is
n
J1armcr3 crvd Customs of the people.
The area of China Is 4.218.401 En
glish square miles. Of this territory
only 1,33(1,811 miles belong to China
proper, the remainder being the de
pendencies of Manchuria, Mongolia,
v Thibet. Jungnrla nnd East Turkestan.
Notwithstanding the, relatively small
elze of C'lilna proper, It contnlns the
bulk of the populntlon, having nsil.OOO,.
0(H) lulinbltnnts out of n total pupil
lntloll of the Kllisdom of 4tV,l!S0.OO.
.The present Emperor of China belongs
I to the Mnuehu dynasty, which over
threw the native dynasty of Ming l:i
the year 1(144. As the Into Emperor
died suddenly, he did not designate
a successor, ns Is the custom In China,
where there exists no law of heredi
tary succession. This Is one. of the
A CnitittSB DONKEY CART IN TEKI!.
causes of the troublo In Chlna.owlng to
the tact that the Empress Dowager
was uble to obtain ascendency over
the young Kmperor, so thnt on Sep
tember 22, 18H8, an Imperial edict was
Issued ntmounclug that the Kmperor
Dowager, who has since retained the
I direction of affairs nnd by her dislike
1 ' of foreigners hns done much to foment
the troubles nnd has made It easy for
the Boxer movement to gain headway,
even If sho Is not directly responsible
for the nttnek, ns has lx'cn suggested
by those who have an Intimate knowl
edge of Chinese nITalrs. On January
24, 1000, It was declared by decree
that the son of Prince Tuau should
succeed the present Kmperor. This Is
generally regarded ns equivalent to
Kwang Su's deposition. The lively In
terest which Prince Tunn Is taking In
the attacks of foreigners Is easily ac
counted for by his bou's right to the
throne.
1 The government of the State Is based
I upon the government of the family.
I The supreme direction of tbo Empire
I Is vested In the privy council or grand
V i , n.K ' l l . , .1 .. i . . .1 .
-WUUCM. Xllt; IIUIUIUINIIUUUU IS IIUIIIT
w..tho direction of a cabinet comprising
four members, two of Mnnclm nnd
two of Chinese origin, besides two as
sistants from the great college, who
bave to see tliet nothing Is done con
trary to the civil nnd religious laws
of the Empire. These members nre
called ministers of Sla'e. Under their
orders are seven boards of govern
ment, each of which Is presided over
by a Mnnehu nnd a Chinese. The
boards are: 1, for civil appointments:
2, for revenues; 3, for rltos nnd cere
monies; 4, for military affairs; S, for
public works; 0, criminal jurisdiction;
7, admiralty board. Independent of
the government, and theoretically
above the central administration, is
the Board of Public Censors, which
consists of forty or fifty members un
der two presidents. They nre prlvl
leged to present any remonstrance to
o sovereign, and one of them must
present at the. meetings of each if
Government boards. Each of the
oen nrovlncea Is governed liv n
Vnor-gcncral, who Is responsible
b Emperor for tho entire admlnls
tn, political, Judicial, military
Jliyslcal. He Is nsslsted by a conn
yrfnd other ofllclals. Each province
r lubdivlded Into apartments, ruled
Jrj prefects, and each department into
n - Tim 'Ii.
"TEA TREADING," THE OBJECT
Each town and village also has Its
governing body, and among the vari
ous rulers there Is a regular gradation
In rank, each being responsible to his
Immediate superior. Political office In
the general administration of tho Em
pire Is less sought after than tho posi
tion of viceroy or governor In the prov
inces, where there are opportunities of
acquiring wealth. Tho number of for
eigners resident in the open ports of
Chins was 13,421 at the end of 1898,
British subjects predominating. About
a hair of the total number ot foreign
ers reside at Shanghai.
Three religions nre acknowledged by
the Chinese as Indigenous and formal
ly adopted: Confucianism, Buddhism
and Tnolsm. Tho Kmperor Is consid
ered the High Priest of tho Empire
and can alone, with his Immediate rep
resentatives nnd ministers, perforin
tho great religions ceremonies. Con
fuelanlRm Is the State religion. With
the exception of the practice of ances
tral worship, which Is everywhere ob
served throughout the Empire, and
was fully commended by Confucius,
Confucianism has little outward cere
monial. Tho study and contemplation
nnd attempted performances of the
moral precepts of the ancients consti
tute the duties of a Confuclnnlst.
Buddhism and Taoism present a gor
geous nnd elaborate ritual in China.
The bulk of tho people nre Buddhists.
There nre nbout thirty million Mn
hoiumcdans, one million Itoman Cath
olics and fifty thousand Protestants.
Most of the aboriginal hill tribes are
still nature worshipers.
Pekln Is at once Interesting, despic
able, superlatively beautiful, disgust
Inily filthy, and, In short, n city of
contradictions. Originally a Tartar
encampment, begun by tho hordes that
swarmed to the eastern part of China,
Pekln soon became a forlllled city of
much strength. Here the Tartar rul
ers lived, surrounded by their Mauchu
followers fearing the white man's
usurpation far less than the numerical
preponderance of tho Chinese. So, lu
order to protect themselves from un
expected assault, they constructed
huge wall around their city for China
Is n land of walls and for a time lived
In tolerable security.
Gradually, however, the Chinese,
realizing to some extent their power.
woisniNri oibls ooino iiomk.
(The uiollv" power Is a single coolln.)
began n rival city adjoining tho Tartar
fortress. They, too, built a wall, and,
ns the Tartars did, whenever a work
man died, his body was entombed
within the wall. . In this manner, It
Is estimated, thnt one million human
beings found their last resting places
In the walls surrounding Pekln.
Whllo tho Chinese city Is of much
Interest, both from a sociological nnd
architectural viewpoint, yet tho Tar
tar city Is the moro Important, for
within its precincts Is tho "Forbidden,"
or Purple City, where lives Kwnng
Su, tho unfortunately progressive moii
arch of tho Chinese, The Forbidden
City Is a city of night, for there the
denizens of tho palnco of the Hon of
Heaven awaken and begin their life.
Llttlo Is known of tho Forbidden
City, for within tho memory of man
not half a dozen whites linvo entered
It. All lint Is known Is thnt It con
tnlns the palaces of tho Emperor, nnd
whnt is perhnps moro Interesting, the
famous coal hill. This Immense heap
of coal was accumulated for use In
case tho city was beselged. The bill
is several hundred feet hlghhnd con
talus hundreds of thousands of tons
of conl.
Whenever tho Emperor was about
to leave the Forbidden City for some
religious or Starb function, the lega
lions of the foreign nations have been
Btrf
BEING TO DISLODGE TOE BTElia.
notified, so that no unholy cyo might
rest upon tho puny form and sallow
face of Kwang Su. The eutlro route
to be traversed was curtained oil and
thousands ot soldiers line tho so-called
streets, so that no Peeping Tom could
ply his trade. But dcBplte all such
precautions, the well-known Oriental
propensity for money, exceptionally
strong In tho Chinese, enabled foreign
ers to sco Kwang Su at close range,
They beheld a shrinking, slight figure,
dressed plainly and utterly eclipsed
by the gorgeous apparel of his retinue,
The rest of Pekln Is very much lifts
all Chinese cities picturesquely con
fusing and terribly dirty. Streets run
lu the most bizarre fashion, totally ob
livious of their beginning nnd end,
aimlessly wandering from bnd to
worse, fringed on both sides by hovels
and palaces In confusion. Dogs and
pigs meander about, Jostle equally of-
TEA L'LKANINO PltOCESS.
fenslve beggars nnd unkempt children;
stuffy litters, suspended on long bnm-
boo poles and carried by coolies, make
life a burden; odors, concentrated be
yond the power of descriptive writing
to portray, overwhelm the nostrils; tho
effluvia of nges of nou-snnltatlon,
drnwn heavenward by tho torrid sun,
spreads disease; the chatter of a
thousand RUtte.rnl Mongols nnd Chi
nese Is Intermingled with the yelping
of the dogs, the squealing of the pigs,
the screaming of tho children, nnd the
loud cries of the coolies such Is Pe
kln. Of course, there nre parts In the out-
tying bills where the rich mnndarlns
nnd merchnnts live, where true Ori
ental luxury can bo found. . There,
magnificent pnlnec-llko dwellings dot
tho landscape, surrounded by Idyllic
gardens. The art nnd Imagination of
tho Chinese architect have found full
scope for his talent, and as a result
thiMc habitations nro a credlexternally
and Internally nil save tho sanitation,
of which thn Chinese are In blissful
Ignorance. Yet tho wealthy Chinese
has luxury, even though n co'ollo takes
OnrNESE FINOER NAILS,
tho place of au electric fan to cool
his fevtred brow.
Taken all In all. China and tho Chi
nese make an Interesting study from
any viewpoint, but It Is wrong to un
derestimate their brain power In such
study, for they nre far moro udvanced
than Is generally conceded. Let China
bo civilized, and the world will wit
uess as great n metamorphosis as that
which so astonished the world when
Japan emerged from her chrysalis of
Mlddlo Ago conscrvullsm and provin
cialism. 1
Tho nobles lu China, both male and
female, cultivate extremely loug nails
on the thumb and nil the fingers ex
cept the one nearest the thumb. Six
teen Inches Is considered a good length,
but those who mnunge to attain tho
length of seventeen or eighteen are re
garded with envious admiration.
coiPFcan or a rEKi.s woman.
Probably the Idea of the Impossibil
ity of doing any work with such loug
mills upon the lingers may have given
them the fashionable reputation.
Among the Siamese sliver case are
worn upon the Ongers to protect the
long nails.
' Although In bygone times European
ladles used to dress their hair ill won
derful and elaborate ways, nowadays
It is worn much more simply eoilTcd.
In China, however thnt dark, mys
terious lnnd which Is the world's cen
tre of Interest to-day women still
dress their hair In tho most elnborato
and fantastic mnuncr.
The Pekln ladles glue their hair Into
Imitations of tho tmtgplu or Jay bird,
or pllo it high with gorgeous flowers,
and bunches, loops and tassels of
pearls pendant from a great gold bar,
which forms the "hnlrpln."
The blue-black locks nro parted In
curious zigzags, nnd the ornaments are
balanced from the hairpin on each
sldo of the hend. Scientific American,
"DON COYOTE," OF THE PLAINS.
Tli American WIWI Mag U nn IntereiU
, ItiK Aulniul,
One of the Interesting nnd typical
animals of the Far West Is tho Ameri
can wild dog, lowland wolf or coyote,
Cants latrans. It being known under
these and other titles. While, a very
common animal, It Is rarely well
figured In tho books, and Is made to
look more fuxllkn than wolfish, says
Professor C. F. Holder lu the Sclen-
tllle American. Tho accompanying !!
lustration gives a correct Idea of n
young ninlo two-thirds grown. In
general appearand! It resembles tho
typical wolf, tho fur being a dull yel
lowlsh gray, with dark, even black,
clouded spots; beneuth It Is sometimes
reddish and white.
Whllo tho coyote hunts singly In
towns or villages, he runs In packs In
the open, and It Is here that ho dcin
oustrates his skill and cunning. A
friend of mine observed a pack of coy
otes on tho edgo of the desert mnulpa
biting a Jack rabbit. They swept
across the country In a line, soon start
ing a hare, ,'ucn formed lu two paral
lel lines about 200 feet apart. There
was a regular plan of action, and none
of tho coyotes seemed overexcited, but
when tho hare was Blurted they
wheeled Into columns like soldiers, the
leading coyoto running at tho top ot
his speed. After a few moments ho
dropped to tho rear and a fresh coy
oto toon tho lend, nnd thlj was kept
tip until tho hare was "rim down. The
chaso was a silent one. This method
recalls tho wild dogs of Australia, or
dingo.
Seven or eight years ago Southern
and Central California abounded In
coyotes, and tho State Legislature
passed on nntl-coyoto act, puttlug a
price upon his head or scalp. I had
tho temerity to oppose this, but tlmo
hns shown tho fullacy of killing all
COYOTB.
the coyotes, and tho act was repealed,
My argument was thnt as tho coyotu
was the only enemy of tho Jack rabbit
and ground squirrel his destruction by
wholcsnlo would result in a vast In
crease of rabbits and squirrels. The
Jack rabbit, a famous girdlur of
young trees and nn all-around enemy
to the agriculturist, without a redeem
Ing feature, Is tho natural food of the
coyote, which does not disdain the
ground squirrel. Tho coyote is also a
snake enter, even attacking the rattle
snake; In a word, he Is a valuable
scavenger and an animal to be pre
served.
Don Coyote can bs tamed, and I
knew ot one Instnuce where a herder
kept one that was apparently as tuwe
as a dog.
mm
THE REALM
New York City. Every woman rec
ognizes the vnlue of n bouse or break
fast Jacket that Is tasteful nnd becom
ing at the same time that It means ease
mm
I AM
-1 V l I,S
mmm
woman's house jacket.
and comfort. The excellent May Man
ton model Illustrated combines many
advantages and Is simple of construc
tion, at the same tlmo that It Is emi
nently smart. If desired It can be
mado from India silk in plain color,
from Japunse wash silk, French tlau
nel, flannelette nnd nil the range of
thin wnshnblo stuffs. As Illustrated,
however, the material Is fine white
dimity, the trimming embroidery on
Swiss muslin, with hydrangea blue
ribbon nt waist nnd neck.
Tho fronts nre In one piece, full nt
the neck, the effect of t lie vest being
obtained by the trimming nnd adjust
ment of fulness. The buck is lu one
piece, the fulness drnwn down nt the
waist, where it Is stitched to a narrow
belt on tho under side, which passes
round to the front nnd through open
ings mndc beneath the trimming, to
close nt the centre front. The big
collar Is seamless and attached to the
round neck. Itlbbnns nre nt Inched nt
the neck and to the belt, which they
conceal. The sleeves nre ono seamed
and bell shaped after the latest mode.
To cut this Jacket for a woman of
medliun .size four yards of material
LAD IKS' TAILOK SIADE BASQUE.
t,wenty-ono Inches wide, three nnd one
fourth yards thirty-two Inches wide,
or two yards forty-four Inches wide,
will bo required. . . r.;r1,-
I'., . -
,
finrmontf for Full.
Taffeta Jackets Lavo been constontly
gaining In favor until now they nro
considered necessary adjuncts to the
feminine wardrolie. Most of the new
models arc mado of tucked black taf
feta and shaped bo they can bo worn
open or closed.
Tho large Illustration, reproduced
from Modes, shows a Riuart Eton of
tucked taffeta and lined throughout
with Ivory sntin.
Tho tucking, being bins, forms In
V shape in tho ceutro back. It U
simply adjusted with shoulder and un
derarm scams.
The fronts nre shnped with single
bust darts nnd small steel buckles arc
applied on tho narrow taffeta bunds
which finish tho edges.
Tlfc shallow collar reaches only part
way lu front, the opening displaying
a high velvet stock on the waist.
Tho stylish sleeves nre correctly
shaped with upper and under portions,
having Just enough fulness at the
shoulders to give tho fashionable
rounding effect. They ore finished nt
tho hand with a narrow band of taf
feta, which Is also used to outline the
lower edge of the Jacket.
Etons In this stylo may be mado of
Lansdowno nnd taffeta, or of light
weight cloth tucked and trimmed with
bands of gold, silver or self toned braid
nnd small buttons. It Is exceedingly
Jaunty for cloth when mnde perfectly
plain and finished with machine
stitched bands of the fabric.
To make the Etou In tho medium
slzo will require one and one-eighth
yards of fifty-four Inch mnterlul or
three and one-half yards ot tucking
eighteen Inches wide.
Uacklet to ! Vara ou Fall Ilati.
There Is an ornament, the buckle,
which Is destined to an Important role
In the autumn and winter millinery.
Buckles are ot various forms: square,
oblong, oval, round and fanciful, any
ot which may be had flat and wore
m
mm
OF FASHION.
or less curved bnckward.nnd the shape
chosen depends on the place It Is to
occupy. Very largo and medium-sized
buckles have the preference over small,
and those set with slmlll nnd with cut
steel hold the first rank, nevertheless
Jet buckles nre In some demand, as
nre those of tinted gilt metal In fan
ciful "art nouveau" designs, some
times set with colored stones, pearls,
or bits of amber. Some new ways
of using buckles Imagined for straw
hats for Instance, the Insertion of a
long oblong one, curved backward, In
the front of n lint brim nre applicable
to felt. But the more novel nppllca
tlnns consists In using the buckle ns
n decoration for the bncks of small
bats nnd toques. Millinery Trade Re
view. TnlTefn Slrp on fl(iirn.
Straps of black taffeta now adorn
wash frocks when such nre what is
known ns tailor-made. The straps nro
carefully edged with rows of machine
stitching. They should be ripped off
when tho gown Is laundered becnuso
they nre usually put upon n colored
dress. Although this Is extremely sty
lish. It Is not to be recommended for
the wardrobo of n girl who Is not well
off. It Is n tedious business retrlm
mlng the frock after It has scoured.
Tim While Veil Fnt.
In the trail of the green veil fad
comes the white vail, which has not
been so much In evidence In several
seasons. At the seashore. In fact, at
all summer resorts, the green veil Is
omnipresent, but tho woman who floats
the green veil In the morning dons
tho white veil in the afternoon. These
green "complexion veils," as they nro
called, more often drape tho hat brim
than full over tho face.
There Is an ever Increasing demand
for double-faced clot lis that has
brought forth many new nnd artistic
combinations of colorings In the plaids.
This smart cape, reproduced from
Modes, Is mnde of nn effective plnld
In brown, fawn nnd beige, tbo yoko
LADIES' ETON JACKET.
nnd circular flounce being of plain
hctgo cloth, machine stitched, In dark
brown silk. -tssr -WSafS"
The yoke nnd collar nre In'one, con
sisting ot six sections, timing stylishly
t the neck nnd forming a yoko with
scalloped outline!
Tho circular capo Is adjusted at the
lower edge of tho yoke, fitting plain
over the shoulders and falling lu grace
ful folds nt the lower edge.
The flounce gives an additional flare
to the. garment. Convenient straps of
tho plnin materlnl nre provided, which
fasten on tho shoulder ami meet at
tbo waist Hue In back. When the
capo Is open these straps keep It In
proper position and distribute tho
weight evenly. Tho garment may be
mado of the plain goods nnd trimmed
with plaid, or lu self-color, as pre
ferred. 1AD1ES' OOLF CAPE, WITH r0IU
For traveling, as well as for golf
and mountain wear, these capes Are
exceedingly comfortable and much
more convenient to kaudlo than u
closo-llulng Jacket
To mnko the cape in the medium
size will require two and one-bait
yards U Oltj- four-Inch material. .
1