhelmed them. The fighting oc
curred in the Plaza M&yor, the princi
pal square of the city, where Beresford
was intrenched, and this square has
ever since been known as the Plaza
Victoria, while adjacent streets, such
as Defensa (Defense), Reconqulsta
(Reconquest), and a few others, wero
renamed In honor of the victory.
But Great Britain, unwilling to lose
such a prize, sent a much larger force,
under General Whltelocke, to recap
ture the city. This expedition, how
ever, ended much more disastrously.
WhltQlocke, through his Incompetency,
lost half his men and had to withdraw
to his ships; and, to complete his dis
grace, he surrendered Montevideo, the
city across the rlvei" now the capital
of Uruguay which had been gallantly
captured by a separate force. Thus
the La Plata provinces) were lost to
England forever. From "Buenos
Aires" in St Nicholas.
The Food Factor In Education.
"Over pressure" in education has
now for some time been made the
thome of endless discussion. This
crusade ngalnr.t modern methods of
training tho rising generation has not
been undertaken without valid cause.
The youth of great cltlos throughout
the world are crammed with knowl
edge much of which Is more or less
useless while their physical condi
tion Is neglected. Tho consequence Is
that the urban population Is degener
ating tn physique and constitution, and
is becoming every year loss fitted to
fight successfully the battle of life. In
the British Medical Journal . is an
article which, although allowing that
the present tendency to overload the
minds of the young produces many
evil effects, yet contends that insuffi
cient food is a factor of much import
ance in the production of ill-health.
And that the diet of growing children
Is generally inadequate, both as re
gards quantity and quality. Dr. Clem
ent Dukes, a distinguished authority
on school hyglcno, states that the av
erage schoolboy requires meat twice
a day, and suggests that the Innumer
able potty misdemeanors of boys may
bo due to Insufficient nourishment.
Underfeeding is especially noticeable
in the case of girls. Dr. Newaholme
points out that girls thus underfed of
ten get into the habit of relying on
bread and butter and puddings to the
almost complete exclusion of meat ana.
other nitrogenous food. Tho conelu
slon arrived at from a consideration
and comparison of diets in various
icbools in England and France, Is that"
as a rule, not enough nitrogenous food
Is given, and that girls are generally
underfed. In these days, when exam
inations are harder and competition
more acute than ever before, the strain
upon the mental faculties and upon
the nervous system of those at school
and college, Is exceptlonaly severe,
and in order to preserve good health,
the necessities of the body must be
carefully looked after. The young
men then, when studying hard should
not only bo given only sufficient food,
but suitable food. Medical Record.
Nickel Steel Raits Successful.
The value cf rails of nickel steel has
been so effectually demonstrated thnt
largo orders ore being given In many
directions. More than 1000 tons of
nickel steel rails, eighty-five pounds to
tho yard, have been laid by ono rail
road company this spring on curves
where traffic is heavy. This rail, when
experiments were being made, gave
good results, the wear being very
much less than with the ' ordinary
llessomer steel. It Is considerably
harder, and, although more expensive,
hn proved more economical in the
oinl. In ono test nickel steel was laid
In 1897, and new Bessemer steel in
1898. In 1902 the latter had to be re
newed, while the nickel steel appeared,
good for several more years of ser
vies. Philadelphia Record,
Welding of Aluminum.
The welding of alumlnun is said ttf
) hepn recently accomplished lis
Germany. Thla metel, because of It
brtttlcnots and disintegrative quail '
Jes when near melting pclnt, has betnx
very difllcult to weld. The German
Inventor declares thnt at a tempera
ture Just below Incandescence, tire
metal suftens sufficiently to make
welding possible. At this tempera
lure aluminum does not oxidize, and
flux Is, therefore, not tvqulred. Per
fect welds aro raid to have been priv
duced, bclog equal In strength to tho
body ot tho bar.
The Size of an Atom.
The microscopes of to-day will re
veal a particle the half-milllonth of an
Inch In diameter. The size of an atom
may be Judged when It Is said that
each of such particles probably con
tain at least 6,000,000 atoms.
Liver Pills
That's what you need; some
thing to cure your biliousness,
ond regulate your bowels. You
need Aycr's Pills. Vegetable;
gently laxative.
J.O.Ayr
Lowell, 1
Want your moustache or beard
a beautiful brown or rich black? Use
BUCKINGHAM'S DYE
nm CTfl PFPrtrr!t n. r. nut. ro., mnr a, ft .
RIpnnsTnhulesars
the best dyspepsia
H'dlcine ever made.
A hundred millions
of them have been
sold la the United
Stales in a single
year. Every Illness
arising; from a disordered stomnch is
relieved or cured by their use. So
common is it thnt diseases originate
from the stomach It may be snfely as
serted there is no condition of III
health that will not be benefited or
cured by the occasional use of HI pans
Talmles. Physicians know them and
speak highly of them. All druggists
sell them. The five-cent package is
enough for an ordinary occasion, and
the Family Bottle, sixty cents, contains
a household supply for A year. One
generally gives relief within twenty
minutes.
'" Ceaeerets fr !nirinls. artta
which 1 hare been efflttte.1 for nver twnmy yeftra.
an'l I can aey that Cairarela barn tlven ma nor
relief than any other remriljr have erer tried. I
MiBf all alia ata rayrsiented."
Tuoa. Olllard, Ellin, III.
Best Tor
The Dowels
Ptaaaan. PalataMa. Potent. Taate, 0n . Po Ono.
Hatar Hlekan, Weaken firnrlp... I0o, llr.Wn. Nerei
aol. I In bulk. Th "M!Hna tablet tanipaU V (J 0.
Uuaraulaaii to aura or your uiuuey buck.
Sterling Rtmtdjr Co., Chicago or N.Y. 597
ANNUAL SALE. TEN MILLION BOXES
The University of Notre Daraa
NOTRE DAME, INDIANA.
Fl'f.I,
'M. t.OrilF IN ('Ira, lM.cra,
nnenlra and lllelnrv, Joi.rmilUni, Art.
Mai
Kelt-
mil Klrrtrlral I nginerrhia, Arrlill.ilu...
1 bornasb freiiamtur jr and t oainiercial
tourara.
Item hi a Frre tn all lnilni wliohrerompltM
tl.aalu.lina required lor .lnnl,.n Into II. e hoi.ho
jji..re, Junior w Hiukir Viar ul any ul tiia Cullaa-lat
It on mm (a Rent, morlrrflt rhtnr to ititdtDtt
Ovr pet-ventn j r.- nrliiK fi.r ('lfKitii Cnurnxi.
A 11 1 nit niiiutrf riiIMt. fr tti ICuvinilaa
tJrnl fctnfr will i riM-clv?,) mt trial retm.
M. t-dwArd't. Half, for lovs mulT 1TM.n, 1
tin Kit' hi tli rTnr If tf!ifpn nf it P()riimf nt.
ThcUOih Yrnr will uiwn r-ei.tcmUr 0, 1003.
fftia'OKuen I rp. Ailtlrrva
HKV. A. HOItltlBHKV, C. 8. C.. Fiwlrlrat. otn.'
I PAY SPOT CASH FOR
StTLAND warrants
lnif(1 to oMlr of any war. Writ m at one.
FKANH H. ItKoKU, lUrth Ulock. Utuvur. Colo,
OHIO FARMS FOR SALE,
DfsrrtptlTe catalog showing photns, free, lor
llio asking. l. .u. JI AilVr.Y,
Jefferson, Ohio.
nDODQV NEWDISCOVBRY:trsi.
U I I m9 I amok rnhof and anraa orS
ram- lic 04 tahiimonwl aad I O dava traaimenS
Vrrm. Or S 0I (' a.i a.Uala.O
Successfully Prosecutes Claims.
Late trtn"lin,l L..u)tnr U 8. PtMitiioD Buru.
3iki jivii 1& tuLj uljuuum uUuuM. ally aiuL
A Money Making Opportunity
AQ om fw-trsTiittth'si i hlrmifo firm want? 1
rouiiaf iu'Q it void tiul.it , t-:.Wr, In dun- E
tnuuri au l ftiiit to Inrnis.li r-ff mi to f
travel an.l take nrlcr. (imni J'ttjr ftuJ I
.ski'iii smoui i-iucii. u uuBiitnB.
(iiicit.a rouuuiT id., iw.o. cutim.
KEEPS
tho Blood Coot,
the Brain Clear,
the Liver Active
Used by Amtiltil
rta)-lclaus fur Dearly M
years.
aoe. and SI
At Drugs-lats or by Bial
ME TARRANT CO.,
II Jay St., haw Yoik,
V. N. U. 82, '1)3.
tut' fslL&tPTl
t luua-b. bjrup. TaaleaOuud. las I I
In time. H..ld by rirugKtftta. I I
INS01IA
sirj.
CANOYCATrUMlO