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Pretoria and
Her Seven Forts
K How (lit Capital of th,e Doen Has
B Been Fortified, q
imosiQsiciciciaaaaciQ.ciciQ.'ii
Pretoria, capital of the Transvaal,
Is country town, asleep back of
mountain walls and the frowning
gnus of seven modern forts. Hero,
onlessall present indications fnil ami
the war ends earlier tlmn men expect,
the Boers will make their last staud
against the English and endure a pos
sibly lengthy and bloody siogo before
capitulation.
On three sides of Pretoria the
mountain ranges rise to elevations of
1000 and 2000 fect above the streets of
the city, which itsolf is 4300 fect above
' BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OP
tea level, bnt HOD feet lower than the
He of Johannesburg to the sonth.
On the 'fourth aide the south and
faoing the approach from Johannes
burg the range flattens away to
vast and level plateau, treeless, deso
late, exposed at every point to the
sweep of any gnns that may command
it. The town is 1080 miles from
Capetown, fifty from Johannesburg.
On the map it seems as easy of ap-
Eroaoh as a prairie village in Ne
raska. But the map topographer
fails to present the lofty, barren hills
that face the south plateau, the
EMS
TBS BAAD HOCSB, PRETORIA.
precipitous banks of Aapies River,
the narrow gorges so few in number
the innumerable "spion" or lookout
kopjes that seem literally to leap from
the bosom of the plain and suddenly,
silently oppose access to the capital
city.
Yon look up to the mountain fronts
s yonr train struggles to find its way
into j'retoria ana wnerever tne eye
testa there appears to be the lines of
t, o redoubt, the front of masked
ries or the domes of bomp-proof
and cannon pits. To the north,
ast, west and south these engirdle
the city. They command the few
very few narrow entrances to Pre
toria. They watch like great dogs
the dusty, sun-rotted-veldt over which
ny English troops coming from the
south must pass. They blink at the
eta railroad to Johancesburg'and the
one to Lorenzo Marques. They f ce
the north at Winderboom and guard
the ways to Beorshoba, Hebron and
Polonia. Their location has been
with purpose. Captain Schiel, now
as English prisoner, constructed the
one at Daspoort from plana obtained
in Berlin. He brought special assist
PRESIDENT KBUOER'a
from Berlin to aid him in the
L 1 Amsterdam engineers built
i of the defenses. Alter tuera
French enafnsers. and then
i of Itolj-, so that the completed
structures represent the genial of
four nations.
rnrjs. Kvar.n'n mmcm at rnr.ToniA.
(Ilxre lis hoM rwrvlniw, exhorting the
Diirgher who drive In troin miles around
lu tlielr ox-carts.)
No one Just knows or will admit
knowing the inward mechanisms of
TI1E NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAIj DEFENSES OF PRETORIA.
these forts, the mysterious battery lo
cations. When the forts were build
ing workmen employed on one part of
the structures were not allowed to
work on another part. Sentries were
posted at all the entrances. Knowl
edge of the details of the work was
kopt from all but the president and
the commanding ofllcera.
In external appearance the seven
forts are alike. They have masonry
faces, with earthwork which covers
their fronts to a groat depth. Pile
upon pile of sandbags are staokod up
wherever sheila from the enemy might
strike. Thore are many hidden re
cesses, secret passages, complete tele
phone connections not only with eaoh
other, but with government buildings
in Pretoria. Searob.ligb.ts are mounted
in each structure so as to command
the surrounding country at night. The
magazines are underground and are
reported to be mined. Report has it
also that the near approaches are mined
and that the electrical construction is
such that considerable portions of an
enemy's army might be blown into
eternity before surrender came. For
food, in the event of siege, enormous
qnantities of maize have been accu
mulated euough, it is . said, to feed
the army and the population of Pre
toria for five years. The supply of
ammunition is calculated to be suf
ficient for two years.
The center of the systom of forts
lies about 3600 feet to the westward
of the northern end of Pretoria, and
has a radius of something more than
7000 yards. The center of the oity is
only abont 11,000 feet, nearly due
south, on the fort on Signal Hill,
which is about 405 feet above the
plain on the west side of the railway
to Johannesburg, and about 13,000
feet from tho fort on the hill to the
east of the railway and the Aapies
Biver running to the north. Between
this fort and the river are the foun
tains that furnish the water supply of
Pretoria. The distance between the
forts on either side of the railway is
7100 feet. The railway station, where
the lines from Johannesburg on the
nuth, Dolagoa Bay on the east and
Fiatersburg on the north form their
junction, is immediately outside the
city on the sonth side. The railway
to Pietersburg, after wiuding some
dittjuce to the westward, passes out
HOUSE, PRETORIA.
of the plain on which Pretoria is
itnated, through the Daspoort or de
file in the range of bills behind the
oity. Through this also runs the
Aapies Hirer, the railway and river
running together across the plain
through the VVinderboom Poort.
Both river and railway pass under
the gnna of a large fort 21,000 feet
from the oenter of Pretoria. The
westernmost fort is on the range of
hills behind Pretoria, and lies at a
distance of 81,000 feet from the city's
oenter. There is powerful redoubt
to the southwest on the range of hills
through which the transport road to
Johannesburg pnsses. This com
pletes, with various earth batteries,
the circle of the larger works defend
Ing the Boer capital. Behind the
great redoubt are the principal maga
zines, one excavated out of the solid
rock, with bombproof roof, and the
other built into the kloop, also bomb
proof. Communication between the
redoubt and the last-mentioned mags
nine is by means of a covered way.
Roads connect all these forts with the
capital, and they have pipes laid for
water, as well as cUa'rio lights for the
search lights.
The Boers call the ranges abont Pre
toria Magalies. The town was laid
out after 1830 by them, and named
after Prelorius, one of their first and
strongest leaders. He was the first
President of the Republic and Com
mandant Oeneral of theirarmy. The
real growth of the town did not com
mence until after the victory at Majuba
Hill in 1881. Johannesburg is the
center and home of the UHlanders
the nervous, adventurous element of
the Transvaal. But Pretoria ia es
sentially the center of the pastoral
Boors. Tropical flowers and plants
oover the valley in which it lies, and
willows grow in every dlreotion.
Nearly all of the buildings are white
in color. On the dome of the capitoi
is a golden statue ot Liberty. The
Witwatersrand mines, which yield
$100,000,000 annually, are but a abort
distnnee from tne capitoi. Howard
O. Hillogas, in Harper s,mentions the
universal prevalence of the bicycle in
Pretoria, of the telephone and the
electrio car. The Boor congress the
volksraad meets at Pretoria, and
President Kruger has lived there for
fifteen years. American goods are
largely in evidence in the shops of the
town, and the American shopman is
already there in large numbers. Pre
OOM TkVh'a BUILDINO AT TUB PARIS
EXPOSITION.
toria does not and has not encouraged
the presenoe of Englishmen, but Ger
mans and Frenchmen are welcomed.
The streets are broad and clean, the
water supply fine and ample.
Tu spite of its bloody war with Great
Britain tile South Afrioau Republic
had time to plan and complete a build
ing at the Paris Exposition and to
make it ready for the Transvaal ex
hibit. Every visitor to the great ex
position will be specially interested in
this display. The chief feature of the
exhibit is a collection of native min
erals, including the gold ores of the
Rsnd snd uncut diamonds. The ex
hibit also contains specimens of the
agricultural industry of the Transvaal,
such as fruits and cereals. A collec
tion of hunting trophies, including
the skins of lions, leopards and other
wild animals, shows what the Boers
have bad to euooun toria their marches
north through the wilderness. The
building has two stories, with cen
tral tower and cupolas on the corners.
Drinking Water for Klilniiri.
To provide drinking water on loco
motives a Southern man bas designed
a tank to fit in one aide of the large
water tank on the tender, the body oi
the small tank being surrounded by
the water in the large tank to keep
the drinking water cool.
FILIPINO POLICE.
Under American ttnnervlalnn Matlvss Keep
Order In Manila.
Native police were an experiment
once in Manila. Now they are a fix
ture. They carry their revolvers and
swing their clubs in an independent
manner, bold their heads high and
wear yellow shoes with all the dignity
of one to the manner born. Colonel
Williston, the Trovost Marshal, hesi
tated a long time before he wonld per
mit the natives to carry arms. But
at last Major Tiernan, who belongs to
the First Artillory by rights, and who
is Chief ol Police by virtue of his ap
pointment and ability, persuaded the
Colonel to select a small number of
the natives to patrol the streets that
were not as prominent as the Esooita
or as public as the Lnneta.
Kaliki, in a different shade from
that worn by the soldier, was chosen
as the uniform. At first there was a
question as to how they should carry
something to enforoe the laws of the
highway end the city. Ho thoy were
given clubs. Now, a club is effective
so long as it is within reach of tho
evil-doer, but as there was more or
less robbery going on among tho na
tives it became a necessity to arm the
police with something that would
shoot. That is how it came about
that the native polioe were armed with
revolvers as large as those carried by
the Amerioan soldiers.
Each policeman wears a cap, and
that gives him a military air. His
nuiform is tailor made and fits him
perfectly. The trousers are long
enough to reaoh below the tops of
yellow shoes and sometimes are
stuffed inside the laoings. On the
breast is a silver badge showing a
number and preoinot. The oflloers
are designated much as they are in
the army, either by stripos on the
sleeves or straps on the shoulders.
They travol out of their stations in
twos, one walkiug along each side of
the street.
One thing these nniformed men do
Is to keep the streets clean of all dirt
aud refuse. A garbage wagon daily
oomes along every street, the native
driver rings a bell and the householder
is supposed to send a servant ont
with the day's accumulation from the
kitchen and the stable. It is one of
the duties of the police to see that
the oaraboa cart is not kept waiting
too long at the door.
The men composing the force are
brave. They have been compelled to
rush into houses where robbere were
NATIVE FOLIC IS MANILA.
at work. More than one has been
carried away to the hospital badly
wounded in the fights which have fol
'owed. Besides this they have the
confidence of the natives and have
been able to inform the officials of dan
gerous plots or the presence of insur
gent agents.
All this has resulted in the appoint
ment of more native policemen and
the establishment of more stations.
Colonel Williston is satisfied that the
experiment has proved a success.
Among other things it shows that the
work of reconstruction. will, be made
easy, for there is growing confidence
In the ability of the native to admin
ister his own affairs.
Whin Tommy Atklut Gall Hie Nam.
Every British reader should know
the origin of the sobriquet "Tommy
Atkins." Tommy Atkins was the
name of a sentry who, when the Euro
peans in Luoknow were flying for the
Residency, ?;ciu the mutineers, re
fused to leave his post, and so per
ished. After that it beoame the fash
ion to speak of conspicuously heroia
soldier in the fights with the rebels
ss "a regular Tommy Atkins." Lon
don Daily News,
Queen Victoria'! Vaiuoue Blear.
Although many people are aware of
the fact that the Queen of England is
very fond of all kiuds of live stock, it
is not generally known that ahe goes
in for stock raising as a very serious
business, and adds very materially to
the royal inocme by so doing. Suob,
however, is a fact, for the Queen has
long been known to be the happy pos-
sessor of some of the best and most
profitable live stock in the kingdom.
The accompanying illustration ahows
her famous Hereford steer, which has
won prize after prize at different cat
tle ahows and bas just been suooess
ful in carrying off the bine ribbon at
the Birmingham oattle ahow. Queen
Viotoria is said to take a great per.
sous I pride in the handsome animal,
which has brought her in mauy nun
died pounds of prize money.
JStf
ths EtsiT&
Nw YonsOiTT (Special). For out
ing bats there are felts, but there are
more stitched taffetas, with soft
crowns and high brims. For the bl-
OUTINO BAT OP XRAKt, WITS WHITS
FEATHERS.
cycle and for golfing, there are khaki
bats in yeoman and trooper shapes,
some of which have the regulation
chin strap, which, however, is fast
ened around the hair behind. For
auoh headgear bands of khaki colored
ED VOCLABD WITH WHITS LACE.
rjUflrorarea mimlin era tha tiinil trim
ming, with bnnches of cock's feathers
or drooping pheasant's plumes, which
have replaced last summer's stiff
eagie s quins.
The sailor hat bobs up serenely; it
ia little changed 'in shape, though
occasionally it has an absurdly high
crowp.. For dressy ivear it is deco
rated with wreaths of leaves, or -with
twists of tulle and spreading wings.
An outing hat of khaki in a flat
beret shape, with two quills passing
through the khaki from side to side,
one on the orown, the other through
the brim. These are held by a double
clasp in strass. At tho side, close to
the hair, is a looped rosette of khaki
oolored ribbon.
Nflftrlv all hate eia ...annal 4a
1 " W..HU6UM I
match the neckwear and the parasol.
witu a blouse in green and mauve
will be worn, for example, a green
straw bat, whose brim is lined with
fine mauve hyacinths, close set. The
parasol, if possible, will be covered
with silk like that ot the blouse.
A Forecast ol Bummer Stylet.
Red foulards and oballies promise
to be even more popular this summer
than the blues that have so long held
their own. The model shown in the
large engraving reproduced from the
New York Sun lepresents a frock in
figured red foulard. The long, plain
skirt falls in ample fclds and has au
overtunio with a pointed tablier front.
The tunio is edged all round with a
broad band ot white Cluny lace. A
broad godet plait headed by a long
narrow laoe insertion raises this tunio
at either side. The bolero is iu red
velvet veiled with old guipure that ex
tends upon the shoulders so as to
form jookey sleeves. At one side
droops a laoe lapel over which the
bolero fastens with a single big but
ton. The sleevos have cuff corre
sponding to the "jockey-sleeve" at
tho ahoulder. Red velvet forms the
folded belt. The nnderblouse, of
blaok ailk muslin over green silk, is
in artistio contrast to the red of the
velvet and silk. Small taba ot red
velvet finish the stock. in the baok.
At the throat is bow in white tulle.
Tho bat ia in red ohip faoed with pink
muslin and edged with blaok velvet.
Its trimming consists of a large triple
looped bow in blaok velvet ribbon
wlti border in pink. A red velvet
Of faHN.
ohon holds this bow In place and more
ohoux appear boneath the brim atone
side.
An absolute novelty in street suits
is also shown in the large piotnre. It
demonstrates two things the growing
fanoifulnesa of the tailor-made toi
lette, and the overpowering popular
ity of the lace jacket. The suit is of
pale mauve cloth and has very
short, single-breasted, basqued ooat
buttoned snugly down the middle of
the front. Over the oorsage and the
sleeves of this ooat is the lace jacket
in ecrn guipure. The lapels are in
white satin, band painted with violets
and with a narrow edging in black
velvet. A broad, flat oollar of the
oloth forms au efTeotive background to
these lapels. Round the hips and
again a little distance above the hem
the skirt is banded with many rows ot
stitching. A cravat of white ohlflbn
finishes the throat, while the hat iaof
mauve straw faced with black chiffon,
and trimmed with white and black
chiffon. At one side of the brim,
against the wearer's hair, rests a mass
of shaded mauve roses.
For Ilia Children.
Children's clothes are to be trimmed
with heavy cream lace and insertion. '
Little boleros of the lane will be worn
with wash silk waists. Narrow velvet
ribbons also will be utilized in trim
ming their clothes.
iaehes on Their Frocks.
Sanb.es are very much in evidence
on thin frocks. They are arranged in
the long, slender effects and are built
chiefly of aome thin fabric.
Whirl Waleta In Infinite Variety.
The only monotony of style in shirl
waists has entirely disappeared, and
there is simply no limit to the varia-
tnt If SWEAT LACS JACIIT.
tions in design and decoration, soya
the New York Sun. For outing pur
poses and strictly morning wear there
are the plain tailor-made waists of
madras and cheviot, with a French
back and a box plait down the front,
but the dainty sheer lawns and soft '
silks with their tucks and frills are so
much more attractive that the original
shirt waist is quite eclipsed by the
more feminine variety. All over em
broideries are used for white waists,
and in small designs of dots and birds' ,
eyes, embroidery forms two-inch
bands with narrow lace finishing the
edges, on a plain white lawn waist,
striping it in three rows up and down
the back and front.
A silk bodioe which has the effect ot
a bolero is tucked around iu waved
lines, and the lower part of it aiove.
the bolt is of diamond-tucked white
organdie, very tine and sheer. This
forms the lower sleeve, the transpar
ent chemisette aud collar band and
the revers edged around with a frill
ot lace.
Another model with a yoke of lace
ia piped around the neck with black
velvet, and a cravut of the same silk is
threaded through an opening below
A DISIOX THAT 18 FOPPLAB.
where it fastens with gold bnckle.
a nneiy tucked chiffon bodioe has
yoke oollar of embroidered satin and
applique design in real laoe.
L