I How Pennsylvania Coal
8 Miners Work and Live. 3
ftnU.CV.V.U.Vv.t.Vi.U..
OST people going for tlio
first time Into tlio region
of tlio great anthracite
mines would nt once put
the wine workprs nnd their families In
a class apart from tlio ordlnnry human
beings, writes rnul Lntzko, In the De
troit Free rress. The newspaper ac
counts have paved the way for this,
and the appearance of the men and
boys In their working outnt clinches
the impression. No other body of
laborers In the world carry such
strong externnl evidences of their vo
cation. From the top of their heads,
whore their mining lamps flare from
the peaks of their queer shaped caps,
to their feet, shod with (treat, grimy,
thick-doled, clamping boots, the mine
workers bear the obtrusive stamp of
their trade. They look uncanny, fierce.
Take tho most mild mannered and in
offensive little man that lives, clothe
him In the miners' regalia, let lilm
liamnier for eight or ten hours under
ground, and he will come up n fear
some object. The most courageous
woman from the outside world would
run from such a man nt the least
demonstration. Should she unexpect
edly meet him at dnrk on a lonely rohd,
linvlng never seen n miner before, she
would probably hnve nn attack of
bysteria.
The faces of tho men are hard and
enmed and sallow, and, thick with
coal dust, they are almost less than
liuman to the unaccustomed gaze.
Their eyes are outlined with crows'
feet, no matter how young they may
bo, and they have a peculiar squinting
look, due to their constant working in
the half gloom of the coal tunnels. It
Js recorded of some of the mules that
pull coal cars In the mines, that, hav
ing worked for years under ground
without once coming up, they hnve
oue Instantly blind, on being exposed
to the daylight. In a measure It Is so
with the men end boys who spend
their working hours day after day
underground. The daylight gives
them nu uncomfortable sensation, and
they acquire the halilt of screwing up
their eyes that Anally affects all the
muscles of the face.
It Is owing to these strongly marked
peculiarities that the mine workers
are put down nt first by newspaper
correspondents and writers In the dis
trict as something apart. Kven the
trained observer requires some time
to accustom himself to their striking
appearance and to realize that after
all these men nrc like other men, and
that their women, though they have
absorbed ninny of the characteristics
of the men, are like other women. It
Is not until ho hns spent a little time
among the miners thnt he comes to re
gard them as ordinary workmen. On
a Sunday or holiday with the prime
washed off their faces, their mining
lamps hung awny, their working
clothes removed, the men look nn en
tirely different lot of human beings.
Then It Is only by their crows' feet
ONE OF THE COMPANY STORES,
and the paleness of their skins, due
to their underground life, thnt they
re to be recognized. The first tlmo
I ever saw a considerable body of the
miners together was a Sunday mass
meeting before the big strike was
tailed. I was amazed at the unlike
boss to their pictured appearance. For
toll that any one could hnve told the
mass meeting might have been nt
Cooper Union In New York. The only
UIIMHunnn n-n. 1 1 n fr .lliiuf lit , 1 1 1 Innn
Vlucicun nu, lull. ... in vi i inn "
nnd women, too, for there were lots
f women In the crowd were much
letter dressed thnn the crowd that
CB BOYS AT THIS
,niass meet-
liorers were
i .. i.
,.uk of putting
them down as being underpaid as a
class. Compared with other forms
of work, mining, even In Its highest
form, Is lit t lo more than unskilled
lnbor, and the scale of prices may
seem high. But In determining the
earnings of miners as eompnred with
the earnings of other laborers, a num
ber of things arc to be taken Into con
sideration. The character of their
work Is extra hazardous. Every time
ft mnn goes down the shaft he puts
himself nt the mercy of nil sorts of
dangers over which he has no control,
(las explosions, a "squeeze," the fall
ing of n mass of conl, and a dozen
other things menace his life every mo-
iVfm THP n,f,cW ' sgk 'if jlX
. -rTTi- J T II I I I I I I f 1 1 I I 1
.TYplcAL Hor .or. A
PENN5YWAMIA ' fMNElV
ment thnt he Is underground. And so
shrewdly hnve the operators mannged
that the flnnnclal penalty for nn ac
cident never falls on them. In almost
any other pursuit In which nn em
ploye Is killed his family hns a chance
of claiming damages. In the conl
mines no one ever dreams of putting
In such a claim as n legal right. Many
diligent inquiries I made to II nd n on ho
where a coal operator had been
mulcted In damages, for Injury nnd
loss of life, but none could be found.
A ITP1CAI, DREARER IX TrTE COAL MIN
ING KEOION8.
There was n hazy story that an un
known operntor had once paid the
family of an unknown driver boy, who
wns killed, $75. Hut this case could
not be traced within the time nt the
ordlnnry man's disposal. Most of the
operators make some sort of repara
tion by furnishing special employment
about the works to the men crippled
In their employ, nnd where tho fnther
Is killed a place Is generally found
for tho boys If there are nny In the
family. But such a thing as a cash
settlement Is never dreamed of.
The lit tie chance thnt the miners
bad In this direction was skillfully
tnken from thera by a piece of legis
lation thnt was passed, "In the Inter
est of miners" and that wns hailed
with joy by the men nt that tlmo.
This was tho creation of county ex
amining boards, to Insure miners'
licenses, without such license no
mnn can mluo conl. Tho men foolish
ly thought thnt this would protect
them from unskilled competition, and
especially from the competition of the
foreigners thnt were pouring Into the
region. They soon found, however,
that the protection didn't protect. The
county boards nrc paid a fee for each
MOUTH OF A COLLIERY INCLINE.
license they Issue. Naturally county
politicians are not going to work
against their own politics by refusing
licenses to men prepared 4o pay for
ttw luxury,- Ho the "license" has de-
- Mil
genernted into ft farce, !n so far a II
serves as ft protection against com
petition, and danger from tho presence
of poor workmen, nut for the operat
ing companies the measure bns proved
ft great thing. By employing only
"licensed" miners they are released
l"gnlly from all responsibility for nc
cidents. If a miner Is burled under
tons of conl nnd rock when he la at
work, the fault Is his own. If the In
borer working at his side Is also killed,
the laborer's relatives may look to the
family of the "licensed" miner for
damages, but not to the operator. If
there Is an explosion of gas, tho miner
In whoso chamber It occurs Is tho re
sponsible party.
The operntor hired him on tho
strength of his license, the possession
of which presupposes thnt tho man
knows all about gas. and how to get
awny from the chambers where It lies
before It accumulates In dangerous
quantities.
The "fire boss" who Inspects the mine
every morning for gas on behalf of
the operntor warns the miners as
they go In when gns may be expected
and it is up to the miners to avoid ex
plosions. This Is what the "license"
hns done for the men.
"Mother" Mary Jones, "queen of the
mines" nnd tho idol of the miners,
occupies n unique plnce In the world of
labor. This kind-hearted, philan
thropic woman Is so loved by tho
rough drivers of tho coal mines In the
nnthrnclte regions that with them her
word Is tantamount to law. Mrs.
.Tones Is fifty-six years old, silver-
haired nnd beautiful. Her voice has
been sweetly eloquent In behalf of
the workers whose cause she has
adopted, nnd her appeals have won
unstinted sympathy for her simple,
hard laboring friends. She lives at
Wilkesbnrre.
Now Nnriery Caroimel.
If the Invention shown In this Illus
tration does not serve to give tho
children many hours of thorough en
joyment then we miss our guess. Al
most every child Is rendy to ride on a
merry-ge-round as often ns Invited,
nnd with this mnchlno set up In tho
nursery the Invitation can be given
many times a day without squander
ing a nickel. The inventor's intention
Is to hnve one of the older children pro
pel the carousel by means of pedals
located as shown. The sents are ad
justable. In order that children of
different ages may be accommodated,
'DOMESTIC" MERRY-GO-BOUND.
and the baskets were for the babies.
The vertical post Is pivoted In stand
ards secured to the celling and floor,
and the horlzoutal arms are rigidly
attached to this central post. Tho
pedal shaft is connected to a shaft
parallel to the supporting arm by a
chain or cord running over the pulleys,
and power Is thus transmitted from
the pedals to the luner eud of the shaft,
where a gear wheel meshes with a
toothed disk attached to the standard,
the revolution of the shaft driving the
machine arouud.
IIIllH Light.
Weak coffee often nerves a
man
sutllcleiitly not to tip the wulter.
Other people's blunders either edu
cate us or make .us more conceited.
Wood luck Is simply having the
agility to get on a car that is going
your wny.
Tho cheerful life is like all other
eutertaluiuents; we hove to seek It
out and pay to get In.
We like the people who don't put
on too much stylo and the people who
don't put on too little.
When we try to blame other people
for our mistakes we usually get bold
of the wrong person.
Tollte people are those who lluten
to us while we talk about something
they have no earthly interest in.
It Is well occasionally to put your
self in the other man's place, even If
you feel yourself too big to be a good
tit. Chicago Itecord.
In the private schools of China a
teachor is paid ah tut ouw-uulfpenujr a
day tot euch pupiL
oooooooooooooceooooooooooe
FARM TOPICS
SooooooooooocooocooooooocS
Pry Roup Car.
Take equal parts of alum, sulphur
and magnesia, mix thoroughly nnd
blow Into the throats of the afflicted
fowls with a small, bellows. When
croup becomes epidemic In ft flock, put
a little carbolic acid In the drinking
water nnd burn sulphur tn the coops
to thoroughly disinfect them.
Inrrrit.e the Fronts of the Hairy,
The dnlrymnn who can sell bis cream
or butter and keep his skim milk for
his young stock will get ft larger profit,
and his farm will never become poorer,
as tho substance In butter Is not taken
from the soil, but from the air. Milk
Is more suitable for young pigs than
nny other food, nnd when brnn Is pur
chased and fed In connection with the
milk there Is brought on the farm a
large proportion of mineral matter
which enriches the manure.
Winter Nhelter For Live Stock.
All animals prefer the open air to
being confined In a building, and will
endure severe cold rather than dark
ness and foul nlr. At the snine time
nil kinds of live stock should be kept
warm and comfortable. Open sheds,
facing the south, will serve as shelter
from rains and wluds. If the animals
are protected from the winds they will
be satisfied, but all animals should be
In a warm bnrn at night. Hogs are
very sensitive to cold weather, nnd It
many nre together they will be In
jured by crowding. Warm bedding
retains warmth and prevents cold
draughts along the floor.
How Weed! Are Propagated.
Many weeds appear suddenly, and It
Is usually a problem to know from
whence they enme. hen hay or
other materials are bought ' and
brought on the farm the seeds of
weeds may nlso come. The grain
thresher and separator nlso sometimes
carries weed seeds, hence It should be
thoroughly cleaned before carried
from oue farm to another. The major
ity of seeds of weeds ore scattered In
manure that has not been decomposed
Good Pittnt For Farm nullillngi.
One of the cheapest and best paints
(or washes) for farm buildings Is to
mix skim milk nnd cement to the con
slstency of cream and apply to cither
wood or brick. It must be mixed a lit
tle at a time, but when applied In two
coats will last as loug ns the wood,
though one coat will make a durable
covering. If freshly-slaked lime nnd
skim milk are used as whitewash It
will be found much more durable than
lime and water. The lime nnd cnselne
of the milk form nn Insoluble com
pound. The cement nnd milk give a
yellow stone color, but nny of tho usual
earthy pigments may be used to form
a desired color. Bullock's blood nnd
milk also make a durable wash. Skim
milk should bo preferred to whole
milk.
A Special I'M For Milk Stripping!.
The last quart of the milking, or the
"stripping," tnken Immediately after
milking, before It hns parted with
any of tho anlmnl heat, Is tho most
valuable thing known to build up a
person who Is thlu and emaciated from
any disease.
I direct my patients to begin with
one-half pint and gradually Increaso
the quantity until at the end of a week
they are taking a quart at a tlmo, or
as much as they can possibly drink
without causing too much discomfort,
This should bo followed up regulnrly
twice a day. In consumption, It Is no
uncommon thing for my patients, who
have followed my Instructions, to gain
Ave pounds a week In weight. No
other plan I have beard of has proved
so successful.
It should be remembered that it is
very Important to select a cow that Is
healthy, and one thnt gives very rich
milk. Then It Is also of very great lm
portance that the very last of the milk
Ing, or "stripplngs," should bo taken,
and of equal Importance that this
should be taken Immediately after
milking while It contains all the ant
mal beat. No other food is so natural
and none has ever proved so success
ful. Dr. B. J. Kendall, In New Eug
land Homestead.
A Simple Hay Itnrk.
The hayrack Illustrated herewith Is
for use on a common high farm wagon.
Side sills are two pieces two by four
Inches by fourteen feet; for a low
wagon two by six Inches Is better. To
these attach four strips oue and a half
by three Inches on bottom edge by
menus of half-Inch bolts running
through the semi-circular arms two
and a half by three Inches. Two
pieces of one by four are laid on both
ends of arms and bolted on so that the
hind wheels can operate between nud
up through them. To make an arch
(a or b) over hind wheels, three pieces
HOMEMADE BAY BACK,
of wood or Iron bent In form of a half
circle, or two strips cut with an clou
gated circle and bolted to t'-e one by
four-Inch strips and coveret ' .vlfh slior
pieces of thin boards, keep hay or
grain from coming in contact with
wheels. The front guard or standard
should be fastened to side Kills by
means of a full length rod and just
back of front arm and attached so as
to be raised up or down. The stakes
at rear end fastened In same manner
This renders it more convenient to
tore awny under some low shed when
uot lu use. U, Logau, lu Farm and
Home.
THE ElS)ITg
New York City. Whether a girl
plays golf or does not, the golf cape
makes a most desirable wrap for
school and general wear, as well ns
misses' oolp caps.
for traveling and to slip on over the
pretty gown she wears to the Informal
evenings that all young people enjoy.
As a rule, tho material chosen Is
double-file d cloth, plain outside, plaid
within, and the cape Is unllned, but
very pretty evening wraps In the same
simple model can be made of lighter
cloth, drop d'ete or even cashmere
lined tnroughout with soft silk and In
terlined with wool wadding, If n scum
be made nt the back. To cut without
a scam flfty-eight-lnch goods will be
required.
The smart May Manton model Illus
trated Is cut without a seam, nnd Is
finished with simple mncblne stitch
ing, the fronts being underfaced with
the cloth, all outer eoes turned under.
The hood Is the latest style, and hangs
gracefully over the shoulders, nt the
same time thnt It Is entirely practica
ble and can be drawn up over the head
when required. The high collar Is cut
In sections thnt nre curved to fit tho
throat and that flare becomingly when
DOUBLE BREASTED JACKET.
turned up against tho head. Straps
ore attached to tho shoulders that
cross over in lront nnd, closing In
back, support tho weight. At tho
front r.re three pointed straps, held In
place by buttons and buttonholes, by
means of which tho capo is closed.
To cut this capo for a girl of fourteen
years of ago two yards of material
forty-four Inches wide, or one and a
half yard fifty-eight inches wide, will
be required.
Useful, AU-Itound Jacket.
The useful, nil-round jncket which
no woman is without takes many
forms, but Is never more serviceable
than when made after tho May Man
ton model Illustrated In the large en
graving with a fitted back and half
looso fronts. Favorite materials are
beaver cloth nnd heavy cheviot in
black dark blue nnd Oxford gray nnd
tho darker shades o' covert cloth.
When additional warmth Is required
the revcrs can bo lncod with fur,
which, besides meaning comfort, adds
to the style, but as Illustrated tho Jack
et Is of heavy black cheviot, with ro
vers and collar faced with pcau de sole
machine stitched. The fronts nre fitted
with single darts, Tho back Includes
a centre seam and Bldo backs, nnd Is
lolued to tho fronts by uuder-nrm
gores. Wheu tho revcrs arc rolled
buck to tlu waist lino tho Jacket Is
closed Invisibly with largo hooks and
eyes. When tho shorter revers nro
used It Is hipped over In double-breast-ed
stylo, and closed with buttons nud
buttouhohn. Tho high flaring collar
Is cut In sections and tits tho throat
snugly. Tho sleeves nro two-seamed
oud flare over the hands, where they
are stitched to simulate cuffs, rock
ets, with laps, nre Inserted back of
each dart, the laps being machine
stitched round three sides.
To mako this Jacket for a woman of
medium size four and threo-quarter
yards of material twenty Inches wide,
two yards forty-four Inches wire, or
one and five-eighth yards fifty inches
wide, with three-quarter yard of silk
for collar and rovers, will be required.
- Illaek Satlu Empire Clown.
A protty black satin empire gown
bad the fulness at the back laid In a
shopped watteau pleat, held In the ecu
toe, of the figure Jy a wldr. bow of
Of f A&Hiow
black sntln rlblvon. this completed by
a tiny bolero of tinted guipure, rut In
a small sqnare, back and front, and
supplied with long, close-fitting
sleeves to the elbow, wiere they met
sleevelets of pllsse moussellue de sole.
And for wear around the throat was
provided a high collar of white chif
fon passed through diamond slides,
the whole affair nssertlng Itself as In
the best sense recherche.
ninck anil White trlped Velvet,
Word comes back from Tnrls that
the fair Farlslenne has taken a great
fancy to a new weave of velvet mnde
In narrow pin stripes In blnck and
white. The effect Is quite attractively
silvery and Is seen In boleros, sleeves,
vests nnd even whole costumes. The
wide stripes of nn eighth to n quarter
Inch, advanced ns a trimming. Is too
striking And hns not had nearly so
wnrni a welcome.
The Frlncenn F.flVct.
A princess effect Is given to some
gowns by carrying the pleats which
finish the bnck of the waist down the
skirt. These may be In box or side
pleats. One frock of this kind, which
hns n brond, loose corsage belt, has
the belt begin under the two sides of
the pleats In the back, whence It
comes around to the front, which Is
finished with nn Kton jacket effect.
Cllrlft' Long Ilox Coat.
Box coats are almost uniformly be
coming to little girls. The loose fit
means comfort nnd ease In slipping on
nnd off, and the lines nrc such as to
suggest without concealing the figure.
The long one, designed by May Man
ton, here shown hns the added merit
of giving a tall, slender nppenrance
nnd of entirely covering the gown. Co
vert cloth, cheviot and heaver are all
correct In black, blue, tan nnd mixed
tan and brown, but the covert cloth Is
especially smart, and Is far less diffi
cult to handle thau the beaver. As II-
lustrated, tho material Is covert cloth
lu a tan shade, with collar, shield and
cuffs of velvet In the same shade, mn
chlno stitched; tho lining, taffeta tn
flowered stripes.
The back Is seamless, shaped only
by under-nrm seams. The fronts nre
cut simply, and hnug straight from
the shoulders. They nre lapped one
over the other, nud ore closed by
menus of hnndsome buttons nnd but
tonholes. The sailor collar Is stitched
to the neck and rolls over; the shield Is
attached to the right side nnd hooked
over to tho left beneath the collar,
but can be omitted as shown In tho
small cut. Tho under-nrm seams are
left open for a short distance from
tho lower edge to give ample freedom,
and tho edges of the coat nre finished
with applied bands of tho cloth. The
sleeves nre two-seamed, with roll-over
flare cuffs.
To cut this coat for a girl of eight
years of age ono nud three-quarter
amis' LONa box coat.
yards of material fifty Inches wide,
two and three-quarter yards forty
four inches wide, with three-quurter
yard of velvet for collur, cuffs and
shield, will be required.