r
r
Among Dreyfus' grrevances is the
fact that be lias i ii4rt1 and adver
tised a great deal of literature on
which he will never be able to colleot
any royalties.
American people should no longer
pload ignorauee of Cuba. Puerto Bico,
Guam or the rbiliiiine, Besides
the numberless books that have ap
peared within the past few months, the
newspapers fairly team with articles
descriptive of the history, manners
and customs of these several islands.
In a recent publication of the Mass
achusetts Prison association, a strong
plea is made for the proposed legisla
tion looking forward to complete state
control of pennl institutions; that is,
of the placing of the county prisons
as well as a number of reformatory in
stitutions under the control of a state
board. One of the main reasons urged
for this change is that it will secure a
classification of nil the prisoners of
the state.
The London Telegraph has produced
a Sunday edition. It is the first of
the large London papers to do bo, and
has been followed by the Mail. Can
this be the result of the recent closer
communion botween England and
America. We have been told that
savages when brought into contact
with civilization rapidly acquire its
vices; bnt testimony to the reverse
tendency is imperfect. Certainly the
rule is that the older civilization cor
rupts the younger. It is a puzzling
thing to make facts fit scientific theo
ries. Scotland is about to receive its first
lot of American steel rails, a cargo of
600 tons having just been shipped
from Sparrow's Point, Md., to Glas
gow. This installment is part of an
order for 35,000 tons for the Caledo
nian railway, and it marks the farthest
advance of American steel products
into England's home markot. The
expansion of this branch of American
industry is strikingly illustratod by
the fact that at the wharves of this
one establishment in Mnrvland vessels
are loading with steel rails for Scot
land on tho i.at ana Australia ou
the West.
Grip is prevalent all over Europe,
and appears to be making the snme
record as it recently did with us.name-
ly, exhibiting a mill type of the dis
ease and having few fatalities, al
though extremely impartial in its se
lection of victims. There is some
thing enconrnging in this. It points
to a type of the epidemic lessening in
virulence year lifter year, and finally
to disappear far a period. The records
f over a coutttry prove that snch cy
cles of influenza with periods of im
munity recur about every thirty years.
We will not wear crape for it when it
retires this time.
Spain's decision to prosecute Ad
miral Cervera and the former captain
lain of the Cristobal Colon for the loss
of the fleet off Santiago savors of the
ethics of the Middle Ages. On the
other hand, an act one hundred and
fifty years ago, of Maria Theresa, a
' collateral ancestor of the Queen Be
gent of Spain, embodies the generous
spirit of the nineteenth century
When Marshal Daun lost a decisive
battle, after contesting it, his queen
went ont from her capital to meet him
on bis return, and by the warmest ex
presslons of kindness and confidence
raised his crushed spirits, la this she
won a commendable victory.
Professor Griudley of the Universi
ty of Illinois has written Senator Cul
lorn expressing his great interest in
the establishment of a bnrean of do
mestio science to foster the investiga
tion of foods, particularly with refer
ence to their preparation lor nse in
the household. He says that univer
sity has for some years given attention
to this line of investigation, and re
cently, in connection with the depart
ment of agriculture, has been making
a series of studies of tho composition
nntritive value, digestibility and oost
of the food supplies of the people of
Illiuois. "We are now studying the
best methods for the preparation of
meats for the table, " he writes, "de
termining also the losses involved and
the changea produoed in the different
methods of cookiug. The informs'
' tion that is being obtained as a result
of these investigations will be of .ranch
practical value to the people of the
state. The citizens of Illinois have
become ranch interested in our inves-
tlgatious and are constantly asking for
more definite information upon this
and allied subjects. It is highly d
itable that these aud similar iuvesti
gations be coutinued and their scope
xtended, as they may be in case
' proper provision be made for the pur
THE MOHM1N 0
When th winter snow Is maltla', sad Ike
furrow I a-snowln ,
An' them's Rap along the fences wiere
the drifts have broke thnrnllsi
Whon ye smell ths spruces an' the brakes OB
v ry wind that niowin .
An' hear alnngthe mountainside the houarie
a-follertn' trails i
Then ye hotter put yer frock on, for the
wnrsin iinya are nre.
An' them's no time left fur drearalu' lathe
mornin o tho year.
Whon thn cows are stanttln' la the ysrd.eoa-
u-ntiM-ime, a-ennwin ,
An' the rooster Hup his wings an' erows
upon the Ditrnvanl ante t
When the wind Is sharp an' gusty, an' tho
showers am n-nmwin .
An' nature's wipln' n!I the snow like fig
ures on a slum i
Then It's time to hang the buckets up an
tap the trees nin.
For tho sun Is crowilln' winter out an' shov-
lu summer In.
-Florence
PHILIP'S PROMOTION.
By L. E. Chittenden.
'All right," said I'hilip, struggling
with his white tie. A servnnt had just
informed him that his father wished
to see him in the library.
Philip was arraying bis comely sen
for the Mortons' party, aud as he fin
ished he surveyed himself a moment.
then taking up his gloves ho stalked
down the stairs and into the stately
library where his father sat at a table
writing.
Philip s father was a great railroad
magnate of whom most men stood in
wholesome nwe, bnt his stern face
lighted up wonderfully as the athletic
figure of Ins only son came up to his
chair and laid a hand ntrectionately on
his shoulder.
'What is it, excellency?" Thilip
asked, and the tones of his voice seut
a thrill of pride through his fnther's
pulses.
"Hit down, Plnl," said his father,
motioning to a chair near at baud.
Were you iu that crowd last night
that nearly wrecked a horseless car
riage and frightened a horse that an old
woman from the country was driving?
She might have bcoj killed if one of
you I fancy I know who (Philip
blushed) hadn't taken a flying leap
at considerable risk and caught the
horse just in time and stopped tt,"
"les, I was there, said rhtlip.
You see, father, the boys took old
Steele with them. He knows all about
motocycles aud things like that, mt
not much else, lint Steele put on airs,
so the boys pulled him oil the sent,
and two or three of us tried to run it.
It really ran us," said Philip.laughing.
Steele must have bad his foot on
something we couldn't find it and
you never snw anything go so, father,
never. I really don't know whore
they fetched tip; perhaps they're going
yet, for Steele turned sulky and
wouldn t let them know where the
brake wa."
I should think not," said his
father, smiling. "Of course, but for
the accident there would have been no
real harm iu such a thing."
"Except listening to Steele s lnn-
gnage, father; it was electrically blue,
ho was so upset in more ways tUun
one."
"But," went on his futhe.-, "is life
never going to mean anything but a
frolic and good time to yon, Philip?
You are through school, and it is cer
tainly lime for you to take a more se
rious view of life. Y'ou have no idea
of what it menus to earn your daily
bread."
"Oh, but you do that for me far too
well, daddy," said Philip, laughing.
'In fact, you earn cake, too.
Yes, that's the trouble, Phil, and
as long as you are here it will be
the same I am afraid. My boy, yon
must cut adrift and steer for yourself
awhile I think."
"When?" said Philip, with startled
face.
'Now," said his father, his voiae
trembling a little in spite of himself.
"How ranch do you owe in town?
"Oil, two or three hundred I sup
pose," said Philip, his mind iutent on
his father's meaning. "You don't
think I have done anything wrong or
disgraoeful, do yon, father?" aud
Philip's voice was very Rnxious.
"No, no, my boy, said his father,
promptly, "No, no, I am not dis
pleased with you iu any way, my son.
Heaven knows how I will got ou with
out you but we won't talk about that
now. You have passes on all the
ronds. Here is a cbo.-k for 500.
Now go out west and begin at the
lower round of the ladder aud climb
np. Here is a letter to my friend, the
superintendent of ths Great Western
& Northern road. He will start you
nt work. Good bye; don't coins home
until you have earned your promotiou.
It's all my fault, Philip; I haven't
brought yon up just right, but since
your mother's death I haven't been
able to refuse yon anything."
There was silence a moment, then
Philip came to his father's side.
"You areu't angry with ma then,
father?" he said.
"No, no, Philip, uo,no, only anxious
that you may grow iutoa mauly man.
Good-bye."
Philip pnt his boyish head down on
the back of bis father's chair a miuuto,
then weut upstairs, rapidly changed
his clothes, packed his trunk and
valises, came down aud caught the
midnight tra'n for the west, and it
wasu't until be reached Topeka that
be found he had left at home his check
for $500 aud had only a little silveraud
his letter of introduction to the super;
intendent of the great road that
threaded the west like a huge artery,
Ha found the superintendent's of-
floe without difficulty aud presented
him bis father s letter.
After the superintendent had read
the letter front his great eastern
THE YEAR.
When ths saves are alt a rlrlppln', an' the
riHlghliors' hnimnm erakla'.
An' the shingles that hare loosened go
a-flappln' on the roof i
When the front has nut his staff away an' left
ths romls a-sliakln'.
Ye will Unit the signs o nature closely fol
lowed by a proof.
F.v'ry llvln' thing ii wakln' like as If It had
a nap.
And the year soems sort n' hummln' to the
spring child In Its lap.
When yer voles sounds kind ' holler sn'
goe thro' the woods a rlngln'.
An' ev'ry sugar house around Is tendlu' up
a smoke t
When tho woodehuek sets outside his hole,
and robins un a slngln',
We can safely be n-tllln' that the heart o'
winter's broke.
An' ye li'tn-r git your frnt-k on. for the
worktn' davs am horo,
As' there's no pines for a dreamer In the
mormu o tun yur.
Josephine Hoyce, lu Youth's Companion.
1
X
friend ho looked keenly at the some
whnt slender, bnt nthletio figure before
him and smiled.
"I have an opening," he said, "but
it Is by no means a bed of rosos."
"What is it?" asked Philip.
"Not especially hard work, but it is
a lonely spot. There is n cut np tho
rond nbout 150 milos. It is in the
mountains, where washouts freqneutly
occur. Telegraph poles wash down,
wires are broken, etc. So it is neces
sary to keep a watchman there contin
ually. A railroad tricycle is fur
nished; also a shack where, after a
fashion, one can live. Wages, 810 a
month. Think you can stand it?"
The prospect was not alluring, but
Philip had mnde up bis mind to accept
whatever offered itself without demur;
so he said, "l'es, thanks; I will take
it. I suppose there will be shooting
and flshiug in plenty?"
"Yes, plenty of that, fortunatelv.
By tha way, yon will consider yourself
my guest for a day or two if you would
like your father is an old friend of
mine."
"Thank you sir," said Philip.grnve
ly, "but I will go at once if you
please."
So the superintendent, well pleased
with his new watchman's plnck, fur
nished him with a list of directions,
supplies lieadod aud passes. In the
fow hours before his trniu loft Philip
splil SQ't)e jewelry aud bought his sim
ple otttiir.
Only one train a day from either di
rection stopped at his station unless
flagged. He was dropped at his new
abode jnst as night was cloning in,
with supply bnxes.gun, camera, valises
he bad left his trunk iu Topnka. He
mnde many journeys up to where his
little shack, or hut.literully hung on the
mountain sido before his possessions
were landed ou the floor of his one
room. It wni cold, bnt the former
occupant had thoughtfully left a b.ix
filled with lesinous pine knots, and
Philip soon hnd a fire crackling de
lightfully in tho rusty stove and after
a very frugal meal he was so honestly
tired th.it he slept ns he had rarely
slept before, though on a "shake
down" of fia-jraut balsam boughs
coven
keU.
oyered with his great roll of blnu-
Hunting, fi.-dung and a touch of the
outside world through the books nnd
papers mysteriously sent him supplied
him with recreation outside of his
somewhat monotonous duties in the
weeks that followed.
Fortunately Philip thoroughly loved
nature, and the magnificent views all
around him were a source of endless
delight.
"When I've eirned my promotion
I'll bring his dear excellency out
here," be thought. "I'll show him a
thing or two that will surprise him.
The only thing is there is nothing to
do here that will earn a promotion."
However, one day, fur up iu the cut,
he was tapping poles and scanning the
track over a doep culvert when all at
once he heard voices below him. He
dropped ou his face and heard distinct
ly the details of a plan to rob the pay
car which would go through iu about
an hour.
Surely this was an adventure at lust!
He ran back to the place where he had
left his tricycle just as the mail train,
which had side-tracked for a few min
utes on nccouut of n bat-box, was pull-
l .. . 1.111 it .. ' 1 tu:i. .1
.u o..u ,,uuup, Mill x uiiip, vueu
whiz went a rope round the brake on
the rear car, aud Phil and his tricjrr' -
.-m rt ft
were going down grade tiedl7
lightning mail.
He hud tied on behind a freigllt
once or twice bofore this.and that wufc
fun, bnt this beat tobogganing nnd
everything else that he had ever heard
of in the way of speed. His lront
wheel did u'. often touch the track,
aud he clung for his life.
As the mull oars opened at tua side
no one saw him. "This meuus Mouth,"
he thought, "if 1 am thrown off, aud
I think likely it a death if I stay on,
but I must get home before that pay
car comes past. Evidently tha is
either a promotion or a disgrace;
there's no middle track."
The train was slowing up though
it never stopped close by Phil's
shack. Uufortnuate'y the , tricycle
could aot slow up with equal rapidity.
Phil's box oontuiuiug knifo aud pliers
had tumbled off long before, and now
the tricycle tried to climb the rear
car, the rope broke and Phil Hew otf
and lauded uear his own shuck, for
tunately iu a pile of balsam boughs,
while the mail car serenely proceeded
ou its way, leaving behind it a wrecked
tricycle aud a winded rider.
Two men who hud beeu standing iu
Philip's door rushed to pick him up,
snd whou his head stopped whirling
around be looked into his father's ares
and snw the western superintendent
standing near.
At this surprising event Philip near
ly lost bis breath again, bnt knowing
there was no time to lose he gasped
out the plan he had overheard of de
railing the pay oar aud then robbing
it, nnd the car was nearly due now.
So the two, each supporting an arm
of the dizzy watchman, helped flag to
standstill the pay train, aud then,
boing forewarned, they went cautions
ly ahead, followed by the eastern pri
vate car containing several railroad
dignitaries and tho pale young watch
man who had wished immensely to
participate iu the capture of the rob
bers. The capture was ofiVeted with neat
ness and decision, nnd Philip was re
turned to bis own abode, where, nfter
eutertainihg his, father and employer
at supper, they snt dowu before the
fire to talk things over.
"I came out," said Philip's father
with dignity, "to see how you were
getting on."
"Badly enough without yon, dad,"
said Philip, smiling, his hand in the
old place, "but I couldn't come to see
you until I hnd earthed my promotiou,
you know."
"There wnsuothing in the plan that
prevented me fiom coming to see you,
though," said the older man, smiling
up into his son's face. "Aud 1 renlly
think you hare earned your promo
tion, nnd I shall take you home as my
contiden iul clerk "
"There's a bill for n broken tri
cycle " began the western superin
tendent, dryly. "Not allowed," re
plied bis ea-iteru friend promptly. "It
was broken 1 1 the company's service.
Sou, you are promoted." Chicago
Record.
TRAVEL BY STACE COACH.
How the Mow K inlanders Went on Their
tourneys Mirny Yenra Ago.
In a lecture in the free municipal
course the Hon. George G. Crocker,
chairman of the railroad commission,
told many interesting facts regarding
the early menus of transportation iu
Boston. During the first third of the
present century stage lines increased
greatly iu number nud gave a more
frequent service. The stnge coaches
for long distances geneinlly accom
modated nine passengers inside nnd
four or five on the roof, one sitting
with the driver. The bnck part of the
roof was reserved for the baggage.
The stages for distant points left early
as early as 4 a. ui., and sometimes
2 a. in. It took Mr. (juincy nnd
Judge Story four days to get to New
York, aud Air. (juincy congratulated
himsolf in a letter on living iu the
days of quick travel. It took them
eight davs to go from Boston to
Wa'liintffdu.
Iu 1832 there were ninety-three
Hues of coaches running out of Bos
ton, some of them mnkiug trips twice
or three times a week. The average
number of coaches lcaviug Bostou
ench dny for points more tbnn six
miles distaut was sixty tbi ee. An ex
amination of Badger & Porter's stage
register showed that in the first third
of this century stages ou the main
rou'fis traveled nt the rate, including
stops, of four or live miles an hour.
In 1832 the schedule time trip to New
York was forty-one hours, traveling
night nud day, or a triHo over five
miles an hour.
As the number of stnge lines in
creased fares decreased, and iu 18312
the fare to New Y'ork was 811, or 5
cents per mile. But stage coaches did
not carry freight, which could only bo
carried profitably by canal. As the
great water routes did not connect
with Boston, a canal was built at
Lowell to a junction with the Myslie
river, near Boston, and opened for
traffic in 1803. It was used for fifty
years, and was fifty-seven .miles lon;.
After the opening of the Erie canal
this stnte considered the scheme to
connect Bostou with the Hudson river,
through the Hoosick tunnel, at an
estimated oost of 80.000,000. Iu op
position came the scheme for a horse
railroad, and this was much encour
aged by the successful construction of
buou a rond by Mr. Bryan from ljuincy
to the Neponset river, for tho purpose
of carry iug granite with which to build
the Bunker Hill monument. This
was the first railroad iu America, and
might be called the germ of American
railroad aud steam railway. Several
horse railroads followed, including
oue between Boston and Providence.
Bostou Heruld,
rr,. , 1.,l.r.l n.up.11.
1 Tub ikin of
... , ... .....
ti.'"' - J-"" "
I I . ..... l l . 1
ui ln ' many a ciock uas ueen luaue
that U warranted to go lor ouoo years.
I' - beeu observed in the hospitals
' ntt"8 ul nmputatoa nugers con-
unuo 10 8'
Until the reign of Henry VIII, Eng
lish sovereigns, as well ns their sub
jects, ate with their fingers.
In the middle of a game of tennis
in Oeutrnl India the other day a tiger
bounded iuto the midst of tha players.
A Frenchman has invented a duplex
piano, at which two people can play
on different keyboards at the same
time.
The fastest flowing river in the
world is tha Sutlej, in British India,
with a descent of 12,000 feat in 180
miles. ,
It is estimated that fully two-thirds
of the whole amount of publio money
held by tie Loudon bunks does not
beur interest, '
A custom peculiar to Buddhist is
that of wandering about the country
with hammer nud ohisel and carving
holy symbols npon rocks by the way
s do.
The Swedish bride fills her pockets
with bread, which she diapauses to
every oue she meets ou her way to the
church, every piece she disposes of
averting, as she believes, a uiisfortaua.
FARM AND GARDEN.
Why Varieties of Grain Itun Ont,
The horticulturist of the Michigan
statioil claims that one of the princi
pal reasons why varieties of grain run
nut is probably that oats, wheat aud
barley are being continually inbred in
nature, and the result is that, like
animals, their vigor and productive
ness decrease, unless the seed be very
carefully selected ench season, which
Is not often done. The dillerent va
rieties of wheat, bai ley. oats and pease
probably never cross naturally iu the
lleld. The fldwers are so protected
that it is next to impossible for foreign
pollen to rench them; hence, If new
blood is to be infused into a variety it
must bo done by artificial cross fer
tilization. This cannot be done nntil
thn bea I is carefully examined, the
flower found, and the mnle aud female
organs distinguished.
Snw flrtnl.T off 'lover Seed.
The farmer who would keep np and
ever be increasing the fertility of bis
land cnuuot well sow too much clover
seed. As the seed is generally a rather
expensive article it becomes an im
portant, and iu some sensous, a some
what dillicutt problem. In general,
early sowing is best, especially if the
ground is heaved or honeycombed
wilh frost, as the seed will be well
covered and thus protected from the
Into spring frosts. If sown late the
ground should be harrowed, even if it
is in wheat, with a light slope-toothed
or common spike-toothed harrow, as
both tho wheat and tho clover seed
will be greatly benefited by the oper
ation. How plenty of seed ten pounds
to the acre is not too much, and if yon
do not harrow, it will pay to sow at
different times, some early aud some
later, cross sowing it.
Where clover sown last spring is
much lifted, or "spewed," as a great
deal of it is this spring, the best treat
ment is to roseed the ground heavily
with a mixture of red clover and crim
son clover seed, and sow npon it some
good brand of commercial fertilizer at
the rate of 200 pouuds to the acre.
This will secure u good stand and
cause the crimson clover to mature
and be ready to cut along with the
red clover not frozen out. It will
also bring forward the young red
clover nud give it sufficient vigor and
growth to carry it through tho next
winter nud secure a heavy crop the
next year. Wherever there is a field
with spots of poor soil on the surface,
special pains should bo takeu to so eu
rich them before seeding to clover as
to secure a good stand and a heavy
growth. New England Homestead.
Itillnlna Turlcy, ,
After the first laying is completed,
confine the turkey ben iu a clean
place with plenty of food aud fresh
wntor. In a short time she will for
get her inclination to sit and be ready
for another laying. Some successful
breeders have their turkeys lay three
times during the summer aud nlfliw
them to rear the last brood. For a
common hen, nine eggs are sufficient
for a sitting. Throw a hnndful of
lime or sulphur in the bottom of the
nest. This will drive away mites aud
fie gray louse. As a rule turkey eggs
hatch well. The first dose that my
little turkeys receive is a pill in the
shape of one whole black popper.
Each little -mouth is forced open and
the pepper pressed dowu.
The first food for young turkeys is
Dutch or cottuge cheese aud their first
drink the whey which is strained from
the curd. Many people think the
making of this cheese is quite a task,
but it is in reality very simple. Let
the curd strain through a colnndor
and feed a little at a time at intervals
of not more than one aud one-half
hours. This should be their sole
food for two or three days. After this
the diet may be changed to stale bread,
soaked in whey or buttermilk. Boiled
eggs are also valuable. The cheese,
however, should be the principal
food nntil the fowls are a mouth old.
Au addition of a little pepper and oil
cake meal is desirable. Corn meal in
any form is almost sure death.
' The hen should be confined iu a
clean coop with the slat" far enough
apart to allow the turkeys to pass
freely iu and ont
-Move the coop
overy day and ke
verythiug dry, as
moisture is fatal,
r tut grass is
thoroughly dry
jivioriug, turn
j. !'or Wo eao'a
,Afs$o u, but
(J fVpiVlB lib-
1 .' weeks til.l t
the lions out for
day and allow
tuey must not
erty until two
t that the delicscT
have alwsyi
of yon
in n in,ini..u
to the
grown,
ith
cu leathers are
yonng
uihu returns
dowu for several wceksH," il its body
is well growu, bnt a yonurrfMey. be
gins at once to put out lui ge feathers
ou its wings and tail. This enormous
feather growth saps the vitality of the
body aud leaves it an easy prey to
weakness m l disease. To overcome
this tendency should be the aim of
every bi ee lor. L. V. Hopkins iu Tha
Agriuultuiist.
Rep for Sheen,
The following question asitert by a
farmer living at Whitney, Neb., was
submitted to John A. Craig, professor
of animal hrisbamlry, at (he lowa ug-
licultnral college: Will rape see l, iu
this olimnt
locality, do well, or
will it do Bi
moderately we. I, that
ts, pay to gri
for sheep feed? Thi
locality is bi
unning quite a sheup
country; it U
ideal stock raising
country, with
ilimate that is hard to
equal. Cuttle
id she ip ou the open
ranges all are s
fur In splendid shape,
but one should
kiud for bad at
oviUe feed of some
ins.
Professor Cia
s leply is as follows
"I cau hardly write ieiy definitely as
I nra not well acquainted with the elk
mafic and soil conditions of Dawes
connty, Nebraska. I would expect,
however, that rape conld be grown
successfully, especially if sown there
early in Uie season so as to be .well
established by the time the hot aud
dry conditions come in the snramec
There Is nothing like very rich soil to
enable rape to withstand very hot audi
dry weather,
"The best plan I know or to seenrs
this condition is to sow the rape very
much as they oftentimes sow turnips in
Scotland. The land is ribbed, that Is,
the furrows are thrown so as to face
oach other and make ridges, with a
rather deep furrow between them.
This furrow is filled with well rotted
manure, and the soil is thrown back
over the manure and then the rape
seed is drilled on the top of the ridge,
thus being directly over the manure.
If sown in early in the season
this way it is remarkable what a
rank, luxuriant growth of rape may
be secured before tha warm weather
comes on.
"If this is cut four inches above the
ground an immense amount of soiling
feed may be obtained. If cultivated
after cutting, the rape will spront
again and grow very strong. By cat
ting and cultivating in this way,! have
secured three good crops, running
thirty-sis tons of green food per
acre.
"By sowing the rnpe on ridges in
this way, it not only enables one to
give a crop two or three good cultiva
tions while growing, bnt the cultivat
ing after cutting also seems to be very
conducive to a quick, rank growth.
The rape being a very gross feeder, it
seems that it cannot get too much
manure. Sown early in this way it
seems to me that it could be sowed ss
a soiling crop for ewes aud lambs, and
any of the crops might be fed with
profit by folding fattening lambs od
it." Fsriu, Field and Fireside.
Low lleaila for Appts Trees.
I believe I am the first orahardist to
grow low-headed apple trees iu nur
sery rows, and, in fact, so far as 1
know, the ouly oue to grow thera in
thut way for sale. Trees with low
heads have many advantages over tall
trees with long trunks. I commenced
the expei iment over forty years ago
and have grown trees which measure
sixty feet in diameter of growth and
bnt eighteen feet in height.
A large portion of the fruit can be
gathered while standing ou the gronnd
aud on steps, and the balance by nsing
a short ladder. This makes the gath
ering of the frnit much more conven
ient and economical.
I know of trees so high that it re
quires the strength of two meu to
ruise a ladder long enough to 'reach
the tap. It costs more to harvest tha
fruit from snch trees than it is worth.
Agnin, apples which fall from such
trees are spoiled, while these that
drop from a low-headed tree are sel
dom injured.
Other advantages in this method are
that the trees are not so liable to in
jury from wind storms; the roots are
better seated and there is no trunk to
be injured by the hot sun in summer.
There are so many arguments in favor
of the low-head method of training,
that I am surprised that so few people
adopt it.
Home think that the branches are
more liable to sag down to the ground,
but snch is not the case. Trees that
are trained high and have a long trunk
will throw out tbeir branches more
horizontally tbun if they had started
near the gronnd. The reason for
this is, that the branches which start
ont near the ground are affects 1 by
the snn ouly on the npper side. 1 be
nnder side, being shaded, grows the
fastest, and causes the branches to
grow more upright. Heuce, they are
not as liable to get down to the ground
or to break dowu as when trimmed
higher. If they ever need to be
propped np they are down where it
can be easily done.
If any one is skeptical in regaru to
the reason given why branches of the
low-head are more likely to grow np
right, he cau be convinced by sawing
off snch a branch, and by seeing how
much nearer the heart is to the apper
side. He will find the growth twice
as thick on ths under side as on the.
upper si le. Hence the more upright
the growth (besides tha advantage
enumerate 1 above) the larger and
finer the frnit such trees will produce.
To start a low-headed tree the first
year's growth, graft or bud must be
eu t back to four or five buds. These
buds will make the top of the tree
tree without a trunk. N. B. White ia
American Cultivator.
Poultry Notes.
Sweet milk is good for chicks of any
age.
Guard against rats among your
young chicks.
, Weak or deformed chicks should be
killed at once.
Adult ducks do better if allowed a
pond to swim in.
Bemovo and burn all nests as soon
as brood is hatched.
Geese and ducks should never be
kept in the poultry house.
Chicks do aot require auy food for
fie first twenty-four hours.
Do not pnt kerosene on the roosts
during the hatching seasou.
Nic?, cleau wheat straw makes tho
bo tt uests lor layers or setters. t
Do u t grease the lieu when chicks
are first hutched at this seasou.
When chicks are hatched be sure te-'
ke.p them in a warm, dry coop.
Ducks can be raised where there ia
ouly sqftlcieut water for driukiug.
Keep the coopa and yards clean am
avoid gapes which are sure, to follow
filth.
Nests should be renewed every few
weeks, as the hens see-u to appreciate
a o eau, new uest.
pose."