CECIL RHODES, SOUTH AFRICA'S "UNCROWNED KING."
DO0OO00000OO00OOOO0CX50OOOO
0 3
The Diamond Mines
of Kimbsrley.
Cecil Rh,ode3 Controls the Richest
prize in fill south, flffica.
50OO0OOO0OCOOO0OOCO0OOOOO0
N this country and
in Orent Britain at
tention bus been
strongly attracted
of late to tbe city
of Kimberlcy, and
this time the inter
est has been mar
tial; for Kimberley
ia the borne of Ce
cil Rhodes, the
Grand Young Man
of Africa. The
Bo era, according
to aome accounts, at tho beginning of
boatilitiea were anxious no less for the
' blood of Rhodes than for tbe rich
booty of the mines.
Cecil Rhodes is often described as
"the man who made Month Africa."
Mr. Rhodes was formerly Premier of
Cape Colony, and is certainly the tnoRt
prominent and powerful man in South
Africa. He has achieved that place
in twenty-six years. In 1873 he loft
Oxford because of a serions lung
trouble, and went to tbe Cape in
searoh of health. He is the youngest
on of an English clergyman, and was
born at Bishop Stortford, on July 5,
1853. He did not go to South Africa
to seek diamonds, bnt because bis
physician had ordered a change. He
continued his studies while living in
Natal, and returned to Oxford eaob
year until be took bis degree at Oriel
College.
It is hardly too mnoh to any that
Mr. Rhodes has made bis fortune iu
diamonds. Diamonds bad been dis
covered in South Africa a fow years
before he got there. Finally be, too,
caught the fever, and it was not long
belore he had staked all be bad in a
few claims. These be shared with his
brother, Herbert, who later relin
quished his share and went to the
north, where be met bis death while
banting elephants. Cecil plodded
way in the diamond fields, where be
uperintended bis gang of Kaffirs. He
m auccessful in his ventures, and it
was not long before be found himself
tl m possessor of some $5,000,000.
He was eleoted to the Cape Parlia
ment, and by bis politioal adroitness
was made Prime Minister in 1800. He
ought and won riches, but it is un
fair to assume that he has done so
olely for bis own aggrandizement.
With the advanoement of his personal
fortune be has also striven to realise
an early dream of bringing Afrioa un
der British dominion.
"That's my dream all English,"
be said, many years ago, moving hi
band over a map oi Afrioa op to the
Zambesi. Coupled with the acquisi
tion of wealth, he has labored toward
that end.
f' Que of tbe results was (he Matabele
war and tbe defeat and death of King
Lobengula. The Jameson raid across
the Transvaal border was probably
due to the influence of Cecil Rhodes,
for he has never denied complicity
with it, and as its result he resigned
in 1806 as Priino Minister of Cape
Colony.
Kimberlcy is tbe diamond region of
the world, far surpassing those of
Brazil in richness. Kimberly is not
ft city in the modern nse of the word.
It is a great camp in which men's pas
sions rise and fall as tbe treasures of
the earth are nncovered or not found.
Tbe camp is in what is called tbe Vaal
Basin, the wash ground of the river
whioh divides the Transvaal from the
Orange Free State. The first diamond
discoveries there were made about
1870, but it was ten years later when
Englishmen and others realized that
the spot was tbe most valuable of its
kind in tbe world.
By 1881 tbe mines wbiub bad boen
opened had yiolded gems to the value
of 8:20,000,000. By 1887 seven tons of
diamonds bad been taken out valued
at 8250,000,000. This record placed
the Brazil diamond mines in the
shade and made Kimberly world
wide in its fame. The Cecil Rhodes
syndicate, known as tho Do Beers,
came into control of all the mines after
much nogotiution. This syndicate is
capitalized for 875,000,000 and pays
interest at the rate of 6) per cent, per
annum and an annual dividend of 20
per cent. Sinoe Cecil Rhodes came
into control of the mines they have
given out 2,500,000 karats of diamonds.
To get at those it has boen necessary
to wash 2,700,000 loads of the blue
earth in which they are found.
In the working of these diamond
KlMUliltLKV, BOUl'il Al'ltlCA'B CHEAT DIAMOND
uiineB there are employed about 1500
white men and (illOO natives. The
greater proportion of theHe uieu are em
ployed in the Be Beers and Kimberley
mines, the two biggest holes whioh
greedy man has ever dug into the
earth. The De Beers mine has an
area at the surfaoe of thirteen acres
and a depth of 450 feet. The mines
are worked from shufts sunk some
distance from tbe original holes and
penetrating to the bine ground by
transverse drivings at depths varying
from COO to 1200 feet. Tbe blue
ground, when extracted, ia carried iu
KAVFIB rOLIOa AT TBS DIAMOND MINKS.
small iron track to the levels. tToon
these levels the bin ground is worked
nntil the gems within are extracted.
The process of extracting takes from
three to six months. Tbe stones
found vary in size from a pin-head to
the largest ever found 4281 karats.
This largest stone when cnt weighed
228) karats. It is one of tbe ex
periences of the mine owners that
they lose from ten to fifteen percent,
of their product each year through
the thefts of employes, who, although
closely watched, still manage to get
away with their loot. The punish
ment foi stealing diamond is fifteen
years' imprisonment. All diamonds
except those which pass through
illicit obannels, are sent to England,
tbe weekly shipments averaging from
40,000 to 50,000 karats. Tho great
est outlet for stolen diamonds is
through the Transvaal to Natal,
where thoy are shipped by respectable
merchants. .
It is said of the Rhodes interests in
the mines that they take good care of
their workmen. Thoy have built a
model village called Kenihvorth with
in the precincts of tho mines. In this
villago are cottages for tho white
workmen. A clubhouse has been
bnilt for their use and thore is a pub
lic library. : The equipment of the
mines is something remarkable. Each
mine has ton circnitsof elcctrio lights.
They consist of fifty-two arc lamps of
1000 candle power each and fi!)l glow
lamps of sixteen and sixty-four caudle
power each, or a total illuminating
power of abontC4,000 candles. Thirty
telephones are located in each mine
and over 100 electric bolls to each for
signaling. The lives of the workmen
re insured and every precaution is
taken to make their condition tolerable.
T ZVT. OF THK NATIVE DIAMOND MINERS.
The rate of wages runs from 82 to 84
per day, unskilled labor receiving tLe
lower price. What eflfoot tbe closing
of the mines by war have on the world
at large is bard to say. Diamonds
have already risen in price, but there
is a large stook on band in English
and French hands. )
The Great Corn Slates,
"The great corn States, according
to the statistics of last year," writes
John Gilmer Speed, in Ainsloe's, "are
in the order named, Iowa, Illinois,
CAMP.
Nebraska, Missouri, Kansas, Indiana,
Texas and Ohio. Eaob of these States
grew in excess of 100,000,000 bushels,
while the total of Iowa was 254,939,-
850 bushels. This year we are prom
ised from Kansas alone in excess of
350,000,000 bushels. Montana, among
the now States, grew the smallest
amount of corn last year, and Rhode
Island among the old States. In
Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont,
Massachusetts, Connecticut, North
Dakota, Moutana, Wyoming and Wash
ington all of the oorn grown was con
sumed at home, practically none of it
being transported beyond the county
in which it was produced. The other
Statos, aooording to the amount grown.
shipped corn to other parts of the
country and abroad. In price the
corn on the forms realized all tbe way
from sixty-six cents a bushel in Mon
tana to tweuty-three cents iu Iowa,
the general average throughout tbe
country being 2a 7-10 cents per bushel.
In 1897 this general average was 20 8-10 J
oeuts; iu iouu it was ii o-iu oeuis; iu
18U5 it was 25 8-10 cents, and in 1894
it was 45 7-10 eents. In the latter
year (1894) the produotion was short,
being somewhat more than twenty per
cent, less than laat year.
It is a singular faotthat Washington
and Oregon have yet no iron or steel
works within their borders.
lEFIT.j
FOR WOMAN'S BENEFIT
4
VI eld for Table nerorstors.
Table decoration lias become an art
In ltelf. A woman who possesses
deft tlnj.M' an t n tastd for ilorul ef
fects a i count on morn or less regu
lar employment dm ing Hio season of
dinners and tens, if her iite.i are orig
inal and she appreciate nrtistio ef
fects, not only upon the table, but in
the none nl surroundings. A table
decorator should understand tbe care
ami cultivation as well as tbe arrange
ment of flowers. Her work would then
be m lob enlarged, and the care of
lum-e plnnt", window lioxos, ferns and
pnlms in diiTeront houses eaeh day
woild give pleasant occupation and a
regular income. Table ilocorators are
employed by iloiisls and caterers.
lCtllnltow rintli for W Inter flnwn.
An extraordinary material intro
duced by Francis of Paris is rainbow
cloth. Tbe ground of the faluio is
white cloth, and at licit glance one
would suppose it were lined with a
i,av plnid silk. The i olors, w hich are
vsry soft and gleam like the colors iu
shadow silk w lieu the fahriu is viewed
in different lights. Hash into sight and
disappear at every turn of the wea-er,
reminding one of the reflections of the
i'.in shilling throngh a stained glass
window. Frocks of this fabric are
made up simply and usually trimmed
w ith black. A princess gown of roin
bow oloth is relieved by applique de
signs on skirt and bodice of narrow
black velvet ribbon. Jt lias a short
yoke of white moire applique with the
black velvet and cuffs of white moire
si nihil ly treated.
Now Fancies In Nerfcwesr.
Novelties in neckwear continue to
appear, in spite of the fact that about
one hundred different kinds of scarfs,
cravats, bows and frills are already
worn by fashionable femininity. One
of the newest neck frills is a Pierre
ruff of white and black chiffon, from
whioh depend short strips of black
velvet ribbon, with a steel or jet ball
dangling to tbe end of fitch. Below
the ni IT in front is a jnbot of chiffon
embroidered with chenille. A stock
of satin has an over collar of black
velvet, spangled with se yuins.'A pluitod
l- tl Die below the stock is edged by
strips of narrow black velvet ribbon
and sequins. The double bow- cravat
is odd. The first bow is at the throat
and its ends are drawn down n few
inches and tied a second time. Loose
bows with long ends are of crepe de
chine striped with narrow black vel
vet ribbon. Tbe ends nre finished by
silken fringe, beaded by a tiny inch
ing of tbe crepe tie chine. Scarfs or
silky grenadine gauze are of solid
colors, with a border of paler tint or
of Oriental pattern and coloring. Dark
blues, blacks and purples, bordered
with green, scarlet, blue aud white.
j'ollou, etc., are very effective.
Coral .lewelry Revived.
The popularity of coral is growing.
both in Europe and in this country,
anlthosowho are best qualifiod to
speak on tbe subject express the be
lief that the demand for coral jewelry
this winter will be considerable. The
beautiful cameos and carved pieces
which formerly wore fashionable, are
no longer sought, the demand being
coufinod to simple, forms. Almost alt
tbe valuable coral at the present day
comes from Italy and most of it is cut
there, although a not inconsiderable
part is cut in Germany. It is imported
into tins country ready for mounting.
It is cut eithor round, pear shaped or
en cabochon, round or oval. Heart
shaped pieces are also out to some ex
tent The round pieces are n-ed
chiefly iu the form of necklaces, guard
and lorgnette chains, sometimes al
ternating either with pearl or with
turquoise; tbe pear shaped pieces are
used chiefly for scarf aud lace pins and
pendants, link buttons, studs and
riugs are mounted with cabochon cnt
pieces. The gems which soeiu to eoin-
bine with tbe best effect with coral are
diamonds and pearls. In rings the
stones are set either singly or iu com
binations of three or five ; equated
fre.inoutly iu combination with dia
monds nud pearls. The favorite color
is a pale shade of pink. For mount
ing, liomau gold is peculiarly effective.
A Useful I'nilHi.kli-t.
Tbe present fashious do away with
the superabundance of underskirts
once considered necessary, and for
walking dress limit tbe elegante to a
single one. Thin petticoat must be
carefully made and liueu. White
skii'ts'ure used with bouse dresses
ulone. For tbe promenade a skii t of
silk or alpaca is necessary. These
skirts should be fitted us carefully
around the hips ns dress skirts are,
though it is uot necessary to suspend
them from a yoke. Line each bieadth
of the skirt with fiauuel or some warm
wool inatrriul. Sew npthe seams by
luppiug them, boldiug the two mate
rials tc gather and turning a seam on
the inside aud outside. This upper
part of the underskirt should be
sheathlike iu its fit, yet should give
plenty of room for free movement in
walking eighteen inches from the bot
tom. This skirt should be finished
by u straight ruffle, which may be
gutbe e l, but is often corded iu
groups of leugthwise cords extending
to within ten inches of tbe bottom,
whe e tbe fiouuee Hares aud is edged
with a full plaitiug or gathered rullle
two inches deep. If this rullle is
gathered it may be corded horizontally
with two o.irds near the edge. Use a
small cord tbe size of onliuai y wrap
plug twine for this purpose. The ma
terial tbst is most desirable for this
skirt is silk, beoause it is lighter than
alpaos. An old faded silk that bi
passed usef uluess as a dress will
Serve excellently as a skirt. Dye it
n even color. It must first ba
cleaned. Remove any grease spots
with gasoline and sponge off soiled
spots with a mixture half alcohol and
half water. Die the silk when it is
cleaned and dry according to direc
tions. Black is always a good color
for elderly people, bnt blue of the
blight medium color may be easily
dyed if the silk is not already decbled
in color or too dark, and it is an ex
cellent popnlar color for skirts this
season. A dyed silk whose lack
lustre views would at once identify it
looks very well in a petticoat of this
kind. New York Tribune.
M'hnl OlrU Learned In 17SO.
Slight attention was paid te the
education of women before the nine
teenth century. The first admission
of women to the free publio schools
in Boston was in 178;), when they were
allow od to attend them from the 20th
of April to the 20th of October. Presi
dent John Adams' wife, writing of the
opportunities for the education of
women in her day, snid: "Female edu
cation in tho best families went no
further than writing nud arithmetio
and in tmme few and rare instances
music and dancing." Mary Washing
ton was a bad speller and her husband
wrote hor letters for her to copy. For
the most part tbe girls were educated
at home. There were a few female
seminaries, bnt these were private
schools, exclusively for the well-to-do;
they were modeled on the English liues
and tbe school books iu the latter con
sisted of abridgement. Bluestock
ingism was in disfavor. Deportment
and accomplishments were tbe chief
thing taught in the private schools,
Tbe first college for women in the
United States was tbe Georgia Female
college, now the Wesleyan Femalo
college, opened at Macon, (it., in
18:19. It was, however, not a real col
lege, boing actually a seminary, but
called a college by tbe politeness of
the legislators who granted its char
ter. Mount Holyoke, founded in
1836 end organized by Mary Lyon,
also bad a curriculum that was merely
an academio course. Bnt the first resl
college for women in the world the
first that gave them opportunity to
study the higher branches of the hu
manities and the sciences was that
founded by Matthew Vassarat Pough
keepsio, N. V., in 18(11, and which
was opened in 1805. Abroad Oirton
college w as founded iu 1809, and slow
ly raised its staudard. In 1873 Newn
bara, connected with Cambridge, be
gan tbe higher education of women,
while the University of London opened
its doors to tbe "weaker" sex in 1878.
Coeducation, tho studying of young
men and young women side by side,
was regarded as an absurdity until
quite recently. The first college in
tho United States to admit men and
women was Antioch college in Ohio,
of which Horace Mann was president.
Since then the idea has spread, until
now more than half the colleges in the
United States open their doors to
women.
(.leanings from 1h ftliops.
Various new designs in elastic, belts
with girdle shaped clasps.
Mourning brooches and other orna
ments studded with pearls.
Jet toques and Spanish turbans
with spangled horsehair brims.
Golf coats in red or green embroid
ered with appropriate emblems.
Many plaid mater iulsiu warm mono
tones or dull-colored background.
Circular skirts of gray cheviot
trimmed with gray silk passementerie.
New designs iu belt buckles in floral
forms, showing exquisitely colored
enamel effects.
Eveuiug slippers of satin covered
with lace ornamented with strass or
brilliant buckles.
Satin ribbon embroidered with vari
ously colored beads or spangles for
millinery purposes.
Bracelets with attached chain purse
of gilt with enamel tops sprinkled with
small bright jewels.
Lounging robes of white China silk
or crepe do chiue embellished with
festoons of black guipure.
Small leather handbags fitted with
ink, pen, paper, stamps, comb, pow
der puff and toilet vinegar.
Toques of silver gray panne having
three spreading black wings, velvet
loops and pearl ornaments.
Artistically embroidered butterfly
bows, with stock collar attached,
trimmed with rich blond lace.
Broad assortments of camel's bail
fabrics iu shades of gray, red and
bronze brown, with crosswise bauds iu
contrast
Black and white nets completely
covered with an embroidery of sequins
and luce medallions in exquisitely
wrought patterns.
Pluitod moiisselines and nets in van
dyke points finished ou the edge with
luce or chiffou rucbiug with a baud of
satin ribbon above.
Walking costumes of Venetian satin
faced cloth, made with habit skirt and
waist trimmed with velvet and irides
cent passementerie.
Petticoat bodices made in fichu form
of finest cambrio trimmed with Valen
ciennes eutredeux threaded with vari
ously colored ribbon.
Petticoats of gray taffetta garnished
with ruff.es of tbe material trimmed
with numerous rows of baby ribbon in
many bright shades. Dry Good
Economist.
Critics vs. I'arformers.
"That," auld the artist, proudly,
"is what I oousider my masterpiece.
And I flatter myself," he added, after
a pause, "that I am at least good
judge of pictures,"
"Ifou," answered tbe thoughtless
girl. "Isn't it fuuny that good eritios
are so seldom good performers."
Washington Star.
KfSlE STATE NEWS CONDENSED
BAD NEWS KILLED HIM.
Anxlcut Falhir DrOpl Dead After Hearing t
Hit Son's Dem li In Porto Rico
Tho Boy Was a Soldier.
After waiting an anxious month for
news of his soldier boy, Hnmuel row
ell, of Taylor, nRcd 7C, dropped dead
Faturday morning- when a dispatch
come from Puerto Hleo saying he was
dead. The first news came a month
atto, and said the boy. private John
l'nwell, had typhoid fever. After that
the old man did no work, and haunted
the postolllue and tcl.-nrnph station.
When the news he waited for came It
killed htm.
The following- pensions were Issued
Inst week: Kdmund H. Hart, dead,
Hiadford, 16; William A. Oatby, Wash
ttiKton, t(l; Abraham A. lloyer, Al
tonn. t8 to $10; Oeoifte W. Frasler,
KlttnnnlnR, $16 to 117; Frederick Wool
ford. Fossllvlllo, 112 to $17; Llxzle A.
llnrt. Hradford, H; Khnda A. H.-ass,
1'hUipsvllle, IS; rlusnnna Btlner, Lees
huro:, S; LVIilah Linfr, Lovely, S; Jos.
Kldout, rlhlppensbuiR. $1); John H. Mc
Ulll, Elville, 112; John It. Walker, Ir
win, X; Thomas Maker, Itakerstown,
16 to 112; rinmucl Dundee, McUovern,
If to IS; John Young;, Komela, to Is;
lnvld 8. Cochran, Dayton, 112 to H;
Nicholas Dlnddle, Meyersdale, 116 to
117; Oeora-e W. Conner, Hraddock, $8;
John Arnold, Willow Hill, 8: Kdward
C. Caldwell, Connellsville,. 114; Ven
senas T. Llnnenbltrler, Klderton, $6;
Annie DnnahUKh, Marlon Center, IS;
Annie Motzo-er, Kochester, $S; Annie
tl. Paul , Pittsburg-, S; Parklson H.
Hhlpley, Mercersburg, 16; William A.
Johnston,, Tioga.- 6 to $S; Francis
Heed. Phllllpsburg-, 116 to $17; Peter
Kmith, California, $16 to $17; Andrew
Hraden, Hrookvllle, $16 to 117; Thomas
Tlerney, Hollidaysburg, 16 to 18; Mar
garet K. Smith, Rock Hill Furnace, Is;
Maria R. Robinson, Hmycksburg, IS;
Mary K. Kberhardt. Morris Cross
Roads, H; minor of Hiram M. Hyatt,
Ohlopyle, $10.
Mrs. James Starry, of Norytown, In
diana county, died last week, her
death resulting from the amputation
of a limb. Ten days ago she acciden
tally scratched her foot. Hcfore even
ing it had so swollen and was so pain
ful that a physician was called In. In
a few days physicians tn consultation
decided it was necessary to amputate
i toot to save the patient s life. A
second amputation above the knee
was made Saturday. The progress of
the disease was not stayed and death
ensued. She was 60 years of age.
Coroner J. J. Fltzpatrlck, of Wash
ington, was sent to Topsail to Investi
gate an alleged murder which the In
former says was committed several
weeks ago. The circumstances sur
rounding the death of a young boy, son
of Oeorge Miller, In the mining section
of Topsail, aroused the suspicion of
some people, w ho allege the child was
given strychnine. The coroner will In
vestigate the case, and If he finds suf
ficient evidence will have the body ex
humed and a pout mortem examina
tion held.
Five robbers entered the flouring
mill of J. Heece Pantnll, at Punxsu
tawncy a few days ago. They Insert
ed nitro glycerine In the space between
the body of the sufe and door and blew
the safe to pieces. They found $61 and
se me valuable papers. These were
scattered over the floor and found In
tact. The miller, living nearby, hear
ing the explosion, hastened to the mill
and saw the men run away. He fol
lowed them some distance, discharg
ing his gun, but failed to stop them..
Lottie Hays, 6-year-old daughter of
Grant Hays, a well known business
man of Pittsburg, was almost Instant
ly killed by a West Hnd traction car
lust Friday. The child was passing
around a wagon which was between
her and the car tracks, and did not
see the car approaching, and thus
shutting off the motorman's view of
the child. The motorman Instantly
applied the brakes, but was unable to
stop the car.
Grocer J. M. Bucher, of Johnstown,
who killed Daniel M. Peer, aged 14
years, has been arrested on a charge
of murder, preferred by the dead boy's
father, James Peer. Bucher claims the
boy was trying to break into his store,
but the boy's father and friends say
the lad was merely peeping In the
show- window, when Bucher, who had
been up In his store all night laying
In wait for a thief, fired the fatal shot.
F. J. Leuners. an employe of the
Hostctter Coke Company, was found
dead near the railroad bridge at La
trobe the other duy. His employer
believes the man was murdered. This
belief Is strensthened by the fact that
he was found In a locality that wan
entirely off the route to his home. His
pockets contained but '19 cents and he
had not made the purchase of a suit
of clothes as he hud Intended.
Riley Kulp, aged 22 years, was In
stantly killed at Allentown by the ac
cidental discharge of a shotgun In the
hands of James Dugan, aged 16 years.
Dugan, with a number of other boys,
was playing In a stable, when he
pointed the gun at Kulp, and It was
discharged. After the accident Dugan
surrendered himself to the police and
admitted the shooting was done by
him.
Arthur Whltted, a convict serving a
seven months' sentence for breaking;
Into freight ears, escaped from the
county prison at Lancaster last week.
His cell door was fastened by a hook
lock, which leaves the door ajar for
about nine Inches. He squeexed
through, and got over the wull with
the aid of a pair of horse lines which
he found fn the prison.
A petrified snake, measuring from 4
to ll'i Inches In diameter and 27 feet
In length, was brought to the surface
from the new- shaft of the Philadel
phia and Reading Coal and Iron Com
pany's mine at Walesvllle, near Potts
vllle. It forms a piece of petrified
matter weighing more than 100 pounds,
and Is perfect to the smullest detail.
Two men were Instantly killed and
another fatally Injured the other night
by the explosion of a Lehigh Valley
locomotive near Wyalusing, a short
distance from Iowandu. The dead are
Fireman Eugene Deegan and Brake
man Warren Robinson. The Injured
man Is Daniel Goergla, engine; r. Traf
fic was blocked for five hours.
Mrs. William Hysong of Altoona re
ports to the police that her 4-year-old
daughter had been kidnapped by Its
father, who works In Pittsburg, having
been separated from bis wife for more
than a year.
Daniel Loose, a farmer, waa killed
and his son. Ralph fatally Injured by
a Philadelphia A Reading passenger
train at a s-rade crossing at Berne a
few days ".o,
The Antletam German Baptist
church of Waynesboro, has expelled
Miss May Oler because she persisted In
wearing a hat In pruici un ce to a plain
bonnet.
Robbers at Jamestown, were fright
ened away Thursday night before they
could crack the safe of the James
town Banking Company.
Four cows near Lackawaxen, Pike
county, got Into an orchard and ate
so many frosted apples that they b
same intoxicated.