-I
Where the Soldiers Who Dio at Manila Are Buried,
"DITCH OP
JOOOOCOCOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOCO
STRANGEST AMONG THE o
PEOPLE DP THE WORLD ARE
THE DRUSES OF SYRIA, g
. 53300OOOQOOO000OO00OOOOOOCJ
Dr. Max Ormenheim. n distinguished
European scientist ami scholar, re
cently completed one of the most re
markable journey ever nndurtakeu
in the East. He explored little known
and out of tbe way part of the Holy
IjMki. Jie penetrateu to irainnicm,
which is rarely visited, and made
careful observations of the life of the
people now liviug in that ancient city.
During bin journey Dr. Opponheim
took multitude of photograph show
iug the dnily life of the people ho vis
ited. These have now boen devel
oped aud printed in the New York
Herald and they havo excited much
interest among scientific; men in Ger
many who have learned of the results
of Dr. Oppeuheim'a journey.
Dr. Oppenheim made hia way with
a private caravau from the Mediter
ranean to the Persian Gulf. The at
tention of the world is Uxed upon this
wido domain, for hero lies the land
which Germany, England and Russia
tirO UlllUIIBLlllU Dllll UlltJ uuuinni IU Ifirn-
sess by the building of railways. To
gain any real information of the peo
ple inhabiting this country a man
must be not merely an observer, but
a linguist as well. He should under
stand Turkish, Arabic, Syrian and
other Oriental tongues, and Dr. Op
penheim was well fitted for his task,
after a residence in Egypt of soveral
years. '
Lauding at Beyront he gathered Ills
little caravan about him, aud worked
his way up through the Lebanon
Mountains. He found a mixed mul
titude inhabiting these mountains, so
famous for their oodars in Bible times.
The Syrians, he found, were Chris
tians, but there were any number of
aeots, Roman Catholio, Maromtes,
Jacobites, Greek Catholics and oth
ers. He attributes much of the suf
fering of these people to their divis
ions and lack of intelligent leaders.
The Jesuits and those coming from
A G1101P OF DRUSE WOSIUS,
the American mission atBoyrout, says
Dr. Oppenheim, seemed to exert the
best and deepest influence upon the
people. They are not prosperous,
and as a result some ten thonsaud of
the men, emigrate every year.
Among the women, Dr. Oppenheim
ays, he found many remarkable for
their beauty. Some European influ-
INNER COURT Off
doc8, especially French and German,
are now being brought to boar for the
-development of agricultural interests
and industrial arts, but with no great
ooc ess as yet. Along the slopes of
the Lebanon Mountains many of the
wialtby merchants from.Beyrout have
Jf '
raw J
fjptow WjglL ipi5: 'fj?M(
THE BE."
their summer residoncos. A liotol
built on European models was opened
hero in 1H!7.
Thcnco the caravan went to Damns
ens, the oldest city in the world, and
which has been inhabited for thirty
live hundrod years. It Is mentioned
iu the TellAmarna letters found in
Egypt, dating from 1500 1J. C, and
has been inlinbitod ever since, and no
one knows for how long bofore that
time. Here are ruins thousands of
years old.
Hut the houses and life to-day
iu Damascus are most interesting aud
novol to the traveler from the West.
They exhibit a luxury aud comfort little
dreamed of iu Western lands as exist
ing in Damascus to-day. All sorts of
persons, says Dr. Oppenheim, are to
be encountered on the streets of this
ancient town, from the Christian wom
en in their white garments to the Mo-
hnmmednn inhabitants of the harem
wrapped up to the eyes.
l'roin Dnmaseus Dr. Oppeuhoiin set
out with his caravan, consisting of
ten persons besides his three camel
drivers, two hostlers, two Hyrian ser
vants and an Armenian cook, a Bed
ouin and a pupil of the medical
school at Beyiout. He made his way
through the wastes of tho desert,
studying as he went the Druses, whom
he had found iu the Lobauon district
and scattered east of the Jordan
River.
These, he thinks, form probably the
strangest nation in the world. The
women are beautiful, the men are
brave and intelligent. Their religion
is very curious, being compounded of
Mohammedanism mixed with some
elements of Christianity. It is hard
for any ono to say precisely what the
Druses do believe, but their life is a
peculiarly simple and righteous ouo:
DAMASCUS DWELLING.
Justioe is dona at any cost, and a high
sense of honor is well developed.
Like other Orientals, the Druses sit
oross legged on the ground and help
themselves at meals from large dishes
plaeed in the centra of tbe group.
Tbey seem to b industrious and satis-
' TMl DRUStJ N,
DRUNKS AT DINNER.
fled, althongli the dreams of formei
glories sometimes rouse them to
strangn flights of patriotic fervor.
Lovers of Browning will be glad to
learn something about that strango
people utilized by him for one of his
most dramatic poems.
The Germans assert, aud have tig-
nres to prove, that the nITorts of their
railroad to Angora and the district
south of it, Kouiwyah, have stimulated
the people to renewed efToetn for the
acquirement of agricultural wealth.
Dr. Opponbclra s trip show that titers
Is room for similar work all through
Hyria, and he has great hopes of the
time when this country will be trav
ersed by railways running from the
Mediterranean Hoa to the 1'ersinn
Gnlf.
Thero is no doubt that the district
east of the Jordan lliver is well
adnptod to the raising of wheat, and
it is only hecanse of the lack of facil
ities for transportation that this dis
trict has not already contributed a
largo proportion of this cereal to the
markets of tlio Orient.
Driving tlio (nrn1tno.
Tlio American soldier is equal to all
sorts of transportation problems; but
tlio slrnugest one he has yet had to
meet is presented by tlio ordinary
beast of draught in the Philippine
Islands, the water-lmmilo. This ani
mnl is called the carabao in tin
Philippines, and the name (pro
nonnced carribow) is retained by out
soldiers; but the Philippine carrabno
does not differ greatly from the com
in on bulTulo of India, China and other
Oriental countries.
H. H. Littlo, a correspondent ol
the Chicago Tribune, says that th
carabao is slower than a camel and
more obstinate thau a mule, and has s
hide "like the armor of a battleship.'
Ho "has but one hope, but oue am
bition iu lifo, and that is to lie down
in a puddle of water with just hit
nose and horns sticking out." In
doing this he will, if he can, also give
a bath to all the supplies loaded on
the bul-cai't which he is drawing.
Consequently a wild commotion
rule along tho wagon-train when il
approaches a stream which has to he
fordod. The soldiors, who are walk
ing behind tho carts as guards, lay
aside their rillos, and begin to bolabor
each animal and objurgate him in
three languages English, Hpaniflh
and Tagalog. Tho Chinese drivers
jump off the carti and also pound the
poor carabao, yelling in Chinese
As tho middle of the stream is
reached the excitement grows. The
carabao bogius to stretch his neck,
and bend his knees, and grunt sure
signs that he intends to lie down.
"Hi there!" yell the soldiers.
"Chop-chop! Prontol Git out of
that! Snogn, blame you, seoga,
pronto, hi there!"
Possibly all this may get the cara
bao over the stream without his lying
down, but this is unusual good for
tune. To keep him in good trim, tho
0
DRIVING TUB CAUAIIAO.
carabao must havo a bath every low
hours.
Often the desire to bathe will come
upon him in the middle of the night,
and he will break his rope and start
out across country in search of water.
Where the Mule Kcg Oo. I
By saying stalo oggs is meaut those
that are not strictly fresh or that have
been preserved for a vory Jong timo.
Many of the eggs that belong to this
class are used by bakers, not only for
the yolks, but for tho coloring raattor.
It is estimatod that 40,000,000 are
used by oulico printers, and another
120,000,000 go to nnmerous photo
graphic supply establishments, book
binders, glove manufacturers and
loather fluisbers. This estimate may
bo exaggerated somewhat, but it gives
an idea of the large extent to which
such eggs are used.
FneuinMtla CoOev lot.
A new applianoo for coffee pots and
other liquid dispensers has a false
bottom, with a valve connecting to
the main reservoir, whioh closes au
tomatically when pressure is applied
to an air bulb, connected with the
bottom, forcing the liquid through
the spout.
Ufa?
3D030000003000000000?OOOjjj
: FARM TOPICS
Having rtltltr.
A recent bulletin from the Vermont
Experiment (Station emphasises tho
importance of saving tho sources of
fertility, especially nitrogon, on the
farm, before buying commercial fer
tiliser. Nitrogen especially is very
expensive and may easily be secured
on the farm, since it Is found In clover,
beans and similar crop and I abun
dant iu barnyard manure and in muck
beds. When manure is net imme
diately npplied to the land it should
be protocted from the weather, since
leaching quickly lessens its valuo.
Vnlun of Onnil rmiturit.
An English writer tells us that iu an
experiment made there, one acre ol
rich pasture made a gain of 500 pound
of beef on steers fed there for six
months. On cattle of saino ago and
nearly same size, stall fed, it took
31.00 pound of clovor bay, 100(1
pounds corn and oil meal and 10,0011
pounds of nwede turnip to make tlio
same gain. The pasture was canon
good uunugli to have cut about three
ami a-half tons of hay if it had boen
mown, but even the pasture feed was
cheap. Very few here would pasture
a Held as rich a that, and wo are not
sure it would be economy here, but
we are very sure that it would be prof
itable to try to make some of the
pastures grow more grass than they
did.
An AilTuntiiRn In naming t.rgninoa.
It is claimed that to get the vory
boat result when planting leguminous
orops they should be planted on
rather poor soil. This is a big thing
to the farmer who has a field, or a
portion of a Hold, that is not up to
the average of the farm, and it also is
tho best means of securing for the
Hold an nveniao fertility.
Test have shown that where such
plants are planted on the kiud of soil
roferred to that they take np large
quantities of nitrogen aud store It tin
in manner that makes it available
for plant food which will be used by
the crops following the legumltiouH
plant. If the soil is too fortilo these
plants will take up the nitrogen from
the earth instead of from the air, and
this would be of no boueiit to the
farmer.
rrnpnr Churn For tlm llnlry,
Whou it becomes necessary to pro
cure a now churn for the dairy, got
one with a marked capacity at least
one-halt larger than tho quantity of
cream thnt is expectod to be churned.
We never saw a churn of any pattern
that did not do it work butter when
one-halt to two-third full thau when
more was put iu it. We have some
firojudice against those churns which
mve paddles or other arrangements
inside, though the best one we ever
used was built so, and we made good
butter and salted it and worked it in
the churn. But that wns before we
ever saw an oscillating churn or
swing churn, and when we saw one of
those we quickly decided thnt they
were on the right priuoiple, easior to
handle, easier to keep clean and
sweot, and loss liable to injure the
butter,
A lllnt For Siiininnr.
The clogging of waterway under
bridges aud culverts at floodtimo is
the greatest danger that they aro ex
posed to, and tho greatest menace to
nearby Holds, that may become
flooded. All suoh trouble may be
avoidod by the plan illustrated.
As will bo seen, protoctiou consists
now to rnoTKciT cuiiVnnTS.
in the placing of a well-braced post
about six feot up stream from the
opening under the bridgo, or, if the
stream bo wide, two or more. This
will catch any driftwood, which if
abundant will id alio a dam at a harm
loss place, tho water (lowing ovor, un
der and through the obstruction to
the unobstructed mouth of the cul
vert. Whon the flood has subsided
the rubbish muy be more readily
oloared away thun if choiiked into the
narrow waterway uudcr tho bridge,
M. O. Kaius, in Farm aud Fireside,
Ten rioml 1'olnU Fur Joultrjinen.
1. Givo your fowls a dry, comfort
nblo, roomy house.
2. Brood only from healthy, vigor
ous stock; never inbreod,
3. Feed a variety of wholosomo food,
but do not overfeed.
4. Let your hens soratch for a part
of their liviug; exercise is essential.
C. Do not overlook the grit ques
tion; hens have no teeth.
0. Provide cloan water for drink
ing; foul, stagnant water broeds dis
ease. 7. Cleanond disinfect your poultry
houses and coops at least once a week;
fowls have breathing organs.
8. Look out for lice; lot utter de
struction come upon them.
0. Avoid dampness, filth and cold
draughts; they cause roup,
10, Be sure that you are right
then go ahead; persistent pushing in
the right direction insures suooess.
Hi Gait of Halillrra.
It Is computed that in marching
soldiers take sevevty-fiva ateps per
minute, in qnick marching 108, and
in charging 130 steps.
PENSIONS GRANTED.
Struck Another Dinner In Hons. County Hit
lorlo Land Sold lor Coking
Purpose!.
Pensions Rrnnted lait work: John
ReillitiKsliafrr. Mononnahel:!, $o: David
T. VV'ii-r, Jiihiiitnwit, $14; Charlr I.oi-r-brr,
MonoiiKahrla. $H; William J. Har
ris, I aliliirni-l, fio; Anthony Jaqurtte,
Si'olldale, $10; jmriili llawkr, l.ccrh
tiiirn. $10; Frederick Davis, California,
$(; Joseph Koae. Mcadville, $H; James
C. Merriinati, Ingram. Edward
Thomas, Writ l-:li?nhi-th, $H; Edward
II. Sheets, l-'iitlevville. $10; Krymi-r
Itiiili, Turtle Creek. $6; William A.
Tavliir. Kittaniiinn. I.avinia 1. Rail,
Green-dim g, $H; Malthew J. Wel-ih,
Dunbar. $K; Anthony Lawman, Coal
porl, $H; William Ewing. Watnpnin,
$(; Hriie Kamey. Mt. Union.
Georte W. Wright, Mrrrcr. $10; James
P. (.'line, Murraynvillc, John Hix-r-tiliauglt,
Favettc City, $6; William ('.
Ramsey. Wliinglni-, $10: William R.
Wallis. Wiirtltitigton. $1.1; Jeremiah II.
White. Fayetlcville. $H; Nanrv M. Jack,
Apollo, $K; Agnes Watts. Hrookvillc,
$K; .i-rilda Armstrong. New Castle, $.
The ntimhitig Oil C'iniiiaiiy has an
other gusher m the McNeil farm, at
Gaines. Tioga county. The sand was
tapped Friday and the well at once re
sponded with a How that filled a 50
barrel tank in an hour. The tools were
rim into the hole and the production
increased by agitation to 1 10 barrels an
hour. The well has been agitated sev
eral times since anil is still spouting
oil n the rate of ?n barrels an lio"r.
It is located about 1.000 feet east of the
first gusher drilled in by the Itlosshurg
Company.
The railroad that is to be built from
McConnellsbiirn to connect with tne
niiio nt Cherrv Run. east
of Cumberland. Md and which will
give Fulton county its first railroad fa
cilities, will open un a rich ami fertile
section It Is estimated that in Fulton
county, there are ino.non acres of timber
land. There is fin an average 50 tons
of bark to the acre, ami at least 50 rail
road ties could be cut. This would
make K.ooo.ooo tons of hark and the same
number of ties. The quantity of iron
ore is beyond estimation.
losetili I.nnuhrev has purchased from
John Rankin 100 acres of fine coking
coal on Washington Run. Franklin
lou'tishin. Favette county, lor SdS.ono-
The tract is the original Washington
tract taken up by George Washington
just before he went into the revoltion-
Srv war. On the land, which was known
"Tin. Meadow " Washington erected
a fine grist mill which Lawrence Wash
ington and various lured men operated.
This stands to-day. ( )n the new tract
I.aughrey will erect 100 Coke ovens ami
build a milling village.
Ilarrv II. Camiibell. of Freedom, bi t
ler known r.s "Shorty" Campbell, has
started on his second trip to the Alas
kan gold fields. He was accompanied
by two other Freedom residents. Will
iam A. Korn and Samuel Rpangler.
'I hey expert to locate at t ape Nome,
Mr. Cainiihell has had considerable ex
perience in the gold fields, being among
the first to try their luck in the land ol
ice and snow. He returned home about
a year ago, having made a good stake,
While on her way to the United
Ttrrthren Church Sunday morning. Mrs,
John Ferguson, a widow of Hawkeye,
about 65 years of age, was assaulted in
n I.-ine near Scottdale bv all Italian
about .V) years old, who threatened her
with a' razor. A large posse captured
the fellow at Overton, a mile from town.
Had it not been for protection afforded
by officers her son William would have
wreaked vengeance upon the Italian on
the streets.
On the side of the Laurel ridge, near
Coneinaitgh furnace, there is now in
rapid course of construction the neces
sary mechanical appliances for what, it
is said, will be one of the largest and
best eniiipD-.-d stone quarries in the
United States. The company that is to
operate the quarry is the ConemaUKll
Stone Company and is composed of the
well-known railroad contractors. Drake
& Stratton, and II. S. Kerbaiigh.
Sixteen thoroughbred Guernsey rat
tie. the noted herd of Mr. P. O. Walker,
of Cecil, Washington county, were
slaughtered Tuesday at the Ilerrs Island
fcrtiliinir works on account of tubcrcu
losis. The herd was under suspicion
and by order of the State Live Stock
Sanitary Roard. Dr. James A. Waugh,
of Pittsburg, visited Mr. Walker's farm
and inspected the animals. His exam
ination resulted in the 16 animals bcins
condemned.
There is wild excitement in Connclls
villc and I ! u 1 1 s k i n townships, Fayette
county, because of the report that Con
tractor George A. Rowc had discovered
oil in the test well being drilled. Op
crations have ceased and everybody is
reticent. It the strike is even mdicat
ivc of oil, the (.onnellsville Oil am
Gas Company will immediately sink mil
cr wells.
Zara D'-rkins. ;he seven-ycar-oh
daughter of John liuckins. of Motion
gahela, who was struck by a train on
April 12, and who remained in a semi
conscious state for three weeks after
the accident, is now in a fair way to re
cover.
The Indian Creek Coal and Railroad
Co. h.-.s purchased 7.oco acres of coal and
lumber land in Springfield 'township
T-'avette rountv, the land lying on In
dian Creek, and it is feared the mine
water will pollute the domestic supply
o Umontown, when the mines are
opened.
Miss Grcttl F.stcs, of Green town-duo,
Crawford county, was severely bitten by
him to the ground until help arrived
a large shepherd dog, but succeeded in
throwing down the brute and holding
and the dog was killed, iiydrophobia
is feared.
Two 25.000-barrel tanks, owned by the
Kcbpsc Lubricating Oil Works at
Franklin, one containing 16,000 barrels
of benzine and the othcT a like amount
of naphtha, were fired by lightning dur
ing a heavy storm, and the contents were
partly destroyed, the loss is estimated
at Si 0.000.
The Pennsylvania Railroad Company
is making arrangements for the con
struction of a big dam.in the mountains
above Lilly, from which pipes will be
laid to Gallitzin and Lilly, to supply
water to the locomotives on their return
over the mountain to avoid the trouble
orprevious summers.
FIFTY-SIXTH CONGRESS
Senate.
NINF.TV-SIXT1I DAY.
Bv a dose VOle the tntlnff. rfdr.rlf.rl
Hie proposition to erect, without refer
nice to the price at which the govern
ment rouhl secure armor plate for its
warships, an armor ulatc factory. The
vote upon the direct provision was 21
t')2.t, and subsidiary amendments were
rejected by about the same vote. When
the committee's proposition was about
to be voted upon a filibuster was orgsn-
w-en, tne quorum of the Senate was
broken and the question is still In the
sir.
NINF.TY-RF.VF.NTH DAY.
The S, lint rinaar.il it, n "Ima l, ..,."
bill without n wont ol rlr-tvife Ilr
Rrosius showed tlinr t. A If (Win l,n
been appropriated to date, a little more ,
than 20 per cent, having been presented
by other than national banks. The gen
eral deficiency bill, carrying $).H'j,?.02i,
passed nie j inttno.
I he Senate committee on Interoreanie
canals ordered n favorable report on the
iNiraiagua canal bill, which was passed
by the I louse.
NINF.TY-F.IGHTII DAY.
The House passed and sent to the
Senate the last of the general appropria
tion bills, the military academy bill, and
win DC reauy to adjourn as soon as the
Senate disposes of those it has not pass
ed and the two houses adjust the differ
ences in conference.
1 lie Mouse river and harbor commit
tee reported an emergency bill appro
priating $joo,ooo, to carry on the work
necessary. It contains a provision for
work on the Davis Island dam and
either dams in the Ohio and Allegheny
rivers.
NIN'FTY-NINTH DAY.
More than t.ooo veterans sailors and
marines of the civil war have filed ap
plications to the navy department to
have removed the charges of desertion,
which now stand against their names.
This action was taken in anticipation
of the bill extending indefinitely I'he
provisions of the act of 1KK8, relative to
"innocent desertions," becoming a law.
The bill has passed first one Mouse nnd
then the other, but has just succeeded
in passing both in one session. It now
goes to the President.
ONF. HUNDREDTH DAY.
Among the bills passed by the Senate
were: To pay the estate of James
Young. Jio.iK.t in full settlement of
claims upon the United States for dam
ages done by United States troops near
Middlelon, I'a., during 1X0H: granting
a pension of $100 a month to the widow
of Gen. I.nwton; a hill providing that
nil .honorably discharged soldiers or
mariners, who saw service in the civil
war, in the Spanish war or in the Phil
iiiine war, shall be given preferment
in civil service appointments, age or
loss of limbs not being regarded as a
disqualification. '
ONF. IIUNDRF.D AND FIRST
DAY.
Nearly the entire day in the Senate
was devoted to the pneumatic service
item in the postoffice appropriation bill.
The matter went over without action.
Senator Sewell, from the committee
on military affairs, made a favorable re
port on the Mouse bill appropriating an
nually $1,000,000 for the purpose of pro
viding arms nnd equipage for the militia
of the various States.
PROMINENT PEOPLE.
It is stated that President Kruger's
favorite hobby is gardening.
The pictures of Sargent, the Ameri
can artist, now monopolize attention at
the British Royal Arademy.
Secretary Long is looking forward with
pleasure to his summer vacation at his
old home in liiickficld, Me.
Ruryard Kipling thinks .that, though
short stories may be written in youth,
the novel must be the work of matur
ity. The Prince of Wales says he is happi
est when he can spend a quiet evening
at home with the princess and their chil
dren. Speaker Henderson, who lost his left
leg at the battle of Corinth, has a new
artificial leg, with ankle and knee joints,
and hope to be able hereafter to dis
pense with his cane.
Herbert Spencer has passed the age
of eighty, f.nd. though never a robust
man, still keeps himself in good con
dition by the tonic of steady, intelligently-directed
work.
Arthur Sew.dl, vice presidential can
didate with Bryan in iRri, is reported
to be in very poor hcaltli and to have
been ordered by his doctor to go abroad
for the summer.
The health of the voting kin? of
Spain will necessitate his leaving Mid
rid earlier than usual this year. Ac
companied by the nueen regent he will
go to Covandoncra in A'tnria.
General Sir Georce White has been
decorated with the Grand Cross of the
Roval Victorian Order by the queen, in
acknowledgment of his services during
the siege of Ladvmith.
This is the official desirnation of the
British generals commanding in South
Africa: "llaron Roberts, of Kandahar
and Waerford. P. C. K. P.. G. C. R .
G. C S. I.. G. C. J. V... V. C. D. C.
I... I.L. D." And yet he is the shortest
grnernl in the service.
William A. King, the successor in
Congress of Roberts, of Utah, is like
his predecessor. Morman, but he is not
a oolygamist. He is thirty-seven vears
old, and has been in politics for fifteen
vears. He has already served one term
in Congress, and was well liked by his
colleagues,
General Fdward oorlv McCnok. one
of "the fiith tint? McCooks." has been
compelled to enter the Soldiers' home
nt Yottntville. Cal. If' was the fifth and
seventh governor of Colorado, and was
loner active in Kansas and territorial
politics.
Pirates of lh) Fhllippltv.
The Moros are born pirates. The ea
eems more their home tlun tlie land.
They fairly revel in the water, for wher
e'er possible they buiid their houses in
he sea, raising them on piles sunk in
the shoal waters of the coast. This
mode of building has been followed in
all the Philippine islands, the houses,
rin if miles from the sea, being built
on piles. It seems to suggest a time
when the Malavs were water-dwellers.
In truth, a backward glance through
time shows us the Malay sea-rovers set
ting out in their war-praus to conquer
the multitude of islands in the South
seas and haunting the coasts, so as to
be ready to take to the water again at
a moment's notice. -
, L