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I
I Explorations in Patagonia. I
Tt
By Prof. l. B. Ha'.i.'iflc, PrlnceJon Uri;vrr..;h'.
Ik.
PHYSKHIHArHlCAl.l.V. Pat
agonia In divided Into two
nhnrply defined regions iiii
eastern level and comparative
ly Itarrcn plnlii anil a western exceed
1wpy broken and mnuntaluous region.
'Nte former extend eastward from
1lB bneo of tho Andes, where it linn
no altitude of 8000 feet to the Atlantic
VKt, where It terminate: In a con
ttfmona line of preclpltoaM cliffs 1ou
to 400 feet high.
Three distinct features characterise
the topography and tend to relieve the
monotony of the hrond Patagonlai
plains. The first of these in the ae
rie of escarpments, from a few feet
to several hundred In height, cucotiiit
rert nt successive altitudes lis one pro
ceed from the const Inlnnd toward the
..'idos. These escarpments liavo a
general trend parallel with the pres
ent const line, and they doubtless mark
mie.eeHMlve stages In the dual elevation
ef tho land above, the sea. The sec
end feature la to lm seen in the series
w;nwKi.cnB has, squaw Ann inn.n.
ileep transverse valleys crossing tin?
trrltory from east to west and con
stituting the present drainage system.
In so far its my observations have
gone, these nre all true valleys of cro
uton. The third and perhaps most
striking feature In tho topography of
eastern Patagonia nre the volcanic
ones and dikes, and the resulting lava
nheets, which, covering extenaive nrcaa
throughout the central plains), are seen
capping most of the higher table lands
and frequently descending well down
the slopes Into tho present valleys,
white the extinct volcanoes often rise
Mtajcstlcnlly hundreds of foot above
re surrounding plain.
In a line approximating the seventy
seroud meridian of west longitude,
rite Andes rise abruptly from the
plains nnd f.rm one of the most rug
ged nnd in many respects moat pic
tgrcsquo mountain chains In the world.
Many of the peaks attain an altitude
f over 10,000 feet, quite sutllclent at
tbln latitude to precipitate most of the
moisture lu the atnioaphere as It Is
forced over from the Piiellle. Owing
to the southwesterly winds which pre
rail here throughout tho year, the at
mosphere during Its loug journey
across the Pacllle becomes saturated
with moisture, which, together with
ttte completeness of tho precipitation
wrought about by the advantageous to
pography of the western coast, renders
tula region one with an exceedingly
BAIiAIfOINO BOOK DUB TO 8011105.
gu annual rainfall and consequently
urlant vegetable growth In atrlk-
contrast to the dry and compiira-
bnrren eastern region, whore
Inds, already deprived of most
Ir moisture during their pasaago
the Andes, ore usually dry ami
The prevailing winds in eastern
tagonia, as In western, uru south
'outerly, nud an easterly wind of
twenty-four hours' duration on the
eastern coast is sure, to terminate lu
heavy fall of ruin or snow.
Not all the mobturo of the inoun
taluous region is precipitated us ruin,
for In tho higher Arnica severe snow
storms prevail throughout the entire
year, ample for the formation of grout
tee fields, from which extend ntimer
us glaciers, uuiuy of which reach
ll 1118
1
r
CURIOUS WIND ANO WAIN UUOdlON IN ANDES OF PATAUONIA.
from tho mountain summits far down
below timber line, and aomo ou the
.western alone quite Into Uw wi.
Formerly tlieae Kinder were much
more extensive than at present, and
they doubt lea contributed to the ero
sion of the exceedingly Intricate sys
tem of mountain gorges and florda
now formliiK so conspicuous a feature
of the region.
The slopes of the Andes lielow an
altitude of 3000 fet are covered with
dense forests, especially on the West
ern sltle. The variety of trees In the
southern re j Ions Is very limited, and
the quality of the wood for lumber or
tlinlier for budding la poor. Two sK-
'.
TKHNELCHES
eles of beech, Fagus nntsrctlca and V.
tietutoldes, the lntter an evergreen,
nre much tho commoner of the trees.
The deciduous beech Is especially
abundant, nnd Is the only tree found
throughout extensive areas on the
eastern slopes of the Andes.
Within the dense forests, lichens,
ferns, mosses, nnd other cryptogams
grow In great profusion, entirely cov
ering the ground and trunks and lower
branches of the treea. The delicate
foliage and vnrlety and harmony of
colors of these plants, always fresh-
" H , aarr-
Alt OLD TRHNBLCBB. ,
eued by frequent showers, enhance
the other natural beauties of this re
gion, and give to the quiet depths of
the forests a peculiar attractiveness,
contrasting strongly with the rugged
canons and serrated crests of the high
er Andea.
The most conspicuous animals of
the forest region are a small deer, not
quite 8o large as our Virginia deer,
the male with usually only two points
on either horn. The puma, or moun
tain lion, Is abundant both on the
plains and lu the mountains. There
are two species of dogs. The larger.
Canla mngellnnicus, la about tho size
of a Binnll collie, of a reddish brown
color, and frequents the wooded re
gions. It Is rather shy, in striking
contrast with the smaller C. axare,
abundant lu the plains, of a light gray
color, and about the size of n small
red fox. The guanuco or South Amer
ican camel la very abundant over the
plains, and occasionally enters the
wooded mountainous districts. Amoug
the birds, two, from their alee, aro
especially noteworthy, the rhea, or ao
called ostrich, found lu great numbers
on the plains, and the condor, com
mon lu the Andes, along tho high
bluffs of the sea coast and about the
basalt cliffs of the Interior plains re
glou.
The natives of tho custom nud west
em region belong to two eutlrely dis
tinct races, differing from each other
lu their customs, language, nnd modt
of life. To tho enstern region belong
the Tohuelches, n large, well-devul
oped and peaceable luce, living en
tlrely by tho chase. They construct
their hubltutlous mid make their am
pie clothing with considerable skill
from tbu .skins of the guunaco. Iu
the capture' pf the guauaco, rhea Mid
via
other (tame nntmals nnd birds they
are exceedingly proficient nnd show
much Ingenuity.
The Channel Indinna of the western
region nre physically much Inferior to
the Tehnelehes. They are essentlnfly
a maritime people with nil their na
tivities clustering about the shore,
from which they never proceed mora
than a few miles Inland. They autinlst
chiefly upon shell Huh, the flesh of Rents.
Hull, and the sea otter nnd a few edible
fungi Indlfrenons to the region ttiey
Inhabit, From the skina of tbe staff
TAKINO YKltUA.
and sea otter they eonf.truct their
clothing, tmunlly exceedingly scanty,
notwIttiHlnndlng the Inhoapttnble cli
mate, ltude lints nre sniuetlmes built.
from ttie brnnches of trees, but they
spend much of their time In small
open boats mnde of beech bnrk sewed
together with whnle bone. It Is In
the construction of their boats nud
the implements used by them in the
rapture of seals that they show the
greatest skill and resource.
Although the plains of enalern Pat-
agonla nre exceedingly monotonous
and uninteresting to the casual observ
er, yet they are of the greatest inter
est to the geologist and palentologlst.
for It Is the rocks composing them that
contain the remains of the extinct ani
mals that in former- times Inhabited
this region. In many places along the
river valleys there are extensive ex
posures of the sedlmcntnry rocks rich
in fossil remains, and the high bluffs
of the sea coast have proved among the
most promising localities for the col
lector. Bclentlllc ' Amerlenu.
lioeoinoblln hnffity
Apropos of the danger to horse-
drnwn vehicles nnd their drivers from
automobiles, the case of the recent
KMX) nioto.- tour of the English Auto
mobile Club should be considered.
The route was over a purposely se
lected hilly country, the object being
to test the slnylng anility of tho va
rious machines, some of the machines I
negotiating excessively atccp gradients
ut a much fnster pace than a horse- I
drawn vehicle could possibly main
tain. Notwithstanding this and that .
the several vehicles entered In the
race covered In the aggregate 00,000
miles, not a single accident of any
kind occurred to-other nsera of the
road through any of the motor care.
Tha Olrl la tha Bambrar.
Home of the girls have taken to the
sombrero, and are rigging themselves
out lu Mexican garb. The sombrero
Is of flucly-wovcu grass, embroidered
with silver, and la n comfortuble com
panion, uu enemy to freckles and just
the thing for a country jaunt. Mexi
can shirt waists, too, are lu demand,
elaborate affaire iu drawn work, with
hemstitched seams nud turned-back
cuffs. Worn together the combina
tion of these two is very striking.
Baft Tr.ad Wevaa Wlra atata.
Woven wire mats are shown nud one
maker line a novelty in tbelr treat
ment, lie embodies in the mats pieces
of niM, aud theme, protruding between
tho Interstices of the wire iu which
they are embedded,, produce a aoft
trend that la very agreeable, yet at
the aume time they are ao fully pro
tected by wire that the durability of
the mat la not lessened.
It la estimated that It costs thirty
per cent, more to make bread b baud
thun by suaouiuer.
ADJUSTABLE SASH WEIGHT.
BTsde tn Interlocking Brtlns In Ontn
to tmn Any Wtlht.
A new ensh weight hns been In
rented by Kugcne B. Crnll. It Is mnde
So aectlona so an to facilitate the ad
justment of the weight to meet any
y
SAHItWSIOnT IS SSCTIOKS,
emergency. The two parts of which
he weight Is formed each consist of
a body section with an open portion
and a branch, the branches fitting In
the open portions of the bodies. Kaoh
part lwis also beveled flanking
branches which interlock to sustain
ne part on the other. The parts have
rrooves hti h match te form a pass-'
age for the reception of the snsh-cord. j
It Is evident that the nnmher of
weights can lm Increased or decreased
at will to regulate the stress on the
eord. When the proper number have
been applied the weights are held se
curely by a pin driven through the
cord or a split washer clamping the
nord nnd engsging the uppermost j
weight. j
Ttis Frnll Car. !
Twice H ban been my privilege te
take "the grape cure" In Switzerland.
For ten days the schools nre discon
tinued that teachers and scholars,
with fathers and mothers, may repair
to the vineyards nnd eat grapes all
day long. For ten days tlio druggists
mourn because customers nre not, and
for as ninny months nature's pathvuia
foci the good effecte of the cure
wrought In n pharmacy which Is not
ef man's furnishing.
For forty years I have taken the
"fruit cure" nil the year round, nnd
have to offer In ndvortisement thereof
n perfect digestion, steady nervee
and such general vigor nn In vouch
safed to few women of my nge.-
Marlon Ilarlnnd, iu Philadelphia
North American.
A Tiwttnra Gnrl.
Itoltkc's reticence was so proverbial,
ays the Argonaut, that, as the Klnc's
birthdays npproachcd.thcre used to be
bets among the officers ns to how
many words Moltke would use In pro
nosing the toast of the dny. Some
hacked a nine-word speech, others put
Ihelr money on eight words. Moltkc'e
habit wob to say: "To the health of
Ills Majesty, Kmperor and King," or
"To Ills Imperial Majesty's health."
In 18S4 an oyster breakfast wasataked
in the Marshal's not using more than
nine words. Hut, because he began
with the word "gentlemen," the bet
was lost. The loser comforted him
self by saying: "He's aging, la
Miltke; Iie'e getting loquacious."
Rich Waco la KnglanH.
Often the wage worker has aa In
some far exceeding that of tbo profes
sional man. Smiles says that In his
day rail rollers had pay equal to
'leutenant-eoloiiels In the foot guards;
olate rollers equal to majors: roughera
tqual to those of lieutenants and nd
lutants. In our own country the wage
worker's Income often averages more
than that of the clergyman.
"Wa-te Not. Want Not."
Over the kitchen fireplace at Ab
botsford. Sir Walter Scott's lovely
borne, are carved In alone "Waste not,
want not" There is nothing nobler
In the life story of Scott than his
struggle to pay his creditors' debts In
curred through Ihe misfortune nnd
mlsmunnpemcnt of hie publishers.
Beat Hitrini Honey.
Great losses havo been sustained by
Kentlst beekeepers owing to the lu
tense heat having run the honey from
the comb, making It useless and
mothering many swarms of bees.
Loudon Express.
A Cnrlons Tauiple,
The pngoda at Pno-tnh Is the most
rurious in China, and Is regarded with
TUB rACIOPA AT HO-IAH.
great veneration and respect by the
Chinese,' for It la the only pugoda eu
which trees uisy be aeeu growing.
ThJS ElS)lTg
New York mty.-The ekh-t that falls
to Hie bint op and oieare the gvonnd by
two or flhree tncfana grow la favor
day by Aae-. Ho longer mode rivals
LAIraV HIOBT THBBB PI BOB SKIRT.
It for walklug. out-door eporta or
shopping. Graceful aa long skirts are
In their proper place, they are men
ace to health and a detriment to com
fort when the occasion demands free
dom ef movement. Parle baa already
declared the shorter length correct,
and proves dally how ready and eager
well-dressed women are to make the
change. Golfing cloth, cheviot, eerge
and all almilnr materials are used.
The only requirement la that of eufll
eicnt thickness and weight te take
good folds and, If poslble, to dispense
with lining.
The May Wanton model Illustrated
Includes all the latest features. The
aktrt U cut with a front gore, which
flares graoe fully, and circular portions,
I.ADIBV UltAl'ED WAIsT.
which form a deep Inverted pleat at
tho back. Aa shown, tho material Is
tan-colored cheviot, simply stitched
down the front two seams and round
tho lower edge nt (lis top of tho fac
ing. Any quiet tono is suitable, how
ever.nnd the trimming can be changed
to stitched bands or braid, if pre
ferred. Aa shown, tho length is cor
rect for walking and gulling.
To cut this skirt for a lady of me
dium size three and one-half yards of
material forty-four Inches wide, or
three yards fifty luetics wide, will be
required.
Olves Grarafal KHVat.
The attractive May Man ton model
shown In the largo engraving In sulli
clcntly auug fitting to avoid nil scnac
of looseness, yet is draped across tho
front to give a most graceful effect.
Caahmere, which is to be much worn
during the autumn and winter, and all
soft wool stull.4. ns well ns lace, t'oul
nrds, crepo do chine and liberty silks,
aro eminently appropriate. As Illus
trated, tho material is a foulard lu pas
tel blue, with black, with trimming
of black velvet ribbon ami yoke of
plain blue banded with velvet.
The foundation for tho wnht Is n
fitted lining that closes at the centre
front. Tho back and underarm gores
of tho material tiro plain and without
fulness, 'but the right frout Is cut to
form a drapery lielow the yoke nnd
hooka well iuto the left side, the clos
ing being concealed by tho folds. Tho
yoke Is smooth and faced Into the lin
ing at tho back and right front, but
books luto place ut tho left shoulder
and arm's eye. Tho circular bertha Is
cut In three overlapping sections that
give pretty fuluess over the sleeves,
Oue or two sections of the bertha may
lie omitted If a plainer effect Is pre
ferred. The sleeves are two-seamed
and tit smoothly without being over
ttglit. To cut this waist for a woman of
medium size five and ouo-hnlf yards
of material twenty-one Inches wide,
or two nud thruo-elghths yards forty
four Inches vide, will bo required.
A Fitnrjr of tlia Tllna.
Small black rings figure the surface
of a cruuberry criuisou foulard gowu
for late afternoon or evening wenr.
The skirt has a front gore laid In tlno
tucks and circular aides, with a border
op fashion.
ef three tucks, which ge arownA ik
aktrt. The corsage ban a Jafeot fraavt
ef ehlnr black Hnenlaa lace. Deep
point mt Spanish lane are appliqnefc
In the bodice In front and la tmrk.
The aleeve la In twe parts, a doae
fitting upiter of crlm.on foulard, aad
beneath it Is an tindernleeve of Mack
Ince over crimson chiffon The neck
band hi extremely plain and hooka la
the middle at the back.
Clnnr f-are Collar flaail.
Grand chic" Is the verdict pro
nounced on our new neckband mnde
of Ohuiy laoe. t!luny, being a rnlhor
heavy Isce, stands up well, wnKhes
nnd wears equally well. If you eaa
find the correct width you need, and
put ribbon under it as a transparent,
your task Is thou easy, as collar eltf
fenlng and color shapes are tiougfct
ready made. Perhaps you can get
Cuny lace especially woven with sMts
for Inserting ribbons. This nmkes a
stylish and novel collar band.
Taraalaala at tha Waist Man.
The majority of the best corset car
ers terminate at the waist line, atiH
their fronts are in surplice form. The
high-necked or half-high corset cover
in ne longer used by the best-dressed
women.
Aataaaa Kreas Or a Otrt.
Charming and attractive aa gulmpe
gowns unquestionably are, cvety
mother realleea the utility of the model
that can le made of one material, aai
that doe not Inevitably Involve the
dainty yoke and sleeves that must he
laundered after each day's wear. The
very pretty and atyllsh May Mnnten
design shown baa the merit of allow
ing the gulmpe, when dealred. nnd ef
being equally available for the long.
to": '
snug sleeves and for low-neck and
short puffed sleeves, as occasion tuny
require. Mado of one material, as Il
lustrated, it Is sultuble for dally after
noon wear or for a street costume
when tho days beglu to grow cool;
with a gulmpe of while, or with low
neck and puffed sleeves It becomes
suitable for dancing school and party
wear. 1 Ito deep pointed eollnr, which
Is a feature, may also be varied and
made nil of lnce or nedlework, of coo
trusting silk for an older'ciiild. or e
the material trimmed. Cotton mate
rials, such as dimity, ftwlss. orguudf
and Madras are suitable, ns well as
cunllicH, cashmere and the sample
Oriental silks that are much '.iked for
children's droasy gowns; but thi model
is of figured cliallle In del blue, with
trimming of lace Insertion joined un
der rows of uarrow black velvet rib
bon. Tho foundation for the waist Is a
fitted lining, which closes nt tbo centre
buck. The sleeves aro mado for thoiv
entire length, the puffs being arranged
over tho plain portions. The skirt 4a
straight and full, simply gathered at
the top and joined to the waist, where
It is UnlHhod to a baud of tho trim
ming. To cut this dross for a girt eight
xmase fob a oian.
years of nge four yurds of material
twenty-one Inches wide, three aud one
halt yard thirty-two Inches wide, or
two yards forty-four Incurs wldo, will
be required.
V