SPAIN'S COAST CITIES.
I
Strongly Fortified But Not Able
stand Watson's Fleet.
mssm
The most important of the coast
cities of Spain on whioh Admiral
Watson fixed hid glittering eye is
Cadiz, on the southwestern coait, be
tween Cape St. Vinoent and Gibraltar.
It is the principal city of the Papvince
of Andalusia, the garden of Spain,
and has population of about (10,000
Bonis. Andalusia is the theme of the
most glowing descriptions of travelers
in Spain, and it is often characterized
s the most beautiful country and the
fluent climate on the globe. In that
land spring is welf advanced in Feb
runry, and there is a marvelous blend
ing of northern and southern vegeta
tion. Apple and pear trees ! blosssm
by the side of orangos, cnoti and
foes, and the ground everywhere is
covered with flowers. In the valleys
even the banana, cotton and sugar
cane are grown, while the fruits of
this region are esteemed the best in
fipain.
Cadis is bnilt on the extremity of a
tongue of land projecting about five
miles into the sea and enclosing be
tween it and the mainland a magnifi
cent bay. The site very muoh resem
bles that of some of the West Indian
cities, particularly San Juan, in Porto
Bico. Seen from either side, the city
appears as an island, and it is known
far and wide as the "White City." De
Amicis says: "To give an idea of
Cadis, one could not do better than
-write the word 'white with penoil
on bluer paper and make a note on the
margin, 'Impressions of Cadis.'" The
natives call it "The Silver Dish," and
it has also been likened to an ivory
model set in emeralds. Every house
in the city annually receives a coat of
whitewash, whioh is glaring and dis
Agreeable when new, bnt soon mel
lows to a fine ivory tint. For the uni
formity and elegance of its buildings
Cadis must be ranked as one of the
finest cities in Spain, and it is said to
surpass all others in cleanliness, al
though Che death rate is nearly forty
five per thousand.
The city is six or seven miles in cir
cumference, and is surrounded by a
wall with five gates, one of whioh com
municates with the isthmus. The rail
road station is just ontside the wall,
as are also many of the business houses
of the place. 'i"a walls are thirty to
fifty feet high, nineteen feet thick, and
on the side of the bay, where it is ar
ranged in broad terraces, is a favorite
place for walking in the evenings.
This is known as the Alameda, and
commands a fine view over the ship-
! 3PANISH
'JljlKMAN.
-ping and ports on the opposite side of
the bay.
Cadis is strongly fortified; in fact,
the whole city is fortress protected
by ramparts and bastions. It is de
fended by the torts of San Sebastian,
on a long, narrow tongue projecting
westward out to sea; Santa Catalina,
on high rooky line, to the northwest
of the city, and forming part of its
wall; Matagorda and Puntales Castle,
on either side of the narrow approach
to the inner bay, and Fort San Fer
nando, otherwise known as the Cor
tadura, an intrenobment south of the
city on the long narrow isthmus con
necting it with the mainland.
Cadis is said to have been founded
eleven hundred years before Christ,
and even nnder the Romans it was a
emporium of trade. In the seven
teenth and eighteenth centuries it
reached the zenith of its greatness, and
most of the trade of Spain with her
CADIZ AND ITS HARBOR THE MOLE
colonics passed through Cadiz. In
the beginning of the present century
It bad fallen to almost nothing. With
the opening of the railway to Seville
and improvements effected in tha har
bor, trade began to increase, and it is
again an important port. More than
t thousand vessels outer each year, of
whioh about half are steamships,
i Barcelona is pre-eminently the busi
ness city of Spain, and lies on tha
I'editerraneau coast, near tha north--im
boiily.' It was described
! ? C Tvitt?i as "tie Cower of the
H
to With-
beautiful cities of the world," and
Washington Irving had many pleasant
things to say of it in his day, bnt now
it is the great factory town of Spain.
Inolnding the suburbs, where ail the
factories are located, its popnlation is
500,000.
The old city, as distinguished from
the modern additions growing out of
the industrial developments of the
plaoe, has played an important part in
the history of the world sinoe the days
when it was raised by Augustus to the
rank of Roman colony. But the
Catalonians, or Catalan whose capital
ISLAND OF CEUTA. SPAIN'S PENAL SETTLEMENT.
it is, consider themselves first Cata
lans, afterward Spaniards, and for a
long time the people did not know
whether they wished to be French or
Spanish. Even at the present day
they are quick to protest again at any
aotion in Madrid whioh is not to their
interests. They have been in frequent
revolt, although in all other respects
the Provinoe of Catalonia is the scene
of fewer lawless deeds than any other
part of Spain.
Barcelona is famous among tourists
for its cathedral,, one of the finest
specimens of church achitccture in
Europe, and for the Bambla, a wide,
well-shaded street nearly a mile long,
extending right through the city and
a favorite promenade. It resembles
the boulevards of Paris in many re
spects. Another famous Spanish sea
port is Bilbao, in Biscay. It has many
curious sights, the most famous of
whioh is the tree tower.
The ancient walls of Barcelona
were torn down after a long period of
street rioting by the Catalans, who
were determined to remove them in
order to. allow industrial expansion,
and their places have been taken by
wide streets. To the southwest of the
auoient city is a crest or high bill,
-vhioh breaks down precipitously to
the sea. It is called Montjuioh, and
its summit is occupied by the Cas
tillo de Montjuich, a strong fortress,
said to have accommodations for 10,
000 men.
Cartagena, sometimes called Cartha
gena, is a small place of about 80,000
inhabitants, but its harbor is the
finest on the eastern coast of Spaiu,
and is very strongly fortified. The
plaoe was founded about 243 B. 0.,
more than twenty centuries ago, and
was originally known as Carthage
Nova, or New Carthage, to distinguish
it from the African city. It is now
the seat of a Captain-General, and
one of the three largest marine de
partments. The towns lie on the north side of
a deep, narrow-mouthed bay, and its
streets are spaoions but not impos
ing. The stone of which most of the
houses were constructed is friable and
the whole appearance of the plaoe is
dilapidated. But a good deal of busi
ness is done, principally from the
mines nearby, whioh are very produc
tive. Thousands oi men are em
ployed in transporting lead, copper,
iron, zino and sulphur to the port.
Large quantities of esparto grass are
grown near the town and it consti
tutes one of the prinoipal exports. It
is used in the manufacture of paper,
AND LIGHTHOUSE IN THE DISTANCE.
Te town is walled and is over
looked by the Castillo de la Conoep
cioD, a bill some 230 feet high, within
the wall ana crowned with fortinca
tions. In the northern part of the
place there are three other hills in
side the walls, similarly fortified, and
to the east, beyond the railroad which
oomas in from Muruia, is a high hill.
and the Castillo de las Moros. The
narrow entrance to the harbor ia
flanked by high hills, breaVing down
by precipitous voloanio cliffs on either
tde. . On the summits art strong
forts, and down near the shore are
many powerful batierles. The bill on
the ea.it is 920 feet high, and is
crowned by the Castillo de San Julian;
that on the west is 650 feet above the
water, and the fort upon its summit
is called the Castillo de las Oaleras.
The harbor is sheltered by the island
called La Escombrera, two and half
miles from the narrow entrance,
whioh breaks the force, of wind and
waves, and the town is still further
protected by two other forts, the Atal
aya on the summit of hill 6S5 feet
high on the west, and the Castillo de
Despenaperros on the east.
Cartagena bas had stormy exist
ence for more than twenty centuries.
As early as 210 A. D. it wss taken
with great slaughter by Scipio the
Younger. In 425 A. D. it was pil
laged and nearly destroyed by the
Ooths. Under the Moors it formed
an independent kingdom, which was
conquered by Ferdinand II. of Cas
tile in 1243. The Moors retook it,
hut it fell into Spanish hands again in
1270. The town was rebuilt!. by
Philip II. of Spain on aooount of its
harbor. In 1700 it was taken by the
English, and in the next year was re
taken by the Duke of Berwick. InJ
182!) it capitulated to the French, and
in 1844 was the scene of an insnrreo
Hon., About thirty years later it re
belled again, and on the 23d of
August, 1873, was bombarded by the
Spanish fleet under Admiral Loboa,
Six months later it was decupled by
troops.
Malaga is the oldest and most fa
mous of Spanish seaports and has a
population of nearly 120,000. It was
founded by the rnrcnioians, ana was
brought under the sway of Home by
Scipio. In the middle of the thir
teenth century it reached its zenith,
and after its capture in 1487 by Fer
dinand and Isabella it sank into insig
nificance; but in modern times it be
came famous for its grapes and wines.
The climate is very mild, and oranges.
rigs, sngar cane and cotton thrive.
Recently Malaga has taken a promi
nent place as a manufacturing town,
but most of the faotories are in the
w part of the town, on the right
bank of the river which divides iff
Malaga is not fortified, and looks
direotly out upDu the Mediterranean;
but its southern part merges into the
slopes of the foothills of the Cerro
Colorado, some 660 feet above the
bay. On the summit is the Castillo
de.Uibraifaro, the acropolis oi Malaga.
Cent is Spain s pet island colony
for conviots, and commands the ap
proach to Gibraltar and the Mediter
ranean, The Canaries are, all there
is between Watson and this grim isl
and, where, under the cover of for
bidding walls and mountains, Spain
TBIB TOW1S AT BILBAO.
ha3 tortured her exiled prisoners for
oeoturres past. ueuta is a rook
ribbed, rock-bound island off the
northeast coast of Fez, Morooco, and
is twelve hours' sail from the entrance
to the Straits of Gibraltar. It might
as well be called the island of the
seven hills, for from these it derives
its name. Of these the most m-
spiouons is Monte 'del Hacho, which
looks ont toward Spain like a signal
point set np to say "All's well."
Stretohing back from the mountain a
narrow peninsula connects the island
with the main land of Africa. On this
neck of land the town of Ceuta is
built. All around' are fortifications,
the high hills pnt up there by nature
and the prison walls and moats built
in succession by conquerors and re
modeled and rebuilt by their suc
cessors and strengthened again by the
Spaniards when they made of it a
prison hell. The seven walls coiled
about the town itaolf are thick and im
passable, save here and thcie where
arched bridges have been out through.
Between each wall there isa deep
moat of sea water, set down like a
seductive trap to catoh any unfor
tunate convict who might esoape the
vigilant guards stationed all around
the walls. Every one of the seven
hills is fortified now. . Up high on
Monte del Eaoho there is a strong
citadel garrisoned by Spanish soldiers.
Hers and there the walls are pierced
bf the noses of cannon, but there is
3
no evidence that they have ever been
used except for signaling, and it is
doubtful if they could be brought to
muoh better use, owing to their im
movability. The Canaris, that colony of Spain
off the northwest Afrioan coast, have
only two ports of any consequence,
Teneriffe and Las Palmas, and the
inhabitants are painfully peaceful
lot of non-combatants, wretohedly de
fended, poorly armed and likely to
rnn np the white flag at the first sight
of a war ship.
THE PRISONERS OF WAR.
Spain's Captarml Sailors Are Contented
With Their Treatment.
The naval battle off Santiago.in whioh
AdmiralCervera's fleet was annihilated,
bas plaoed in the keeping of the Gov
ernment about fifteen hundred pris
oners. These sailors,' who left their
native shores for the purpose of do
ing damage to American coasts and to
capture or sink our ships, are living
contentedly at Camp Long, Seovey'a
Island, Portsmouth, N. II., which was
prepared expressly for them.
These sailors are s study, and for
many reasons. They represent the
national type; they show the quality
of men who form the Spanish army
and navy; they are unmistakable evi
dences why the Spanish Government
was able to plunge the people into a
war which threatens the reigning
dynasty with greater clangers than
those of peace.
The captured sailors are made up of
men and boys. In their ranks can be
seen the gray haired veteran, who has
spent his life in the Spanish navy,
down to the smooth and innooent faced
boy, who, were he an American, wonld
yet be at sohool, enjoying his youth.
The suffering the prisoners endured
TYPICAL SPANISH BAILOR, A FRISOKES Of WAR
OX SEAVEY'S ISLAND,
while they were in Santiago Harbor,
and the effeots of the naval battle,
made many of them look extremely
wretched. When they landed at Camp
Long they had hollow cheeks, sunken
eyes and sallow complexions. Many
of them were barely able to move and
bandages oovered their wonnds.
It is a surprising fact that the
greater number of the prisoners are
boys, and yet this illustrates much
better than anything else the despera
tion of the Spanish Government.
Taken from their homes and impressed
into the service where their heart is
not, it is hardly surprising that the
Spanish navy was so easily defeated
at Manila and Santiago. The
type of the Spanish sailor between
the veteran and the boy is a
fair speoimen of the peasantry class.
Under normal conditions he is a
strong, able-bodied fellow, willing to
work when commanded, unlettered
and snperstitious. There is no doubt
that these sailors have a deal of faith
in their officers, as the soenes of their
parting testify, and the sailors would
be willing to ' follow their officers
wherever they were led.
Now that they are prisoners on
American soil, they are receiving the
treatment which, it oan be safely said,
has rarely been giveu to captured foe
in time of war. They are receiving
every consideration. Comfortable
quarters have been provided, good
food and decent clothes have fallen to
their lot. They are made to feel as
Admiral Cervera so prettily said, that
these prisoners "are the wards of the
American people." That expresses it.
We are oivilized, and treat our unfor
tunate enemies in a civilized way.
- -These sailors
are beginning to ap
preciate their treatment. Their
minds have been disabused of the
falsehoods they were told by their
officers. The prisoners were told we
would kill them if they fell into our
hands. Allowing for the misfortunes
they have suffered, they are happy in
their imprisonment, and their natures
are softened by such kind treatment.
As they are naturally dull, they do
not indulge in muoh amusement in
their confinement. They assooiate in
groups and spend most of the time
talking, probably about their folks at
home, their mothers, wives and chil
dren, as the case may be. Some ol
them play cards, and pass the hours
that way. Some walk around for ex.
ercise, but as a whole the sailors de
not seem to be very fond of it. The)
like to lay around and take life easy,
and thankful for whatever comes theii
way.
Heavey's Island is well guarded, so
that it any attempt to eaoapa is mailt
it will be frustrated. Marines patrol
the grounds around, 'and maohinegum
faos the big yard in wbich thi
orison ers take their exctreUss,
p " xt
IFOR WOMAN'S BENEFIT- i
h a
Tighter Skirts.
Skirts of tailor made gowns are to
be fitted very tightly next winter. At
the feet they will flare in bell shape.
Trimmings tor Velvet Cane.
A enpe of velvet is elaborately
trimmed with very rich galloon. The
dot-oration is carried to a pitch that
almost suggests excess. In addition
to the galloon there is an edging of
rich lace, which is gathered very full
and so adjusted that the lower edge
of the lace and the edge of the gar
ment meet. A fentnre of such trim
ming seems to be to place it not be
low the edge of the gnrment but even
with it.
Itnltntlnn Jewels In F avor.
Imitation jewels are gaining favor
every day, in spite of the superstitious
prejudice that makes some womon
look askance even at a rhinestone
buckle. Barrel-shaped buttons in
diamonds, pearl, turquoises or opals
are new and effective. They are placed
at intervals on the narrow waist band.
Most of the paste jewels are set in oxi
dized silver or steel, but probably the
prettiest imitation ornaments for even
ing gowns are in paste made np into
some of the most beautiful shapes
after the designs of the Louis XIV
and Louis XV periods.
How to Tie the llnw,
Mado-np neck bows have veered
around before the wind of fancy, and
ribbon stocks do not twist their co
quettish knots either in front or be
hind. Tie your bow nnder your left
ear and let the loops and ends stick
out just as far as yon please. In the
lists of new neckties are noticed nar
rowest folds of gros-grain silk. This
is esteemed as far more modish than
the long-triad and more-wanting satin.
The gros-grain ties knot in the most
miniatnre bows in front, for all nock
decoration with shirt waists runs
now to one or two extremes. Novel
ahirt waist collars are of two species,
either very, very high regular ear
clippers else bands of white linen
that have very narrow turnovers of
faintly tinted or speckled percale.
Some Styles In Footwear.
The woman who desires fashionable
footwear can snrely find something in
these days to suit her taste. In Lon
don daiuty oxfords may be secured in
either tan or green glace kid. For
more dressy wear there are what are
known as "Cromwell shoes," which
have pronounced buckles in jot or
silver. The athletic girl has many
styles from which to choose. A white
buckskin is worn in London for boat
ing. Cycling shoes with rubber soles,
which prevent the foot from slipping
from the pedal, are in deinaud by de
votees of the wheel. For house and
evening wear there are shoes made of
bronze and fine kid, decorated with
jewels, having a single, double or
triple straps across the instep. Some
women send cuttings of the silk or
satin of which their dresses are made
to their shoemakers and have dainty
slippers made of the same material.
Mannish Glove Looting Fnvor.
The severely plain glove is not gain
ing in favor, according to one au
thority. There is a demand for fancy
stitching and trimmings, for clasps
and hooks instead of buttons, and a
decided preference for pale tans and
grays and deep Russian green for the
street, and for light yellows, pearl
shades, pink and green for evening
wear. Novelties are ont in tan, with
pink stitching, black with yellow, yel
low with lavender and ox blood with
green. The lambskin two-clusp glove
in all color is the correct thing to wear
with tailor-made costumes. An odd
glove that is to be introduced for
evening wear is of snede to the wrist.
From the wrist to above the elbow it
is of lace rnn through with narrow
ribbons. In some cases these ribbons
are spangled with sequins. The glove
is secured at the top by ribbons run
through a heading of embroidery and
tied iu a bow.
A Woman Gold Miner.
A new field of work for enterprising
women is the gold field. Witness the
experience of plucky Jennie Hilton, a
80-year-old gold miner, who recently
set ont for the Klondike. All her life
Miss Hilton has been an enthusiast in
mineralogy. Forced to make her own
way in the world, she became a school
teacher; but a preliminary trial of the
prospector's life so delighted ber that
at once she resigned her position and
took np the life of a practical miner,
drawing her uncle and her brother
into her enthusiastic plans. Since that
time she has trampe.l, over hundreds
of milc of diflicnlt mountains and bur
leu pluins, working for months where
the thermometer stood at 113 degrees
in the shade, daring the neighborhood
of the most lawless men and the wild
est camps, and always meeting with
courteous treatment. With remark
able skill, courage and determination,
she fmiud and opened a gold mine iu
one of Arizona's hottest deserts, and
traveled among investors nutil she
sold it. That was her first success.
It has been followed by othors, and
she is now worth $43,000. The Path
finder. ,
The Curly Hang In Style.
The curly bang, after a season or
two of suppression, is beginning to
fringe out rather luxuriantly again. It
runs in a row of coquettish little curls
from ear to ear over the forehead,
while those women who suffer from
too exteusive spread of brow are
adopting a very clever modification of
the old style water wave. Instead of
plastering wisps of soapy hair flat to
the forehead, a broad baudean is
drawn down, within half an inch of
the eyebrows, and then deeply fluted
by the irons. This is ons of tha soft
est frames a face can be set in, and
when ths wsves are properly mads
and adjusted they give the face a
peculiarly tender and plaintive ex
pression. Women whose locks are
undeniably turning and who are too
courageous to yield to the blandish
ments of the hairdresser,' adopt for
the evening a pretty fantaisie coiffure
called the Princess de Lamballe. For
this the bair is lightly flaked with
powder In front, rolled softly back,
waved a little, then gathered into a
clnster of coils, held in place by s tor-
toise shell, or pale green shell comb.
A delicate fringe is permitted to crop
ont about the brow and the liead is
crowned by a half garland of tiny pink
and white noisette roses.
Women's t'lnlia In the t'nlted Slates,
It will undoubtedly surprise those
to whom women's clubs are but a
name that there are more than 2410
clubs scattered throughout the coun
try, with a total membership of half a
million women. Furthermore, this
number includes only clubs that are
regularly organized and federated, and
not the hosts of social, literary, edu
cational and musical or patriotic soci
eties, which from time to time are ab
sorbed into the federation, that is
stesdily increasing. This club move
ment began in 1852, with one or two
small societies. It has extended
throughout the United States and bas
branches in Africa, Honth America,
India, England and Australia. Wom
en's clubs may be divided into three
great classes: Those organized for
self-improvement of their own mem
bers, those whose object is practical
effort in the furtherance of some cause
believed to be good, and those who
work for mutual improvement and
the advancement of social conditions
in the home and in the community.
The great department clubs, like the
Horosis and Chicago Woman's clnb,
are, perhnps, the most typical. In
addition to the study of art, litera
ture, music and drama, they are en
gaged in practical work on the lines
of philanthropy, social economics,
finance and parliamentary law. Maine
was the first state to take np the spe
cial work of education. Minnesota,
Iowa, Utah and Colorado have been
very active in the canse of edncation
and village and town improvement,
and some of the southern states, nota
bly Georgia and Tennessee, are doing
much in the way of educating the
mountaineers by means of reading cir
cles and traveling libraries. The
Woman's club of New Orleans has es
tablished night schools, and the edu
cation committee of the New York
Federation, which consists of 181
clubs and nearly 25,000 women, bas
the most complete plans for carrying
on its educational work. Chicago
Times-Herald.
Fashion's Fancies.
White satin, embroidered with gold
for yokes and full fronts, is stylish.
Modified shirtwaists with big sailor
collars, for wee girls, are being worn.
The tucks on lingerie are now placed,
from one-eighth to hulf an inch apart.
Albatrovi will still be worn this sea
sou, although not so much as form
erly. Pique will be as much used as ever
this season for seaside and mountain
wear.
White mousBeline de soie is still a
favorite and will be for some time to
come.
Tiny turtle shapes are used for
stick pins, brooches, buttons and
buckles.
Golfers' sunshades, with handles
that are exact replicas of the clubs,ars
popular.
Persian lawn will be popular this
year, and will be trimmed with lace
edgings.
Black net gowns over white, with
burnt orange collars and belts, make
a pretty appearanc e.
Young women wishing a little
heavier material than gauze will find
white batiste satisfactory.
An old favorite that is being re
vivod is the white grenadine, with
fancy dots of white chenille.
Kuflie of silk or net, finished with
black velvet ribbou, are seen ou a
great many cf the new skirts.
The butterfly fan is oue of the nov
elties of the season. It is gayly
adorned with tinsel and spangles.
A new fabric is the "Radiant" drap
de soie. This is a heavy silky gauze
mutei Jul, well adapted to the present
clinging style.
Dotted Swisses are most fashion
able at the present time. They are
made with many lace-edged ruilles and
bows of ribbon.
Black lace gowns over white silk
foundations meet with general ap
proval. Iu this way it is possible to
use si'k that is somewhat soiled with
out it being noticeable.
In cloaks, coachman gray continues
much iu favor, but bas a formidable
rival in a light shade of, Havana,
which promises to be extremely fash
ionable. White is generally used ia
the combination.
Thunder and Lightning.
It is said that lightning may be
recognized at a distance Of two hnu
dred uiiL's when the clouds among
which it plays are at a high altitude. -but
that thunder can seldom be heard
at a greater distance than ten miles.
The sound of thunder is also subject
to refraction by layers or different
density iu the atmosphere, as well as
to the effects of "sound shadows,"
produced by hills and other interposed
objects. These are among the rea
sons for the existence of the so-called
"sheet," or "slimmer," lightuiug,
which seems to be unattended by
thunder. Youth's Companion. . .